314:, Hilaria Cruz, Eric Campbell, Justin McIntosh, Jeffrey Rasch, Ryan Sullivant, Stéphanie Villard, and Tony Woodbury. They began the Chatino Documentation Project in the summer of 2003 hoping to document and preserve the Chatino Language and its dialects. Using audio and video recordings they have been able to document the language during everyday life interactions. Up until 2003, Chatino was an oral language, with no written form. After beginning the Chatino Documentation project, the team began to create a written form of the Chatino Language. This transition has created more resources for revitalization projects. They hope the resources they have made will soon be used to create educational materials like books to help the Chatino people be able to read and write their language.
162:
237:
no evidence for subgrouping or further division based on shared innovations. This division mirrors the divisions reported by Boas (1913), based on speaker comments, that
Chatino comprised three "dialects" with limited mutual intelligibility. Sullivant (2016) finds that Teojomulco is the most divergent variety.
229:
criterion.) These were
Tataltepec, Zacatepec, Panixtlahuaca, and the Highlands dialects, with Zenzontepec not tested but based on other studies believed to be completely unintelligible with the rest of the Chatino languages. The Highlands dialects fall into three groups, largely foreshadowing the divisions in
564:
There is also a morphological causative in
Chatino, expressed by the causative prefix /x-/, /xa-/, /y/, or by the palatalization of the first consonant. The choice of prefix appears to be partially determined by the first consonant of the verb, though there are some irregular cases. The prefix /x/
236:
Campbell (2013), in a study based on shared innovations rather than mutual intelligibility, first divides
Chatino into two groups: Zenzontepec and Coastal Chatino. He then divides Coastal Chatino into Tataltepec and Eastern Chatino. His Eastern Chatino contains all the other varieties, and he finds
223:
The
Chatino languages are a group of three languages: Zenzontepec Chatino, spoken in about 10 communities in the district of Sola de Vega; Tataltepec Chatino, spoken in Tataltepec de Valdés; and a group of dialects collectively called the Eastern Chatino language, spoken in about 15–17 communities.
1181:
had trained medical interpreters bilingual in
Chatino as well as in Spanish; in March 2014, Natividad Medical Foundation launched Indigenous Interpreting+, "a community and medical interpreting business specializing in indigenous languages from Mexico and Central and South America," including
228:
tests on the basis of which they concluded that four varieties of
Chatino could be considered separate languages with respect to mutual intelligibility, with 80% intelligibility being needed for varieties to be considered part of the same language. (The same count resulted from a looser 70%
282:
The
Mexican Secretariat of Education uses a four risk scale to measure endangered languages. The lowest is no immediate risk of disappearance, then medium risk, high risk, and lastly very high risk of disappearance. Currently, Chatino dialects vary from high risk of disappearance
1437:
350:
Chatino languages have some regular alternations between transitive and intransitive verbs. In general this change is shown by altering the first consonant of the root, as in the following examples from
Tataltepec Chatino:
1155:
928:
This aspect is indicated by palatalization in the first consonant of the potential form of the verb. If the potential is already a palatalized consonant, the imperative is the same, e.g.:
1445:
838:
Roots that take /n-/ or /nd-/ in the habitual have the same in the continuative plus palatalization; roots that have /n-/ plus palatalization in the habitual have /ndya-/, e.g.
1520:
310:
In an effort to help revitalize the
Chatino language, a team of linguists and professors came together to make The Chatino Language Documentation Project. The team included
1548:
3167:
1257:
Pride, Leslie and Kitty. 1970. Vocabulario Chatino de Tataltepec. Serie de vocabularios indigenas mariano silva y aceves, no. 15. Summer Institute of Linguistics.
2581:
1393:
1248:
3162:
1512:
1371:
1541:
1358:"Cuadro 9: Variantes linguĂsticas segĂşn riesgo de desapariciĂłn" [Table 9: Linguistic variants according to risk of disappearance].
1223:
Campbell, Eric. 2013. "The Internal Diversification and Subgrouping of Chatino," International Journal of American Linguistics 79:395–420.
