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Ximing actually misinformed him about the student protests. Regarding the report he read on behalf of the
Communist Party, he contends that he was never part of the drafting process of the report. This is confirmed by Li Peng's unpublished diary, which stated in its June 18 entry that he and Jiang Zemin in a PSC meeting chose Chen Xitong to read the report even though he was not at the draft meeting. On his administration of the martial law order, Chen was puzzled by the idea that he was in charge of the crackdown of June 3–4 and claims he had no knowledge of this until Li Peng's diary surfaced in 2010. Wu Guoguang's foreword states that due to the chaotic nature of those few days, it is plausible that Chen was not informed about his role in the crackdown in advance. He would go on to say he was "sorry" for the event of June 4, 1989, saying that no one should have died in the crackdown. He rejected reports that thousands of people died in Tiananmen Square as "nonsense", while also pointing to violence that occurred against People's Liberation Army forces. There are also reports that Chen Xitong stated that he is a staunch communist, and opposing unrest was his basic attitude during that day and he has not changed this view.
451:, students began a hunger strike. Zhao Ziyang appointed Chen Xitong and Li Ximing as part of a delegation to meet with the students at Tiananmen. Students accused Chen of living too extravagant a lifestyle, to which he responded, “We have made some mistakes.” Chen Xitong and Li Ximing even offered to disclose their assets as a way to calm protesters and absolve themselves of corruption charges. However, they were not able to reach any meaningful agreement with students concerning any of the matters raised. On May 18 students met with Li Peng to discuss conditions for vacating the square. In this meeting, Chen Xitong noted the hassle the protest had caused the city of Beijing and its effect on the city's traffic and productivity. According to the May 18th entry of Li Peng's unpublished diary,
535:, presents the argument that Chen Xitong exaggerated the dangers posed by the initial protests in his April 24 report to the PSC. This exaggeration is believed to have launched the domino effect that led to the eventual crackdown of the protest. Some reasons given for this possible exaggeration include – the idea that Chen, fearing repercussions of allowing a protest to continue in his jurisdiction, exaggerated the dangers posed by the protesters to convince the PSC to quell it immediately. Ogden
457:, in a Committee meeting to decide the next course of action, Chen Xitong was put in charge of carrying out a martial law order with assistance from a military general. On May 20, martial law was effected with an order banning protests and strikes signed by Chen Xitong. This again exacerbated the crisis as more people showed up to support the students in reaction to the announcement and prevented soldiers from carrying out the order to clear the square.
601:, died by suicide in 1994, which led to a confrontational power struggle between the "Beijing clique" and the "Shanghai clique". It was later stated that the money that Chen embezzled was used to build vacational recreation centers, which catered to most top-tier politicians in Beijing at the time. Chen was also accused of having an extramarital affair with He Ping. In 1998, Chen Xitong was given a 16-year jail sentence on charges of
543:, to get promoted within the party. This they felt they could achieve if Zhao and his appointees were pushed out. Chen Xitong was regularly accused by protesters of corruption and some demanded that he be impeached, accusing him of controlling the media like a “shameless warlord.” Chen Xitong was allied with many of the more famous targets of the protesters, like Li Peng.
624:: Tiān nù—Fǎntānjú zài Xíngdòng), published in 1996, is a fictionalized account of the Chen Xitong case written from the point of a view of an investigator. A small-scale, disorganized ban occurred shortly after publication, but the ban seems to have been overturned sometime later, with the book being available for sale on Chinese book websites.
364:, but were ignored. Chen Xitong blamed lower party officials for leading the students to believe they could have an audience with Li Peng. Chen Xitong, on April 23, called a meeting with presidents of various Beijing universities, chastised them for their passivity and asked them to gather more information on the protests. On the same day,
384:
to address the issue of the student protest. On April 24, Li Peng presided over a PSC meeting at which Chen Xitong and Li Ximing made official reports on behalf of the
Beijing Municipal Party Committee. They presented the student protest as planned and well organized. In their reports, they stressed
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celebration attended by 20,000 children, telling the children not to worry about the protest, elaborating that they would gain access to
Tiananmen Square very soon. Chen Xitong and Li Ximing then went to Deng Xiaoping's home on June 2 and gave him a report that portrayed the protest as part of an
577:
was published by New
Century Press. In this book Chen sought to challenge the idea that he played an important part in the crackdown. As for the idea that he convinced Deng Xiaoping to adopt hard line tactics, Chen argues that he had never been to Deng Xiaoping's house. He argues further that Li
427:
In another PSC meeting on May 1, after the government failed to clear the square in reaction to the April 26th editorial, Chen Xitong, on behalf of the
Beijing Party Committee, accused the Standing Committee of betrayal. The Beijing Municipal Government had announced stricter limits on protests,
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students repeatedly broke police lines meant to deter them from going to the square. On April 30 Chen Xitong and Li Ximing met with the
Beijing College Student Association, an officially approved organization that was not affiliated with the protesting students.
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would however be rewarded with promotions within the party. He was selected as the
Beijing Party Secretary in 1991 after Li Ximing fell out of favour because of his opposition to Deng's economic reforms. Chen also earned a seat within Politburo in 1992.
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Political
Scientist Joseph Fewsmith argues Chen Xitong was in the running to replace Zhao Ziyang, but Deng Xiaoping felt his public hardline stance in the Tiananmen protests made him a difficult choice to succeed Zhao. This compared to
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connection with dissidents in New York. Chen Xitong maintained that protesters were influenced by foreign actors and did not invite foreign news agencies to his press conferences until March 7, 1990.
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As the leader of "Beijing clique", Chen challenged Jiang Zemin's newly obtained authority during his presidency. This led to Chen's downfall in 1995 during an anti-corruption campaign led by Jiang's
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By June 5, Chen Xitong was one of the first CCP officials to give an official statement concerning the events. Chen Xitong did not appear on television to give this statement. James Miles,
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was closed down after the crackdown. However, the speech focused on the role Zhao Ziyang played in the crisis than that played by the official “black hands” of the crisis, Chen Ziming and
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419:, based largely on Deng Xiaoping's reaction to Li Peng's report that painted the protest as turmoil. This echoed rhetoric of the Cultural Revolution and exacerbated the protests. On
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Beijing correspondent at the time, believes his physical absence to back up the statement was a sign of the Party's political uncertainty following the crackdown. On June 30 at the
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436:, “as a piece of wastepaper.” On May 8, Chen Xitong accused Zhao Ziyang of betraying the Standing Committee in the conciliatory speech Zhao gave about the student protest at the
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in April 1988. He also served as the head of international goodwill delegations to a variety of places including North Korea, U.S.A, Moscow, France, Ankara, Warsaw, East Berlin.
