5772:
zero and one bit inverted, thus the two "large" values being transparently swapped), requiring only minor adaptations in the encoding. Three other codes can be conveniently split into groups of eight and two states as well, containing values from two ranges of consecutive bit patterns. In the case of the and
5771:
can be used as a flag denoting "large" values. For the two "large" values, all but one bits remain static (the two middle bits are always zero for 8-4-2-1 and one for Jump-at-8 code, whilst for Gray BCD code one bit is set and the other cleared, whereas for Glixon code the two lower bits are always
204:
transformations are applied to the stream of input bits, compressing BCD encoded digits from 12 bits per three digits to 10 bits per three digits. Reversed transformations are used to decode the resulting coded stream to BCD. Equivalent results can also be achieved by the use of a
289:
One prominent application uses a 128-bit register to store 33 decimal digits with a three digit exponent, effectively not less than what could be achieved using binary encoding (whereas BCD encoding would need 144 bits to store the same number of digits).
5780:, the most-significant bit can still be used to distinguish between the two groups, however, compared to the Jump-at-8 code, the group of small values now contains only two states and the larger group contains the eight larger values. In the case of the
113:
to verify the results of his theories independently. IBM filed a patent in their name in 1973, which was granted in 1974. At least by 1973, Hertz's earlier work must have been known to them, as the patent cites his patent as
6099:
5788:, the next-most significant bit can serve as a flag bit instead, with the remaining bits again forming two groups of consecutive values. Therefore, these differences remain transparent for the encoding.
6872:
48:(BCD), uses four bits to encode each digit, resulting in significant wastage of binary data bandwidth (since four bits can store 16 states and are being used to store only 10), even when using
55:
The encoding reduces the storage requirements of two decimal digits (100 states) from 8 to 7 bits, and those of three decimal digits (1000 states) from 12 to 10 bits using only simple
6169:
6745:
6160:
121:
With input from Joseph D. Rutledge and John C. McPherson, the final version of the Chen–Ho encoding was circulated inside IBM in 1974 and published in 1975 in the journal
225:
Both, Hertz and Chen also proposed similar, but less efficient, encoding schemes to compress sets of two decimal digits (requiring 8 bits in BCD) into groups of 7 bits.
6069:
6200:
6048:
6718:
6716:
7005:
6983:
6962:
6691:
6377:
5898:
6906:
6859:
6992:
6971:
6950:
6703:
6679:
6364:
6074:
5949:
222:
bits typically set to 0 on write and ignored on read). With only 2.34% wastage it gives a 20% more efficient encoding than BCD with one digit in 4 bits.
6435:(1). IBM San Jose Research Laboratory, San Jose, California, USA & IBM Systems Products Division, Poughkeepsie/East Fishkill, New York, USA:
5983:
5763:
the values for the states 0 to 7 are still from the same set, but ordered differently (which, however, is transparent for the Hertz, Chen–Ho or
6601:
6124:
5841:
6310:
75:, some of the concepts behind what later became known as Chen–Ho encoding were independently developed by Theodore M. Hertz in 1969 and by
6754:
6436:
6012:
5979:
5885:
89:
6309:[IBM senior expert Dr. Frank Tung came to our school on 4 August to give a speech] (in Chinese and English). Guangzhou, China:
7055:
7036:
7021:
6279:
6112:
5814:
Muller, Jean-Michel; Brisebarre, Nicolas; de
Dinechin, Florent; Jeannerod, Claude-Pierre; Lefèvre, Vincent; Melquiond, Guillaume;
6155:
6008:
6605:
6304:
6808:
6190:
127:. This version included several refinements, primarily related to the application of the encoding system. It constitutes a
6930:
6740:
6038:
5929:
5722:
6522:
6838:
270:
In 1973, some form of Chen–Ho encoding appears to have been utilized in the address conversion hardware of the optional
5728:
7084:
6902:
6796:
6736:
6695:
6671:
6510:
1498:
617:
6552:
6427:
189:
Chen noted that the digits zero through seven were simply encoded using three binary digits of the corresponding
123:
6561:
6079:
5920:
283:
279:
231:
The patents also discuss the possibility to adapt the scheme to digits encoded in any other decimal codes than
6987:
Rinaldi, Russell G.; Moore, Brian B. (1969-03-11) . Written at
Poughkeepsie & New Paltz, New York, USA.
6966:
Rinaldi, Russell G.; Moore, Brian B. (1969-05-20) . Written at
Poughkeepsie & New Paltz, New York, USA.
6945:
Rinaldi, Russell G.; Moore, Brian B. (1967-03-21) . Written at
Poughkeepsie & New Paltz, New York, USA.
201:
175:
56:
197:
to identify a different encoding for the digits eight and nine, which would be encoded using a single bit.
6723:
5781:
5764:
5697:
159:
5785:
264:
6195:
34:
1494:
212:
Chen–Ho encoding is limited to encoding sets of three decimal digits into groups of 10 bits (so called
5972:
6633:
5768:
5691:
155:
45:
6477:
6414:
6352:
6262:
6221:
6165:
76:
6481:
6418:
6356:
6132:
96:
6597:
6589:
6573:
6458:
631:
305:
214:
72:
6144:
110:
6274:(Internal memo to Irving Tze Ho). IBM San Jose Research Laboratory, San Jose, California, USA:
6228:(Internal memo to Irving Tze Ho). IBM San Jose Research Laboratory, San Jose, California, USA:
6766:
6642:
6581:
6450:
6091:
6083:
5941:
5847:
5837:
5773:
260:
6758:
6650:
6646:
6565:
6440:
5933:
5829:
5748:
194:
5902:(NB. This expired patent discusses a coding system very similar to Chen-Ho, also cited as
60:
6266:
6359:(1974-10-15) . Written at San Jose, California, USA & Poughkeepsie, New York, USA.