2373:
1516:
1513:
Audio recordings of narratives, ceremonies, conversations, music, etc. in Amialtepec, San Juan Quiahije, Yolotepec, and Zacatepec Chatino
1762:
174:
2535:
876:
This is indicated with the prefix /ngu-/, and verbs that start with /cu-, cui-, qui-/ change to /ngu-/ and /ngĂĽi-/ in the completive:
333:
Tone letters in many varieties of Western Highlands Chatino are capital letters A through L. These have dedicated Unicode characters (
2574:
1237:: The story and methods of the Chatino Language Documentation Project. Language Documentation & Conservation 8: 490—524.
2203:
1359:
1502:
1344:
3157:
1534:
2530:
2896:
2567:
2423:
1266:
Villard S. Grammatical sketch of Zacatepec Chatino. Master's thesis, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas. 2008.
249:
1263:
Sullivant, J. Ryan. 2016. "Reintroducing Teojomulco Chatino," International Journal of American Linguistics 82:393–423.
764:
This is indicated by the prefixes /n-, nd-, l-/ and /n-/ with palatalization of the first consonant of the root, e.g.:
3117:
1767:
1362:[Mexico. National indigenous languages at risk of disappearance: Linguistic variants by degree of risk. 2000]
257:
241:
1408:
565:
occurs before some roots that start with one of the following consonants: /c, qu, ty/ or with the vowels /u,a/, e.g.
3152:
266:
2846:
2458:
2388:
1772:
1735:
1658:
2798:
1360:
MĂ©xico. Lenguas indĂgenas nacionales en riesgo de desapariciĂłn: Variantes lingĂĽĂsticas por grado de riesgo. 2000
3107:
3031:
2935:
2821:
1802:
1207:
1174:
2398:
1787:
1438:"Natividad Medical Foundation Announces Indigenous Interpreting+ Community and Medical Interpreting Business"
2876:
2866:
1782:
1467:
2718:
2473:
2193:
2125:
1683:
1557:
1260:
Rasch, Jeffrey Walker. 2002. The basic morpho-syntax of Yaitepec Chatino. Ph.D. thesis. Rice University.
334:
327:
225:
182:
2906:
3122:
3102:
3026:
2723:
2675:
2625:
1749:
1306:
1203:
2695:
2498:
2130:
1220:
Boas, Franz. 1913. "Notes on the Chatino language of Mexico," American Anthropologist, n.s., 15:78–86.
2886:
2753:
1819:
1696:
1572:
1299:
972:
This aspect is indicated by the particle /cua/, which is written as a separate word in Pride (1965).
3112:
3021:
2976:
2961:
2921:
2836:
2768:
2713:
2660:
2655:
2590:
2463:
2383:
2284:
2177:
2109:
2099:
2094:
1922:
1912:
1905:
1900:
1882:
1797:
1178:
1163:
178:
131:
95:
2198:
2916:
2861:
2640:
2408:
2345:
2327:
2297:
2239:
2172:
2135:
2089:
1853:
1844:
1792:
136:
126:
2951:
2216:
2057:
2036:
1979:
1974:
1653:
1366:(Report) (in Spanish). MĂ©xico D.F.: Instituto Nacional de Lenguas IndĂgenas. 2012. p. 113.
3061:
2991:
2956:
2941:
2881:
2871:
2851:
2803:
2778:
2690:
2665:
2645:
2488:
2478:
2448:
2433:
2403:
2353:
2254:
2249:
2104:
2000:
1969:
1947:
1834:
1828:
1691:
1581:
1367:
1302:
1295:
1291:
1226:
Cruz, Emiliana. 2004. The phonological patterns and orthography of San Juan Quiahije Chatino.
1191:
121:
3081:
3076:
3041:
3011:
2946:
2901:
2841:
2733:
2685:
2670:
2635:
2630:
2503:
2493:
2418:
2363:
2292:
2259:
2221:
2084:
2041:
2031:
2026:
1984:
1895:
1777:
1710:
1668:
1603:
1598:
1590:
1328:
1251:: Resultado de algunos sondeos. Mexico City: Instituto LingĂĽĂstico de Verano (1983 reprint).
