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173:(ipRCGs), that are most sensitive to blue light, there was much excitement in the field. Eastman's lab generated the first phase response curve to blue light. They also compared blue-enriched white light boxes with the traditional white fluorescent light boxes and found that the traditional light boxes were already emitting enough blue light for maximal results.
152:(PRCs). Eastman devised an efficient (fewer days and less expensive) method for generating PRCs in humans. PRCs are used to determine when to apply a stimulus such as bright light exposure or melatonin to phase shift circadian rhythms, to determine when the stimulus will make circadian rhythms earlier (phase advance) or later (phase delay).
86:, Her dissertation was titled “Circadian rhythms of temperature, waking, and activity in the rat: dissociations, desynchronizations, and disintegrations.” She then completed a post-doctoral position in the Department of Psychiatry in 1983, also in Rechtscaffen's Sleep Lab at the University of Chicago.
111:
Spontaneous internal desynchronization. Eastman's Ph.D. dissertation included a one oscillator computer model of human circadian rhythms that explained spontaneous internal desynchronization. This model challenged the accepted theory that human circadian rhythms are controlled by two oscillators, one
155:
Melatonin and bright light. Eastman's laboratory has conducted numerous studies using bright light or melatonin or the two combined to phase-shift human subjects in the laboratory. They generated phase response curves to two popular doses of melatonin which showed that for making circadian rhythms
179:
in human circadian rhythms. Eastman discovered that
African-Americans have shorter free-running circadian periods than European-Americans, which is an advantage in our early bird dominated society. This finding also has real-world implications with regards to shift work, jet lag, and
1044:
R. L. Sack, D. Auckley, R. R. Auger, M. A. Carskadon, K. P. Wright, Jr., M. V. Vitiello, et al., "Circadian rhythm sleep disorders: part I, basic principles, shift work and jet lag disorders. An
American Academy of Sleep Medicine review," Sleep, vol. 30, pp. 1460-83, Nov
156:
earlier (phase advances) melatonin was most effective when taken 5–7 hours before bedtime, rather than just before bedtime when most people take it. For making circadian rhythms later (phase delays), melatonin should be taken upon waking.
221:
Crowley SJ, Lee C, Tseng CY, Fogg LF, Eastman CI. Combinations of bright light, scheduled dark, sunglasses, and melatonin to facilitate circadian entrainment to night shift work. Journal of biological rhythms. 2003 Dec;18(6):513-23.
142:
Light
History. Eastman's lab demonstrated that the amount of bright light that people were exposed to in the days before a procedure could affect their sensitivity to the bright lights used in laboratory experiments and
194:
Baehr EK, Revelle W, Eastman CI. Individual differences in the phase and amplitude of the human circadian temperature rhythm: with an emphasis on morningness–eveningness. Journal of sleep research. 2000 Jun;9(2):117-27
102:(RUMC), Chicago, where, in 1987, she founded and became Director of the Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory. She is currently Professor Emeritus in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at RUMC.
217:
Burgess HJ, Sharkey KM, Eastman CI. Bright light, dark and melatonin can promote circadian adaptation in night shift workers. Sleep medicine reviews. 2002 Oct 1;6(5):407-20. (Cited 315 times, according to Google
138:
astronauts to follow before their missions. The purpose of the schedules was to gradually shift the astronauts’ internal circadian clocks until they aligned with the shift work sleep schedules required while on
116:
and one for sleep and wake. Her one oscillator model paved the way for the current established model showing sleep controlled by a single circadian oscillator and a homeostatic component for sleep need.
159:
Jet lag. Eastman's lab demonstrated how to start shifting circadian rhythms before flights (using bright light, sunglasses, sleep schedules and melatonin) to reduce or eliminate jet lag.
162:
Shift work. Eastman has designed sleep and light schedules that reduce the circadian misalignment that is the basis of many of the physical and psychological harms caused by shift work.
146:
Dark length. Her laboratory demonstrated the dramatic effect that sleep length (dark length) has on the magnitude of circadian rhythm phase shifts that can be produced by bright light.
205:
Eastman CI, Young MA, Fogg LF, Liu L, Meaden PM. Bright light treatment of winter depression: a placebo-controlled trial. Archives of general psychiatry. 1998 Oct 1;55(10):883-9.
