22:
468:
Early rabbinic Bible exegesis was preserved in tannaitic texts compiled in the second century CE or later, but is likely to contain much earlier material. It certainly contains some interpretations that can be traced back explicitly to the first century CE because of parallels with motifs found in
515:
was redacted between roughly 70 CE to 250 CE. Research has demonstrated that Hebrew was spoken in Israel until about 200 CE, and it is generally agreed that tannaitic literature reflects the language and speech used in various regions of Israel during that time period.
348:
Some
Tannaim worked as laborers (e.g., charcoal burners, cobblers) in addition to their positions as teachers and legislators. They were also leaders of the people and negotiators with the
858:
The rabbis educated at Yavneh would be links in the great unbroken chain of teachers of the Torah. Yohanan and those who followed him were called tannaim, meaning "repeaters" or "teachers.
598:
for a short while and it eventually reverted to the descendants of Hillel. Prior to Rabban
Gamliel Hazaken, no titles were used before someone's name, which gave rise to the
368:
196:
260:, from approximately 10–220 CE. The period of the Tannaim, also referred to as the Mishnaic period, lasted about 210 years. It came after the period of the
511:
Texts were written in MH between roughly 70 CE and 500 CE. Tannaitic literature, which includes the
Mishnah, the Tosefta, the halachic midrashim, and
448:, are said to be direct transmitters of an oral tradition passed from teacher to student that was written and codified as the basis for the Mishnah,
1682:
1002:
964:
934:
851:
2585:
610:
is a person's own name"). This is seen as the reason that Hillel has no title before his name: his name in itself is his title, just as
1073:
981:
was deposed from the ethnarchy in 6 CE, Judea proper, Samaria and Idumea were converted into a Roman province under the name Iudaea.
890:
189:
105:
882:
1124:
310:
The
Mishnaic period is commonly divided into five periods according to generations. There are approximately 120 known Tannaim.
43:
425:, the last generation of the Zugot, there were few disagreements among Rabbinic scholars. After this period, though, the
1427:
1109:
426:
182:
1155:
86:
1040:
58:
1675:
667:
482:
32:
1397:
398:
became increasingly corrupt and were seen by the Jews as collaborators with the Romans, whose mismanagement of
65:
39:
2580:
1180:
798:
571:
1468:
719:
687:
622:
a name to denote significance or to differentiate between two people with the same name. Examples include
575:
360:
72:
2419:
2377:
1668:
1518:
1066:
756:
744:
1387:
843:
Torah and
Commentary: The Five Books of Moses : Translation, Rabbinic and Contemporary Commentary
363:
361:
2124:
1639:
1604:
1553:
1357:
1332:
1327:
1266:
1236:
1185:
701:
54:
2131:
1548:
1508:
1447:
1442:
1312:
1246:
1231:
1205:
1165:
1033:
870:
736:
697:
583:
534:
364:
1660:
365:
2412:
2249:
2145:
2110:
2001:
1649:
1634:
1594:
1589:
1483:
1437:
1432:
1412:
1362:
1337:
1160:
1150:
1119:
941:... both in Palestine and in Babylonia, were called amoraim, meaning "speakers" or "interpreters"
732:
677:
673:
567:
330:
362:
2405:
2231:
2117:
1917:
1599:
1533:
1503:
1422:
1377:
1367:
1317:
1241:
1200:
1195:
1129:
998:
960:
930:
886:
847:
764:
748:
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713:
512:
334:
253:
2398:
2138:
1875:
1629:
1584:
1538:
1523:
1478:
1417:
1347:
1322:
1251:
1099:
1059:
772:
418:
366:
2590:
1644:
1342:
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1271:
1175:
978:
802:
399:
282:
241:
227:
219:
215:
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1619:
1609:
1579:
1543:
1513:
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1473:
1452:
1407:
1372:
1302:
1210:
1020:, vol 4, CHAPTER 15, "MISHNAIC HEBREW: AN INTRODUCTORY SURVEY," MOSHE BAR-ASHER, p. 369
780:
776:
681:
314:
2574:
2533:
1624:
1569:
1307:
1190:
1170:
395:
326:
79:
118:
Rabbinic sages whose views are recorded in the
Mishnah, from approximately 10-220 CE
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1382:
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1114:
786:
728:
635:
385:
349:
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2224:
1614:
1292:
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1226:
794:
724:
705:
693:
433:, and disagreements between the two schools of thought are found throughout the
21:
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1493:
1045:
760:
296:
926:
Understanding Jewish
History: From the patriarchs to the expulsion from Spain
460:
were the last generation in a long sequence of oral teachers that began with
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1402:
820:
579:
543:
342:
322:
170:
792:
Sixth
Generation, an interim generation between the Mishnah and the Gemara:
566:
was limited to the descendants of Hillel, the sole exception being Rabban
1982:
1145:
815:
559:
503:
and
Babylonia wrote is referred to as Mishnaic Hebrew (MH), or in Hebrew
470:
445:
165:
153:
1882:
1695:
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1352:
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615:
449:
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257:
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148:
599:
500:
477:, such as the legend of the extraordinary beauty of Moses as a child.