1049:
Chatino languages usually have VSO as their predominant order, as in the following example:
740:
736:
208:
116:
3086:
3066:
3056:
3046:
3036:
3016:
2981:
2926:
2856:
2831:
2758:
2743:
2728:
2615:
2510:
2468:
2453:
2428:
2393:
2358:
2335:
2309:
2279:
2211:
2021:
1890:
1860:
1807:
1628:
1622:
1506:
1187:
1183:
758:
The majority of the verbs have no potential prefix, and its absence indicates this aspect.
262:
185:
85:
2483:
2438:
3071:
2971:
2911:
2788:
2773:
2680:
2650:
2550:
2413:
2302:
2167:
2162:
1643:
1638:
1613:
204:
189:
52:
161:
152:
3146:
2966:
2891:
2826:
2793:
2763:
2748:
2378:
2368:
2244:
2005:
1729:
1723:
1718:
1673:
1663:
1648:
1499:
311:
211:
form the other branch of the Zapotecan language family. Chatinos call their language
193:
2931:
2783:
2443:
1633:
90:
3134:
Note: The list of official languages is ordered by decreasing size of population.
17:
2986:
1493:
1757:
146:
330:'ꞌ'. The last can be confused with the tone letter '' in a non-serif font.
1416:
269:, Lachao-Yolotepec, Yaitepec, Panixtlahuaca, Quiahije and Nopala dialects)
1526:
1254:
Pride, Kitty. 1965. Chatino syntax. SIL Publications in Linguistics #12.
2620:
2559:
1242:
Linguistic poetic and rhetoric of Eastern Chatino of San Juan Quiahije
682:
The prefix /xa/ is put before certain roots that begin with /t/, e.g.
322:
The glottal stop is variously written as a 'q' (as here), a '7', IPA '
3051:
1167:
298:
chatino oriental alto, chatino oriental bajo, chatino occidental alto
197:
68:
64:
1249:
La inteligibilidad interdialectal de las lenguas indĂgenas de MĂ©xico
1234:
1340:
1159:
323:
192:, whose communities are located in the southern portion of the
2563:
1530:
1247:
Egland, Steven, Doris Bartholomew & SaĂşl Cruz Ramos. 1978.
1139:
1057:
711:
Palatalization occurs in some roots that begin with /t/, e.g.
203:
The Chatinos have close cultural and linguistic ties with the
1509:
at the website of the Chatino Language Documentation Project
1409:"Salinas hospital to train indigenous-language interpreters"
1394:"Sobre el Proyecto de la documentaciĂłn del idioma chatino"
1286:
means 'word', but Chatinos do not agree on the meaning of
215:. Chatino is recognized as a national language in Mexico.
1468:"Indigenous Interpreting Program Aims to be Far Reaching"
1396:. Chatino Language Documentation Project. 16 August 2021.
1032:
1014:
996:
986:
976:
958:
950:
940:
932:
912:
902:
890:
880:
862:
852:
842:
822:
812:
800:
790:
778:
768:
751:
Pride (1965) reports eight aspects in Yaitepec Chatino.
723:
715:
698:
688:
669:
659:
647:
637:
625:
615:
603:
593:
581:
571:
549:
542:
530:
523:
511:
504:
492:
485:
473:
466:
454:
447:
435:
428:
416:
409:
397:
390:
378:
371:
1142:-give the dog lazy one tortilla Spanish to the coyote
1298:
it means 'spicy'. Its meaning is not recoverable in
3095:
3004:
2812:
2704:
2606:
2597:
2523:
2344:
2326:
2272:
2232:
2186:
2155:
2148:
2118:
2077:
2070:
2050:
2014:
1993:
1962:
1955:
1946:
1930:
1921:
1881:
1874:
1843:
1818:
1748:
1709:
1682:
1612:
1589:
1580:
1571:
1564:
1329:
Lenguas indĂgenas y hablantes de 3 años y más, 2020
684:
567:
353:
145:
110:
84:
74:
58:
48:
32:
1154:Chatino-language programming is carried by the
1145:'The lazy dog gave a sweetbread to the coyote.'
177:languages. These languages are a branch of the
735:The alternations seen here are similar to the
2575:
1542:
1244:(Ph.D thesis, University of Texas at Austin).