6543:
5815:
5777:
5752:
248:
244:
218:). Of the 1024 states possible by using 10 bits, it leaves only 24 states unused (with
178:
6016:
7078:
5924:
5825:
5756:
3954:
3339:
2724:
2109:
219:
206:
171:
128:
6593:
6462:
5767:(DPD) encodings, as they pass through the bits unaltered). In these four codes, the
6699:
6547:
6314:
5703:
1230:
Decimal data encoding for a single heptad (patented 1973 form and final 1975 form)
6617:(1 page) (NB. A publication also discussing Chen–Ho alternatives and variations.)
6488:(Technical report). IBM San Jose Research Laboratory, San Jose, California, USA:
228:
Larger sets of decimal digits could be divided into three- and two-digit groups.
6800:
6720:
6675:
6379:
6128:
5900:
5760:
256:
232:
132:
17:
7050:
7019:
Bender, Richard R.; Galage, Dominick J. (August 1961). "Packing Mode
Control".
6988:
6967:
6946:
6922:
6774:
6360:
5881:
6861:
7070/7074 Compatibility
Feature for IBM System/370 Models 165, 165 II, and 168
6762:
6655:
6628:
6514:
5833:
5717:
5712:
49:
6830:
6770:
6585:
6577:
6454:
6087:
5945:
5747:
Some 4-bit decimal codes are particularly well suited as alternatives to the
5903:
5707:
252:
115:
6095:
6569:
6445:
6422:
275:
271:
240:
236:
6629:"Applications of Redundant Number Representations to Decimal Arithmetic"
44:
The traditional system of binary encoding for decimal digits, known as
38:
5937:
907:
Decimal data encoding for a single heptad (early 1971 form, method B)
5819:
109:
at the time, albeit in different locations. Chen also consulted with
3361:
Chen-Ho decimal data encoding for a single declet (final 1975 form)
92:
filed a patent for his encoding in 1969, which was granted in 1971.
6156:"Taiwan's Silicon Valley: The Evolution of Hsinchu Industrial Park"
5755:
uses the same values for the ordered states 0 to 7, whereas in the
27:
An efficient alternate system of binary encoding for decimal digits
7034:
Tilem, J. Y. (December 1962). "Data
Packing and Unpacking Means".
6484:(1974-06-25). "Storage-Efficient Representation of Decimal Data".
5851:
190:
59:
transformations avoiding any complex arithmetic operations like a
6070:"Scientist Given Task To Set Up Science-Oriented Industrial Park"
6047:(in Chinese and English). Translated by Hongfa (宏發), Huang (黃).
7051:"Direct Decimal to Binary Address Generator For Small Memories"
2746:
Decimal data encoding for a single declet (patented 1973 form)
6868:
6804:
6518:
6489:
6275:
6229:
106:
2131:
Decimal data encoding for a single declet (early 1971 form)
1516:
Hertz decimal data encoding for a single declet (1969 form)
267:. The same principles could also be applied to other bases.
158:
published a further refinement of Chen–Ho encoding known as
6989:"Data compression/expansion and compressed data processing"
6947:"Data compression/expansion and compressed data processing"
6968:"Serial digital adder employing a compressed data format"
6381:(NB. This expired patent is about the Chen–Ho algorithm.)
105:) (1921–2003) in 1971. Chen and Ho were both working for
5973:"Honorary Fellow - A Citation - Professor Chen Tien Chi"
154:
since 2000. After having filed a patent for it in 2001,
6347:
6345:
6343:
6341:
6339:
6337:
6335:
6333:
6331:
6698:(2007-11-07) . Written at Winchester, Hampshire, UK.
6505:
6503:
6501:
6499:
6040:陳天機 Chen Tien Chi: 如夢令 Ru Meng Ling (As If Dreaming)
5882:"System for the compact storage of decimal numbers"
3974:
3359:
2744:
2129:
1514:
1228:
905:
628:
302:
6746:IEE Proceedings - Computers and Digital Techniques
6423:"Storage-Efficient Representation of Decimal Data"
6161:Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies
166:in 2002. DPD has subsequently been adopted as the
164:IEE Proceedings – Computers and Digital Techniques
6548:"Comments on a paper by T. C. Chen and I. T. Ho"
6409:
6407:
6871:. June 1973 . GA22-6958-1 (File No. 5/370-13).
6405:
6403:
6401:
6399:
6397:
6395:
6393:
6391:
6389:
6387:
193:group. He also postulated that one could use a
7007:(NB. Three expired patents cited in both, the
6801:"A Summary of Densely Packed Decimal encoding"
6257:
6255:
6253:
6251:
6249:
6247:
6245:
6243:
6241:
6239:
7049:Lengyel, E. J.; McMahon, R. F. (March 1967).
6831:"Chen-Ho Encoding and Densely Packed Decimal"
5809:
5807:
5805:
100:
80:
8:
6515:"A Summary of Chen-Ho Decimal Data encoding"
6078:. Vol. 11, no. 2. Taipei, Taiwan:
5875:
5873:
5871:
5869:
5867:
5865:
5863:
5861:
6993:International Business Machines Corporation
6972:International Business Machines Corporation
6951:International Business Machines Corporation
6704:International Business Machines Corporation
6680:International Business Machines Corporation
6365:International Business Machines Corporation
6361:"Binary coded decimal conversion apparatus"
33:is a memory-efficient alternate system of
6674:(2003-02-25) . Written at Coventry, UK.
