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In the United States, she came up with four "basic tendencies" of humans: gratification, self-restricting accommodation, creative expansion, and maintaining internal order. Other ways of expressing these tendencies are: drive for personal satisfaction, adjustment for the purpose of obtaining
348:
In the next few years at Vienna she gained international prestige through her research and publications which led to the development of the "Viennese child psychology school" of
Charlotte Bühler - the spirit of which is still maintained today in the Charlotte Bühler Institute.
457:("The course of human life as a psychological problem") was the first German-language study to include old age among the psychological age spans and to consider gerontopsychology a part of psychology. She is therefore considered an early pioneer in the field of
356:. Karl Bühler was taken into "protective custody" on March 23, 1938 due to his vocal anti-Nazi sentiments. Via connections in Norway, Charlotte Bühler arranged the release of her husband after six and a half weeks, and in October 1938 the family was reunited in
328:
She married Karl Bühler on April 4, 1916. Their daughter
Ingeborg was born in 1917, and their son Rolf in 1919. Karl died in 1963 in Los Angeles, California. She herself fell ill in 1970 and returned in 1971 to live with her children in
345:, where in 1929 she was promoted to the position of associate professor. Both Bühlers worked closely together at this new institution, which provided them with a laboratory to conduct their research.
41:
608:(Equal education for all: The school reformer Otto Glöckel. Epstein was also a place for Karl and Charlotte Bühler). Parliament Correspondence, No. 358, 14 May 2007
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241:Über Gedankenentstehung: Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Denkpsychologie ("On the origin of thought: Experimental studies on the psychology of thought")
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387:. Only after an urgent request by her husband did she emigrate in 1940 to Saint Paul in the United States, where she arrived shortly before the
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427:("The mental life of young people"), in which, for the first time, a developmental perspective was used in adolescent psychology. "Bühler's
830:
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Gleiche
Bildungschancen für alle: Der Schulreformer Otto Glöckel. Das Epstein war auch Wirkungsstätte von Karl und Charlotte Bühler.
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228:
309:("On the origin of thought: Experimental studies on the psychology of thought"). That same year she went to Dresden to work with
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In Vienna, specializing in infant and adolescent psychology, Bühler established a focus on experimental research based on
399:
224:
491:("Charlotte Bühler Institute for practical research on infants"), established in 1992 in Vienna, is named after her.
282:, the elder of two children of Jewish government architect Hermann Malachowski, and his wife Rose (née Kristeller).
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547:(The inner life of the adolescent: An attempt at analysis and theory of mental puberty"). G. Fischer, Jena 1922.
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398:. In 1945 she became an American citizen and moved to Los Angeles, California, as chief psychologist at the
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402:. She held this position until her retirement in 1958; during that time she also served as a professor of
313:, where she continued her research in the fields of child and youth psychology, as well as working on her
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116:
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379:; however, Charlotte Bühler remained in Norway because she had already accepted a professorship at the
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Her list of publications includes 168 works, several of which have been translated into 21 languages.
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Das
Seelenleben des Jugendlichen : Versuch einer Analyse und Theorie der psychischen Pubertät
571:("Child and family: Studies on the interactions of the child with his family"). Fischer, Jena 1937.
704:(Charlotte Bühler or the course of life as a psychological problem). Lang, Frankfurt et al. 2007,
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Kind und
Familie : Untersuchungen der Wechselbeziehungen des Kindes mit seiner Familie
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577:("Infant testing: Developmental testing from 1 up to 6 years of age"). Barth, Munich 1952.
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security, creativity or self-expression, and need for order. She laid the foundations of
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155:
17:
450:, she developed intelligence assessment tests for children which are used to this day.
360:. Because Charlotte Bühler was of Jewish descent they emigrated to the United States.
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411:
371:, which, however, did not materialize. Karl Bühler then accepted a professorship in
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559:("The course of human life as a psychological problem"). Hirzel, Leipzig 1933.
553:("Childhood and adolescence: Origins of consciousness"). Hirzel, Leipzig 1928.
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646:(Encyclopedia of Psychology). Science-online, accessed on 11 February 2011
583:("Psychology in the life of our times") Droemer/Knaur, Munich, Zurich 1962.
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A plaque in honor of
Charlotte and Karl Bühler was unveiled in 1995 at the
727:(Biographical encyclopedia of psychotherapy). Springer, Vienna etc. 2005,
307:Über Gedankenentstehung: Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Denkpsychologie
541:("The fairy tale and the imagination of the child"). Barth, Leipzig 1918.
285:
After graduating from high school in 1913, Charlotte
Malachowski studied
756:
Short biography on the website of the
Charlotte Bühler Institute, Vienna
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and behavioral observations (the "Vienna School"). With her assistant
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66:
667:(Who's Who of Social Work) Freiburg/Breisgau 1998, pp. 115–116.
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Kleinkindertests : Entwicklungstests vom 1. bis 6. Lebensjahr
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have
Charlotte Bühler roads and Vienna has a Charlotte Bühler way.
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489:
439:
702:
Charlotte Bühler oder Der Lebenslauf als psychologisches Problem
357:
716:(Contributions to the history of Psychology) 23), (Biography).
