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Mountford gained recognition in the US for his exceptional communication skills and knowledge of
Aboriginal culture, which were enhanced by his adeptness with visual media. With the support of the Australian Director-General of Information, Mountford conducted two lecture tours in the US in 1945 and
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Representative of the era's inclination towards "modular and portable" forms of travel documentation such as writing, film, and lecture tours, Mountford's films capturing
Central Australia's essence prompted a lecture tour to the United States in 1945; when colour films Mountford had made, including
612:
The
Curator of the South Australian Museum, Philip Jones, pointed out that by the 1940s, Mountford had advanced the anthropological significance of Australia Aboriginal art before any market for such art had emerged. Furthermore, Mountford understood that Aboriginal art is fundamentally inseparable
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from financing
Mountford's endeavour, citing his amateur status. Nonetheless, he garnered support from the museum board for anthropological research and from private sponsors. Collaborating with Lauri Sheard and camel handler Tommy Dodd, and accompanied by Bessie, the four-month expedition in from
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Post Office as
Mechanic-in-Charge, work that took him to remote outposts in which he became familiar with Aboriginal communities. Suffering poor health from the tropical climate and hard work, Mountford, then thirty-three, was posted back to the Adelaide GPO workshops where his family lived at 52
653:
Foundation member and past president, Anthropological
Society of South Australia; foundation secretary, Australian Anthropological Association; Fellow, Royal Anthropological Society of Great Britain and Ireland; Member, Board for Anthropological Research, Adelaide University. Fellow of the Royal
165:
OBE (1955); Australian
Natural History medallion (1945); National Geographic Society Franklin L. Burr award (1949); Royal Geographical Society of Australasia (South Australian branch) John Lewis gold medal (1955); Royal Geographical Society of Australasia (Queensland branch) Thomson gold medal;
628:
In 1949, Australia members of UNESCO engaged
Mountford's assistance in creating a photographic publication showcasing bark and cave paintings. With sponsorship from the Commonwealth Department of Information, Mountford returned to Oenpelli in 1949, accompanied by professional photographer W. M.
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The plaintiffs were successful, and judge
Justice Muirhead agreed to grant the injunction. He concluded that a number of photographs, drawings and descriptions of persons, places and ceremonies featured in the book held deep religious and cultural significance to the plaintiffs, and that their
339:
and in
January 1913 obtained a permanent position in the engineering workshops at the General Post Office in the Engineering Branch of the Post and Telegraph Department. He was continuing studies in mathematics and natural science at the School of Mines and the University of Adelaide, although
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injunction preventing the book's publication in the Northern Territory. They argued that the Pitjantjara men who had revealed culturally restricted information with Mountford did so on the understanding that he would not share it with women, children, or uninitiated Aboriginal men.
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This eventually paved the way for the establishment of the American-Australian Arnhem Land Scientific Expedition of 1948, comprising American and Australian experts in various fields, including flora, fauna, archaeology, anthropology, photography, filmmaking, and health.
54:
549:
Charles Mountford filming on location in the Mann Ranges, South Australia. Mountford used film made on expeditions to Central Australia in 1940 and 1942, to produce his first documentary film 'Brown Men and Red Sand (Walkabout)'. Courtesy State Library of South
418:, he wed Bessie Ilma Johnstone, a 42-year-old civil servant. In 1935, he took on the role of secretary for a board of inquiry tasked with investigating reports of mistreatment of Indigenous Australians in the Northern Territory, specifically at
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During 1938, Mountford, taking a year-long sabbatical from the PMG, served as an acting ethnologist at the museum and conceived of taking a camel expedition to central Australia with the intention of studying the artistic expressions of the
770:. His publications contributed to the global exposure of Aboriginal art and the development of an international market for it and, as noted by Berndt, such artworks were sold for increasingly high prices in the US and London by 1954.
596:, where he showed the films to diplomats, politicians and the Department of Information, with the result that Mountford was funded by the Commonwealth Government to conduct showings and lectures in America and Britain.
376:
438:, and E. O. Stocker, a cine-photographer. Mountford contributed as a stills photographer and art recorder, amassing numerous photographs and over 400 crayon drawings illustrating various sites and dreaming tracks.
324:, seeking better circumstances. He took work at the chaff mill managed by his father, laboured at surface jobs in the copper mine, cut scrub and quarried stone, before joining his father in selling
264:
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Members of the anthropological expedition to the Warburton Range in Western Australia, 1935. From left: Charles Mountford, E. O. Stocker, N. B. Tindale (leader), and Dr C. J. Hackett.