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who was able to incentivize workers in
Shanghai to remove roadblocks and students, a feat that gained the respect of party elders. Chen Xitong's loyalty to Deng Xiaoping's
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Chen died of cancer on June 2, 2013, two days before the 24th anniversary of the
Tiananmen Crackdown, and less than two months before his release date. He was 82.
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405:. Based on this report, Li Peng updated Deng Xiaoping on the protests and Deng responded that "this was no ordinary student movement." By April 25 phone lines at
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Beijing Social and Economic Science Research Institute, of attempting to protect Zhao Ziyang and overthrow Deng Xiaoping. He also accused the paper of pushing a
349:, university students in Beijing, who saw Hu as a reformer, seized the opportunity of his mourning to protest a variety of issues they felt plagued the country.
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led to his return to the Beijing Party office in 1979. By 1982, he was the Secretary of Beijing Municipality Communist Party and was elected as a member of the
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A Heart for Freedom: The Remarkable Journey of a Young Dissident, her Daring Escape, and her Quest to Free China's Daughters
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Young, Ernest (1994). "Imagining the Ancien Regime in the Deng Era". In Wasserstrom, Jeffrey N; Perry, Elizabeth J (eds.).
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also posit that the second-generation of hardliners, to which Chen belonged, maintained their tough stance, in unison with
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based on interviews with Chen, authored by Yao Jianfu, a retired journalist of the Xinhua News Agency, with a foreword by
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and stated that the committee should not take the protest lightly. They argued that the protests included "...
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590:. Some observers view Chen's downfall as a political struggle between Chen and Jiang. According to the book
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296:(Beijing Municipality Communist Party 2nd Secretary), deputy head of a rural commune and Party Secretary of
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401:..." and were growing at an alarming rate. They also highlighted remarks targeted at Deng Xiaoping, the
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Hicks, George (1990). "Selected Documents and Statements". In Hicks, George L.; Asai, Motofumi (eds.).
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Oksenberg, Michel (1990). Oksenberg, Michel; Sullivan, Lawrence R; Lambert, Marc; Li, Qiao. (eds.).
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492:’ (NPC) 8th session, Chen Xitong delivered the CCP’s official narrative of the events titled
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Zhao, Ziyang (2009). Bao, Pu; Chiang, Renee; Ignatius, Adi; MacFarquhar, Roderick (eds.).
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316:. In April 1983, Chen Xitong became Mayor of Beijing Municipality and was appointed as a
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520:. It also focused on foreign influences. Chen Xitong accused anti-socialist actors from
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of facilitating the student protest by providing weapons and money. He also denounced
338:. He played a central role in the events that unfolded during and after the protests.
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2236:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 637.
1700:(International trade paper ed.). Carol Stream, Ill.: Tyndale House Publishers.
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Cries for Democracy: Writings and Speeches from the 1989 Chinese Democracy Movement
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19:
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Corruption And Realism in Late Socialist China: The Return of the Political Novel
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1593:. Institut für Asienkunde (Hamburg, Germany) (2nd ed.). München: K.G. Saur.
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international plot to derail the progress of China. On the night of June 3, the
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Corruption by Design: Building Clean Government in Mainland China and Hong Kong
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Behind the Tiananmen Massacre: Social, Political, and Economic Ferment in China
1548:(Audio Recording). Hong Kong: French Centre for Research on Contemporary China.
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On April 22, during Hu's state funeral, students knelt down in front of the
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Neither Gods nor Emperors: Students and the Struggle for Democracy in China
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2152:(1st softcover ed.). Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
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China's Search for Democracy: The Student and the Mass Movement of 1989
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Beijing Spring, 1989: Confrontation and Conflict: The Basic Documents
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621:
609:. His son, Chen Xiaotong, was also sentenced for 12 years. Chen left
494:
Checking the Turmoil and Quelling the Counter-revolutionary Rebellion
373:
239:
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Members of the 13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
5423:
Members of the 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
2700:
Commission for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense
432:, the General Secretary of the CCP, to describe these limits in his
256:
until he was removed from office on charges of corruption in 1995.
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4226:
4216:
4083:
3617:
3560:
1794:"Beijing Journal; Politics, Sex and Murder! A Banned Best-Seller!"
1658:"Chen Xitong, Beijing Mayor During Tiananmen Protests, Dies at 82"
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in 2004 under probation, officially due to reasons of ill health.
265:
170:
2150:
Beyond Tiananmen: The Politics of U.S.-China Relations, 1989-2000
304:
and forced to clean toilets for some time. His early support for
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at the age of 18 and majored in Chinese Language. He joined the
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By November 1979 when he had been elected as the vice-mayor of
1928:"Another Ousted China Party Chief Challenges Case Against Him"
1645:"Tiananmen Crackdown was a Tragedy, says Former Beijing Mayor"
485:
2012:
The Struggle for Tiananmen: Anatomy of the 1989 Mass Movement
5433:
Members of the 14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
1072:
428:
which were enthusiastically ignored by protesters. This led
618:
The Wrath of Heaven — the Anti-Corruption Bureau in Action
2305:
Prisoner of the State: The Secret Journal of Zhao Ziyang
1811:. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. pp.
716:
5448:
Standing Members of the CCP Beijing Municipal Committee
409:
dorms were cut and telegrams blocked. On April 26, the
1838:
Foreign Broadcast Information Service (May 24, 1989).
2261:
Popular Protest and Political Culture in Modern China
1854:
Tiger on the Brink: Jiang Zemin and China's New Elite
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12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
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Han, Minzhu (1990). Han, Minzhu; Hua, Sheng (eds.).
1857:. University of California Press. pp. 241–246.
248:; June 10, 1930 – June 2, 2013) was a member of the
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People's Republic of China politicians from Sichuan
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1926:Kang Lim, Benjamin; Buckley, Chris (May 28, 2012).
496:. In this report, Chen accused the liberal leaning
209:
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157:
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136:
124:
106:
94:
82:
64:
37:
3532:State Councilors of the People's Republic of China
2176:
2065:
1504:
5211:Information Centre for Human Rights and Democracy
3066:Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade
2112:. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre. p. 97.
