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485:
453:
In the United States, she came up with four "basic tendencies" of humans: gratification, self-restricting accommodation, creative expansion, and maintaining internal order. Other ways of expressing these tendencies are: drive for personal satisfaction, adjustment for the purpose of obtaining
337:
In the next few years at Vienna she gained international prestige through her research and publications which led to the development of the "Viennese child psychology school" of
Charlotte Bühler - the spirit of which is still maintained today in the Charlotte Bühler Institute.
446:("The course of human life as a psychological problem") was the first German-language study to include old age among the psychological age spans and to consider gerontopsychology a part of psychology. She is therefore considered an early pioneer in the field of
345:. Karl Bühler was taken into "protective custody" on March 23, 1938 due to his vocal anti-Nazi sentiments. Via connections in Norway, Charlotte Bühler arranged the release of her husband after six and a half weeks, and in October 1938 the family was reunited in
317:
She married Karl Bühler on April 4, 1916. Their daughter
Ingeborg was born in 1917, and their son Rolf in 1919. Karl died in 1963 in Los Angeles, California. She herself fell ill in 1970 and returned in 1971 to live with her children in
334:, where in 1929 she was promoted to the position of associate professor. Both Bühlers worked closely together at this new institution, which provided them with a laboratory to conduct their research.
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597:(Equal education for all: The school reformer Otto Glöckel. Epstein was also a place for Karl and Charlotte Bühler). Parliament Correspondence, No. 358, 14 May 2007
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230:Über Gedankenentstehung: Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Denkpsychologie ("On the origin of thought: Experimental studies on the psychology of thought")
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376:. Only after an urgent request by her husband did she emigrate in 1940 to Saint Paul in the United States, where she arrived shortly before the
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416:("The mental life of young people"), in which, for the first time, a developmental perspective was used in adolescent psychology. "Bühler's
819:
814:
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Gleiche
Bildungschancen für alle: Der Schulreformer Otto Glöckel. Das Epstein war auch Wirkungsstätte von Karl und Charlotte Bühler.
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217:
298:("On the origin of thought: Experimental studies on the psychology of thought"). That same year she went to Dresden to work with
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In Vienna, specializing in infant and adolescent psychology, Bühler established a focus on experimental research based on
388:
213:
480:("Charlotte Bühler Institute for practical research on infants"), established in 1992 in Vienna, is named after her.
271:, the elder of two children of Jewish government architect Hermann Malachowski, and his wife Rose (née Kristeller).
256:
536:(The inner life of the adolescent: An attempt at analysis and theory of mental puberty"). G. Fischer, Jena 1922.
187:
738:
436:
387:. In 1945 she became an American citizen and moved to Los Angeles, California, as chief psychologist at the
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391:. She held this position until her retirement in 1958; during that time she also served as a professor of
302:, where she continued her research in the fields of child and youth psychology, as well as working on her
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105:
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368:; however, Charlotte Bühler remained in Norway because she had already accepted a professorship at the
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Her list of publications includes 168 works, several of which have been translated into 21 languages.
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109:
744:
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Das
Seelenleben des Jugendlichen : Versuch einer Analyse und Theorie der psychischen Pubertät
560:("Child and family: Studies on the interactions of the child with his family"). Fischer, Jena 1937.
693:(Charlotte Bühler or the course of life as a psychological problem). Lang, Frankfurt et al. 2007,
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717:
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Kind und
Familie : Untersuchungen der Wechselbeziehungen des Kindes mit seiner Familie
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566:("Infant testing: Developmental testing from 1 up to 6 years of age"). Barth, Munich 1952.
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454:
security, creativity or self-expression, and need for order. She laid the foundations of
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489:
463:
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439:, she developed intelligence assessment tests for children which are used to this day.
349:. Because Charlotte Bühler was of Jewish descent they emigrated to the United States.
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360:, which, however, did not materialize. Karl Bühler then accepted a professorship in
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548:("The course of human life as a psychological problem"). Hirzel, Leipzig 1933.
542:("Childhood and adolescence: Origins of consciousness"). Hirzel, Leipzig 1928.
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342:
319:
77:
635:(Encyclopedia of Psychology). Science-online, accessed on 11 February 2011
572:("Psychology in the life of our times") Droemer/Knaur, Munich, Zurich 1962.
500:
A plaque in honor of
Charlotte and Karl Bühler was unveiled in 1995 at the
716:(Biographical encyclopedia of psychotherapy). Springer, Vienna etc. 2005,
296:Über Gedankenentstehung: Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Denkpsychologie
530:("The fairy tale and the imagination of the child"). Barth, Leipzig 1918.
274:
After graduating from high school in 1913, Charlotte
Malachowski studied
745:
Short biography on the website of the
Charlotte Bühler Institute, Vienna
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431:
and behavioral observations (the "Vienna School"). With her assistant
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55:
656:(Who's Who of Social Work) Freiburg/Breisgau 1998, pp. 115–116.
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Kleinkindertests : Entwicklungstests vom 1. bis 6. Lebensjahr
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have
Charlotte Bühler roads and Vienna has a Charlotte Bühler way.
483:
478:
428:
691:
Charlotte Bühler oder Der Lebenslauf als psychologisches Problem
346:
705:(Contributions to the history of Psychology) 23), (Biography).