6654:
6444:
6168:, Stanford, California, USA. 2000-01-11.
304:Hertz decimal data encoding for a single
6226:Decimal-binary integer conversion scheme
5818:; Stehlé, Damien; Torres, Serge (2010).
3953:Three higher digits, bits b2 and b1 are
3338:Three higher digits, bits b4 and b3 are
2723:Three higher digits, bits b1 and b0 are
2108:Three higher digits, bits b2 and b1 are
7012:
6903:"Packed Decimal Encoding IEEE-754-2008"
5907:
5801:
5740:
3966:This encoding is not parity-preserving.
3351:This encoding is not parity-preserving.
2736:This encoding is not parity-preserving.
2121:This encoding is not parity-preserving.
1220:This encoding is not parity-preserving.
897:This encoding is not parity-preserving.
6726:also discusses the Chen–Ho algorithm.)
3365:
2750:
2135:
1520:
7008:
6641:(4). Department of Computer Science,
5884:(Patent). Whittier, California, USA:
5821:Handbook of Floating-Point Arithmetic
3370:
2755:
2140:
1525:
1239:
1234:
916:
911:
643:
638:
317:
312:
7:
6311:South China University of Technology
6125:"High-Tech Leadership: Irving T. Ho"
3881:3.125% (32 states, 8 used)
3266:3.125% (32 states, 8 used)
2651:3.125% (32 states, 8 used)
2036:3.125% (32 states, 8 used)
1335:25.0% (32 states, 16 used)
95:Chen first discussed his ideas with
6755:Institution of Electrical Engineers
6437:Association for Computing Machinery
6013:The Chinese University of Hong Kong
5980:The Chinese University of Hong Kong
5886:North American Rockwell Corporation
1438:12.5% (16 states, 4 used)
1225:Patented and final Chen–Ho encoding
1175:12.5% (16 states, 0 used)
842:12.5% (16 states, 4 used)
630:Decimal data encoding for a single
571:12.5% (16 states, 0 used)
518:12.5% (16 states, 4 used)
6706:(IBM). European Patent EP1231716A2
6564:, Berkeley, California, USA: 463.
6313:(SCUT). 2004-08-04. Archived from
6045:Classical Chinese Poems in English
6037:Wong, Andrew W. F. (2014-08-15) .
6015:(CUHK). 2013-01-12. Archived from
5880:Hertz, Theodore M. (1971-11-02) .
3376:Code space (1024 states)
2761:Code space (1024 states)
2146:Code space (1024 states)
1531:Code space (1024 states)
1506:Encodings for three decimal digits
739:25% (32 states, 16 used)
25:
7056:IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin
7037:IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin
7022:IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin
6741:"Densely Packed Decimal Encoding"
6702:(Patent). Armonk, New York, USA:
6700:"Decimal to binary coder/decoder"
6678:(Patent). Armonk, New York, USA:
6676:"Decimal to binary coder/decoder"
6363:(Patent). Armonk, New York, USA:
1245:Code space (128 states)
922:Code space (128 states)
649:Code space (128 states)
323:Code space (128 states)
6901:Bonten, Jo H. M. (2009-10-06) .
6645:, Clayton, Victoria, Australia:
6627:Sacks-Davis, Ron (1982-11-01) .
1497:bits (f.e. 0), this encoding is
1493:Assuming certain values for the
902:Early Chen–Ho encoding, method B
625:Early Chen–Ho encoding, method A
294:Encodings for two decimal digits
138:The encoding was referred to as
6933:from the original on 2018-07-21
6909:from the original on 2018-07-11
6878:from the original on 2018-07-22
6841:from the original on 2018-07-03
6811:from the original on 2015-09-24
6608:from the original on 2020-06-03
6525:from the original on 2015-09-24
6285:from the original on 2012-10-17
6203:from the original on 2020-06-25
6172:from the original on 2020-06-26
6102:from the original on 2020-06-25
6051:from the original on 2020-06-25
5989:from the original on 2014-12-25
5952:from the original on 2020-06-24
5725:(UTF) (similar encoding scheme)
3943:
3937:
3931:
3928:
3911:
3898:
3879:
3869:
3863:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3832:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3769:
3735:
3729:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3698:
3669:
3663:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3620:
3610:
3604:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3561:
3543:
3537:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3491:
3475:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3424:Occurrences (1000 states)
3328:
3322:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3264:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3120:
3114:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3005:
2995:
2989:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2946:
2928:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2876:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2809:Occurrences (1000 states)
2713:
2707:
2701:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2649:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2390:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2331:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2261:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2194:Occurrences (1000 states)
2098:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2066:
2053:
2034:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1987:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1924:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1853:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1775:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1716:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1646:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1579:Occurrences (1000 states)
1473:
1467:
1464:
1455:
1436:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1333:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1173:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1132:
1118:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1079:
1065:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1024:
1010:
994:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
877:
871:
868:
859:
840:
827:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
772:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
737:
721:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
569:
553:
547:
544:
535:
516:
503:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
448:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
411:
395:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
71:In what appears to have been a
1281:Occurrences (100 states)
1067:12.5% (16 states, 4 used)
958:Occurrences (100 states)
685:Occurrences (100 states)
359:Occurrences (100 states)
1:
6123:Tseng, Li-Ling (1988-04-01).
5930:American Institute of Physics
5723:Unicode transformation format
6921:Savard, John J. G. (2018) .
6829:Savard, John J. G. (2018) .
6682:(IBM). US Patent US6525679B1
6306:IBM资深专家Frank Tung博士8月4日来我校演讲
5978:. List of Honorary Fellows.