1235:Finding a way into a family of tone languages
1233:Cruz, Emiliana and Anthony C Woodbury. 2014.
1210:villages of San Juan Quiahije and Cieneguilla
302:
296:
290:
284:
8:
868:'The people of this town are sowing chile.'
27:Indigenous Mesoamerican languages of Mexico
2603:
2582:
2568:
2560:
2152:
2074:
1959:
1952:
1927:
1878:
1586:
1577:
1568:
1549:
1535:
1527:
1331:INEGI. Censo de PoblaciĂłn y Vivienda 2020.
1290:. For communities such as Zenzontepec, in
1228:University of Texas Masters Thesis. Austin
224:Egland & Bartholomew (1983) conducted
1136:N-da nu xniq ndaha ska ha xtlya qi nu qo.
1321:
1276:
858:'The people of this town are grazing.'
29:
1517:Chatino Documentation of Hilaria Cruz
188:. They are natively spoken by 45,000
109:
7:
1346:MĂ©xico: Lenguas indĂgenas nacionales
828:'The people of this town sow chile.'
346:Transitive-Intransitive alternations
2536:Classification of Mixtec languages
1500:Resources on the Chatino languages
896:'Someone put the box on the table'
25:
848:'is putting the box on the table'
160:
1466:Almanzan, Krista (2014-03-27).
806:'The people of this town graze'
3163:Indigenous languages of Mexico
2531:List of Oto-Manguean languages
1:
3168:Verb–subject–object languages
1407:Melissa Flores (2012-01-23).
1444:. 2014-03-07. Archived from
864:Ndyata nguq quichi re quiña'
854:Ndyuqni nguq cuqna quichi re
3118:Plains Indian Sign Language
1294:, it means 'low', while in
802:Nduqni nguq cuqna quichi re
784:'puts the box on the table'
3184:
1020:'The door will be opened.'
824:Ntya nguq quichi re quiña'
724:
716:
699:
689:
670:
660:
648:
638:
626:
616:
604:
594:
582:
572:
550:
543:
531:
524:
512:
505:
493:
486:
474:
467:
455:
448:
436:
429:
417:
410:
398:
391:
379:
372:
3131:
2544:
1763:Chiltepec-Tlacoatzintepec
159:
86:Linguistic classification
80:52,000 (2020 census)
37:
3108:Albarradas Sign Language
2204:Western Tlacolula Valley
1208:Western Highland Chatino
1175:Natividad Medical Center
918:'The teacher taught it.'
295:) to no immediate risk (
1496:at native-languages.org
1494:Chatino Indian Language
1033:
1015:
997:
987:
977:
959:
951:
941:
933:
913:
903:
892:Ngu-sta chcubi loo mesa
891:
881:
863:
853:
843:
823:
813:
801:
791:
779:
769:
292:chatino occidental bajo
175:indigenous Mesoamerican
3158:Oto-Manguean languages
1659:Estado de MĂ©xico Otomi
1558:Oto-Manguean languages
560:Causative alternations
303:
297:
291:
285:
226:mutual intelligibility
3123:Chatino Sign Language
3103:Mexican Sign Language
2424:Mitlatongo-Yutanduchi
2374:Atatláhuca–San Miguel
1307:Santa Maria Yolotepec
1240:Cruz, Hilaria. 2015.
1204:Chatino Sign Language
844:Nxtya chcubi loo mesa
737:causative alternation
588:'bathe' (transitive)
780:nsta chcubi loo mesa
739:seen in the related
732:(Pride 1970: 95–96)
705:'to stop something'
578:'bathe' (reflexive)
286:chatino de Zacatepec
3113:Mayan Sign Language
2591:Languages of Mexico
1179:Salinas, California
1164:Santiago Jamiltepec
1038:'The door is open.'
