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349:-style learning is particularly suited to Talmud study, as the latter is a text filled with conflicting opinions and seemingly contradictory statements on principles of Jewish law. Besides tracking the back-and-forth debates, a student of Talmud must be able to analyze each opinion and present hypotheses to reconcile it in light of the others. The
742:, the National Society for Hebrew Day Schools. The program initially offered only in-person learning but added telephone study partnerships in 1997. As of 2017, over 72,000 men and women from 2,337 cities in 39 countries had participated in weekly telephone study partnerships. In 2016, Partners in Torah became an independent organization.
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helps the student stay awake, keep his mind focused on the learning, sharpen his reasoning powers, develop his thoughts into words, and organize his thoughts into logical arguments. This type of learning also imparts precision and clarity into ideas that would otherwise remain vague. Having to listen
883:
is "a central tool in the struggle for the revival of the Jewish people, the revival of the individual, and the centrality of the idea of 'labor'. It is the highest expression of the Jewish person's extraordinary effort to recreate him or herself through 'labor', to be reconnected to nature, and to
495:
learning tends to be loud and animated, as the study partners read the
Talmudic text and the commentaries aloud to each other and then analyze, question, debate, and defend their points of view to arrive at a mutual understanding of the text. In the heat of discussion, they may wave their hands or
146:
Unlike a teacher-student relationship, in which the student memorizes and repeats the material back in tests, chavrusa-style learning puts each student in the position of analyzing the text, organizing their thoughts into logical arguments, explaining their reasoning to their partner, hearing out
564:, who often worries over and questions each step, the student is forced to understand the material thoroughly, refine and organize their thoughts in a logical structure, present their viewpoint clearly, and be ready to justify each and every point. The stronger
559:
who is equal in knowledge and ability, the student is forced to prove their point with logic rather than by right of seniority, which improves their ability to think logically, analyze other people's opinions objectively, and accept criticism. With a weaker
353:
relationship gives each student a platform to clarify and explain their position to a partner; then the two go on to question, defend, convince, amend, fine-tune, and even arrive at new conclusions through rigorous intellectual collaboration.
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learning challenges the student to analyze and verbally explain the material, point out the errors in his partner's reasoning, and question and sharpen each other's ideas, often arriving at entirely new insights into the meaning of the text.
636:
Women's yeshivas that include Talmud study on the curriculum often schedule chavrusa study sessions for their students. In
Orthodox women's seminaries, students are paired with study partners of equal or greater strength to learn
439:
learning takes place in the formalized structure of the yeshiva or kollel, as well as in
Talmudic study that an individual does at any time of day. Although a man skilled in learning could study certain topics on his own, the
391:
Unlike conventional classroom learning, in which a teacher lectures to the student and the student memorizes and repeats the information back in tests, and unlike an academic seminary, where students do independent research,
126:, where students often engage regular study partners of similar knowledge and ability, and is also practiced by those outside the yeshiva setting, in work, home, and vacation settings. The traditional phrase is to learn
608:
often develop into lasting friendships. The shared commitment to scholarship and intellectual growth creates a close bond between study partners that has been said to be closer than that of many married couples.
248:) can also refer to a group of individuals or families which is part study or prayer group, part social club). A (more formal) study group in a Yeshiva is sometimes referred to as a "Kibbutz" – see for example
3654:
795:
Project Zug – matches students in a chavrusa based on their course preferences given at the time of registration, or offers them to join with a friend, and provides source sheets and guidance
3354:
739:
783:
International
Chevruta Exchange – connects learning partners via online videoconferencing or teleconferencing, along with a mentor who can answer questions on the material being studied
731:, offers to partner knowledgeable volunteers with students with weaker backgrounds to study any Jewish topics of their choice, with coordinators on staff to ensure the partnership works well.
1433:
839:-style learning. The study guides, which include source texts on topics such as "Responsibility", "Creativity", "Time", and "Money", are issued in conjunction with the
2093:
532:(marriage match), as the skills, interests, temperament and schedule of each person must be taken into consideration. Good friends do not necessarily make good
364:"With bar Lakisha, whenever I would say something, he would pose 24 difficulties and I would give him 24 solutions, and as a result the subject became clear"
2488:
481:(literally, "ask and answer", a rabbi who is intimately familiar with the Talmudic text being studied) who are available to them in the study hall during
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their partner's reasoning, and questioning and sharpening each other's ideas, often arriving at entirely new insights into the meaning of the text.