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407:
160:
133:
276:
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have no titles before their names. (An addition is sometimes given
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768:
709:
611:
474:
461:
411:
390:
261:
250:
138:
1664:
1055:
662:
The
Mishnaic period is commonly divided into five generations:
630:(Moses our teacher). Similarly, Hillel is often referred to as
359:
338:
15:
686:
Second Generation between the destruction of the Temple and
574:, who safeguarded the future of the Jewish people after the
337:. Other places of learning were founded by his students in
1051:
264:"Pairs" and was immediately followed by the period of the
542:) was the highest-ranking member and presided over the
414:
proper) led to riots, revolts and general resentment.
911:)—authorities cited in the Mishna and coëval writings.
650:, but instead, Judah haNasi is given the lofty title
642:), often referred to simply as "Rabbi", not even the
1562:
1461:
1285:
1219:
1138:
1089:
307:means "to repeat " and is used to mean "to learn".
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1048:entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith
325:, but after the destruction of the city and the
767:(who, according to traditional lore, wrote the
594:, perhaps because he only held the position of
466:
429:came to represent two distinct perspectives on
666:First Generation before and shortly after the
1676:
1067:
190:
8:
290:
235:
846:. KTAV Publishing House, Inc. p. 523.
1683:
1669:
1661:
1074:
1060:
1052:
997:. Princeton University Press. p. 63.
785:Fifth Generation: the generation of Rabbi
704:, the teachers of Rabbi Akiva, as well as
313:The Tannaim lived in several areas of the
197:
183:
122:
959:. Harvard University Press. p. 246.
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
634:(Hillel the elder). Starting with Rabbi
832:
456:. According to rabbinic tradition, the
125:
953:Malamat, A.; Ben-Sasson, H.H. (1976).
929:. KTAV Publishing House. p. 116.
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570:, the leader in Jerusalem during the
499:The language in which the Tannaim of
384:operated under the occupation of the
240:
226:
7:
277:
44:adding citations to reliable sources
754:Fourth Generation after the revolt:
291:
281:) is the Aramaic equivalent of the
236:
223:
231:"repeaters", "teachers", singular
14:
1041:Chabad biographies of the Tannaim
452:, and tannaitic teachings of the
1018:The Cambridge History of Judaism
883:University of Pennsylvania Press
562:(Gamaliel the Elder). The title
256:whose views are recorded in the
20:
1125:Hananiah ben Hezekiah ben Garon
333:and his students founded a new
31:needs additional citations for
993:Goodman, Martin David (2018).
956:A History of the Jewish People
1:
879:Jewish Magic and Superstition
1428:Eleazar ben Judah of Bartota
1110:Houses of Hillel and Shammai
427:Houses of Hillel and Shammai
2586:Rabbis by rabbinical period
1156:Ishmael ben Elisha ha-Kohen
789:, who compiled the Mishnah.
606:" ("Greater than the title
2607:
1698:: chronology and hierarchy
875:"Glossary of Hebrew Terms"
590:, was not given the title
554:, and it was given to the
509:the language of the Sages.
317:. The spiritual center of
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2211:
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2179:
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2155:
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2089:
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2067:
2065:
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2061:
2059:
2053:
2033:
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1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1939:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1735:
1733:
1720:
1718:
1703:
1398:Haninah ben Ahi R. Joshua
923:Scharfstein, Sol (1996).
840:Scharfstein, Sol (2008).