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When Florence died aged 34 on 30 May 1925, Mountford, seeking distraction, revived his interest in indigenous culture and artworks in particular, and while staying with his father in
1704:
A book by Charles Mountford, noted Australian anthropologist, was legally prevented from publication earlier this year because it told some of the secrets of the Pitjanjatjara tribe.
513:. The results of this endeavor were showcased through photographic exhibitions and a prize-winning colour film created in 1940, which subsequently became the foundation for the book
480:. In addition to his anthropological work, he had conducted successful research within the PMG's Department, examining the corrosive effects of electrolysis on underground cables.
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784:(1976) contained details and pictures of secret ceremonies that had been revealed to Mountford in confidence during his fieldwork in the 1930s and 1940s. Members of the
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Members of the 1948 AASEAL Expedition party, on Groote Eyland, Charles Mountford 3rd from left, middle row. Mountford-Sheard Collection, State Library of South Australia
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Mountford's father Charles married Arabella Windsor and moved into the house on a block farmed by his father at Hallett on the railway line 32 km north from
332:, then as a striker for a blacksmith before being employed for a longer term as a conductor on the horse tram service, continuing when the line was electrified.
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and authored further scientific papers as well as a series of newspaper articles. He had completed a two-year term as an honorary assistant in ethnology at the
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1946, drawing an audience of four thousand Society members in Washington DC, and an account of his expediitons was featured in the January 1946 edition of
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Royal Society of South Australia Sir Joseph Verco medal (1971); University of Melbourne honorary Litt.D. (1973); University of Adelaide D.Litt. (1976)
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Although this injunction only applied to the Northern Territory, the book's publishers ultimately decided to withdraw the book from sale everywhere.
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in Adelaide was interested and he and Mountford collaborated on a short paper "Native Markings on Rocks at Morowie, South Australia" was read to the
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on 13 October 1934. In the same year, he joined an expedition organised by the University of Adelaide's board for anthropological research to the
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After participating in the board's expedition to the Granites in the Northern Territory in 1936, Mountford joined another expedition to the
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in London. From 1956 to 1964, a series of volumes documenting the expedition was published, including Mountford's own on Aboriginal art.
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742:), and the material is respectful of the people whose lives it documents. Mountford's articles on allied subjects were published in
1589:"'No One Here … Understands the Problem of Aboriginal Art': The Fulbright Program, Aboriginal Studies and Aboriginal Art, 1950–65"
1131:"'No One Here … Understands the Problem of Aboriginal Art': The Fulbright Program, Aboriginal Studies and Aboriginal Art, 1950–65"
680:(South Australian branch) John Lewis gold medal; Royal Geographical Society of Australasia (Queensland branch) Thomson gold medal;
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703:
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Society of South Australia; Acting Ethnologist, South Australian Museum, 1937–38; twice President, Adelaide Camera Club; Member,
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travel and geographical magazine (1934–1974), which revised Australians' concept of 'The Centre" from the picture presented in
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in 1926, the first of many which Mountford was to present to learned societies; in 1928 he spoke again on the subject to the
328:, an enterprise continued after they moved again, to Adelaide. After the business failed, he took work as a stable hand at
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of South Australia in 1937. He revisited Nepabunna multiple times, creating an unprecedented ethnographic record of the
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they found at nearby Merowie Springs a rock with dozens of carved grooves which he traced and photographed. Ethnologist
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Mountford's written works, along with those by contemporaries, foreshadowed subsequent scholarly investigations like
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by mounted constable William (Bill) McKinnon. One of the incidents being investigated was the shooting death of
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The go-betweens : patrol officers in Aboriginal affairs administration in the Northern Territory 1936-74
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in South Australia. In the house his son Charles was born and was educated in the one-room local school.
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Records of the American-Australian scientific expedition to Arnhem Land: Vol. 1 Art, myth and symbolism
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Records of the American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land. 2. Anthropology and Nutrition
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Records of the American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land. 3, Botany And Plant Ecology
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in 1940 resulted in an examination of the art and mythology surrounding the landmarks Uluru and the
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impressed the British Parliamentary Delegation when they were shown them, South Australian Premier
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589:
30:
This article is about the Australian anthropologist and photographer. For the Canadian poet, see
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1698:
Murray, Ian (22 April 1977). "The Aborigines now must suffer Australia's rush of conscience".
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1283:. UNESCO World Art, 3. Greenwich, Conn.: New York Graphic Society by arrangement with UNESCO.
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was the first of several Australian court cases dealing with Aboriginal secret information.
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461:'s expedition to Mount Dare station to investigate a reported discovery of the remains of
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Mountford, Charles P.; American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (1956).