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spend too much time chatting or joking with each other at the expense of their study time, they are advised to find different study partners.
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308:(Rabbis of the Talmudic period, 200 to 500 CE). The Rabbis repeatedly urged their students to acquire a study partner; for example, Rabbi
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773:
Torah educator in 2012, this service matches both men and women with local or global study partners online, via telephone, or video chat
339:, 63b). Nevertheless, there is evidence that learning in pairs was not always a universal norm in yeshivas, for example in the famous
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study in which a small group of students (usually 2–5) analyze, discuss, and debate a shared text. It is a primary learning method in
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will correct and fill in the student's knowledge and help them improve their learning techniques, acting more like a teacher. With a
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879:, or worker's association, which acts as a self-educational link to the larger social-educational process. In Zionist thought, the
1214:
3529:
818:
The Pearl Matlin Lev L'Lev
Program — Partners in Torah for Children & Adults with Special Needs, via Skype or over-the-phone.
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relationship also strengthens the student's personal commitment to his studies, as he is loath to disappoint or cancel on his
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to, analyze and respond to another's opinion inculcates respect for others. It is considered poor manners to interrupt one's
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1558:
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1559:""The wise man does not speak before one who is wiser than him and does not break into the words of another" (Avot 5:7)"
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learning is the ability to block out all other discussions in the study hall and focus on one's study partner alone.
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usually refers to two students learning one on one. When three or more students learn together, they are called a
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266:"Just as a knife can be sharpened only on the side of another, so a disciple of a sage improves only through his
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703:-style learning out of the yeshiva and synagogue and into telephone study sessions. During the 2000s, many free
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of 19th century
Lithuania, there is evidence that individual study rather than studying in pairs was the norm.
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gets stuck on a difficult point or needs further clarification, they can turn to the rabbis, lecturers, or a
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2010:
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745:
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3412:
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2950:
2689:"'Either a Hevruta Partner or Death': A Critical View on the Interpersonal Dimensions of Hevruta Learning"
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2036:
663:
33:
428:-- although it remains an open question as to whether that relationship is causal or merely correlative.
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told his son Rabbi Abba that he was ignorant because he did not study with someone else. The choice of
3524:
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Abiding
Challenges: Research perspectives on Jewish education: Studies in memory of Mordechai Bar-Lev
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728:
309:
233:
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671:
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583:
520:
369:
336:
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1357:
Shaul
Stampfer, Lithuanian Yeshivas of the Nineteenth Century, (Oxford: Littman, 2012) pp. 144-147
143:
to refer to the study partner as an individual, though it would more logically describe the pair.
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1963:
1812:
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331:
While an individual may choose to study Talmud alone, it is strongly discouraged. In the Talmud,
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for the new term. A similar "tumult day" takes place among the hundreds of students at the main
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2016:
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makes all the difference between having a good year and a bad year, class rabbis may switch
421:
340:
317:
111:
1615:"A qualitative study on how traditional Yeshiva education prepares students for law school"
884:
plant the many-branched tree of his or her nation in the land from which it was uprooted".
576:
to learn. Yeshiva students are usually advised to have one of each of these three types of
496:
even shout at each other. Depending on the size of the yeshiva, dozens or even hundreds of
473:
eight or nine times in a class of 20 boys until the partnerships work for both sides. If a
3550:
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3188:
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3023:
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335:
is quoted as saying that "scholars who sit alone to study the Torah . . . become stupid" (
332:
217:
2628:"Towards a 'Life of Expansion': Education as religious deed in A. D. Gordon's philosophy"
2282:
1873:
776:
D.A.F. Online
Chavrusa Database — provides online postings of people looking for a
417:. Some early research has shown that the use of this study modality within a traditional
586:
in
Lakewood Township, New Jersey is known for its "tumult day" at the beginning of each
232:
can include two, three, four or even five individuals studying together. The Reform and
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1279:
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937:
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674:, reportedly had a regular half-hour chavrusa with his wife, during which they studied
551:
who are stronger, weaker, or equal in knowledge and ability to the student. A stronger
1720:"Stern College's June Learning Program Exposes Students to Intense, In-Depth Learning"
805:
at home, by phone, and online, and also provides the learning materials free of charge
41:
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1987:
1958:
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With Hearts Full of Faith: Insights into trust and emunah: A selection of addresses
1163:
1006:
860:
840:
676:
590:(semester), when thousands of students mingle outdoors with the goal of choosing a
50:
2677:"Havruta: What Do We Know and What Can We Hope to Learn from Studying in Havruta?"
