128:
398:
496:, who claimed he was "rough, proud, uncultivated, morose" and intolerable off the battlefield, also described him as "very brave in his person, and in a day of battle a gallant man to look upon and follow". According to his sister, Lucas "naturally had a practical genius to the warlike arts, as natural poets have to poetry, but his life was cut off before he could arrive at the true perfection thereof". He left a
43:
807:
719:
476:, he was reprieved by Parliament, which was wary of antagonising a foreign power, but Lucas and Lisle were executed by firing squad on 28 August 1648 in the castle yard at Colchester, and interred in the Lucas family vault within St Giles's Church. Twelve years later, on 7 June 1661, the two men were reburied in an elaborate ceremony, and a stone placed by
460:
justified by reference to the ruling by
Parliament in June. Although Lucas knew he had broken the terms of his parole and did not expect mercy a second time, he argued that he had acted as "a true subject to my king and the laws of the kingdom" and "fought with a commission from those that were my
248:, described Lucas as "rough, proud, uncultivated and morose", but "a gallant man to look upon and follow". A brave and capable cavalry commander with a reputation for bad temper and ruthlessness, he is chiefly remembered for the manner of his death.
358:'s horse from the field, but the battle was a decisive Parliamentarian victory and he was captured during the fighting. Exchanged for Parliamentary prisoners during the winter, in December 1645 he defended
444:
were in no mood to pardon those they considered responsible for a second and unnecessary round of bloodshed. This was especially true of
Royalists like Lucas who had already been pardoned once before.
960:
817:
276:(1606–1671) inherited the family estates. Lucas also had five sisters, Mary (1608–1646), wife of Sir Peter Killigrew (1593–1668), Anne (1614–?), Elizabeth (1612–1691), who married
970:
975:
285:
940:
440:
granted "quarter" were guaranteed their lives, "mercy" left it to the discretion of the victorious commander. The ferocity of the siege meant many senior officers of the
347:, Lucas and the cavalry remained in the open country, and when Rupert's relieving army crossed the hills into Yorkshire he was quickly joined by Newcastle's squadrons.
504:
it was never published. To his military gifts Lucas added a devotion to the king's cause, which he sometimes expressed in singularly high-flown and poetical language.
461:
sovereigns, and from that commission I must justify my action". His fate was sealed when two soldiers who had previously served in the
Parliamentarian garrison of
366:. The garrison surrendered after being granted free passage to the nearest Royalist territory, and Lucas became lieutenant-general of the remnants of the Royalist
355:
731:
965:
740:
378:
417:
289:
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911:
452:
for trial; Capel was executed in March 1649, while
Norwich and Hastings were exiled. Lucas, Lisle and Gascoigne were condemned to death by a
340:
484:
in cold blood barbarously murdered", although in reality
Fairfax had acted legally and in accordance with the terms of the capitulation.
796:
493:
413:
269:
245:
264:
in 1613, youngest son of Sir Thomas Lucas (1573–1625) and his wife
Elizabeth (died 1647). One of eight children, the eldest brother
849:
826:
762:
277:
385:
began in May 1648, he ignored both agreements and took a prominent part in the seizure of
Colchester; following a three-month
20:
110:
335:
on 1 July. In
January 1644, he commanded the forces attacking Nottingham, and soon afterwards, on the recommendation of
477:
281:
273:
752:
The Life of
William Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle, to which is Added the True Relation of My Birth, Breeding and Life
397:
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214:
180:
160:
950:
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gave evidence that after their surrender in 1645, Lucas had ordered the execution of over 20 men.
408:
On 20 June 1648, Parliament had declared all those who took part in the Second Civil War were guilty of
222:
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930:
313:
386:
363:
230:
185:
945:
238:
142:
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Lucas was released after promising not to bear arms against
Parliament again, and in March 1648
907:
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79:
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767:
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were obliged to "render themselves to mercy", while the rest of the garrison were given "
481:
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924:
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735:
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453:
331:
Early in 1643, Lucas raised a regiment of horse, with which he defeated Middleton at
457:
409:
779:
42:
750:
492:
Lucas was reputed to be one of the best cavalry leaders in the king's army. Even
462:
771:
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433:
257:
105:
586:
520:
Known as the "Stinchcombe Quarter", other sources attribute this action to
381:
for the return of his estates after swearing an oath of loyalty. When the
473:
448:
As members of the nobility, Norwich, Hastings and Capel were sent to the
412:. When Colchester capitulated, the Royalist commanders, including Lucas,
321:
229:
began in 1648. As a result, he was executed following his capture at the
210:
132:
480:
on their tombs. The inscription stated they were "by the command of Sir
862:, Firth (ed). 1886, App. pp. 363–369; contains an account of Lucas
744:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 93.