678:(Psychology in self-portraits). Vol 1. Huber, Bern etc. 1972,
383:
In 1942 she accepted a position as senior psychologist at the
248:(née Malachowski; December 20, 1893 – February 3, 1974) was a
341:
In March 1938, during a stay in London, she learned of the
554:("Practical child psychology"). Lorenz, Vienna, Leipzig .
399:. After her retirement she went into private practice in
546:
Der menschliche Lebenslauf als psychologisches Problem
444:
Der menschliche Lebenslauf als psychologisches Problem
488:
Plaque dedicated to Karl and Charlotte Bühler at the
674:(Self-portrait). In: Ludwig Pongratz et al. (Eds.):
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Both Bühlers were offered professorships in 1938 by
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306:. In 1920, she completed her habilitation at the
607:Profile at the Charlotte Bühler Institute, Vienna
540:Kindheit und Jugend : Genese des Bewußtseins
290:. In 1918, she received her doctorate from the
330:In 1923, Charlotte Bühler went to teach at the
267:Bühler was born Charlotte Berta Malachowski in
750:Psychology's Feminist Voices: Charlotte Bühler
8:
372:and a position at the Teachers' Academy in
156: 1916–1963)
29:
18:
663:(100th birthday of Charlotte Bühler) In:
661:Zum 100. Geburtstag von Charlotte Bühler.
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588:
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735:Literature by and about Charlotte Bühler
528:Das Märchen und die Phantasie des Kindes
703:Beiträge zur Geschichte der Psychologie
582:
775:German people of Polish-Jewish descent
424:method developed by Charlotte Bühler.
343:occupation of Austria by Nazi Germany
7:
795:American developmental psychologists
810:20th-century American psychologists
667:(Our Youth) 1993, pp. 525–527.
322:, where she died at the age of 80.
714:Personenlexikon der Psychotherapie
676:Psychologie in Selbstdarstellungen
412:In 1922 in Dresden, she published
14:
570:Psychologie im Leben unserer Zeit
397:University of Southern California
310:and became qualified to teach in
294:with a dissertation on the topic
218:University of Southern California
414:Das Seelenleben des Jugendlichen
825:Immigrants to the United States
780:German people of Jewish descent
654:Who is who der Sozialen Arbeit.
435:, who was succeeded in 1927 by
308:Technical University of Dresden
198:Technical University of Dresden
153:
1:
790:American child psychologists
785:American women psychologists
712:. In: Gerhard Stumm et al.:
552:Praktische Kinderpsychologie
385:Minneapolis General Hospital
210:Minneapolis General Hospital
16:German-American psychologist
820:Emigrants from Nazi Germany
815:20th-century American women
389:Los Angeles County Hospital
214:Los Angeles County Hospital
42:Charlotte Berta Malachowski
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770:German women psychologists
257:developmental psychologist
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28:
650:Bühler, Charlotte Berta.
188:Developmental psychology
739:German National Library
633:Lexikon der Psychologie
625:Ulrich M. Fleischmann:
612:April 24, 2013, at the
652:In: Hugo Maier (Ed.):
496:
437:Lotte Schenk-Danzinger
284:University of Freiburg
106:University of Freiburg
487:
456:humanistic psychology
442:In 1933, her work on
326:Academic appointments
129:adolescent psychology
765:German psychologists
629:(Gerontopsychology).
332:University of Vienna
292:University of Munich
288:University of Berlin
202:University of Vienna
114:University of Munich
110:University of Berlin
97:American (1945–1974)
670:Charlotte Bühler:
627:Gerontopsychologie
497:
378:invasion of Norway
370:University of Oslo
354:Fordham University
206:University of Oslo
724:, pp. 77–79.
710:Bühler, Charlotte
672:Selbstdarstellung
448:gerontopsychology
243:
242:
174:Scientific career
133:gerontopsychology
52:December 20, 1893
832:
708:Barbara Reisel:
689:Gerald Bühring:
686:, pp. 9–42.
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648:Manfred Berger:
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433:Hildegard Hetzer
276:natural sciences
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70:February 3, 1974
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194:Institutions
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95:(1893–1945)
82:West Germany
72:(1974-02-03)
805:1974 deaths
800:1893 births
460:Carl Rogers
300:Karl Bühler
160:(his death)
145:Karl Bühler
89:Citizenship
759:Categories
643:References
504:in Vienna.
418:world test
393:Psychiatry
362:Saint Paul
280:humanities
48:1893-12-20
741:catalogue
577:Footnotes
512:Emsdetten
374:Trondheim
366:Minnesota
320:Stuttgart
78:Stuttgart
610:Archived
286:and the
254:American
165:Children
123:Work on
737:in the
508:Dresden
429:diaries
420:" is a
395:at the
282:at the
158:
150:
60:Prussia
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697:
682:
494:Vienna
471:Honors
312:Saxony
269:Berlin
250:German
234:(1918)
232:
225:Thesis
180:Fields
139:Spouse
93:German
56:Berlin
152:(
148:
718:ISBN
695:ISBN
680:ISBN
631:In:
510:and
476:The
462:and
407:Work
347:Oslo
278:and
263:Life
67:Died
38:Born
356:in
761::
585:^
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154:m.
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