2489:"TorahTutors.org Introduces One-on-One, Text-Based Torah Study Tutoring Web Site"
1645:
500:
can be heard discussing and debating each other's opinions. One of the skills of
131:
101:
3344:
3314:
2983:
2774:
2769:
2577:
Mediating Faiths: Religion and socio-cultural change in the twenty-first century
2522:
2198:"Focus on Issues: Interested in studying Torah? It's just a telephone call away"
1306:
1292:
943:
786:
Israeli Chavruta Initiative — a project of Yeshivat Hesder Nahar-Deiah of
667:
652:
In recent years, telephone study partnerships for women have been promoted as a
382:
196:
195:(חבר, "friend" or "companion" in Hebrew) to refer to the one with whom a person
2605:
1132:
Becoming Frum: How Newcomers Learn the Language and Culture of Orthodox Judaism
3059:
2764:
2548:
808:
425:
286:
will make it solid in your hand. And do not rely on your own understanding"
2125:
1814:
The Reichmanns: Family, faith, fortune, and the empire of Olympia & York
1408:
770:
734:
Partners in Torah — founded in 1991 as a one-on-one study program for
3241:
2789:
2371:
3422:
3329:
3183:
3120:
3028:
3013:
2993:
2910:
2811:
2696:, Vol. 75, Issue 2, 2009, pp. 130–149, DOI 10.1080/15244110902856492
1874:"Chavrusa across the country, or: A Siyum once in three and a half years"
1042:
787:
704:
629:
528:
312:
enjoined students to "Make for yourself a Rav and acquire for yourself a
212:
140:
3209:
17:
3555:
3339:
3334:
3173:
3125:
3110:
3105:
3093:
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3018:
2960:
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1630:
876:
856:
638:
418:
305:
301:
253:
184:
180:
119:
91:
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helps the student acquire a great deal of information, but the weaker
3509:
3349:
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2915:
2905:
2900:
2831:
2816:
930:
872:
832:
753:
543:
In the yeshiva world, the brightest students are highly desirable as
461:. On average, a yeshiva student spends ten hours per day learning in
188:
123:
115:
515:
444:
relationship is preferred to help them crystallize their thoughts.
252:– especially in older usage, preceding the use of that term for an
3319:
3054:
3003:
2998:
2796:
2684:, Vol. 5, 2011, pp. 407–417, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-0354-4_24
2419:
798:
The Virtual Chavruta — provides tutors via videoconferencing
712:
690:
619:
514:
449:
324:
seems to have been based on friendship or social proximity; thus,
40:
2651:
2349:
2327:
1783:
Ein Yaakov: The ethical and inspirational teachings of the Talmud
707:
services began matching up study partners around the world using
485:. In women's yeshiva programs, teachers are on hand to guide the
3380:
2706:
Willamette Journal of International Law & Dispute Resolution
1647:
The World of the Yeshiva: An intimate portrait of Orthodox Jewry
1105:
The Social Structure of the Rabbinic Movement in Roman Palestine
811:— founded in 2007, this service offers online yeshiva and
183:
word meaning "friendship" or "companionship". The Rabbis of the
48:(study partners) sit opposite each other or side by side in the
3213:
2715:
2182:
Journal of Halacha and Contemporary Society, Volumes 7–10
457:
during morning, afternoon, and evening study sessions known as
2711:
2701:"Can Havruta Style Learning Be a Best Practice in Law School?"