1808:China since Tiananmen: The Politics of Transition
5453:Secretary of the CCP Beijing Municipal Committee
5373:Chinese Communist Party politicians from Sichuan
334:Chen Xitong was the mayor of Beijing during the
5418:Delegates to the 8th National People's Congress
5413:Delegates to the 7th National People's Congress
5408:Delegates to the 6th National People's Congress
5398:Expelled members of the Chinese Communist Party
5337:Arrest and trial of Chen Ziming and Wang Juntao
2919:Ministry of Mechanical and Electronic Industry
2427:State Council of the People's Republic of China
1876:. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
1444:
4433:Proclamation of the People's Republic of China
2202:University of Michigan Press (April 4, 2018).
2137:"June 4 Crackdown Mastermind Chen Xitong dies"
1966:. Harvard University Press. pp. 193–196.
1767:Egg on Mao: A Story of Love, Hope and Defiance
4398:
4030:
3516:
3258:14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
3242:
3137:State Physical Culture and Sports Commission
2410:
2233:Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China
345:, the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) former
8:
4509:Dialogue between students and the government
2097:"Peking Party Boss is Jailed for Corruption"
1842:. Beijing Television Service. Archived from
1673:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
5443:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
5403:Chinese politicians convicted of corruption
4414:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
2179:Corruption And Market In Contemporary China
1987:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
1618:Who's who in the People's Republic of China
1591:Who's who in the People's Republic of China
988:
917:
336:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
330:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
324:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
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2841:Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources
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1984:The Legacy of Tiananmen: China in Disarray
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954:Foreign Broadcast Information Service 1989
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34:
2995:Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications
2263:(2nd ed.). Boulder: Westview Press.
2135:South China Morning Post (June 4, 2013).
1903:. Chicago: St. James Press. p. 485.
1500:
1498:
1414:
1412:
1083:
403:paramount leader of the People's Republic
2934:Ministry of Aviation and Space Industry
2657:State Commission for Restructing Economy
1901:The Broken Mirror: China after Tiananmen
1846:on April 9, 2018 – via tsquare.tv.
1840:"Li Peng's May 18 Meeting with Students"
1564:The Broken Mirror: China after Tiananmen
1352:
1340:
1304:
250:Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
4896:Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation
3113:Ministry of Radio, Film and Television
2687:State Science and Technology Commission
1723:Chan, Vivien Pik Kwan (July 23, 1997).
1526:
1433:
941:
673:
645:
5332:Reactions to the protests and massacre
4891:Beijing Workers' Autonomous Federation
4473:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
1769:. Toronto: Vintage Canada. p. 7.
1725:"Party Poised to Kick out Shamed Boss"
1515:
1467:
1429:
1427:
1418:
865:
863:
712:
710:
689:
661:
300:of Beijing. He was demoted during the
78:October 1992 – September 1995
5078:The Critical Moment – Li Peng Diaries
2183:. Cornell University Press. pp.
1545:Conversations with Chen Xitong - CEFC
1490:
1328:
1316:
1268:
1256:
1232:
1220:
1208:
1196:
1184:
1172:
1160:
1148:
1136:
1124:
1112:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1095:
1060:
1048:
1024:
1000:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
893:
794:
739:
473:would finally carry out the order to
7:
4453:Campaign against spiritual pollution
1620:(3rd ed.). München: K.G. Saur.
1479:
1012:
842:
830:
770:
766:
764:
762:
760:
751:
657:
655:
653:
651:
649:
66:Communist Party Secretary of Beijing
4448:1986 Chinese student demonstrations
2945:Ministry of Metallurgical Industry
2286:Xinhua News Agency (June 5, 2013).
1792:Faison, Seth (September 15, 1997).
1455:
1366:"新世纪 NewCenturyNet: 姚监复记述：陈希同谈话录节选"
1292:
1280:
977:
929:
881:
854:
818:
806:
782:
727:
701:
677:
391:happening simultaneously nationwide
264:Chen was born on June 10, 1930, in
2108:Simmie, Scott; Nixon, Bob (1989).
1742:. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
382:Politburo Standing Committee (PSC)
378:Chairman of the Standing Committee
120:April 1983 – January 1993
14:
1391:"BBC中文网 - 两岸三地 - 陈希同坚称反对六四动乱立场不变"
1073:University of Michigan Press 2018
4514:Funding of student organizations
3153:State Family Planning Commission
2307:. London: Simon & Schuster.
2208:. University of Michigan Press.
2095:Poole, Teresa (August 1, 1998).
1643:Branigan, Tania (May 29, 2012).
397:high school students and workers
5071:Collection of June Fourth Poems
4468:Household responsibility system
2110:Tiananmen Square = Tʻien-an men
1656:Buckley, Chris (June 6, 2013).
547:After Tiananmen Square protests
531:Scholar of East Asian studies,
510:bourgeois liberalization agenda
2956:Ministry of Chemical Industry
592:Conversations with Chen Xitong
571:Conversations with Chen Xitong
565:Conversations with Chen Xitong
490:7th National People's Congress
244:
235:
1:
5139:Sunrise Over Tiananmen Square
2983:Ministry of Textile Industry
2072:. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe.
1945:. Stanford University Press.
717:South China Morning Post 2013
3212:Politburo Standing Committee
2148:Suettinger, Robert (2004) .
2014:. Westport, Conn.: Praeger.
1939:Kinkley, Jeffrey C. (2007).
1566:. Chicago: St. James Press.
443:On May 13, anticipating the
372:, and Chen Xitong convinced
362:Premier of the State Council
3013:Ministry of Water Resources
2972:Ministry of Light Industry
2435:Li Peng Cabinet (1988–1993)
2041:. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
1981:Miles, James A. R. (1996).
1445:Kang Lim & Buckley 2012
380:, to call a meeting of the
356:demanding an audience with
5469:
5438:State councillors of China
5099:The Gate of Heavenly Peace
2674:State Education Commission
1669:Calhoun, Craig J. (1994).
327:
17:
3437:
3199:
2859:Ministry of Construction
2713:Ethnic Affairs Commission
2640:State Planning Commission
2596:
2433:
2383:
2372:
2364:
2354:
2345:
2337:
2332:
1805:Fewsmith, Joseph (2001).
1616:Bartke, Wolfgang (1991).
1589:Bartke, Wolfgang (1987).
1542:Bao, Pu (June 14, 2012).
221:
148:
113:
71:
60:
51:
44:
5383:Peking University alumni
5196:Democracy Party of China
2755:Ministry of Supervision
2141:South China Morning Post
1960:Manion, Melanie (2009).
1736:Cheng, Chu-yuan (1990).