367:
332:
309:
292:(1593–1676), Royalist commander in Northern England from 1642 to 1644.
904:
Our Fall Our Fame: The Life and Times of Sir Charles Lucas (1613–1648)
501:
288:(1623–1673), was a prolific author and scientist who in 1645 married
234:
810: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
221:
in March 1646, he was released after swearing not to fight against
724:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
396:
261:
206:
830:. Vol. 34. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 229–231.
344:
876:, 1758, has an account of the family of Lucas, with a pedigree
869:, 1789, has an account of the family of Lucas, with a pedigree
789:
The New Model Army in England, Ireland and Scotland, 1645-1653
760:
Donagan, Barbara (2004). "Lucas, Sir Charles (1612/13–1648)".
436:". These terms had specific and well-known military meanings;
889:
9th Rep. pt. ii., contains the Letters of Sir Charles Lucas
300:
As a young man, Lucas served under his brother John in the
749:
Cavendish, Margaret (1886). Firth, Charles Harding (ed.).
205:, 1613 to 28 August 1648, was a professional soldier from
621:
619:
636:
634:
544:
542:
540:
569:
567:
565:
563:
561:
559:
557:
961:
Royalist military personnel of the English Civil War
148:
138:
121:
116:
104:
96:
85:
69:
57:
52:
30:
16:
English Royalist commander in the English Civil War
860:The Life of William Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle
472:Since Gascoigne, or Bernardo Guasconi, was from
374:, the last major battle of the First Civil War.
343:'s Northern army. When Newcastle was shut up in
280:(1604–1675), and Catherine (1605–1702), wife of
370:. In March 1646, he was captured once again at
328:, the first major engagement of the conflict.
8:
766:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
971:People executed for treason against England
883:, contains the Letters of Sir Charles Lucas
976:People executed by England by firing squad
389:, the town surrendered on 28 August 1648.
41:
27:
19:For other people named Charles Lucas, see
854:A Memoir of the Life of Sir Charles Lucas
625:
610:
339:, he was made lieutenant-general of the
290:William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle
839:, 1668, contains a Lives of the Lucases
763:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
652:
640:
573:
536:
513:
320:began in August 1642, Lucas joined the
233:in August 1648, and became a Royalist
941:Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge
856:, 4to, was privately printed in 1845.
703:, ii. 370; Vicars, God's Ark. p. 399.
696:
680:
664:
548:
7:
881:Prince Rupert in the Fairfax Papers
316:, being knighted in 1639. When the
217:. Taken prisoner at the end of the
966:Military personnel from Colchester
587:"Family of Sir Thomas (1573–1625)"
246:Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon
14:
906:, Newtown: Jacobus Publications,
844:New Book of Loyal English Martyrs
284:(1607–1673). His youngest sister
244:Royalist statesman and historian
225:again, an oath he broke when the
827:Dictionary of National Biography
816:Firth, Charles Harding (1893). "
805:
717:
126:
846:contains a Lives of the Lucases
837:Memoirs of Excellent Personages
699:, p. 231 cites Warburton,
667:, p. 230 cites Clarendon
304:, and during the 1639 to 1640
21:Charles Lucas (disambiguation)
1:
324:army, and was wounded at the
92:(now St Giles Masonic Centre)
90:St Giles's Church, Colchester
832:contains a bibliography of:
780:UK public library membership
272:, and so the second brother
268:(1598–1649) was technically
850:Thomas Philip, Earl de Grey
498:Treatise of the Arts of War
478:John Lucas, 1st Baron Lucas
111:Christ's College, Cambridge
992:
522:Prince Rupert of the Rhine
401:Lucas and Lisle monument,
354:in July 1644, Lucas swept
256:Charles Lucas was born in
215:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
213:cavalry leader during the
161:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
18:
196:
40:
383:Second English Civil War
227:Second English Civil War
818:Lucas, Charles (d.1648)
741:Encyclopædia Britannica
500:, but being written in
488:Contemporary reputation
326:Battle of Powick Bridge
318:First English Civil War
219:First English Civil War
902:David Appleby (1996),
772:10.1093/ref:odnb/17123
405:
393:Execution & burial
362:against forces led by
867:History of Colchester
787:Gentles, Ian (1992).