2441:
699:
In 1997, Partners in Torah was the first organization to move
1536:
1523:
Breakthrough to Learning Gemora: A concise, analytical guide
447:
In the yeshiva setting, students prepare for and review the
1256:
How I Am a Jew: Adventures Into My Jewish-American Identity
898:
is the name of the magazine of the Rabbinic Alumni of the
727:
TorahMates, a free chavrusa program of national nonprofit
300:
learning was a key feature of yeshivas in the eras of the
3655:
Aramaic words and phrases in Jewish prayers and blessings
2069:
Contemporary American Judaism: Transformation and renewal
2012:
Connecting to God: Ancient Kabbalah and modern psychology
1404:
Gateway to Judaism: The What, How, And Why of Jewish Life
792:
Online Chavrusa — connects study partners via Skype
526:
Pairing up study partners has been compared to making a
2634:. Freund Publishing House, Ltd, 1999, pp. 49–50.
660:) tool in Israel and as an option for busy homemakers.
2396:. Yeshivat Hesder Nahar-Deiah Nahariya. Archived from
2185:. Yeshiva Rabbi Jacob Joseph School. 1984. p. 25.
1190:. East Denver Orthodox Synagogue. 2003. Archived from
695:
How to create a lesson on the phone of learning mishna
2042:
Journey to Tradition: The odyssey of a born-again Jew
1701:
1699:
1697:
835:
Chavruta Project produces an annual study guide for
547:. However, there are pros and cons to learning with
3569:
3538:
3497:
3431:
3373:
3307:
3281:
3255:
3154:
3037:
2959:
2881:
2840:
2804:
2747:
328:fulfilled a social as well as an educational need.
2096:. Lubavitch Centre of Leeds. 2011. Archived from
160:"Either friend or death". (In printings, "either
1372:"Think Again: Talmud Study and the Liberal Arts"
801:TorahMates — a project of Oorah, provides
250:Sunderland Talmudical College § The Kibbutz
2072:. Columbia University Press. pp. 243–244.
1335:. American Jewish World Service. Archived from
1215:"Turn It Again – The Joy of Shabbat Tish"
362:
304:(Rabbis of the Mishnaic period, 10-220 CE) and
296:Based on statements in the Mishnah and Gemara,
280:
264:
155:
240:to modern scholarship and poetry (note that a
3484:Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations (UOHC)
3225:
2727:
1213:Moskowitz, Rabbi Michael L. (May–June 2011).
8:
2464:"How a Jewish Learning Program Surprised Me"
1959:"Video & Photos: Chavrusa Tumult at BMG"
1749:Neusner, Jacob; Avery-Peck, Alan J. (2001).
1259:. University Press of America. p. 191.
2306:"Chavrusamatch.com To Be Launched Tomorrow"
1902:. Demosthenes Needs a Locke. 6 January 2010
1650:. Ktav Publishing House. pp. 110–111.
831:in 1996 and launched globally in 2009, the
3232:
3218:
3210:
2734:
2720:
2712:
2682:International Handbook of Jewish Education
1844:The Bamboo Cradle: A Jewish father's story
1066:
1064:
1062:
1934:. Mesorah Publications, Ltd. p. 94.
1836:
1834:
1497:The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles
900:Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary
843:educational charity's annual conference.
748:— founded in 2006, this project of
580:in order to develop on all three levels.
2491:. PR Web. 10 August 2010. Archived from
2119:Rosenblum, Jonathan (27 December 2006).
1669:
1667:
1516:
1514:
1434:"Study Form Ancient, But Lessons Modern"
1135:. Rutgers University Press. p. 70.
1071:Sinclair, Dr. Julian (5 November 2008).
139:"in partnership"); the word has come by
3489:International Rabbinic Fellowship (IRF)
1188:"Adult Education Catalogue/Spring 2003"
967:
965:
963:
959:
2121:"A Torah Revolution in Need of Troops"
1953:
1951:
1490:Bouskila, Rabbi Daniel (5 June 2003).
1097:
1095:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
32:For the Israeli LGBT association, see
2574:Bailey, Michael; Redden, Guy (2011).
2045:. Ktav Publishing House. p. 33.
1613:Klein, Reuven Chaim (March 1, 2024).
1587:Mirvis, Rabbi Ephraim (10 May 2012).
1432:Langfitt, Frank (25 September 2003).
203:is defined as a "study partnership".