1026:passive completive
132:Zenzontepec Chatino
2724:Chontal de Tabasco
2459:San Miguel Piedras
2389:Chayuco-Jamiltepec
2208:Extended Ocotepec
1505:2015-06-01 at the
914:Nguluqu mstru jiqi
600:'dry' (reflexive)
289:) to medium risk (
181:family within the
137:Teojomulco Chatino
127:Tataltepec Chatino
3153:Chatino languages
3140:
3139:
3000:
2999:
2822:Chontal of Oaxaca
2557:
2556:
2551:extinct languages
2519:
2518:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2268:
2267:
2144:
2143:
2066:
2065:
1870:
1869:
1744:
1743:
1705:
1704:
1604:Michoacán Mazahua
1373:978-607-7538-57-8
1296:Santiago Yaitepec
1292:San Juan Quiahije
1158:'s radio station
1008:passive potential
741:Zapotec languages
709:
708:
680:
679:
557:
556:
168:
167:
122:Zacatepec Chatino
18:Chatino languages
16:(Redirected from
3175:
2847:Chichimeca Jonaz
2604:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2561:
2153:
2075:
1960:
1953:
1928:
1879:
1861:Chorotega/Mangue
1736:Chichimeca Jonaz
1669:Texcatepec Otomi
1587:
1578:
1569:
1551:
1544:
1537:
1528:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1415:. Archived from
1404:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1365:
1355:
1349:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1310:
1281:
1141:
1059:
1036:
1034:Ndyaala tonqniqi
1018:
1000:
990:
980:
962:
954:
944:
938:'will slacken',
936:
916:
908:'will teach it'
906:
894:
884:
866:
856:
846:
826:
816:
804:
794:
782:
772:
727:
726:
719:
718:
702:
701:
692:
691:
685:
673:
672:
663:
662:
651:
650:
641:
640:
629:
628:
619:
618:
607:
606:
597:
596:
585:
584:
575:
574:
568:
553:
552:
546:
545:
534:
533:
527:
526:
515:
514:
508:
507:
496:
495:
489:
488:
477:
476:
470:
469:
458:
457:
451:
450:
439:
438:
432:
431:
420:
419:
413:
412:
401:
400:
394:
393:
382:
381:
375:
374:
354:
336:
306:
300:
294:
288:
254:Coastal Chatino
164:
155:
117:Highland Chatino
30:
21:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3127:
3091:
2996:
2936:whistled speech
2814:
2808:
2744:Sierra Popoluca
2706:
2700:
2608:
2599:
2593:
2588:
2558:
2553:
2540:
2515:
2474:Southern Puebla
2340:
2314:
2264:
2228:
2182:
2140:
2114:
2062:
2046:
2010:
1989:
1942:
1917:
1866:
1839:
1814:
1773:Lalana-Tepinapa
1740:
1701:
1678:
1654:Querétaro Otomi
1629:Mezquital Otomi
1623:Classical Otomi
1608:
1599:Central Mazahua
1560:
1555:
1507:Wayback Machine
1490:
1485:
1476:
1474:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1451:
1449:
1448:on Mar 13, 2014
1436:
1435:
1431:
1422:
1420:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1217:
1200:
1152:
1147:
1134:
1126:
1118:
1110:
1102:
1094:
1086:
1078:
1070:
1062:
1047:
1016:Tyaala tonqniqi
946:'let it loose!'