5928:. Vol. 12, no. 2.
634:(early 1971 form, method A)
146:in 1982 and became known as
101:
6995:(IBM). US Patent US3432811A
6974:(IBM). US Patent US3445641A
6953:(IBM). US Patent US3310786A
6797:Cowlishaw, Michael Frederic
6737:Cowlishaw, Michael Frederic
6696:Cowlishaw, Michael Frederic
6672:Cowlishaw, Michael Frederic
6511:Cowlishaw, Michael Frederic
6367:(IBM). US Patent US3842414A
5729:Length-limited Huffman code
7101:
6268:Decimal Number Compression
3368:
2753:
2138:
1523:
278:emulation feature for the
6991:(Patent). New York, USA:
6970:(Patent). New York, USA:
6949:(Patent). New York, USA:
6553:Communications of the ACM
6428:Communications of the ACM
6082:. 1979-02-01. p. 1.
5932:(AIP). 1959. p. 62.
5834:10.1007/978-0-8176-4705-6
3986:
3983:
3980:
3749:
3744:
3680:
3557:
3552:
3492:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3134:
3129:
3065:
2942:
2937:
2877:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2741:Patented Chen–Ho encoding
2519:
2514:
2450:
2327:
2322:
2262:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
1904:
1899:
1835:
1712:
1707:
1647:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1377:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1237:
957:
954:
951:
948:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
914:
781:
684:
681:
678:
675:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
641:
457:
358:
355:
352:
349:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
315:
200:In practice, a series of
124:Communications of the ACM
81:
6905:. Geldrop, Netherlands.
6562:University of California
6305:
6080:National Science Council
6039:
3558:38.4% (384 states)
3488:51.2% (512 states)
2943:38.4% (384 states)
2873:51.2% (512 states)
2328:38.4% (384 states)
2258:51.2% (512 states)
1713:38.4% (384 states)
1643:51.2% (512 states)
280:IBM System/370 Model 165
6763:10.1049/ip-cdt:20020407
6722:(NB. This patent about
6656:10.1093/comjnl/25.4.471
6486:Research Report RJ 1420
3681:9.375% (96 states)
3493:37.5% (384 states)
3429:50.0% (512 states)
3066:9.375% (96 states)
2878:37.5% (384 states)
2814:50.0% (512 states)
2451:9.375% (96 states)
2263:37.5% (384 states)
2199:50.0% (512 states)
1836:9.375% (96 states)
1648:37.5% (384 states)
1584:50.0% (512 states)
176:ISO/IEC/IEEE 60559:2011
5971:Parker, David (2003).
5888:. US Patent US3618047A
5765:densely packed decimal
5698:Densely packed decimal
3750:9.6% (96 states)
3356:Final Chen–Ho encoding
3135:9.6% (96 states)
2520:9.6% (96 states)
2126:Early Chen–Ho encoding
1905:9.6% (96 states)
1388:12.5% (16 states)
1120:12.5% (16 states)
1012:12.5% (16 states)
792:12.5% (16 states)
468:12.5% (16 states)
413:12.5% (16 states)
160:densely packed decimal
6570:10.1145/360933.360986
6446:10.1145/360569.360660
6196:San Jose Mercury News
3959:0.8% (8 states)
3344:0.8% (8 states)
2729:0.8% (8 states)
2114:0.8% (8 states)
1433:16% (16 states)
1383:16% (16 states)
1330:64% (64 states)
1170:16% (16 states)
1062:16% (16 states)
1007:64% (64 states)
837:16% (16 states)
787:16% (16 states)
734:64% (64 states)
616:This encoding is not
513:16% (16 states)
463:16% (16 states)
408:64% (64 states)
6634:The Computer Journal
5769:most-significant bit
5692:Binary-coded decimal
1286:50% (64 states)
963:50% (64 states)
690:50% (64 states)
364:50% (64 states)
156:Michael F. Cowlishaw
140:Chen and Ho's scheme
46:binary-coded decimal
6166:Stanford University
3977:
3976:Storage efficiency
3362:
2747:
2132:
1517:
1486:4% (4 states)
1231:
1213:0% (0 states)
1115:4% (4 states)
908:
890:4% (4 states)
635:
609:0% (0 states)
566:4% (4 states)
309:
85:) (1928–) in 1971.
4010:3-digit encoding
4007:2-digit encoding
4001:Binary code space
3975:
3971:Storage efficiency
3876:(8–9) (8–9) (0–7)
3813:(8–9) (0–7) (8–9)
3676:(0–7) (0–7) (8–9)
3617:(0–7) (8–9) (0–7)
3485:Three lower digits
3360:
3261:(8–9) (8–9) (0–7)
3198:(8–9) (0–7) (8–9)
3061:(0–7) (0–7) (8–9)
3002:(0–7) (8–9) (0–7)
2870:Three lower digits
2745:
2646:(8–9) (8–9) (0–7)
2583:(8–9) (0–7) (8–9)
2446:(0–7) (0–7) (8–9)
2387:(0–7) (8–9) (0–7)
2255:Three lower digits
2130:
2031:(8–9) (8–9) (0–7)
1968:(8–9) (0–7) (8–9)
1831:(0–7) (0–7) (8–9)
1772:(0–7) (8–9) (0–7)
1640:Three lower digits
1515:
1229:
906:
629:
303:
162:(DPD) encoding in
73:multiple discovery
7085:Binary arithmetic
6753:(3). London, UK:
6643:Monash University
6421:(January 1975) .
5938:10.1063/1.3060696
5921:"We hear that..."