211:
HĂ©bert M, Martin SK, Lee C, Eastman CI. The effects of prior light history on the suppression of melatonin by light in humans. Journal of pineal research. 2002 Nov;33(4):198-203
362:
R. E. Kronauer, C. A. Czeisler, S. F. Pilato, M. C. Moore-Ede, and E. D. Weitzman, "Mathematical model of the human circadian system with two interacting oscillators,"
1516:
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V. L. Revell, T. A. Molina, and C. I. Eastman, "Human phase response curve to intermittent blue light using a commercially available device,"
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500:
C. I. Eastman, M. A. Young, L. F. Fogg, L. Liu, and P. M. Meaden, "Bright light treatment of winter depression: A placebo-controlled trial,"
410:
312:
67:
375:
C. I. Eastman, "Are separate temperature and activity oscillators necessary to explain the phenomena of human circadian rhythms?," in
75:
339:
1570:
1139:"Combinations of Bright Light, Scheduled Dark, Sunglasses, and Melatonin to Facilitate Circadian Entrainment to Night Shift Work"
1472:
944:
Revell, Victoria L.; Burgess, Helen J.; Gazda, Clifford J.; Smith, Mark R.; Fogg, Louis F.; Eastman, Charmane I. (2006-01-01).
99:
551:
K. A. Smith, M. W. Schoen, and C. A. Czeisler, "Adaptation of human pineal melatonin suppression by recent photic history,"
1275:
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Circadian rhythms of temperature, waking, and activity in the rat: dissociations, desynchronizations, and disintegrations
181:
176:
47:
1113:
567:"The human circadian system adapts to prior photic history: The human circadian system adapts to prior light history"
430:
S. Daan, D. G. Beersma, and A. A. Borbely, "Timing of human sleep: recovery process gated by a circadian pacemaker,"
1300:
63:
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236:
196:
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C. I. Eastman, V. A. Tomaka, and S. J. Crowley, "Sex and ancestry determine the free-running circadian period,"
1560:
1388:"Circadian rhythms of European and African-Americans after a large delay of sleep as in jet lag and night work"
790:"A three pulse phase response curve to three milligrams of melatonin in humans: Melatonin phase response curve"
1251:
514:
538:
K. T. Stewart and C. I. Eastman, "The light stuff: Shiftwork, circadian rhythms, and manned spaceflight," in
1137:
Crowley, Stephanie J.; Lee, Clara; Tseng, Christine Y.; Fogg, Louis F.; Eastman, Charmane I. (2003-12-01).
82:
where she earned an M.S. (1976) and Ph.D. (1980) in biological psychology. Her graduate school advisor was
1575:
1196:"A Compromise Circadian Phase Position for Permanent Night Work Improves Mood, Fatigue, and Performance"
542:, M. F. Holick and E. G. Jung, Eds., ed Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter & Co., 1996, pp. 340-347.
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946:"Advancing Human Circadian Rhythms with Afternoon Melatonin and Morning Intermittent Bright Light"
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In 2012, she received the
Excellence in Applied Circadian Rhythm Research Award from the
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379:, M. C. Moore-Ede and C. A. Czeisler, Eds., ed New York: Raven Press, 1984, pp. 81-103.
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Eastman, Charmane I.; Tomaka, Victoria A.; Crowley, Stephanie J. (December 2016).
1339:"Phase advancing the human circadian clock with blue-enriched polychromatic light"
331:
The circadian system of man : results of experiments under temporal isolation
119:
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD or winter depression). Eastman developed a novel
805:
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in the retina (distinct from rods and cones) called intrinsically photosensitive
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30:
is an
American academic research scientist whose career has focused on studying
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Chang, Anne-Marie; Scheer, Frank A. J. L.; Czeisler, Charles A. (2011-03-01).
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730:"How to Trick Mother Nature into Letting You Fly Around or Stay Up All Night"
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Borbély, Alexander A.; Daan, Serge; Wirz-Justice, Anna; Deboer, Tom (2016).
51:
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Burgess, Helen J.; Revell, Victoria L.; Eastman, Charmane I. (2008-01-15).
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293:"The Phase-Shift Model of Spontaneous Internal Desynchronization in Humans"
291:
Eastman, C. (1982). Aschoff, JĂĽrgen; Daan, Serge; Groos, Gerard A. (eds.).
614:
HĂ©bert, Marc; Martin, Stacia K.; Lee, Clara; Eastman, Charmane I. (2002).
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673:"Short Nights Attenuate Light-Induced Circadian Phase Advances in Humans"
1337:
Smith, Mark R.; Revell, Victoria L.; Eastman, Charmane I. (March 2009).
329:
299:. Proceedings in Life Sciences. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer: 262–267.
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39:
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Smith, Mark R.; Fogg, Louis F.; Eastman, Charmane I. (November 2009).
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Eastman received a B.S. in mathematics with a minor in physics from
98:
offered
Eastman a faculty position in the Psychology Department at
46:. She has also studied winter depression, more properly known as
35:
18:
131:
886:"Human Adolescent Phase Response Curves to Bright White Light"
839:"Entraining the free-running circadian clocks of blind people"
1301:"Light Therapy, Sunglasses May Help Shift Workers | Fox News"
225:(open access) (Cited 272 times, according to Google Scholar.)
214:(open access) (Cited 475 times, according to Google Scholar.)