749:
562:
348:
343:
320:
304:chatino central
280:
263:Eastern Chatino
221:
186:language family
151:
77:
76:Native speakers
60:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3181:
3179:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3145:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3099:
3097:
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3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3008:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2877:Western Apache
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
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2705:10,000-100,000
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2399:Chigmecatitlán
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2187:Western Valley
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2165:
2159:
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2156:Trans-Yautepec
2150:
2146:
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2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2126:Coatecas Altas
2122:
2120:
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2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2072:
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1644:Highland Otomi
1641:
1639:Acazulco Otomi
1636:
1631:
1626:
1618:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1595:
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1497:
1489:
1488:External links
1486:
1484:
1483:
1458:
1429:
1413:HealthyCal.org
1399:
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1206:, used in the
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983:
967:
966:
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947:
923:
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920:
919:
899:
898:
897:
886:'will put it'
871:
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859:
849:
833:
832:
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808:
807:
787:
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730:
729:
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707:
706:
703:
696:
695:'is stopping'
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278:Revitalization
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205:Zapotec people
190:Chatino people
173:is a group of
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53:Chatino people
50:
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2013:
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2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:Sierra Juárez
1961:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1926:
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1730:Southern Pame
1727:
1725:
1724:Northern Pame
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1674:Ixtenco Otomi
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1664:Temoaya Otomi
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1649:Tenango Otomi
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
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1632:
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1627:
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1492:
1491:
1487:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1459:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1419:on 2012-01-29
1418:
1414:
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1403:
1400:
1395:
1389:
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1375:
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1219:
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1214:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1173:In 2012, the
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1150:Use and media
1149:
1146:
1143:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1125:
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1117:
1114:
1109:
1106:
1101:
1098:
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1085:
1082:
1077:
1074:
1069:
1066:
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1055:
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1037:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1001:
999:
998:cua ndya ngu'
994:
991:
989:
984:
981:
979:
974:
973:
971:
968:
963:
961:
956:'will cut',
955:
953:
948:
945:
943:
937:
935:
930:
929:
927:
924:
917:
915:
910:
909:
907:
905:
900:
895:
893:
888:
887:
885:
883:
878:
877:
875:
872:
867:
865:
860:
857:
855:
850:
847:
845:
840:
839:
837:
834:
827:
825:
820:
819:
817:
815:
810:
805:
803:
798:
797:
795:
793:
788:
783:
781:
776:
775:
774:'puts it in'
773:
771:
766:
765:
763:
760:
757:
754:
753:
752:
746:
744:
742:
738:
733:
722:
714:
713:
712:
704:
697:
694:
687:
686:
683:
675:
668:
665:
658:
657:
653:
646:
644:'is put out'
643:
636:
635:
631:
624:
621:
614:
613:
609:
602:
599:
592:
591:
587:
580:
577:
570:
569:
566:
559:
548:
541:
538:
537:
529:
522:
519:
518:
510:
503:
500:
499:
491:
484:
481:
480:
472:
465:
462:
461:
453:
446:
443:
442:
434:
427:
424:
423:
415:
408:
405:
404:
396:
389:
386:
385:
377:
370:
367:
366:
363:intransitive
362:
359:
356:
355:
352:
345:
340:
338:
331:
329:
325:
317:
315:
313:
312:Emiliana Cruz
308:
305:
299:
293:
287:
277:
268:
264:
261:
259:
256:
255:
253:
251:
248:
247:
246:Core Chatino
245:
243:
240:
239:
238:
234:
232:
227:
218:
216:
214:
210:
206:
201:
199:
195:
194:Mexican state
191:
187:
184:
180:
176:
172:
163:
158:
154:
150:
148:
144:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
114:
113:
102:
99:
98:
97:
94:
93:
92:
89:
87:
83:
79:
73:
70:
66:
63:
57:
54:
51:
47:
44:
40:
36:
31:
19:
3133:
3027:Plautdietsch
3005:Non-official
2813:Under 10,000
2738:
2636:Tzotzil Maya
2631:Tzeltal Maya
2626:Yucatec Maya
2546:
2464:Silacayoapan
2384:Cacaloxtepec
2078:Cis-Yautepec
1937:
1859:
1852:
1827:
1728:
1719:Central Pame
1684:Matlatzincan
1634:Tilapa Otomi
1621:
1475:. Retrieved
1471:
1461:
1450:. Retrieved
1446:the original
1442:Market Wired
1441:
1432:
1421:. Retrieved
1417:the original
1412:
1402:
1388:
1377:. Retrieved
1353:
1345:
1336:
1324:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1241:
1227:
1215:Bibliography
1172:
1153:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1107:
1104:
1099:
1096:
1091:
1088:
1083:
1080:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1064:
1056:
1053:
1048:
1031:
1025:
1013:
1007:
995:
985:
975:
969:
957:
949:
939:
931:
925:
911:
901:
889:
879:
873:
861:
851:
841:
836:continuative
835:
821:
811:
799:
792:nduqni cuqna
789:
777:
767:
761:
755:
750:
734:
731:
710:
681:
666:'is buried'
627:nxtyuqu jiqi
605:xquityi jiqi
563:
349:
335:ᴬᴮꟲᴰᴱꟳᴳᴴᴵᴶᴷᴸ
332:
321:
309:
281:
235:
230:
222:
212:
202:
183:Oto-Manguean
170:
169:
111:Subdivisions
100:
91:Oto-Manguean
61:distribution
42:
38:
2887:Matlatzinca
2719:Tojol-abĘĽal
2499:YoloxĂłchitl
2409:Cuyamecalco
2194:Chichicápam
2178:Quiavicuzas
2110:Tlacolulita
1803:Tepetotutla
1750:Chinantecan
1697:Matlatzinca
1162:, based in
988:cua tyee ti
720:'will give'
622:'is alive'
610:'dry' (tr)
501:'frighten'
360:transitive
318:Orthography
250:Zenzontepec
213:chaqęźł tnyaá´¶
43:Chaqęźł tnyaá´¶
3147:Categories
3022:Portuguese
2922:Texistepec
2857:Chocholtec
2837:Chiricahua
2799:QĘĽanjobĘĽal
2714:Tarahumara
2600:Indigenous
2489:Tilantongo
2479:Soyaltepec
2404:Coatzospan
2298:Texmelucan
2240:Albarradas
2173:Lachiguiri
2136:Ozolotepec
2131:Miahuatlán
2090:Quiegolani
1820:Tlapanecan
1573:Oto-Pamean
1477:2014-04-06
1452:2014-03-13
1423:2012-08-05
1379:2023-02-28
1317:References
1300:San Marcos
992:'is ended'
982:'will end'
970:perfective
960:xiqyu jiqi
942:xatiq jiqi
926:imperative
874:completive
728:'will pay'
654:'put out'
583:xcatá jiqi
406:'put out'
341:Morphology
258:Tataltepec
242:Teojomulco
231:Ethnologue
59:Geographic
2917:Kaqchikel
2897:Mezcalero
2862:Pima Bajo
2769:Popolocan
2696:Purépecha
2676:Chinantec
2598:Official/
2549:indicate
2504:Zacatepec
2494:Tututepec
2419:Ixtayutla
2364:Amoltepec
2289:Papabuco
2255:Ayoquezco
2250:Antequera
1923:Zapotecan
1913:Popolocan
1906:varieties
1883:Popolocan
1854:Chiapanec
1798:Sochiapam
1758:Chinantec
1515:from the
1472:90.3 KAZU
1303:Zacatepec
1182:Chatino,
1002:'is gone'
964:'cut it!'
756:potential
573:catá chcu
387:'finish'
368:'change'
267:Zacatepec
219:Varieties
209:languages
179:Zapotecan
147:Glottolog
96:Zapotecan
49:Ethnicity
3062:Japanese
3032:Venetian
2992:Awakatek
2987:Ayapanec
2882:Jakaltek
2872:LacandĂłn
2852:HuarijĂo
2815:speakers
2779:Cuicatec
2754:Tepehuán
2707:speakers
2691:Tlapanec
2609:speakers
2607:100,000+
2469:Sindihui
2454:Pinotepa
2429:Mixtepec
2394:Chazumba
2354:Cuicatec
2346:Mixtecan
2328:Amuzgoan
2293:Elotepec
2285:LachixĂo
2260:Quiatoni
2222:Zaachila
2100:XanaguĂa
2095:LapaguĂa
2085:Mixtepec
2071:Southern
2032:Yatzachi
2027:Zoogocho
1985:Abejones
1956:Northern
1845:Manguean
1835:Tlapanec
1829:Subtiaba
1793:Palantla
1788:OzumacĂn
1768:Highland
1692:Tlahuica
1503:Archived
1198:See also
1100:tortilla
1028:/ndya-/
796:'graze'
762:habitual
632:'waken'
544:nchquiqi
539:'roast'
525:nchquiña
513:nchcutsi
463:'throw'
430:nchcutsi
425:'scare'
328:saltillo
326:', or a
207:, whose
153:chat1268
3082:Chinese
3077:Italian
3042:Catalan
3012:English
2977:CochimĂ
2907:KĘĽicheĘĽ
2902:Ixcatec
2867:QĘĽeqchĂ
2842:Tacuate
2804:Tepehua
2739:Chatino
2734:Huichol
2686:Mazahua
2671:Huastec
2661:Mazatec
2656:Totonac
2646:Zapotec
2621:Nahuatl
2616:Spanish
2547:Italics
2449:Peñasco
2414:Estetla
2310:Solteco
2280:El Alto
2217:Ocotlán
2212:Isthmus
2149:Central
2058:Choápam
2037:Yalálag
2022:Cajonos
2015:Cajonos
1980:YavesĂa
1975:Aloápam
1948:Zapotec
1938:Chatino
1931:Chatino
1901:Mazatec
1896:Ixcatec
1875:Eastern
1783:Ojitlán
1591:Mazahua
1582:Otomian
1565:Western
1343:(2012)
1192:Zapotec
1108:Spanish
1010:/tya-/
676:'bury'
661:tyatsiq
639:ndyubiq
520:'move'
506:ntyutsi
494:ndyatsi
482:'bury'
468:nchcuaa
444:'melt'
437:ntyutsi
418:ndyubiq
265:(incl.