7:
2304:Koretzky, Rabbi Ari (31 July 2012).
1986:Bernstein, Dovid (22 October 2009).
1680:. Heineman Educational. p. 89.
769:Chavrusamatch — launched by a
236:movements have extended the idea of
228:). It some communities, the idea of
132:
102:
84:
3469:Rabbinical Council of America (RCA)
2350:"D.A.F.'s Online Chavrusa Database"
1988:"Photos: Chavrusah Tumult in Brisk"
221:
97:
2285:. CrownHeights.info. 10 March 2006
1525:. Kest-Lebovits. pp. 104–106.
918:Pardes Institute of Jewish Studies
902:, published since the late 1950s.
424:can aid students later succeed in
25:
2704:by Barbara Pinkerton Blumenfeld.
2259:Margolis, N. (7 September 2007).
916:magazine is a publication of the
649:, or any other topic in Judaism.
3618:
3617:
3602:Rabbinic authority / Da'as Torah
3240:
2795:
2788:
1780:Finkel, Avraham Yaakov (1999).
1752:The Blackwell Reader in Judaism
1589:"Two Heads are Better Than One"
1333:"Babylonian Talmud Brachot 63b"
2680:by Elie Holzer and Orit Kent.
2147:Younger, Tova (22 July 2009).
1841:Schwartzbaum, Avraham (1989).
1644:Helmreich, William B. (2000).
1466:"R' Yochanan and Reish Lakish"
1007:"Bringing the People Together"
756:volunteers for Jewish learning
738:parents under the umbrella of
1:
2606:"The Limmud Chavruta Project"
1900:"The Chavrusa Shidduch World"
1726:. 6 July 2006. Archived from
1537:"Chavrusa System of Learning"
1108:. Mohr Siebeck. p. 351.
1817:. Times Books. p. 203.
1009:. Reb Jeff. 24 February 2011
92:
3449:Central Rabbinical Congress
2694:Journal of Jewish Education
2652:"Search: Chavrusa Magazine"
2196:Selig, Sam (27 July 1999).
2094:"Ladies' Chavruta Learning"
2015:. Bell Tower. p. 124.
1228:(5 & 6). Archived from
972:Liebersohn, Aharon (2006).
3671:
3386:United Torah Judaism (UTJ)
2066:Evan Kaplan, Dana (2009).
1409:Mesorah Publications, Ltd.
1253:Polsky, Howard W. (2003).
1156:Goldberger, Moshe (2004).
1102:Hezser, Catherine (1997).
624:Women students engaged in
244:Ashkenazic pronunciation:
56:Yeshiva Gedola of Carteret
31:
27:Talmudic study partnership
3650:Aramaic words and phrases
3615:
3505:Agudath Israel of America
2786:
2442:"Find a Learning Partner"
2352:. Kollel Iyun HaDaf. 2012
2330:. Chavrusamatch.com. 2013
2203:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
780:, a teacher, or a student
752:pairs men and women with
658:Orthodox Judaism outreach
612:
598:in Jerusalem, and at the
465:. Since having the right
199:. In contemporary usage,
81:Jewish Babylonian Aramaic
3464:Moetzet Chachmei HaTorah
3365:Orthodox Jewish outreach
2261:"Long Distance Partners"
1811:Bianco, Anthony (1997).
1707:The World of the Yeshiva
750:Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch
572:helps the student learn
3459:Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah
2468:ejewishphilanthropy.com
2374:. Torah Without Borders
2037:Levin, Michael Graubart
1863:Second, revised edition
1411:pp. 418, 422–423.
823:Limmud Chavruta Project
3413:Noam (political party)
1539:. Kollel Toronto. 2010
1471:. Mussarleadership.org
696:
664:Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld
633:
523:
366:
288:
272:
254:agricultural community
166:
59:
34:Havruta (organization)
3592:Torah im Derech Eretz
2853:Prayers and blessings
2009:Weiss, Abner (2005).
1922:Reinman, Yaakov Yosef
1129:Benor, Sarah (2012).
694:
684:Telephone and online
623:
518:
453:(lecture) with their
310:Yehoshua Ben Perachia
191:use the cognate term
96:, lit. "fellowship";
44:
3525:World Agudath Israel
2989:Weekly Torah reading
1757:Blackwell Publishers
1674:Forta, Arye (1989).