400:
308:commanded a troop of
687:, ed. Firth, p. 282.
683:, p. 230 cites
730:Anonymous (1911). "
613:, pp. 283–284.
364:Thomas Rainsborough
231:Siege of Colchester
186:Siege of Colchester
732:Lucas, Sir Charles
406:
356:Sir Thomas Fairfax
278:Sir William Walter
239:Stuart Restoration
209:, who served as a
143:Lieutenant General
913:978-1-898621-45-4
778:(Subscription or
685:Life of Newcastle
430:Bernard Gascoigne
403:Colchester Castle
341:Duke of Newcastle
203:Sir Charles Lucas
200:
199:
80:Colchester, Essex
64:Colchester, Essex
47:Sir Charles Lucas
983:
951:Knights Bachelor
916:
887:Hist. MSS. Comm.
874:History of Essex
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546:
524:
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426:Sir George Lisle
418:Sir Arthur Capel
372:Stow-on-the-Wold
302:Eighty Years War
252:Personal details
181:Stow-on-the-Wold
156:Eighty Years War
131:
130:
129:
117:Military service
76:
53:Personal details
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28:
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896:Further reading
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467:Gloucestershire
450:Tower of London
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360:Berkeley Castle
312:in the army of
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237:after the 1660
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176:Berkeley Castle
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125:
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798:978-0631158691
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736:Chisholm, Hugh
712:
709:
706:
705:
689:
673:
657:
655:, p. 256.
645:
643:, p. 257.
630:
626:Anonymous 1911
615:
611:Cavendish 1886
603:
591:Lucasfamily.uk
578:
553:
551:, p. 230.
535:
534:
532:
529:
526:
525:
512:
511:
509:
506:
489:
486:
482:Thomas Fairfax
442:New Model Army
422:Henry Hastings
394:
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297:
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282:Sir Edmund Pye
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77:(aged 35)
73:28 August 1648
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812:public domain
804:
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791:. Blackwell.
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769:
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754:
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747:
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726:public domain
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701:Prince Rupert
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686:
682:
677:
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628:, p. 93.
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337:Prince Rupert
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306:Bishops' Wars
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86:Resting place
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51:
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39:
35:Charles Lucas
29:
26:
22:
956:Lucas family
903:
886:
880:
879:Warburton's
873:
866:
859:
853:
843:
836:
825:
788:
761:
751:
739:
700:
692:
684:
676:
668:
660:
653:Gentles 1992
648:
641:Gentles 1992
606:
594:. Retrieved
590:
581:
574:Donagan 2004
516:
497:
491:
471:
458:Henry Ireton
447:
414:Lord Norwich
410:high treason
407:
376:
352:Marston Moor
349:
330:
299:
270:illegitimate
255:
243:
202:
201:
171:Marston Moor
149:Battles/wars
75:(1648-08-28)
25:
936:1648 deaths
931:1613 births
822:Lee, Sidney
755:. JC Nimmo.
463:Stinchcombe
97:Nationality
925:Categories
782:required.)
697:Firth 1893
681:Firth 1893
671:, xi. 108.
665:Firth 1893
549:Firth 1893
531:References
379:compounded
258:Colchester
223:Parliament
122:Allegiance
106:Alma mater
946:Cavaliers
872:Morant's
865:Morant's
669:Rebellion
494:Clarendon
438:prisoners
314:Charles I
133:Royalists
842:Heath's
835:Lloyd's
474:Florence
322:Royalist
286:Margaret
211:Royalist
824:(ed.).
814::
738:(ed.).
728::
711:Sources
434:quarter
368:cavalry
333:Padbury
310:cavalry
100:English
910:
820:". In
795:
776:
734:". In
722:
596:12 May
502:cipher
296:Career
266:Thomas
235:martyr
508:Notes
387:siege
262:Essex
207:Essex
908:ISBN
793:ISBN
598:2022
428:and
345:York
274:John
139:Rank
70:Died
61:1613
58:Born
768:doi
350:At
32:Sir
927::
852:,
633:^
618:^
589:.
556:^
539:^
465:,
424:,
420:,
416:,
260:,
241:.
917:.
801:.
774:.
770::
600:.
576:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