751:(the "Other" or apostate)
668:Destruction of the Temple
626:(Abraham our father) and
718:Third Generation around
550:was a higher title than
388:. During this time, the
1181:Hanina Segan ha-Kohanim
799:Shimon ben Judah HaNasi
495:Language of the Mishnah
1570:Judah haNasi (Judah I)
1469:Simeon ben Gamaliel II
1151:Shimon ben Gamliel (I)
492:
2378:Shimon ben Gamliel II
2132:Yehoshua ben Hananiah
1146:Gamaliel I, the Elder
745:Nathan the Babylonian
654:("Our holy rabbi ").
558:starting with Rabban
444:, as teachers of the
295:), which also is the
2125:Eliezer ben Hurcanus
1640:Yadua the Babylonian
1605:Symmachus ben Joseph
1554:Eliezer ben Jacob II
1358:Hanina ben Antigonus
1333:Eleazar ben Perata I
1328:Haninah ben Teradion
1267:Akabia ben Mahalalel
1237:Eliezer ben Hurcanus
1186:Abba Saul ben Batnit
995:A History of Judaism
871:Trachtenberg, Joshua
702:Eliezer ben Hurcanus
670:(c. 40 BCE – 80 CE):
487:A History of Judaism
483:Martin David Goodman
40:improve this article
1549:Hananiah ben Akavia
1509:Eleazar ben Shammua
1448:Abba Jose ben Hanan
1443:Simeon the Yemenite
1313:Eleazar ben Azariah
1247:Nehunya ben HaKanah
1232:Joshua ben Hananiah
1206:Eliezer ben Jacob I
1166:Jonathan ben Uzziel
1090:Last Generation of
1035:Jewish Encyclopedia
737:Eleazar ben Azariah
720:Bar Kochba's revolt
698:Joshua ben Hananiah
688:Bar Kokhba's revolt
646:is given the title
604:Gadol miRabban shmo
584:Eleazar ben Azariah
2413:Elazar ben Shammua
2250:Ishmael ben Elisha
2146:Elazar ben Azariah
2111:Shimon ben Gamliel
2002:Yohanan ben Zakkai
1650:Abba Kohen Bardela
1635:Simeon ben Menasya
1595:Simeon ben Eleazar
1590:Eleazar ben Simeon
1484:Shimon ben Halafta
1438:Hanan the Egyptian
1433:Matteya ben Heresh
1413:Jeshbab the Scribe
1388:Eleazar of Modi'im
1363:Hanina ben Hakinai
1338:Johanan ben Baroka
1161:Yohanan ben Zakkai
757:Shimon ben Gamliel
733:Ishmael ben Elisha
678:Shimon ben Gamliel
674:Yohanan ben Zakkai
568:Yochanan ben Zakai
417:Until the days of
331:Yohanan ben Zakkai
228:[tannɔʔim]
2568:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2406:Shimon bar Yochai
2232:Elisha ben Abuyah
2225:Gamaliel of Yavne
2118:Yose the Galilean
1918:Simeon ben Hillel
1658:
1657:
1600:Eleazar ha-Kappar
1534:Johanan HaSandlar
1504:Shimon bar Yochai
1462:Fourth Generation
1423:Johanan ben Torta
1378:Elisha ben Abuyah
1368:Yochanan ben Nuri
1318:Jose the Galilean
1242:Eleazar ben Arach
1220:Second Generation
1201:Judah ben Bathyra
1196:Dosa ben Harkinas
1130:Simeon ben Hillel
1004:978-0-691-18127-1
966:978-0-674-39731-6
936:978-0-88125-545-4
853:978-1-60280-020-5
803:Yehoshua ben Levi
765:Shimon bar Yochai
749:Elisha ben Abuyah
741:Jose the Galilean
714:Eleazar ben Arach
696:of Yavneh, Rabbi
652:Rabbeinu HaKadosh
578:by pleading with
513:Seder 'olam Rabba
394:(priests) of the
373:
372:
335:Council of Jamnia
321:at that time was
242:[tanˈnɔː]
207:
206:
116:
115:
108:
90:
2598:
2399:Yose ben Halafta
2139:Elazar ben Arach
1706:
1705:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1662:
1585:Ishmael ben Jose
1563:Fifth Generation
1539:Pinchas ben Yair
1524:Joshua ben Karha
1479:Jose ben Halafta
1418:Aquila of Sinope
1348:Simeon ben Azzai
1323:Eliezer ben Jose
1286:Third Generation
1252:Nachum Ish Gamzu
1139:First Generation
1100:Hillel the Elder
1076:
1069:
1062:
1053:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1008:
990:
984:
983:
974:
973:
950:
944:
943:
920:
914:
913:
901:
899:
881:. Philadelphia:
867:
861:
860:
837:
773:Jose ben Halafta
560:Gamaliel Hazaken
490:
469:the writings of
355:
354:
294:
293:
280:
279:
268:"Interpreters".