5843:978-0-8176-4704-9
5786:Gray–Stibitz code
5683:
5682:
4016:Mixed vs. Binary
4004:Binary encoding
3963:
3962:
3950:(8–9) (8–9) (8–9)
3747:two higher digits
3742:(0–7) (8–9) (8–9)
3553:Two lower digits,
3550:(8–9) (0–7) (0–7)
3482:(0–7) (0–7) (0–7)
3348:
3347:
3335:(8–9) (8–9) (8–9)
3132:two higher digits
3127:(0–7) (8–9) (8–9)
2938:Two lower digits,
2935:(8–9) (0–7) (0–7)
2867:(0–7) (0–7) (0–7)
2733:
2732:
2720:(8–9) (8–9) (8–9)
2517:two higher digits
2512:(0–7) (8–9) (8–9)
2323:Two lower digits,
2320:(8–9) (0–7) (0–7)
2252:(0–7) (0–7) (0–7)
2118:
2117:
2105:(8–9) (8–9) (8–9)
1902:two higher digits
1897:(0–7) (8–9) (8–9)
1708:Two lower digits,
1705:(8–9) (0–7) (0–7)
1637:(0–7) (0–7) (0–7)
1490:
1489:
1483:Two higher digits
1217:
1216:
1112:Two higher digits
894:
893:
887:Two higher digits
613:
612:
563:Two higher digits
265:Gray–Stibitz code
152:Chen–Ho algorithm
16:(Redirected from
7092:
7071:
7069:
7068:
7045:
7030:
7003:
7001:
7000:
6981:
6980:
6979:
6960:
6959:
6958:
6941:
6939:
6938:
6917:
6915:
6914:
6888:
6886:
6884:
6883:
6877:
6866:
6856:
6850:
6849:
6847:
6846:
6826:
6820:
6819:
6817:
6816:
6793:
6787:
6785:
6783:
6782:
6773:. Archived from
6757:(IEE): 102–104.
6733:
6727:
6714:
6712:
6711:
6689:
6688:
6687:
6668:
6662:
6660:
6658:
6647:Wiley Heyden Ltd
6624:
6618:
6616:
6614:
6613:
6546:(August 1975) .
6540:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6530:
6507:
6494:
6493:
6474:
6468:
6466:
6448:
6411:
6382:
6375:
6373:
6372:
6349:
6326:
6325:
6323:
6322:
6301:
6295:
6293:
6291:
6290:
6284:
6278:. pp. 1–4.
6273:
6259:
6234:
6233:
6218:
6212:
6211:
6209:
6208:
6187:
6181:
6180:
6178:
6177:
6152:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6140:
6131:. Archived from
6120:
6114:
6110:
6108:
6107:
6075:Science Bulletin
6066:
6060:
6059:
6057:
6056:
6034:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6024:
6005:
5999:
5997:
5995:
5994:
5988:
5977:
5968:
5962:
5960:
5958:
5957:
5917:
5911:
5896:
5894:
5893:
5877:
5856:
5855:
5811:
5789:
5749:8-4-2-1 BCD code
5745:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5014:
5011:
5008:
5005:
4995:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4985:
4982:
4979:
4949:
4948:
4945:
4942:
4939:
4936:
4933:
4923:
4922:
4919:
4916:
4913:
4910:
4907:
4877:
4876:
4873:
4870:
4867:
4864:
4854:
4853:
4850:
4847:
4844:
4841:
4811:
4810:
4807:
4804:
4801:
4798:
4788:
4787:
4784:
4781:
4778:
4775:
4745:
4744:
4741:
4738:
4735:
4732:
4722:
4721:
4718:
4715:
4712:
4709:
4679:
4678:
4675:
4672:
4669:
4659:
4658:
4655:
4652:
4649:
4619:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4599:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4589:
4559:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4532:
4529:
4499:
4498:
4495:
4492:
4482:
4481:
4478:
4475:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4438:
4428:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4384:
4374:
4373:
4370:
4367:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4323:
4322:
4319:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4275:
4274:
4271:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4193:
4192:
4182:
4181:
4151:
4150:
4140:
4139:
4109:
4101:
4073:
4065:
4037:
4029:
3978:
3745:One lower digit,
3555:one higher digit
3366:Binary encoding
3363:
3130:One lower digit,
2940:one higher digit
2751:Binary encoding
2748:
2515:One lower digit,
2325:one higher digit
2136:Binary encoding
2133:
1900:One lower digit,
1710:one higher digit
1521:Binary encoding
1518:
1380:one higher digit
1378:One lower digit,
1327:Two lower digits
1235:Binary encoding
1232:
1167:one higher digit
1165:One lower digit,
1059:one higher digit
1057:One lower digit,
1004:Two lower digits
912:Binary encoding
909:
784:one higher digit
782:One lower digit,
731:Two lower digits
639:Binary encoding
636:
460:one higher digit
458:One lower digit,
405:Two lower digits
313:Binary encoding
310:
168:decimal encoding
148:Chen–Ho encoding
104:
103:
84:
83:
31:Chen–Ho encoding
21:
18:Chen-Ho encoding
7100:
7099:
7095:
7094:
7093:
7091:
7090:
7089:
7075:
7074:
7066:
7064:
7048:
7033:
7018:
7013:Chen–Ho patents
6998:
6996:
6986:
6977:
6975:
6965:
6956:
6954:
6944:
6936:
6934:
6923:"Base-26 Armor"
6920:
6912:
6910:
6900:
6897:
6895:Further reading
6892:
6891:
6881:
6879:
6875:
6864:
6858:
6857:
6853:
6844:
6842:
6828:
6827:
6823:
6814:
6812:
6799:(2007-02-13) .