1729:South China Morning Post
471:People's Liberation Army
464:quoted Chen Xitong at a
354:Great Hall of the People
5388:Politicians from Ziyang
4499:April 27 demonstrations
4438:1976 Tiananmen Incident
3026:Ministry of Agriculture
2205:The Legacy of Tiananmen
2037:Ogden, Suzanne (1992).
1505:Xinhua News Agency 2013
1397:(in Simplified Chinese)
989:Simmie & Nixon 1989
918:Simmie & Nixon 1989
569:In 2012, a book titled
449:1989 Sino-Soviet Summit
434:narrative of the events
370:Beijing Party Secretary
278:Chinese Communist Party
203:Chinese Communist Party
4478:Criticism of communism
3081:Ministry of Materials
2815:Ministry of Personnel
1851:Gilley, Bruce (1998).
1765:Chong, Denise (2011).
1211:, pp. 48, 66, 326
438:Asian Development Bank
5342:Human rights in China
5206:Human Rights in China
5192:China Support Network
5125:Prisoner of the State
4519:Mao portrait incident
3167:Central Bank Governor
3042:Ministry of Forestry
2374:Secretary of the CCP
1364:Ncn (June 25, 2012).
5308:Goddess of Democracy
5216:Operation Yellowbird
5153:The Tiananmen Papers
4534:Military involvement
3325:surname stroke order
2886:Ministry of Railways
1553:BBC (June 6, 2013).
477:, which resulted in
445:arrival of Gorbachev
290:Beijing Municipality
5132:Quelling the People
5118:Moving the Mountain
5106:A Heart for Freedom
5064:A Tiananmen Journal
5057:Almost a Revolution
4428:May Fourth Movement
3093:Ministry of Culture
2874:Ministry of Energy
1696:Chai, Ling (2011).
1343:, pp. 46, 64–6
1259:, pp. 198, 223
607:dereliction of duty
597:Chen's Vice Mayor,
454:The Critical Moment
341:After the death of
314:12th Party Congress
302:Cultural Revolution
5291:Nothing to My Name
5201:Hong Kong Alliance
4603:Standing Committee
4529:June 9 Deng speech
4524:Sino-Soviet Summit
4494:April 26 Editorial
3975:14th State Council
3937:13th State Council
3898:12th State Council
3860:11th State Council
3823:10th State Council
3267:Standing Committee
3125:Ministry of Health
2826:Ministry of Labor
2602:
2333:Political offices
2292:Xinhua News Agency
1798:The New York Times
1662:The New York Times
1470:, pp. 193–196
1458:, pp. 126–131
1421:, pp. 241–246
582:Corruption scandal
462:Xinhua News Agency
440:meeting on May 4.
5378:Mayors of Beijing
5350:
5349:
5221:Tiananmen Mothers
5085:Escape from China
5044:
5043:
4904:
4903:
4726:
4725:
4380:
4379:
4046:Political leaders
4012:
4011:
3786:9th State Council
3734:8th State Council
3673:7th State Council
3606:6th State Council
3539:5th State Council
3498:
3497:
3417:Alternate members
3328:
3279:General Secretary
3224:
3223:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3189:
2567:Secretary-General
2393:
2392:
2384:Succeeded by
2355:Succeeded by
2298:on March 4, 2016.
2222:on April 9, 2018.
2175:Sun, Yan (2004).
2010:Nan, Lin (1992).
1370:新世纪 NewCenturyNet
502:Jingjixue Zhoubao
479:deadly casualties
407:Peking University
347:General Secretary
274:Peking University
225:
224:
216:Peking University
5460:
5146:Tiananmen Exiles
4915:
4735:
4640:Regional leaders
4551:
4407:
4400:
4393:
4384:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4016:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3502:
3409:
3402:
3374:
3321:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3228:
3210:: Member of the
3203:: Member of the
3178:
3175:
3165:
3162:
3151:
3148:
3136:
3133:
3123:
3120:
3112:
3109:
3091:
3088:
3080:
3077:
3065:
3062:
3052:
3049:
3041:
3038:
3024:
3021:
3011:
3008:
2994:
2991:
2982:
2979:
2971:
2968:
2955:
2952:
2944:
2941:
2933:
2930:
2918:
2915:
2901:
2898:
2884:
2881:
2873:
2870:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2840:
2837:
2825:
2822:
2814:
2811:
2791:
2788:
2778:
2775:
2765:
2762:
2754:
2751:
2741:
2738:
2724:
2721:
2711:
2708:
2698:
2695:
2685:
2682:
2672:
2669:
2655:
2652:
2638:
2635:
2627:National Defense
2625:
2622:
2612:
2609:
2599:
2594:
2503:State Councilors
2464:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2396:
2365:Preceded by
2348:Mayor of Beijing
2338:Preceded by
2330:
2326:
2299:
2294:. Archived from
2282:
2255:
2223:
2218:. Archived from
2198:
2182:
2171:
2144:
2131:
2104:
2091:
2071:
2060:
2033:
2006:
1977:
1956:
1935:
1922:
1895:
1868:
1847:
1834:
1801:
1788:
1761:
1732:
1719:
1692:
1665:
1652:
1639:
1612:
1585:
1558:
1549:
1530:
1529:, pp. 47–77
1524:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1502:
1493:
1488:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
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1436:
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1422:
1416:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1387:
1381:
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1378:
1376:
1361:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
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1308:
1302:
1296:
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1278:
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1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
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1188:
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1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1086:, pp. 56–88
1081:
1075:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
991:, pp. 133–4
986:
980:
975:
956:
951:
945:
939:
933:
927:
921:
915:
909:
903:
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891:
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873:
867:
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834:
828:
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792:
786:
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755:
749:
743:
737:
731:
725:
719:
714:
705:
699:
693:
687:
681:
671:
665:
659:
558:economic reforms
514:Economics Weekly
498:Economics Weekly
475:clear the square
400:
396:
298:Changping County
284:Political career
270:Sichuan Province
254:Mayor of Beijing
246:
237:
188:
167:
165:
153:Personal details
139:
127:
118:
108:Mayor of Beijing
97:
85:
76:
56:
47:
35:
5468:
5467:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5457:
5353:
5352:
5351:
5346:
5320:
5302:June 4th Museum
5278:
5225:
5185:
5179:
5160:Pillar of Shame
5040:
4964:
4900:
4879:
4738:Leading figures
4722:
4671:
4635:
4597:
4545:
4538:
4482:
4463:Economic reform
4416:
4411:
4381:
4376:
4304:
4296:
4188:
4145:
4138:
4060:
4059:Party Committee
4053:
4043:
4013:
4008:
3969:
3931:
3892:
3855:
3818:
3781:
3729:
3668:
3601:
3534:
3529:
3499:
3494:
3433:
3412:
3407:
3400:
3373:(expelled 1995)
3372:
3320:
3314:
3261:
3255:
3225:
3220:
3191:
3186:
3180:Auditor-General
3176:
3173:
3172:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3121:
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3110:
3107:
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3089:
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3078:
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3009:
3006:
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2999:
2992:
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2789:
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2776:
2773:
2772:
2763:
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2759:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2726:Public Security
2722:
2719:
2718:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2614:Foreign Affairs
2610:
2607:
2583:
2561:
2497:
2459:
2454:
2436:
2429:
2423:
2389:
2380:
2370:
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2343:
2315:
2302:
2285:
2271:
2258:
2244:
2226:
2216:
2201:
2195:
2174:
2160:
2147:
2134:
2120:
2107:
2101:The Independent
2094:
2080:
2063:
2049:
2036:
2022:
2009:
1995:
1980:
1974:
1959:
1953:
1938:
1932:Chicago Tribune
1925:
1911:
1898:
1884:
1871:
1865:
1850:
1837:
1823:
1804:
1791:
1777:
1764:
1750:
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1398:
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1363:
1362:
1358:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1295:, pp. 61–2
1291:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1245:Suettinger 2004
1243:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1143:
1135:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1111:
1102:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1078:
1071:
1067:
1059:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1037:Suettinger 2004
1035:
1031:
1023:
1019:
1011:
1007:
999:
995:
987:
983:
976:
959:
952:
948:
940:
936:
928:
924:
916:
912:
908:, pp. 35–6
906:Suettinger 2004
904:
900:
892:
888:
880:
876:
870:Suettinger 2004
868:
861:
853:
849:
841:
837:
829:
825:
817:
813:
805:
801:
793:
789:
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769:
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746:
738:
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722:
715:
708:
700:
696:
688:
684:
672:
668:
660:
647:
643:
638:
630:
611:Qincheng Prison
588:Shanghai clique
584:
549:
398:
394:
332:
326:
318:State Councilor
286:
262:
199:Political party
190:
186:
169:
163:
161:
137:
125:
119:
114:
95:
83:
77:
72:
45:
40:
33:
12:
11:
5:
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5027:
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5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4972:
4970:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4950:Liang Guanglie
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4921:
4919:
4912:
4906:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4887:
4885:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4872:
4870:Zhao Changqing
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4830:Wang Bingzhang
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
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4484:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4443:Beijing Spring
4440:
4435:
4430:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4402:
4395:
4387:
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4319:
4314:
4308:
4306:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4198:
4196:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
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4150:
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4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
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4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4065:
4063:
4055:
4054:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4034:
4027:
4019:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3979:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3941:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3902:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3878:Liang Guanglie
3875:
3870:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3826:
3824:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3789:
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3780:
3779:
3774:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3737:
3735:
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3730:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3505:
3496:
3495:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3331:
3329:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3271:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3231:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3208:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3004:
3002:
2910:Huang Zhendong
2906:Qian Yongchang
2807:
2805:
2743:State Security
2605:
2603:
2597:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2571:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2465:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2446:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2399:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2382:
2371:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2353:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2314:978-1847376978
2313:
2300:
2283:
2269:
2256:
2242:
2228:Vogel, Ezra F.
2224:
2214:
2199:
2193:
2172:
2158:
2145:
2132:
2118:
2105:
2092:
2078:
2061:
2047:
2034:
2020:
2007:
1993:
1978:
1973:978-0674014862
1972:
1957:
1952:978-0804754859
1951:
1936:
1923:
1909:
1896:
1882:
1869:
1863:
1848:
1835:
1821:
1802:
1789:
1776:978-0307355805
1775:
1762:
1748:
1733:
1720:
1707:978-1414364858
1706:
1693:
1679:
1666:
1653:
1640:
1626:
1613:
1599:
1586:
1572:
1559:
1555:"六四事件关键人物：陈希同"
1550:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1519:
1508:
1494:
1483:
1472:
1460:
1448:
1437:
1423:
1408:
1382:
1356:
1345:
1333:
1321:
1309:
1297:
1285:
1273:
1261:
1249:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1201:
1189:
1177:
1165:
1153:
1141:
1129:
1117:
1100:
1088:
1084:Oksenberg 1990
1076:
1065:
1053:
1041:
1029:
1017:
1005:
993:
981:
957:
946:
934:
922:
910:
898:
886:
874:
859:
847:
835:
823:
811:
799:
787:
775:
756:
744:
732:
730:, pp. 3–4
720:
706:
694:
682:
666:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
629:
626:
583:
580:
548:
545:
466:Children's Day
412:People’s Daily
328:Main article:
325:
322:
285:
282:
272:. He attended
261:
258:
223:
222:
219:
218:
213:
207:
206:
200:
196:
195:
189:(aged 82)
183:
179:
178:
159:
155:
154:
150:
149:
146:
145:
140:
134:
133:
128:
122:
121:
111:
110:
104:
103:
98:
92:
91:
86:
80:
79:
69:
68:
62:
61:
58:
57:
49:
48:
42:
41:
38:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5465:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5315:
5312:
5311:
5310:
5309:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5292:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5281:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5236:
5234:
5232:
5231:Anniversaries
5228:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5182:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5080:
5079:
5075:
5073:
5072:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5028:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4967:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4907:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4736:
4733:
4729:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4674:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4573:Yang Shangkun
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4563:Deng Xiaoping
4561:
4560:
4558:
4556:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4541:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4504:Hunger Strike
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4485:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4408:
4403:
4401:
4396:
4394:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4347:Chen Guangwen
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4164:Zhang Jianmin
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4141:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4056:
4051:
4047:
4040:
4035:
4033:
4028:
4026:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4005:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3988:Wang Xiaohong
3986:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3912:Chang Wanquan
3910:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3846:Zhou Yongkang
3844:
3842:
3841:Cao Gangchuan
3839:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3821:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3761:Chen Junsheng
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3720:Chen Junsheng
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3690:Wang Bingqian
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3654:Wang Bingqian
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3526:
3521:
3519:
3514:
3512:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3436:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3406:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3378:Jiang Chunyun
3376:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3319:Other members
3317:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3252:
3247:
3245:
3240:
3238:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3171:
3168:
3157:
3154:
3144:
3140:
3129:
3128:Chen Minzhang
3126:
3116:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3084:
3073:
3069:
3058:
3055:
3045:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3017:
3016:Yang Zhenhuai
3014:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2986:
2975:
2963:
2959:
2948:
2937:
2926:
2922:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2894:
2890:
2887:
2877:
2876:Huang Yicheng
2866:
2862:
2849:
2844:
2833:
2829:
2818:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2796:Wang Bingqian
2794:
2784:
2781:
2771:
2768:
2767:Civil Affairs
2758:
2747:
2744:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2717:
2714:
2704:
2701:
2691:
2688:
2678:
2675:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2631:
2628:
2618:
2615:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2576:
2575:Chen Junsheng
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2551:Chen Junsheng
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2521:Wang Bingqian
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2462:Vice Premiers
2457:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2428:
2420:
2415:
2413:
2408:
2406:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2388:
2379:
2377:
2369:
2363:
2359:
2350:
2349:
2342:
2336:
2331:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2243:9780674055445
2239:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2215:9780472084517
2211:
2207:
2206:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2070:
2069:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1721:
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1713:
1709:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1686:
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1676:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1637:
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1606:
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1596:
1592:
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1569:
1565:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1492:
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1481:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1353:Branigan 2012
1349:
1346:
1342:
1341:Fewsmith 2001
1337:
1334:
1331:, p. 309
1330:
1325:
1322:
1319:, p. 188
1318:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1305:Fewsmith 2001
1301:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1283:, p. 105
1282:
1277:
1274:
1271:, p. 286
1270:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1238:
1235:, p. 604
1234:
1229:
1226:
1223:, p. 637
1222:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1199:, p. 221
1198:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1178:
1175:, p. 142
1174:
1169:
1166:
1163:, p. 244
1162:
1157:
1154:
1151:, p. 133
1150:
1145:
1142:
1139:, p. 193
1138:
1133:
1130:
1127:, p. 485
1126:
1121:
1118:
1115:, p. 226
1114:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1098:, p. 223
1097:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1069:
1066:
1063:, p. 321
1062:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1018:
1015:, p. 155
1014:
1009:
1006:
1002:
997:
994:
990:
985:
982:
979:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
958:
955:
950:
947:
943:
938:
935:
931:
926:
923:
919:
914:
911:
907:
902:
899:
896:, p. 120
895:
890:
887:
883:
878:
875:
871:
866:
864:
860:
857:, p. 186
856:
851:
848:
844:
839:
836:
832:
827:
824:
820:
815:
812:
808:
803:
800:
797:, p. 126
796:
791:
788:
784:
779:
776:
772:
767:
765:
763:
761:
757:
754:, p. 102
753:
748:
745:
741:
736:
733:
729:
724:
721:
718:
713:
711:
707:
704:, p. 141
703:
698:
695:
692:, p. 51.
691:
686:
683:
679:
675:
670:
667:
664:, p. 64.
663:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
646:
640:
635:
633:
627:
625:
623:
619:
614:
612:
608:
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581:
579:
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566:
562:
559:
555:
546:
544:
542:
538:
534:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
506:Chen Ziming’s
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
467:
463:
458:
456:
455:
450:
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
425:
422:
418:
415:published an
414:
413:
408:
404:
392:
388:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
348:
344:
339:
337:
331:
323:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
306:Deng Xiaoping
303:
299:
295:
291:
283:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
259:
257:
255:
251:
247:
241:
233:
229:
220:
217:
214:
212:
208:
204:
201:
197:
193:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:June 10, 1930
160:
156:
151:
147:
144:
141:
135:
132:
129:
123:
117:
112:
109:
105:
102:
99:
93:
90:
87:
81:
75:
70:
67:
63:
59:
55:
50:
43:
36:
31:
30:
25:
21:
16:
5306:
5184:Human rights
5165:
5158:
5151:
5144:
5137:
5130:
5123:
5116:
5112:Leica advert
5104:
5097:
5090:
5083:
5076:
5069:
5062:
5055:
4935:Yang Baibing
4875:Zhou Yongjun
4825:Tang Baiqiao
4790:Han Dongfang
4651:
4372:Wei Xiaodong
4357:Yang Anjiang
4327:Liu Daosheng
4322:Zhao Pengfei
4305:Chairpersons
4262:Meng Xuenong
4241:
4207:Nie Rongzhen
4159:Zhao Pengfei
4146:Chairpersons
4109:Wei Jianxing
4103:
3993:Wu Zhenglong
3922:Guo Shengkun
3883:Meng Jianzhu
3851:Tang Jiaxuan
3814:Wang Zhongyu
3714:
3644:Zhang Aiping
3639:Zhang Jingfu
3597:Zhang Aiping
3592:Zhang Jingfu
3408:(added 1994)
3388:Wei Jianxing
3369:
3355:Yang Baibing
3335:Ding Guangen
3322:
3068:Zheng Tuobin
3005:
2997:Yang Taifang
2974:Zeng Xianlin
2936:Lin Zongtang
2925:He Guangyuan
2861:Lin Hanxiong
2832:Ruan Chongwu
2817:Zhao Dongwan
2808:
2757:Wei Jianxing
2746:Jia Chunwang
2703:Ding Henggao
2606:
2545:
2387:Wei Jianxing
2373:
2346:
2304:
2296:the original
2291:
2260:
2231:
2220:the original
2204:
2178:
2149:
2140:
2109:
2100:
2067:
2038:
2011:
1983:
1962:
1941:
1931:
1900:
1873:
1853:
1844:the original
1807:
1797:
1766:
1738:
1728:
1697:
1670:
1661:
1649:The Guardian
1648:
1617:
1590:
1563:
1544:
1527:Kinkley 2007
1522:
1511:
1486:
1475:
1463:
1451:
1440:
1434:Buckley 2013
1399:. Retrieved
1394:
1385:
1373:. Retrieved
1369:
1359:
1348:
1336:
1324:
1312:
1307:, p. 24
1300:
1288:
1276:
1264:
1252:
1247:, p. 33
1240:
1228:
1216:
1204:
1192:
1187:, p. 23
1180:
1168:
1156:
1144:
1132:
1120:
1091:
1079:
1068:
1056:
1051:, p. 86
1044:
1039:, p. 58
1032:
1027:, p. 58
1020:
1008:
996:
984:
949:
944:, p. 79
942:Calhoun 1994
937:
925:
920:, p. 97
913:
901:
889:
884:, p. 83
877:
872:, p. 43
850:
845:, p. 14
838:
833:, p. 13
826:
814:
809:, p. 83
802:
790:
785:, p. 61
778:
747:
742:, p. 76
735:
723:
697:
685:
674:Buckley 2013
669:
631:
620:(天怒—反貪局在行動;
617:
615:
596:
591:
585:
570:
568:
564:
563:
550:
541:party elders
536:
530:
526:Liu Xiaobo's
513:
504:), owned by
501:
497:
493:
483:
459:
452:
442:
426:
410:
351:
340:
333:
287:
263:
243:
227:
226:
187:(2013-06-02)
185:June 2, 2013
143:Wei Jianxing
138:Succeeded by
115:
96:Succeeded by
73:
27:
20:Chinese name
15:
5368:2013 deaths
5363:1930 births
5274:32nd (2021)
5269:31st (2020)
5264:30th (2019)
5259:25th (2014)
5254:24th (2013)
5249:21st (2010)
5244:20th (2009)
5239:10th (1999)
4945:Hong Xuezhi
4930:Chi Haotian
4925:Liu Huaqing
4840:Wang Youcai
4805:Liu Xianbin
4780:Feng Congde
4657:Jiang Zemin
4652:Chen Xitong
4611:Zhao Ziyang
4578:Li Xiannian
4362:Wang Anshun
4352:Cheng Shi'e
4342:Wang Daming
4287:Chen Jining
4277:Wang Anshun
4272:Guo Jinlong
4267:Wang Qishan
4252:Jia Qinglin
4242:Chen Xitong
4202:Ye Jianying
4154:Jia Tingsan
4124:Guo Jinlong
4114:Jia Qinglin
4104:Chen Xitong
4061:Secretaries
3917:Yang Jiechi
3908:(dismissed)
3888:Dai Bingguo
3867:Liu Yandong
3836:Hua Jianmin
3803:Ismail Amat
3793:Chi Haotian
3771:Peng Peiyun
3766:Ismail Amat
3746:Chi Haotian
3725:Qian Qichen
3715:Chen Xitong
3623:Kang Shi'en
3566:Kang Shi'en
3429:Wang Hanbin
3401:(died 1993)
3398:Tan Shaowen
3383:Qian Qichen
3370:Chen Xitong
3305:Liu Huaqing
3275:Jiang Zemin
3260:(1992–1997)
3156:Peng Peiyun
3115:Ai Zhisheng
3104:Liu Zhongde
3083:Liu Suinian
3033:Liu Zhongyi
2958:Qin Zhongda
2947:Qi Yuanjing
2846: [
2800:Liu Zhongli
2716:Ismail Amat
2664:Chen Jinhua
2617:Qian Qichen
2556:Qian Qichen
2546:Chen Xitong
1516:Faison 1997
1468:Manion 2009
1419:Gilley 1998
1401:February 4,
1395:www.bbc.com
1003:, p. 7
932:, p. 8
821:, p. 6
773:, p. 9
690:Bartke 1987
662:Bartke 1991
599:Wang Baosen
575:Wu Guoguang
554:Jiang Zemin
518:Wang Juntao
460:On June 1,
430:Zhao Ziyang
245:Chén Xītóng
228:Chen Xitong
205:(1949–1995)
126:Preceded by
84:Preceded by
39:Chen Xitong
24:family name
5357:Categories
4969:Army units
4960:Li Lianxiu
4955:Xu Qinxian
4865:Zhang Boli
4860:Yu Dongyue
4845:Wu'erkaixi
4810:Liu Xiaobo
4795:Hou Dejian
4775:Fang Zheng
4770:Fang Lizhi
4765:Ding Zilin
4731:Protesters
4718:Wu Xueqian
4713:Wen Jiabao
4698:Yan Mingfu
4688:Hu Yaobang
4662:Zhu Rongji
4487:Chronology
4458:Corruption
4421:Background
4317:Ding Guoyu
4302:Conference
4237:Jiao Ruoyu
4184:Li Xiuling
4094:Duan Junyi
4074:Li Xuefeng
4052:since 1949
3998:Shen Yiqin
3983:Li Shangfu
3965:Zhao Kezhi
3945:Wei Fenghe
3830:Chen Zhili
3756:Li Guixian
3741:Li Tieying
3710:Li Guixian
3705:Zou Jiahua
3680:Li Tieying
3649:Wu Xueqian
3634:Ji Pengfei
3628:Chen Muhua
3582:Ji Pengfei
3571:Chen Muhua
3424:Wen Jiabao
3365:Zou Jiahua
3360:Wu Bangguo
3350:Li Tieying
3345:Li Lanqing
3340:Tian Jiyun
3300:Zhu Rongji
3295:Li Ruihuan
3183:Lü Peijian
3170:Li Guixian
3139:Li Menghua
3100:He Jingzhi
3072:Li Lanqing
3044:Gao Dezhan
2985:Wu Wenying
2962:Gu Xiulian
2921:Zou Jiahua
2893:Han Zhubin
2677:Li Tieying
2647:Zou Jiahua
2541:Li Guixian
2536:Zou Jiahua
2511:Li Tieying
2492:Zhu Rongji
2486:Zou Jiahua
2481:Wu Xueqian
2476:Tian Jiyun
2381:1992–1995
2378:Committee
2352:1983–1993
2341:Jiao Ruoyu
2270:0813320429
2194:0801442842
2159:0815782071
2119:0888946759
2079:0873326849
2048:0873327233
2021:0275936562
1994:0472107313
1910:0582074851
1883:0691008574
1864:0520213955
1822:0521001056
1749:0813310474
1680:0520211618
1627:3598107714
1600:3598106106
1573:0582074851
1491:Poole 1998
1329:Ogden 1992
1317:Cheng 1990
1269:Ogden 1992
1257:Ogden 1992
1233:Vogel 2011
1221:Vogel 2011
1209:Miles 1996
1197:Ogden 1992
1185:Young 1994
1173:Cheng 1990
1161:Miles 1996
1149:Cheng 1990
1137:Miles 1996
1125:Hicks 1990
1113:Miles 1996
1096:Miles 1996
1061:Miles 1996
1049:Barme 1990
1025:Miles 1996
1001:Chong 2011
894:Ogden 1992
795:Cheng 1990
740:Ogden 1992
636:References
616:The novel
603:corruption
533:Ezra Vogel
343:Hu Yaobang
260:Early life
211:Alma mater
164:1930-06-10
131:Jiao Ruoyu
5314:Hong Kong
5173:TV series
5167:Chimerica
5092:Execution
4940:Qin Jiwei
4855:Yan Jiaqi
4850:Xiong Yan
4820:Shen Tong
4815:Qin Benli
4750:Chai Ling
4667:Hu Jintao
4647:Li Ximing
4631:Yao Yilin
4588:Peng Zhen
4583:Wang Zhen
4544:Communist
4337:Bai Jiefu
4232:Lin Hujia
4222:Xie Fuzhi
4212:Peng Zhen
4099:Li Ximing
4089:Lin Hujia
4079:Xie Fuzhi
4069:Peng Zhen
3950:Wang Yong
3927:Wang Yong
3906:Yang Jing
3751:Song Jian
3700:Wang Fang
3695:Song Jian
3685:Qin Jiwei
3664:Song Jian
3659:Song Ping
3587:Huang Hua
3551:Geng Biao
3310:Hu Jintao
3217:♀: female
3205:Politburo
3143:Wu Shaozu
3096:Wang Meng
2903:Transport
2889:Li Senmao
2783:Cai Cheng
2770:Cui Naifu
2729:Wang Fang
2690:Song Jian
2643:Yao Yilin
2630:Qin Jiwei
2589:Ministers
2531:Wang Fang
2526:Song Jian
2516:Qin Jiwei
2471:Yao Yilin
2368:Li Ximing
2323:319501920
2252:754841335
1785:648387994
1716:712116860
1480:Chan 1997
1013:Chai 2011
843:Zhao 2009
831:Zhao 2009
771:Zhao 2009
752:Chai 2011
522:Hong Kong
417:editorial
366:Li Ximing
280:in 1949.