245:, borrowed from
244:
239:
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199:
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185:
123:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
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16:
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1723:Teacher→Student
1699:
1689:
1659:
1654:
1645:Joshua ben Levi
1558:
1457:
1343:Simeon ben Zoma
1281:
1277:Shmuel ha-Katan
1272:Simeon HaPakoli
1215:
1176:Hanina ben Dosa
1134:
1085:
1080:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1016:
1012:
1005:
992:
991:
987:
971:
969:
967:
952:
951:
947:
937:
922:
921:
917:
897:
895:
893:
885:. p. 333.
869:
868:
864:
854:
839:
838:
834:
829:
812:
793:
777:Yehuda ben Ilai
755:
723:
691:
671:
660:
586:, who was also
530:
525:
497:
491:
481:
400:Iudaea province
378:
369:
367:
203:
126:Rabbinical eras
119:
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
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2602:
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2581:Mishnah rabbis
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2534:Yehudah haNasi
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2020:
2018:
2016:
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29:This article
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1519:Rabbi Nathan
1383:Rabbi Ilai I
1298:Rabbi Tarfon
1257:Abba Hilkiah
1115:Bnei Bathyra
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896:. Retrieved
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729:Rabbi Tarfon
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38:Please help
33:verification
30:
1615:Bar Kappara
1293:Rabbi Akiva
1262:Rabbi Zadok
1227:Gamaliel II
795:Rabbi Hiyya
725:Rabbi Akiva
694:Gamaliel II
658:Generations
638:(Judah the
303:. The verb
249:) were the
2575:Categories
1738:Father→Son
1575:Huna Kamma
1496:(and wife
1494:Rabbi Meir
972:2023-08-18
827:References
761:Rabbi Meir
759:of Yavne,
700:and Rabbi
520:Prominent
507:, meaning
431:Jewish law
66:newspapers
1529:Abba Saul
1403:Abtolemus
1092:Zugot Era
979:Archelaus
873:(2004) .
821:Pharisees
580:Vespasian
544:Sanhedrin
343:Bnei Brak
323:Jerusalem
297:root word
271:The root
171:Acharonim
55:"Tannaim"
816:Oral law
810:See also
706:Gamaliel
600:Talmudic
582:. Rabbi
538:(plural
480:—
471:Josephus
446:Oral Law
251:rabbinic
166:Rishonim
154:Savoraim
2392:Yehudah
1883:Shammai
1696:Mishnah
1694:of the
1498:Bruriah
1393:Halafta
1353:Onkelos
1120:Menahem
1105:Shammai
1083:Tannaim
1046:Tannaim
909:Tannaim
898:Oct 21,
692:Rabban
672:Rabban
616:Abraham
602:adage "
540:Nesi'im
522:Tannaim
458:Tannaim
450:Tosefta
442:Tannaim
435:Mishnah
423:Shammai
404:Samaria
391:Kohanim
382:Tannaim
376:History
341:and in
319:Judaism
301:Mishnah
266:Amoraim
258:Mishnah
247:Aramaic
211:Tannaim
149:Amoraim
144:Tannaim
80:scholar
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2257:Tarfon
1876:Hillel
1692:Rabbis
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608:Rabban
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548:Rabban
528:Titles
501:Israel
489:(2018)
454:Talmud
419:Hillel
408:Idumea
396:Temple
305:shanah
287:shanah
283:Hebrew
220:Hebrew
161:Geonim
134:Chazal
82:
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2420:Natan
2243:Akiva
1191:Admon
977:When
907:(pl.
905:Tanna
769:Zohar
710:Yavne
620:after
612:Moses
572:siege
552:Rabbi
475:Philo
462:Moses
412:Judea
285:root
273:tanna
262:Zugot
254:sages
233:tanna
224:תנאים
139:Zugot
87:JSTOR
73:books
2385:Meir
999:ISBN
961:ISBN
931:ISBN
900:2022
887:ISBN
848:ISBN
801:and
779:and
747:and
712:and
680:and
644:Nasi
640:Nasi
614:and
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588:Nasi
556:Nasi
535:Nasi
532:The
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421:and
410:and
380:The
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473:or
339:Lod
299:of
292:שנה
278:תנא
237:תנא
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