6795:
6794:
6790:
6780:
6778:
6739:(2002-08-07) .
6735:
6734:
6730:
6709:
6707:
6694:
6685:
6683:
6670:
6669:
6665:
6626:
6625:
6621:
6611:
6609:
6544:Smith, Alan Jay
6542:
6541:
6537:
6528:
6526:
6509:
6508:
6497:
6476:
6475:
6471:
6413:
6412:
6385:
6370:
6368:
6351:
6350:
6329:
6320:
6318:
6307:
6303:
6302:
6298:
6288:
6286:
6282:
6271:
6261:
6260:
6237:
6220:
6219:
6215:
6206:
6204:
6189:
6188:
6184:
6175:
6173:
6154:
6153:
6149:
6138:
6136:
6122:
6121:
6117:
6105:
6103:
6068:
6067:
6063:
6054:
6052:
6041:
6036:
6035:
6031:
6022:
6020:
6009:"CHEN Tien Chi"
6007:
6006:
6002:
5992:
5990:
5986:
5975:
5970:
5969:
5965:
5955:
5953:
5919:
5918:
5914:
5891:
5889:
5879:
5878:
5859:
5844:
5816:Revol, Nathalie
5813:
5812:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5792:
5778:Jump-at-2 codes
5746:
5742:
5737:
5688:
5018:
5015:
5012:
5009:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4992:
4989:
4986:
4983:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4920:
4917:
4914:
4911:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4874:
4871:
4868:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4851:
4848:
4845:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4808:
4805:
4802:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4742:
4739:
4736:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4676:
4673:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4616:
4613:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4596:
4593:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4556:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4479:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4388:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4190:
4188:
4179:
4177:
4148:
4146:
4137:
4135:
4107:
4099:
4071:
4063:
4035:
4027:
4013:Mixed encoding
3987:Bit difference
3984:Necessary bits
3973:
3746:
3554:
3418:Values encoded
3371:Decimal digits
3358:
3131:
2939:
2803:Values encoded
2756:Decimal digits
2743:
2516:
2324:
2188:Values encoded
2141:Decimal digits
2128:
1901:
1709:
1573:Values encoded
1526:Decimal digits
1513:
1508:
1379:
1275:Values encoded
1240:Decimal digits
1227:
1166:
1058:
952:Values encoded
917:Decimal digits
904:
783:
679:Values encoded
644:Decimal digits
627:
459:
353:Values encoded
318:Decimal digits
301:
296:
187:
144:Chen's encoding
111:Frank Chin Tung
69:
61:base conversion
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7098:
7096:
7088:
7087:
7077:
7076:
7073:
7072:
7046:
7031:
7016:
6942:
6918:
6896:
6893:
6890:
6889:
6867:(2 ed.).
6851:
6821:
6788:
6728:
6663:
6619:
6535:
6495:
6482:Ho, Irving Tze
6478:Chen, Tien Chi
6469:
6419:Ho, Irving Tze
6415:Chen, Tien Chi
6383:
6357:Ho, Irving Tze
6353:Chen, Tien Chi
6327:
6296:
6265:(1971-03-29).
6263:Chen, Tien Chi
6235:
6224:(1971-03-12).
6222:Chen, Tien Chi
6213:
6199:. 2003-04-26.
6191:"Irving T. Ho"
6182:
6147:
6115:
6061:
6029:
6000:
5963:
5912:
5908:Chen–Ho patent
5857:
5842:
5824:(1 ed.).
5800:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5782:O'Brien type-I
5753:Jump-at-8 code
5739:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5731:
5726:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5701:
5695:
5687:
5684:
5681:
5680:
5677:
5674:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5662:
5659:
5656:
5653:
5649:
5648:
5645:
5642:
5639:
5636:
5633:
5630:
5627:
5624:
5621:
5617:
5616:
5613:
5610:
5607:
5604:
5601:
5598:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5585:
5584:
5581:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5569:
5566:
5563:
5560:
5557:
5553:
5552:
5549:
5546:
5543:
5540:
5537:
5534:
5531:
5528:
5525:
5521:
5520:
5517:
5514:
5511:
5508:
5505:
5502:
5499:
5496:
5493:
5489:
5488:
5485:
5482:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5470:
5467:
5464:
5461:
5457:
5456:
5453:
5450:
5447:
5444:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5432:
5429:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5418:
5415:
5412:
5409:
5406:
5403:
5400:
5397:
5393:
5392:
5389:
5386:
5383:
5380:
5377:
5374:
5371:
5368:
5365:
5361:
5360:
5357:
5354:
5351:
5348:
5345:
5342:
5339:
5336:
5333:
5329:
5328:
5325:
5322:
5319:
5316:
5313:
5310:
5307:
5304:
5301:
5297:
5296:
5293:
5290:
5287:
5284:
5281:
5278:
5275:
5272:
5269:
5265:
5264:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5243:
5240:
5237:
5233:
5232:
5229:
5226:
5223:
5220:
5217:
5214:
5211:
5208:
5205:
5201:
5200:
5197:
5194:
5191:
5188:
5185:
5182:
5179:
5176:
5173:
5169:
5168:
5165:
5162:
5159:
5156:
5153:
5150:
5147:
5144:
5141:
5137:
5136:
5133:
5130:
5127:
5124:
5121:
5118:
5115:
5112:
5109:
5105:
5104:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5092:
5089:
5086:
5083:
5080:
5077:
5073:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5063:
5060:
5057:
5054:
5051:
5048:
5045:
5041:
5040:
5037:
5034:
5031:
5028:
5025:
5022:
4999:
4996:
4973:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4959:
4956:
4953:
4950:
4927:
4924:
4901:
4897:
4896:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4884:
4881:
4878:
4858:
4855:
4835:
4831:
4830:
4827:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4815:
4812:
4792:
4789:
4769:
4765:
4764:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4749:
4746:
4726:
4723:
4703:
4699:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4689:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4663:
4660:
4643:
4639:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4629:
4626:
4623:
4620:
4603:
4600:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4575:
4572:
4569:
4566:
4563:
4560:
4543:
4540:
4523:
4519:
4518:
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4021:
4020:
4019:Mixed vs. BCD
4017:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4005:
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3999:
3996:
3993:
3989:
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2017:
2011:
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1994:
1989:
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1511:Hertz encoding
1509:
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388:
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365:
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351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
320:
319:
316:
314:
300:
299:Hertz encoding
297:
295:
292:
261:O'Brien type-I
186:
183:
179:floating-point
68:
65:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7097:
7086:
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6855:
6852:
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6810:
6806:
6802:
6798:
6792:
6789:
6777:on 2017-05-20
6776:
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6358:
6354:
6348:
6346:
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6342:
6340:
6338:
6336:
6334:
6332:
6328:
6317:on 2004-12-08
6316:
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6308:
6300:
6297:
6281:
6277:
6270:
6269:
6264:
6258:
6256:
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6197:
6192:
6186:
6183:
6171:
6167:
6163:
6162:
6157:
6151:
6148:
6145:
6135:on 2016-02-08
6134:
6130:
6126:
6119:
6116:
6113:
6101:
6097:
6093:
6089:
6085:
6081:
6077:
6076:
6071:
6065:
6062:
6050:
6046:
6042:
6033:
6030:
6019:on 2015-10-23
6018:
6014:
6010:
6004:
6001:
5985:
5981:
5974:
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5964:
5951:
5947:
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5927:
5926:
5925:Physics Today
5922:
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5029:
5026:
5023:
5000:
4997:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4963:
4960:
4957:
4954:
4951:
4928:
4925:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4888:
4885:
4882:
4879:
4859:
4856:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4828:
4825:
4822:
4819:
4816:
4813:
4793:
4790:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4762:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4727:
4724:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4696:
4693:
4690:
4687:
4684:
4681:
4664:
4661:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4633:
4630:
4627:
4624:
4621:
4604:
4601:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4576:
4573:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4544:
4541:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4516:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4504:
4501:
4487:
4484:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4459:
4456:
4453:
4450:
4447:
4433:
4430:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4408:
4405:
4402:
4399:
4396:
4393:
4379:
4376:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4345:
4342:
4339:
4328:
4325:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4280:
4277:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4232:
4229:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4187:
4184:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4145:
4142:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4106:
4103:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4090:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4070:
4067:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4034:
4031:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4015:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3979:
3970:
3965:
3964:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3941:
3935:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3875:
3873:
3867:
3861:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3810:
3804:
3798:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3741:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3673:
3667:
3661:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3616:
3614:
3608:
3602:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3549:
3547:
3541:
3535:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3473:
3467:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3374:
3364:
3355:
3350:
3349:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3260:
3258:
3252:
3246:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3126:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3001:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2934:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2759:
2749:
2740:
2735:
2734:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2687:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2645:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2580:
2574:
2568:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2511:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2386:
2384:
2378:
2372:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2319:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2144:
2134:
2125:
2120:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2022:
2016:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1896:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1704:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1529:
1519:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1471:
1461:
1458:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1421:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1374:
1372:
1366:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1315:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1268:
1243:
1233:
1224:
1219:
1218:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1153:
1138:
1135:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1100:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1045:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1006:
1003:
1000:
998:
992:
968:
965:
962:
961:
945:
920:
910:
901:
896:
895:
889:
886:
883:
881:
875:
865:
862:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
841:
836:
833:
831:
825:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
791:
790:
786:
778:
776:
770:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
738:
733:
730:
727:
725:
719:
695:
692:
689:
688:
672:
647:
637:
633:
624:
619:
615:
614:
608:
606:
604:
602:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
570:
565:
562:
559:
557:
551:
541:
538:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
517:
512:
509:
507:
501:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
467:
466:
462:
454:
452:
446:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
412:
407:
404:
401:
399:
393:
369:
366:
363:
362:
346:
321:
311:
307:
298:
293:
291:
287:
285:
284:370 Model 168
281:
277:
273:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
229:
226:
223:
221:
217:
216:
210:
208:
207:look-up table
203:
198:
196:
192:
184:
182:
180:
177:
173:
172:IEEE 754-2008
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
136:
134:
130:
126:
125:
119:
117:
112:
108:
98:
97:Irving Tze Ho
93:
91:
86:
78:
77:Tien Chi Chen
74:
66:
64:
62:
58:
53:
51:
47:
42:
40:
37:encoding for
36:
32:
19:
7065:. Retrieved
7060:
7054:
7041:
7035:
7026:
7020:
6997:. Retrieved
6976:. Retrieved
6955:. Retrieved
6935:. Retrieved
6926:
6911:. Retrieved
6887:(31+5 pages)
6880:. Retrieved
6860:
6854:
6843:. Retrieved
6834:
6824:
6813:. Retrieved
6791:
6779:. Retrieved
6775:the original
6750:
6744:
6731:
6708:. Retrieved
6684:. Retrieved
6666:
6638:
6632:
6622:
6610:. Retrieved
6557:
6551:
6538:
6527:. Retrieved
6485:
6472:
6432:
6426:
6369:. Retrieved
6319:. Retrieved
6315:the original
6299:
6287:. Retrieved
6267:
6225:
6216:
6205:. Retrieved
6194:
6185:
6174:. Retrieved
6159:
6150:
6137:. Retrieved
6133:the original
6118:
6104:. Retrieved
6073:
6064:
6053:. Retrieved
6044:
6032:
6021:. Retrieved
6017:the original
6003:
5991:. Retrieved
5966:
5954:. Retrieved
5923:
5915:
5890:. Retrieved
5820:
5774:Excess-6 BCD
5761:Glixon codes
5743:
5704:DEC RADIX 50
3945:
3939:
3933:
3923:
3916:
3907:
3902:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3841:
3836:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3778:
3773:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3737:
3731:
3725:
3707:
3702:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3671:
3665:
3659:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3612:
3606:
3600:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3545:
3539:
3533:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3432:
3421:Description
3330:
3324:
3318:
3302:
3295:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3256:
3250:
3244:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3193:
3187:
3181:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3017:
3012:
3007:
2997:
2991:
2985:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2930:
2924:
2918:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2817:
2806:Description
2715:
2709:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2641:
2635:
2629:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2202:
2191:Description
2100:
2094:
2088:
2078:
2071:
2062:
2057:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2026:
2020:
2014:
1996:
1991:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1933:
1928:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1862:
1857:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1587:
1576:Description
1501:-preserving.