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Records of the American-Australian scientific expedition to Arnhem Land. 4, Zoology
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940:. Canberra, A.C.T.: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
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from narrative, place, and identity, transmitted through song and ceremony.
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and they had two children, Kenneth and Joyce. In 1920 was promoted to the
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706:, known as the Mountford-Sheard Collection, which has been inscribed on
535:(Melbourne, 1944), works which contributed to shaping his later career.
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and then, when Mountford (who adopted the nickname 'Monty') was ten, to
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Records of the American-Australian scientific expedition to Arnhem Land
1633:"Foster v Mountford: cultural confidentiality in a changing Australia"
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1257:
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196:
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Leader, 1948 American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land
1361:. Vol. 2 (1st ed.). Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
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people through his photographs, recordings, and notes on mythology,
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Mountford-Sheard Collection of the State Library of South Australia
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and other works created, written and gathered by Mountford in the
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On October 28, 1933, at the Gartrell Memorial Methodist Church in
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and his depictions and descriptions of their art. He also led the
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without prospect or graduating since he had never matriculated.
936:
Jones, Philip (2000). "Mountford, Charles Pearcy (1890–1976)".
240:
683:
1971: Royal Society of South Australia Sir Joseph Verco medal
527:. Notably, Mountford also produced another influential film,
1399:(1st ed.). Parkville, Vic: Melbourne University Press.
1315:. Vol. 54, no. 8, 380. South Australia. p. 10
698:
There is a collection of Mountford's photographs, journals,
1667:"Intellectual Property and Indigenous Peoples' Information"
1550:
Holmes, O.B.E.. M.C.., F.R.G.S., Charles (1 November 195).
1376:(1st ed.). Carlton, Vic.: Melbourne University Press.
434:
in Western Australia, alongside Tindale, C. J. Hackett, a
1050:. Casuarina: North Australia Research Unit. p. 14.
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and others now digitised and publicly accessible at the
670:
1949: National Geographic Society Franklin L. Burr award
395:
Mountford and his father became founding members of the
265:
American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land
564:
The Red Centre: Man and Beast in the Heart of Australia
377:
Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science
1338:(1st ed.). Victoria: Melbourne University Press.
457:, and social practices. In 1938, he accompanied (Sir)
297:
was the subject of an important court case due to its
788:
Council swiftly launched legal action and sought an
316:
The family income was constrained and they moved to
202:
Ayers Rock, Its People, Their Beliefs and Their Art
1168:"Aborigines of Australia Still Live in Stone Age".
1021:"A MELBOURNE LETTER: C.P. Mountford Anthropologist"
641:rock art created a sensation when exhibited at the
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1587:Jordan, Caroline; Kirkby, Diane (2 January 2022).
1281:Australia : aboriginal paintings, Arnhem Land
1129:Jordan, Caroline; Kirkby, Diane (2 January 2022).
907:(1976) – withdrawn after sale for cultural reasons
558:(1948) joined a number of publications, including
278:(1969) and iconic late-20th-century works such as
1183:"Geographic Society Hears Speech by Australian".
1730:State Library of South Australia: SA Memory page
1637:University of Wollongong Faculty of Law - Papers
399:in 1926. Encouraged by the society's president,
1531:. UNESCO Australian Memory of the World Program
718:, particularly those in central Australia, the
337:South Australian School of Mines and Industries
288:Reading the Country: Introduction to Nomadology
686:1973: University of Melbourne honorary Litt.D.
519:In 1942, he embarked on a journey through the
689:1976: University of Adelaide honorary D.Litt.
46:O.B.E., M.A. (Adel.), Dip. Anthrop. (Cantab.)
8:
1671:Australian Academic & Research Libraries
1572:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
631:Australia: Aboriginal Paintings, Arnhem Land
403:, he conducted surveys of engravings in the
1654:. Harvard University Press. pp. 33–34.
1503:State Library of South Australia LibGuides
1395:Mountford, Charles P.; Specht, R. (1964).
1372:Mountford, Charles P.; Specht, R. (1958).
1357:Mountford, Charles P.; Specht, R. (1960).
1323:– via National Library of Australia.
1219:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Literature
667:1945: Australian Natural History Medallion
397:Anthropological Society of South Australia
299:inclusion of culturally restricted content
52:
38:
27:Australian anthropologist and photographer
1770:Memory of the World Register in Australia
1682:
1198:"Mountford To Tell About Stone Age Men".
857:, its people, their beliefs and their art
678:Royal Geographical Society of Australasia
259:. He is known for his pioneering work on
984:"Monty"; the biography of C.P. Mountford
917:
863:thesis which became a popular paperback
343:In 1914 he married Florence Purnell at
181:Anthropology, Australian indigenous art
132:Florence Purnell, Bessie Ilma Johnstone
1665:Heather Moorcroft, Alex Byrne (1996).