1593:The Jewish Chronicle
1370:(11 November 2011).
1159:September 11 and You
1078:The Jewish Chronicle
358:Educational benefits
275:Rabbi Hama b. Hanina
110:), is a traditional
3403:National Union (NU)
2822:Bar and bat mitzvah
2444:. Project Zug. 2016
2230:"Great Non Profits"
2149:"Chavrusa, Anyone?"
1849:Feldheim Publishers
1521:Zobin, Zvi (1996).
1492:"Learning Together"
1368:Rosenblum, Jonathan
672:Mandatory Palestine
584:Beth Medrash Govoha
521:Beth Medrash Govoha
2961:Religious practice
2608:. Limmud.org. 2013
2525:on 19 October 2013
2495:on August 18, 2010
1967:. 1 September 2008
1964:Yeshiva World News
1926:Salomon, Matisyohu
1880:. 27 November 2007
1724:Yeshiva University
1631:10.17613/b462-fp41
1576:: 2. 15 July 2006.
1446:on 8 December 2015
1377:The Jerusalem Post
1339:on 8 December 2015
1320:Yerushalmi Nedarim
697:
634:
524:
60:
3632:
3631:
3587:Religious Zionism
3474:Agudas HaRabbonim
3418:Jerusalem Faction
3299:Hasidic dynasties
3207:
3206:
2863:Grace after meals
2748:Birth and infancy
2654:. YU Torah Online
2591:978-0-7546-6786-5
2515:"Why Torah Mates"
2422:. Online Chavrusa
2283:"Telephone Torah"
2234:Partners in Torah
2079:978-0-231-13728-7
2052:978-0-88125-093-0
2022:978-1-4000-8334-3
1941:978-1-57819-583-1
1858:978-0-87306-459-0
1824:978-0-8129-2140-3
1797:978-0-7657-6082-1
1766:978-0-631-20738-2
1730:on 31 August 2006
1687:978-0-435-30321-1
1657:978-0-88125-642-0
1439:The Baltimore Sun
1399:Becker, Mordechai
1115:978-3-16-146797-4
985:978-965-90756-1-4
736:Jewish day school
709:videoconferencing
647:Jewish philosophy
318:Yose ben Chalafta
158:O chevra o mituta
90:
16:(Redirected from
3662:
3645:Jewish education
3626:
3621:
3620:
3479:United Synagogue
3454:Iggud HaRabbonim
3444:Edah HaChareidis
3249:
3248:Orthodox Judaism
3244:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3211:
2969:613 commandments
2891:Marriageable age
2799:
2792:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2713:
2692:by Elie Holzer.
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2648:
2642:
2626:Amir, Yehoyada.
2624:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2551:. Archived from
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2521:. Archived from
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2236:. Archived from
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2206:. Archived from
2193:
2187:
2186:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2161:on 7 August 2012
2157:. Archived from
2154:The Jewish Press
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2100:on 26 March 2012
2090:
2084:
2083:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1838:
1829:
1828:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1790:. p. xxix.
1777:
1771:
1770:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1716:
1710:
1703:
1692:
1691:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1563:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1518:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1470:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1442:. Archived from
1429:
1423:
1422:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1303:
1297:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1234:
1219:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1194:on 26 March 2012
1184:
1178:
1177:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1099:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1068:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1043:"Yevamot 96b:16"
1039:
1033:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1003:
990:
989:
975:World Wide Agora
969:
949:Pair programming
869:communal society
632:Shilat in Israel
628:-style study at
387:
341:Volozhin Yeshiva
292:
276:
223:
172:
135:
134:
105:
104:
99:
95:
89:romanized:
88:
86:
21:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3624:
3611:
3565:
3551:Mishnah Berurah
3534:
3493:
3427:
3408:The Jewish Home
3369:
3303:
3277:
3251:
3247:
3238:
3208:
3203:
3189:Yahrzeit candle
3150:
3038:Religious items
3033:
2955:
2877:
2858:Prayer services
2836:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2784:
2755:Hebrew birthday
2743:
2740:
2672:
2670:Further reading
2667:
2657:
2655:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2625:
2621:
2611:
2609:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2558:
2556:
2555:on 18 July 2011
2543:
2542:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2496:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2473:
2471:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2447:
2445:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2425:
2423:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2403:
2401:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2377:
2375:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2355:
2353:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2333:
2331:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2311:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2240:on 15 June 2011
2228:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2080:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2053:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1957:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1881:
1878:Toldos Yeshurun
1872:
1871:
1867:
1859:
1851:. p. 193.