1475:
1469:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1425:
1419:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1370:
1364:
1343:
1338:
1319:
1313:
1289:
1278:Description
1191:
1183:
1178:
1157:
1151:
1136:
1128:
1123:
1104:
1098:
1083:
1075:
1070:
1049:
1043:
1028:
1020:
1015:
996:
990:
966:
955:Description
879:
873:
855:
850:
845:
829:
823:
805:
800:
795:
774:
768:
747:
742:
723:
717:
693:
682:Description
620:-preserving.
584:
579:
574:
555:
549:
531:
526:
521:
505:
499:
481:
476:
471:
450:
444:
426:
421:
416:
397:
391:
367:
356:Description
308:(1969 form)
288:
269:
235:, like f.e.
230:
227:
224:
213:
211:
199:
188:
170:used in the
167:
163:
151:
147:
143:
139:
137:
122:
120:
94:
87:
70:
54:
43:
30:
29:
7044:(7): 48–49.
7029:(3): 61–63.
7004:(11 pages)
6982:(40 pages)
6961:(60 pages)
6649:: 471–477.
6376:(14 pages)
6129:Taiwan Info
1480:(8–9) (8–9)
1430:(0–7) (8–9)
1375:(8–9) (0–7)
1324:(0–7) (0–7)
1162:(0–7) (8–9)
1109:(8–9) (8–9)
1054:(8–9) (0–7)
1001:(0–7) (0–7)
884:(8–9) (8–9)
834:(0–7) (8–9)
779:(8–9) (0–7)
728:(0–7) (0–7)
560:(8–9) (8–9)
510:(0–7) (8–9)
455:(8–9) (0–7)
402:(0–7) (0–7)
286:computers.
233:8-4-2-1 BCD
185:Application
181:standards.
133:prefix code
7067:2020-06-03
7063:(10): 1347
6999:2018-07-18
6978:2018-07-18
6957:2018-07-18
6937:2018-07-21
6913:2018-07-11
6882:2018-07-21
6845:2018-07-16
6815:2016-02-07
6781:2016-02-07
6715:(9 pages)
6710:2018-07-18
6690:(6 pages)
6686:2018-07-18
6612:2020-06-03
6529:2016-02-07
6371:2018-07-18
6321:2016-02-06
6289:2016-02-07
6207:2020-06-25
6176:2017-05-02
6139:2016-02-08
6106:2020-06-24
6055:2020-06-25
6023:2016-02-07
5993:2020-06-24
5956:2020-06-24
5897:(8 pages)
5892:2018-07-18
5852:2009939668
5826:Birkhäuser
5796:References
5718:Packed BCD
5713:IBM SQUOZE
3955:don't care
3340:don't care
2725:don't care
2110:don't care
1495:don't-care
220:don't care
50:packed BCD
6927:quadibloc
6835:quadibloc
6786:(3 pages)
6771:1350-2387
6661:(7 pages)
6586:0001-0782
6578:1557-7317
6513:(2014) .
6467:(4 pages)
6455:0001-0782
6439:: 49–52.
6294:(4 pages)
6111:(1 page)
6088:1607-3509
5998:(2 pages)
5946:0031-9228
5904:prior art
249:Jump-at-8
245:Jump-at-2
142:in 1975,
116:prior art
88:Hertz of
7079:Category
6931:Archived
6907:Archived
6873:Archived
6839:Archived
6809:Archived
6606:Archived
6594:20910959
6523:Archived
6463:14301378
6280:Archived
6201:Archived
6170:Archived
6100:Archived
6049:Archived
5984:Archived
5982:(CUHK).
5961:(1 page)
5950:Archived
5757:Gray BCD
5686:See also
272:IBM 7070
241:Excess-6
237:Excess-3
90:Rockwell
41:digits.
6096:1658005
5906:in the
3995:States
3992:Digits
215:declets
202:Boolean
129:Huffman
67:History
57:Boolean
39:decimal
6769:
6602:CACMA2
6600:
6592:
6584:
6576:
6461:
6453:
6094:
6086:
5944:
5850:
5840:
1499:parity
632:heptad
618:parity
306:heptad
257:Glixon
131:-like
35:binary
7009:Hertz
6876:(PDF)
6865:(PDF)
6598:CODEN
6590:S2CID
6574:eISSN
6560:(8).
6459:S2CID
6283:(PDF)
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