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Gursky, H.; Gorenstein, P.; Kerr, F. J.; Grayzeck, E. J. (1971). "The
Estimated Distance to Cygnus X-1 Based on its Low-Energy X-Ray Spectrum".
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In 1971, as a post-doctoral fellow and part-time faculty member studying binary systems at the Dunlap
Observatory, Bolton observed star
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wobble as if it were orbiting around an invisible but massive companion emitting powerful X-rays, independently of the work by
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Shipman, H. L. (1975). "The implausible history of triple star models for Cygnus X-1 Evidence for a black hole".
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Webster, B. Louise; Murdin, Paul (1972). "Cygnus X-1—a
Spectroscopic Binary with a Heavy Companion?".
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Bolton was instrumental in passing the first light-pollution regulation Canada, a 1995 bylaw to limit
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Alexander W. Fullerton, Douglas R. Gies, Ian K. Shelton, and Steven N. Shore (April 13, 2021).
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Gies, D. R.; Bolton, C. T. (1986). "The binary frequency and origin of the OB runaway stars".
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in the town
Richmond Hill, home of the David Dunlap Observatory. He was a fellow of the
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Black, Harry (2008). "Tom Bolton, Astronomer: Discoverer of the First Black Hole".
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Canadian
Scientists and Inventors: Biographies of People Who Shaped Our World
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Bolton, C. T. (1972). "Identification of Cygnus X-1 with HDE 226868".
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astronomy department, eventually becoming an emeritus professor.
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that were precise enough to compare with data from real stars.
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In 1985, Bolton and
Douglas Gies showed that hot, massive
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from 1972 to 1973. Thereafter, he was affiliated with the
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In 1970, Bolton developed the first computer models for
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Academic staff of the
University of Toronto Scarborough
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Academic staff of the
University of Toronto Mississauga
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Bolton then worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the
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261:galaxy at a galactic latitude of about 3 degrees.
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27:American-Canadian astronomer (1943–2021)
563:. University of Toronto. Archived from
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801:Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
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445:"Black holes: The Canadian connection"
699:"Lights out for pollution | The Star"
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559:Rolston, Bruce (November 10, 1997).
724:"Charles Thomas Bolton (1943–2021)"
821:People from Richmond Hill, Ontario
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786:21st-century Canadian astronomers
781:20th-century American astronomers
816:People from Tullahoma, Tennessee
426:. University of Toronto Magazine
354:"Charles Thomas Bolton (1943- )"
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811:University of Michigan alumni
806:University of Illinois alumni
607:10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00384-4
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272:relative to the surrounding
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732:. Vol. 53, no. 2
212:from 1971 to 1972, and at
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424:"The proof is out there"
358:Virtual Museum of Canada
202:David Dunlap Observatory
144:David Dunlap Observatory
106:Stellar-mass black holes
289:Royal Society of Canada
171:stellar-mass black hole
167: February 4, 2021
117:Royal Society of Canada
73: February 4, 2021
561:"The First Black Hole"
206:Richmond Hill, Ontario
195:University of Michigan
191:University of Illinois
95:University of Michigan
91:University of Illinois
79:Richmond Hill, Ontario
622:Astrophysical Journal
587:Astrophysical Letters
218:University of Toronto
185:, a military base in
160:Charles Thomas Bolton
148:University of Toronto
44:Charles Thomas Bolton
18:Charles Thomas Bolton
187:Tullahoma, Tennessee
58:Tullahoma, Tennessee
669:1986ApJS...61..419G
634:1971ApJ...167L..15G
599:1975ApL....16....9S
530:1972Natur.235...37W
487:1972Natur.235..271B
274:interstellar medium
210:Scarborough College
181:Bolton was born in
312:The Globe and Mail
266:"runaway OB stars"
162:(April 15, 1943 –
481:(5336): 271–273.
449:Quirks and Quarks
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140:Institutions
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776:2021 deaths
771:1943 births
703:thestar.com
593:(1): 9–12.
240:Paul Murdin
765:Categories
736:January 9,
708:2018-10-30
571:2008-03-11
459:2008-07-05
430:2008-07-06
363:2007-07-05
318:2022-01-31
295:References
255:Cygnus X-1
252:black hole
232:HDE 226868
50:1943-04-15
34:Tom Bolton
685:0067-0049
278:supernova
259:Milky Way
242:, at the
177:Biography
134:Astronomy
75:(aged 77)
406:Archived
270:velocity
81:, Canada
665:Bibcode
663:: 419.
630:Bibcode
628:: L15.
595:Bibcode
546:4195462
526:Bibcode
503:4222070
483:Bibcode
683:
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518:Nature
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475:Nature
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130:Fields
112:Awards
60:, U.S.
542:S2CID
499:S2CID
752:link
738:2022
681:ISSN
383:ISBN
238:and
66:Died
40:Born
673:doi
638:doi
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