208:(open access) (Cited 518 times, according to Google Scholar.)
50:(SAD). Of special focus are the effects of bright light and
1527:"Living Legend" article published in journal Sleep Advances
884:
Crowley, Stephanie J.; Eastman, Charmane I. (August 2017).
446:"The two-process model of sleep regulation: a reappraisal"
728:
Revell, Victoria L.; Eastman, Charmane I. (August 2005).
1276:"Sleepless on the night shift? Not just a health issue"
671:
Burgess, Helen J.; Eastman, Charmane I. (August 2005).
123:
treatment that she used to demonstrate the efficacy of
66:
in 1965. Then she worked as a laboratory technician at
950:
The
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
677:
The
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
993:
Eastman, Charmane I.; Burgess, Helen J. (June 2009).
377:
Mathematical Models of the
Circadian Sleep-Wake Cycle
165:
Blue Light. After the discovery of the new mammalian
16:
American academic research scientist in chronobiology
1252:"The Best Sleep Schedule for People Who Work Nights"
515:"Bright ideas help beat the blues as daylight fades"
1474:
Google
Scholar Author page, Accessed Jan. 9 2022
130:NASA shuttle missions. Eastman was commissioned by
78:. Eventually, she attended graduate school at the
397:, New York, NY: Springer New York, pp. 1–35,
553:Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism,
1512:Faculty profile, Rush University Medical Center
263:Faculty profile, Rush University Medical Center
1056:"The Scientific Secrets to Preventing Jet Lag"
1081:"Righting the Body's Clock Through Chemicals"
198:(open access) (Cited 690 times, according to
8:
261:Official Profile at University of Chicago]
1522:National Library of Medicine bibliography
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995:"How to Travel the World Without Jet Lag"
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389:Daan, Serge (2010), Albrecht, Urs (ed.),
391:"A History of Chronobiological Concepts"
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1517:Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory
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76:University of California at Berkeley
1114:"Stopping Jet Lag Before It Starts"
134:to create light/dark schedules for
1327:vol. 590, pp. 4859-68, Oct 1 2012.
837:Eastman, Charmane (October 2015).
14:
1551:University at Albany, SUNY alumni
106:Summary of selected contributions
632:10.1034/j.1600-079X.2002.01885.x
434:vol. 246, pp. R161-83, Feb 1984.
502:Archives of General Psychiatry,
364:American Journal of Physiology,
112:for physiological rhythms like
1079:Pollack, Andrew (2010-01-06).
540:Biologic Effects of Light 1995
274:Eastman, Charmane Ina (1980).
100:Rush University Medical Center
1:
1143:Journal of Biological Rhythms
890:Journal of Biological Rhythms
855:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61451-9
734:Journal of Biological Rhythms
555:vol. 89, pp. 3610-3614, 2004.
334:. New York: Springer-Verlag.
1566:University of Chicago alumni
1485:"Lifetime Achievement Award"
806:10.1113/jphysiol.2007.143180
583:10.1113/jphysiol.2010.201194
305:10.1007/978-3-642-68651-1_29
297:Vertebrate Circadian Systems
182:delayed sleep phase syndrome
23:photo of Dr. Eastman in 2011
1454:vol. 26, pp. 547-550, 2017.
1355:10.1016/j.sleep.2008.05.005
504:vol. 55, pp. 883-889, 1998.
403:10.1007/978-1-4419-1262-6_1
48:seasonal affective disorder
34:and their relationships to
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1452:Journal of Sleep Research,
1011:10.1016/j.jsmc.2009.02.006
620:Journal of Pineal Research
366:vol. 242, pp. R3-R17, 1982
1489:National Sleep Foundation
794:The Journal of Physiology
571:The Journal of Physiology
450:Journal of Sleep Research
328:Wever, RĂĽtger A. (1979).
237:National Sleep Foundation
1534:publications indexed by
1212:10.1093/sleep/32.11.1481
1156:10.1177/0748730403258422
902:10.1177/0748730417713423
746:10.1177/0748730405277233
58:Background and education
1571:Rush University faculty
189:Most cited publications
999:Sleep Medicine Clinics
171:retinal ganglion cells
54:on circadian rhythms.
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150:Phase Response Curves
80:University of Chicago
22:
962:10.1210/jc.2005-1009
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689:10.1210/jc.2005-0536
125:bright light therapy
1404:2016NatSR...636716E
395:The Circadian Clock
127:for this condition.
96:Rosalind Cartwright
84:Allan Rechtschaffen
1392:Scientific Reports
1085:The New York Times
177:Racial differences
25:
1412:10.1038/srep36716
1206:(11): 1481–1489.
521:. 19 October 2003
463:10.1111/jsr.12371
412:978-1-4419-1261-9
314:978-3-642-68651-1
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