1840:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1798:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1759:. p. 422.
1748:
1747:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1704:
1695:
1688:
1673:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1619:The Law Teacher
1612:
1611:
1607:
1597:
1595:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1519:
1512:
1502:
1500:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1449:
1447:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1419:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1382:
1380:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1342:
1340:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1286:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1101:
1100:
1093:
1083:
1081:
1070:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1049:
1047:www.sefaria.org
1041:
1040:
1036:
1026:
1022:
1012:
1010:
1005:
1004:
993:
986:
978:. p. 155.
971:
970:
961:
957:
926:
911:
893:
854:
849:
827:Founded in the
825:
766:
724:
689:
618:
513:
479:sho'el u'mashiv
434:
389:
368:
360:
333:Jose bar Hanina
294:
290:
278:
274:
262:
174:
168:
153:
67:, also spelled
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3668:
3666:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3637:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3546:Shulchan Aruch
3542:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3520:Orthodox Union
3517:
3512:
3507:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3391:Agudat Yisrael
3383:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3360:Chinuch Atzmai
3357:
3355:Torah Umesorah
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3252:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3214:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3164:Chevra Kadisha
3160:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2921:Jewish wedding
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2848:Ritual washing
2844:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2697:
2685:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2643:
2619:
2597:
2590:
2584:. p. 67.
2566:
2536:
2506:
2480:
2470:. 13 July 2017
2455:
2433:
2411:
2400:on 11 May 2010
2385:
2363:
2341:
2319:
2296:
2274:
2251:
2221:
2188:
2172:
2139:
2111:
2085:
2078:
2058:
2051:
2028:
2021:
2001:
1978:
1947:
1940:
1913:
1891:
1865:
1857:
1830:
1823:
1803:
1796:
1772:
1765:
1741:
1711:
1693:
1686:
1663:
1656:
1636:
1625:(1): 111–130.
1605:
1579:
1550:
1528:
1510:
1482:
1457:
1424:
1418:978-1422600306
1417:
1390:
1359:
1350:
1324:
1312:
1298:
1284:
1280:Genesis Rabbah
1272:
1266:978-0761824237
1265:
1245:
1205:
1179:
1173:978-1568713182
1172:
1166:. p. 67.
1148:
1142:978-0813553917
1141:
1121:
1114:
1091:
1058:
1034:
1020:
991:
984:
958:
956:
953:
952:
951:
946:
941:
934:
925:
922:
910:
904:
892:
886:
871:, such as the
867:to refer to a
863:used the term
853:
850:
848:
845:
841:British-Jewish
829:United Kingdom
824:
821:
820:
819:
816:
806:
799:
796:
793:
790:
784:
781:
774:
765:
759:
758:
757:
743:
740:Torah Umesorah
732:
723:
717:
688:
682:
617:
611:
602:in Jerusalem.
519:Tumult day in
512:
506:
433:
430:
370:Rabbi Yochanan
361:
359:
356:
279:
263:
261:
258:
224:, group; also
154:
152:
149:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3667:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3627:
3614:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3577:Torah Judaism
3575:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3498:Organizations
3496:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3396:Degel HaTorah
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3289:Orthodox Jews
3287:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3243:
3235:
3230:
3228:
3223:
3221:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3045:Sifrei Kodesh
3043:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2936:Sheva Brachot
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2896:Role of women
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:Coming of age
2803:
2798:
2791:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2760:Shalom Zachar
2758:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2737:
2732:
2730:
2725:
2723:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2640:965-294-137-9
2637:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2593:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2570:
2567:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2507:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2481:
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668:Chief Rabbi
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2873:Honorifics
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120:yeshivas
116:Talmudic
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3126:Mezuzah
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