1565:
1227:10.1093/acrefore/9780190201098.013.312
1215:"Australian Travel Writing, 1900–1960"
880:(1971) – in collaboration with artist
799:publication could harm the community.
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1046:Long, Jeremy Phillip Merrick (1992).
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468:Mountford also served as lecturer in
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714:. It is of cultural significance to
633:, one of UNESCO's world art series.
629:Brindle, and they produced the book
247: – 16 November 1976,
1082:Commonwealth Board of Enquiry, 1935
887:Winbaraku: and the myth of Jarapiri
673:1955: O.B.E. in the Civil Division
1525:"#21: Mountford-Sheard Collection"
938:Australian Dictionary of Biography
847:Tiwi: their art, myth and ceremony
335:In the meantime he studied at the
25:
1449:Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
1268:(5): 8, 20, 64 – via Trove.
1258:"Colour Recording an Extinct Art"
1720:Bright Sparcs Biographical entry
1476:State Library of South Australia
899:The Aborigines and their country
704:State Library of South Australia
637:'s copies or interpretations of
474:Workers' Educational Association
373:Royal Society of South Australia
295:Nomads of the Australian Desert,
227:
1702:. London, England. p. 10.
1213:Johnston, Anna (28 June 2017),
1170:Metropolitan Pasadena Star-News
1104:"White brother of brown tribes"
905:Nomads of the Australian Desert
893:Australian Aboriginal portraits
782:Nomads of the Australian Desert
775:Nomads of the Australian Desert
1684:10.1080/00048623.1996.10754962
1110:. 17 September 1944. p. 4
1027:. 15 September 1945. p. 2
383:Exploration for indigenous art
1:
1605:10.1080/1031461X.2020.1856899
1593:Australian Historical Studies
1499:"Mountford-Sheard Collection"
1471:"Mountford-Sheard Collection"
1256:Brindle, W. M. (1 May 1950).
1202:. 1 February 1946. p. 9.
1187:. 3 February 1945. p. 3.
1147:10.1080/1031461X.2020.1856899
1135:Australian Historical Studies
768:National Library of Australia
190:University of South Australia
115:University of South Australia
1765:20th-century anthropologists
1445:"Government Gazette Notices"
1775:Australian photojournalists
1279:Read, Herbert, ed. (1954).
1221:, Oxford University Press,
1172:. 23 March 1946. p. 9.
578:The Dead Heart of Australia
533:The Art of Albert Namatjira
531:, and the illustrated book
1791:
1755:Australian anthropologists
1650:Brown, Michael F. (2009).
1639:: 110–125 (110, 118, 125).
151:Charles Mountford (father)
29:
1631:Anton, Christoph (2009).
1419:"U.S. Prize To Australia"
1262:Australasian Photo-Review
833:Australian tree portraits
763:Australasian Photo-Review
276:Journey to Horseshoe Bend
226:
217:
170:
154:Arabella Windsor (mother)
58:Charles Mountford in 1947
51:
1760:Australian photographers
1652:Who Owns Native Culture?
554:Mountford's publication
459:Archibald Grenfell Price
293:Mountford's final book,
238:Charles Pearcy Mountford
96:Norwood, South Australia
78:Hallett, South Australia
43:Charles Pearcy Mountford
18:Charles Pearcy Mountford
1079:SLSA (20 August 2008),
780:Mountford's final book
757:Pacific Islands Monthly
586:Brown Men and Red Sands
515:Brown Men and Red Sand.
478:South Australian Museum
436:physical anthropologist
369:South Australian Museum
827:Brown Men and Red Sand
716:Aboriginal Australians
609:
556:Brown Men and Red Sand
551:
540:Brown Men and Red Sand
392:
282:, Krim Benterrak, and
261:Indigenous Australians
1552:"How Walkabout Began"
1423:Sydney Morning Herald
982:Lamshed, Max (1972).
607:
548:
529:Namatjira the Painter
390:
409:Mount Chambers Gorge
251:) was an Australian
32:Charles H. Mountford
1529:Memory of the World
1312:The News (Adelaide)
1200:The Berkshire Eagle
986:. Adelaide: Rigby.
712:Memory of the World
620:National Geographic
401:Frederic Wood Jones
806:Foster v Mountford
643:Berkeley Galleries
610:
592:took Mountford to
590:Thomas Playford IV
552:
393:
326:stereoscope slides
1505:. 30 January 2020
1236:978-0-19-020109-8
878:The First Sunrise
658:, New York, USA.