171:Chatino
101:Chatino
39:Chaqcña
33:Chatino
3087:German
3067:Korean
3057:Romani
3052:Arabic
3047:Hebrew
3037:Basque
3017:French
2982:Kiliwa
2972:Olutec
2962:Pápago
2957:Kumiai
2952:QatoĘĽk
2947:Cucapá
2932:KikapĂş
2927:Paipai
2832:Akatek
2759:Triqui
2729:Amuzgo
2641:Mixtec
2511:Trique
2379:Ayutla
2369:Apoala
2359:Mixtec
2336:Amuzgo
2303:Zaniza
2168:Petapa
2163:Guevea
2119:Coatec
2105:Xánica
2001:RincĂłn
1994:RincĂłn
1970:Ixtlán
1891:Chocho
1778:Lealao
1711:Pamean
1370:
1190:, and
1188:Trique
1184:Mixtec
1168:Oaxaca
1132:coyote
1045:Syntax
904:culuqu
818:'sow'
747:Aspect
700:nxatuu
671:xatsiq
649:nxubiq
617:ndyuqu
595:quityi
551:nguiqi
532:nguiña
487:nxatsi
475:ndyalu
456:ndyalá
411:nxubiq
380:nchaqa
373:ntsaqa
357:gloss
301:, and
198:Oaxaca
69:Mexico
65:Oaxaca
3072:Greek
2912:Lipan
2789:Yaqui
2774:Huave
2666:ChĘĽol
2651:OtomĂ
2524:Lists
2484:Tidaá
2444:Nuyoo
2439:Nuxaá
2273:Other
2245:Mitla
2233:Other
2199:Güilá
2051:Other
2042:Tabaá
2006:Yatee
1808:Usila
1614:Otomi
1521:AILLA
1364:(PDF)
1341:INALI
1288:tnyaá´¶
1284:chaqęźł
1271:Notes
1160:XEJAM
1105:xtlya
1081:ndaha
1060:-give
952:xiqyu
934:sati'
449:nxalá
399:ndyee
392:ntyee
3096:Sign
2967:Ixil
2942:Teko
2892:Seri
2827:Chuj
2794:Pame
2764:Cora
2749:Mayo
2681:Mixe
2434:Ă‘umĂ
1368:ISBN
1084:lazy
1073:xniq
1054:N-da
978:tyee
814:ntya
770:nsta
725:tyaa
690:nduu
2784:Mam
1519:at
1305:or
1177:of
1156:CDI
1140:CON
1129:qo.
1124:the
1092:one
1089:ska
1076:dog
1068:the
1058:CON
882:sta
717:taa
337:).
307:).
196:of
3149::
1470:.
1440:.
1411:.
1194:.
1186:,
1170:.
1166:,
1121:nu
1116:to
1113:qi
1097:ha
1065:nu
743:.
233:.
200:.
67:,
41:,
2938:)
2934:(
2583:e
2576:t
2569:v
1550:e
1543:t
1536:v
1523:.
1480:.
1455:.
1426:.
1382:.
1309:.
1230:.
324:Ę”
283:(
139:â€
20:)
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