689:(Psychology in self-portraits). Vol 1. Huber, Bern etc. 1972,
394:
In 1942 she accepted a position as senior psychologist at the
259:(née Malachowski; December 20, 1893 – February 3, 1974) was a
352:
In March 1938, during a stay in London, she learned of the
565:("Practical child psychology"). Lorenz, Vienna, Leipzig .
410:. After her retirement she went into private practice in
557:
Der menschliche Lebenslauf als psychologisches Problem
455:
Der menschliche Lebenslauf als psychologisches Problem
499:
Plaque dedicated to Karl and Charlotte Bühler at the
685:(Self-portrait). In: Ludwig Pongratz et al. (Eds.):
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Both Bühlers were offered professorships in 1938 by
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317:. In 1920, she completed her habilitation at the
618:Profile at the Charlotte Bühler Institute, Vienna
551:Kindheit und Jugend : Genese des Bewußtseins
301:. In 1918, she received her doctorate from the
341:In 1923, Charlotte Bühler went to teach at the
278:Bühler was born Charlotte Berta Malachowski in
761:Psychology's Feminist Voices: Charlotte Bühler
8:
383:and a position at the Teachers' Academy in
167: 1916–1963)
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29:
674:(100th birthday of Charlotte Bühler) In:
672:Zum 100. Geburtstag von Charlotte Bühler.
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746:Literature by and about Charlotte Bühler
539:Das Märchen und die Phantasie des Kindes
714:Beiträge zur Geschichte der Psychologie
593:
786:German people of Polish-Jewish descent
435:method developed by Charlotte Bühler.
354:occupation of Austria by Nazi Germany
7:
806:American developmental psychologists
821:20th-century American psychologists
678:(Our Youth) 1993, pp. 525–527.
333:, where she died at the age of 80.
725:Personenlexikon der Psychotherapie
687:Psychologie in Selbstdarstellungen
423:In 1922 in Dresden, she published
25:
581:Psychologie im Leben unserer Zeit
408:University of Southern California
321:and became qualified to teach in
305:with a dissertation on the topic
229:University of Southern California
425:Das Seelenleben des Jugendlichen
836:Immigrants to the United States
791:German people of Jewish descent
665:Who is who der Sozialen Arbeit.
446:, who was succeeded in 1927 by
319:Technical University of Dresden
209:Technical University of Dresden
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1:
801:American child psychologists
796:American women psychologists
723:. In: Gerhard Stumm et al.:
563:Praktische Kinderpsychologie
396:Minneapolis General Hospital
221:Minneapolis General Hospital
27:German-American psychologist
831:Emigrants from Nazi Germany
826:20th-century American women
400:Los Angeles County Hospital
225:Los Angeles County Hospital
53:Charlotte Berta Malachowski
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781:German women psychologists
268:developmental psychologist
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183:
39:
661:Bühler, Charlotte Berta.
199:Developmental psychology
750:German National Library
644:Lexikon der Psychologie
636:Ulrich M. Fleischmann:
623:April 24, 2013, at the
18:Charlotte Bertha Bühler
663:In: Hugo Maier (Ed.):
507:
448:Lotte Schenk-Danzinger
295:University of Freiburg
117:University of Freiburg
498:
467:humanistic psychology
453:In 1933, her work on
337:Academic appointments
140:adolescent psychology
776:German psychologists
640:(Gerontopsychology).
343:University of Vienna
303:University of Munich
299:University of Berlin
213:University of Vienna
125:University of Munich
121:University of Berlin
108:American (1945–1974)
681:Charlotte Bühler:
638:Gerontopsychologie
508:
389:invasion of Norway
381:University of Oslo
365:Fordham University
217:University of Oslo
735:, pp. 77–79.
721:Bühler, Charlotte
683:Selbstdarstellung
459:gerontopsychology
254:
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185:Scientific career
144:gerontopsychology
63:December 20, 1893
16:(Redirected from
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719:Barbara Reisel:
700:Gerald Bühring:
697:, pp. 9–42.
670:Manfred Berger:
659:Manfred Berger:
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106:(1893–1945)
93:West Germany
83:(1974-02-03)
816:1974 deaths
811:1893 births
471:Carl Rogers
311:Karl Bühler
171:(his death)
156:Karl Bühler
100:Citizenship
770:Categories
654:References
515:in Vienna.
429:world test
404:Psychiatry
373:Saint Paul
291:humanities
59:1893-12-20
752:catalogue
588:Footnotes
523:Emsdetten
385:Trondheim
377:Minnesota
331:Stuttgart
89:Stuttgart
621:Archived
297:and the
265:American
176:Children
134:Work on
748:in the
519:Dresden
440:diaries
431:" is a
406:at the
293:at the
169:
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71:Prussia
731:
708:
693:
505:Vienna
482:Honors
323:Saxony
280:Berlin
261:German
245:(1918)
243:
236:Thesis
191:Fields
150:Spouse
104:German
67:Berlin
163:(
159:
729:ISBN
706:ISBN
691:ISBN
642:In:
521:and
487:The
473:and
418:Work
358:Oslo
289:and
274:Life
78:Died
49:Born
367:in
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165:m.
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