521:MacDonnell Ranges
463:Ludwig Leichhardt
365:Norman B. Tindale
272:T. G. H. Strehlow
235:
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208:Academic advisors
172:Scientific career
88:November 16, 1976
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542:
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498:Carnegie trust
496:dissuaded the
494:Adolphus Elkin
490:Yankuntjatjara
486:Pitjantjatjara
384:
381:
306:
303:
280:Stephen Muecke
253:anthropologist
233:
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212:Norman Tindale
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92:(aged 86)
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243:(8 May 1890,
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19:
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1568:cite journal
1559:
1555:
1545:
1533:. Retrieved
1528:
1519:
1507:. Retrieved
1502:
1493:
1481:. Retrieved
1474:
1465:
1453:. Retrieved
1448:
1439:
1427:. Retrieved
1422:
1413:
1396:
1390:
1373:
1367:
1358:
1352:
1335:
1329:
1317:. Retrieved
1310:
1303:Ivor Francis
1297:
1280:
1274:
1265:
1261:
1251:
1240:, retrieved
1218:
1208:
1199:
1193:
1185:Evening star
1184:
1178:
1169:
1163:
1138:
1134:
1124:
1112:. Retrieved
1107:
1098:
1087:, retrieved
1081:
1074:
1047:
1041:
1029:. Retrieved
1024:
983:
960:. Retrieved
955:
946:
937:
904:
898:
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886:
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876:(1969), and
873:
866:
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789:
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761:
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745:The Bulletin
744:
736:Tiwi Islands
697:
652:
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627:
618:
615:
611:
585:
582:
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567:
566:(1935), and
563:
555:
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524:
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514:
482:
467:
440:
420:Hermannsburg
413:
405:Panaramittee
394:
358:
354:Torrensville
342:
334:
315:
308:
294:
292:
287:
275:
269:
257:photographer
237:
236:
201:
186:Institutions
171:
90:(1976-11-16)
36:
1750:1976 deaths
1745:1890 births
1535:13 November
1509:13 November
1483:13 November
818:The Art of
786:Pitjantjara
740:Tiwi people
728:Arnhem Land
649:Memberships
600:Recognition
305:Early years
74:May 8, 1890
1739:Categories
1478:Collection
1319:7 December
1089:1 February
1066:0731513061
956:Advertiser
912:References
855:Ayers Rock
734:) and the
635:James Cant
511:Kata Tjuta
465:'s party.
318:Georgetown
70:1890-05-08
1700:The Times
1677:(2): 91.
1613:1031-461X
1556:Walkabout
1455:21 August
1429:21 August
1405:223700983
1382:223700975
1344:604762407
1242:18 August
1155:1031-461X
1114:18 August
1031:21 August
962:21 August
869:Dreamtime
751:Walkabout
726:people),
569:Walkabout
550:Australia
503:Ernabella
492:peoples.
470:ethnology
443:Nepabunna
428:Yokununna
416:Rose Park
345:Thebarton
284:Paddy Roe
222:Signature
129:Spouse(s)
111:Education
1562:(11): 9.
872:(1965),
791:ex parte
594:Canberra
580:(1909).
525:Tjurunga
472:for the
330:Kilkenny
290:(1984).
137:Children
1289:6273898
1108:The Sun
411:areas.
367:at the
249:Norwood
245:Hallett
145:Parents
1611:
1403:
1380:
1342:
1287:
1233:
1153:
1085:, SLSA
1064:
1054:
1002:699550
1000:
990:
901:(1969)
895:(1967)
889:(1967)
850:(1958)
841:(1956)
835:(1956)
829:(1948)
823:(1944)
708:UNESCO
694:Legacy
662:Awards
361:Dawson
349:Darwin
322:Moonta
197:Thesis
178:Fields
162:Awards
812:Works
676:1955
639:Ubirr
507:Uluru
424:Uluru
311:Burra
106:Monty
1609:ISSN
1574:link
1537:2020
1511:2020
1485:2020
1457:2023
1431:2023
1401:OCLC
1378:OCLC
1340:OCLC
1321:2023
1285:OCLC
1244:2023
1231:ISBN
1151:ISSN
1116:2023
1091:2024
1062:OCLC
1052:ISBN
1033:2023
998:OCLC
988:ISBN
964:2023
867:The
861:M.A.
845:The
488:and
422:and
407:and
255:and
85:Died
64:Born
1679:doi
1601:doi
1223:doi
1143:doi
710:'s
576:'s
562:'s
505:to
286:'s
274:'s
241:OBE
1741::
1675:27
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1570:}}
1566:{{
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