116:In office
89:Li Ximing
74:In office
5297:Tank Man
4918:Generals
4910:Military
4835:Wang Dan
4785:Liu Gang
4760:Dai Qing
4755:Cui Jian
4683:Bao Tong
4621:Qiao Shi
4568:Chen Yun
4292:Yin Yong
4247:Li Qiyan
4174:Du Deyin
4169:Yu Junbo
4144:Congress
4004:Qin Gang
3960:Xiao Jie
3546:Yu Qiuli
3405:Huang Ju
3290:Qiao Shi
3054:Commerce
2733:Tao Siju
2358:Li Qiyan
2279:30623957
2230:(2011).
2168:64445077
2128:21158000
2088:21038018
2057:24173035
2030:25833237
2003:34080083
1919:23102427
1892:21080715
1831:56324651
1813:46, 64–6
1758:21445564
1689:30069371
1636:23190872
1609:15632643
1582:23102427
1456:Sun 2004
1375:April 9,
1293:Han 1990
1281:Han 1990
978:Bao 2012
930:Nan 1992
882:Nan 1992
855:Han 1990
819:Nan 1992
807:Han 1990
783:Han 1990
728:Nan 1992
702:Nan 1992
678:BBC 2013
447:for the
421:April 27
387:protests
252:and the
101:Li Qiyan
18:In this
5325:Related
4745:Bei Dao
4703:Yuan Mu
4693:Luo Gan
4626:Hu Qili
4616:Li Peng
4593:Bo Yibo
4332:Fan Jin
4312:Liu Ren
4050:Beijing
3955:Wang Yi
3798:Luo Gan
3777:Luo Gan
3613:Fang Yi
3577:Bo Yibo
3556:Fang Yi
3393:Xie Fei
3285:Li Peng
3057:Hu Ping
3029:He Kang
2865:Hou Jie
2843:Zhu Xun
2828:Luo Gan
2793:Finance
2780:Justice
2660:Li Peng
2579:Luo Gan
2558:(added)
2494:(added)
2488:(added)
2450:Li Peng
2442:Premier
2376:Beijing
2288:"陈希同病亡"
1536:Sources
358:Li Peng
312:by the
294:Liu Ren
232:Chinese
194:, China
192:Beijing
177:, China
175:Sichuan
5186:groups
4884:Groups
4708:Wan Li
4676:Others
4555:Elders
4367:Ji Lin
4282:Cai Qi
4257:Liu Qi
4194:Mayors
4179:Li Wei
4134:Yin Li
4129:Cai Qi
4119:Liu Qi
3873:Ma Kai
2321:
2311:
2277:
2267:
2250:
2240:
2212:
2191:
2187:–131.
2166:
2156:
2126:
2116:
2086:
2076:
2055:
2045:
2028:
2018:
2001:
1991:
1970:
1949:
1917:
1907:
1890:
1880:
1861:
1829:
1819:
1783:
1773:
1756:
1746:
1714:
1704:
1687:
1677:
1634:
1624:
1607:
1597:
1580:
1570:
1557:. BBC.
622:pinyin
537:et al.
399:
395:
374:Wan Li
360:, the
242::
240:pinyin
234::
22:, the
5283:Icons
5049:Works
4800:Li Lu
4546:Party
4227:Wu De
4217:Wu De
4084:Wu De
3808:Wu Yi
3618:Gu Mu
3561:Gu Mu
2850:]
641:Notes
628:Death
486:BBC's
389:were
385:that
266:Anyue
171:Anyue
5037:67th
5033:65th
5029:64th
5026:63rd
5023:54th
5019:40th
5014:39th
5009:38th
5004:28th
4999:27th
4994:26th
4990:24th
4986:20th
4981:15th
4976:12th
3492:20th
3488:19th
3484:18th
3480:17th
3476:16th
3472:15th
3468:14th
3464:13th
3460:12th
3456:11th
3452:10th
2425:7th
2319:OCLC
2309:ISBN
2275:OCLC
2265:ISBN
2248:OCLC
2238:ISBN
2210:ISBN
2189:ISBN
2164:OCLC
2154:ISBN
2124:OCLC
2114:ISBN
2084:OCLC
2074:ISBN
2053:OCLC
2043:ISBN
2026:OCLC
2016:ISBN
1999:OCLC
1989:ISBN
1968:ISBN
1947:ISBN
1915:OCLC
1905:ISBN
1888:OCLC
1878:ISBN
1859:ISBN
1827:OCLC
1817:ISBN
1781:OCLC
1771:ISBN
1754:OCLC
1744:ISBN
1712:OCLC
1702:ISBN
1685:OCLC
1675:ISBN
1632:OCLC
1622:ISBN
1605:OCLC
1595:ISBN
1578:OCLC
1568:ISBN
1403:2023
1377:2023
605:and
182:Died
158:Born
29:Chen
4048:of
3448:9th
3444:8th
3440:7th
3323:in
2185:126
236:陈希同
46:陈希同
26:is
5359::
3403:→
3177:41
3164:40
3150:39
3141:→
3135:38
3122:37
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