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610:"Kaalam" (เดเดพเดฒเด) is a degree of geometric speed. A "Kalam" starts with an "Onnam Kaalam" (เดเดจเตเดจเดพเด เดเดพเดฒเด) or the first degree of geometric speed. Which is the "thalam" (เดคเดพเดณเด) or the basic rhythm throughout the percussion performance (melam). Once the "Onnam Kaalam" is practiced the students learn to exercise the "Randam Kaalam" (เดฐเดฃเตเดเดพเด เดเดพเดฒเด) or the second degrees of geometric speed, then the "Moonnaam Kaalam" (เดฎเตเดจเตเดจเดพเด เดเดพเดฒเด) or the third degrees of geometric speed Then the "Naalam Kaalam" or the fourth degree of geometric speed and so on. Depending up on the practice and experience a Chenda performer can perform in 7, 8, 9 or even 10 "Kaalam".
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multiple of "Randam Kaalam", 12 beats completed in 4 seconds, "Naalam Kaalam" (เดจเดพเดฒเดพเด เดเดพเดฒเด) would be 24 beats completed in 4 seconds and so on. Similarly if the performer starts with 4 beats and completes the beats in 4 seconds, then "Randam Kaalam" beats would be multiple of "Onnam Kaalam", 8 beats completed in 4 seconds, "Muunaam Kaalam" would be multiple of "Randam Kaalam", 16 beats completed in 4 seconds. If the performer starts with the same 4 beats and completes the beats in 2 seconds, then "Randam Kaalam" would be 8 beats and should be completed in 2 seconds, "Muunaam Kaalam" would be 16 beats and should be completed in 2 seconds.
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on. While doing a "Randam Kaalam", 6 beats should finish by the time taken for the 3 beats of "Onnam Kaalam". Similarly the "Muunaam Kaalam" (12 beats) should finish by the time taken for the 3 beats of "Onnam Kaalam". For a "Naalam Kaalam", 24 beats should finish by the time taken for the "Onnam Kaalam". That is the reason the "Onnam Kaalam" is called the "thalam" (เดคเดพเดณเด) or the basic rhythm (time taken to complete a cycle of beats, here for "Tha Ki Ta", 3 beats).
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240:(เดตเดฐเดฟเดเตเด เดชเตเดฒเดพเดตเต) (Varikka Plavu). The thickness is again reduced by 0.25 inches (0.64 cm), at simultaneous points separated by 4 inches (10 cm). This is done in order to produce highly resonating sound. Only the wooden rings with the skin (Chenda Vattam) are replaced once the quality of the sound is not up to the mark. For regular Chenda artists an average of 15 rings are required every year.
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236:(Eeranpana) or bamboo, using a gum prepared from the seed of a tree called "pananchi maram". The circular frame is kept in a vessel, boiled for an entire day and then bent in the form of circle and dried. The body of the Chenda which is 1 foot (30 cm) in diameter and 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) in thickness is made of the soft wood of the
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If a performer starts with a 3 beat and completes these beats in 4 seconds (geometric speed), it is called an "Onnam Kaalam" (เดเดจเตเดจเดพเด เดเดพเดฒเด) of 3 beats. So the "Randam Kaalam" (เดฐเดฃเตเดเดพเด เดเดพเดฒเด) beats would be multiple of "Onnam Kaalam", 6 beats completed in 4 seconds. "Muunaam Kaalam" (เดฎเตเดจเดพเด เดเดพเดฒเด) would be
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A "Tha Ki Ta" Sadhakam (เดค เดเดฟ เด เดธเดพเดงเดเด) or the three beat
Sadhakam starts with an "Onnam Kaalam" (เดเดจเตเดจเดพเด เดเดพเดฒเด) or the first degree of geometric speed. Which is the "thalam" (เดคเดพเดณเด) or the basic rhythm throughout the Percussion performance (melam). Once the "Onnam Kaalam" is practiced the students learn
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language is "rolling". The artist produce sound on "Uruttu Chenda" by rolling his right hand wrist. During the first beat the palm holding the stick will face the artist (in), then during the second beat (using the same right hand) the palm would face the opposite side (out). This is done by rolling
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For a "Tha Ki Ta" Sadhakam the "Onnam Kaalam" is 3 beats in a geometric speed. So the "Randam Kaalam" (เดฐเดฃเตเดเดพเด เดเดพเดฒเด) beats would be multiple of "Onnam Kaalam", 6 beats. "Muunaam Kaalam" (เดฎเตเดจเดพเด เดเดพเดฒเด) would be multiple of "Randam Kaalam", 12 beats, "Naalam Kaalam" (เดจเดพเดฒเดพเด เดเดพเดฒเด) would be 24 beats and so
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Chendas are of different types, depending upon the diameter of the "Chenda Vattam" (เดเตเดฃเตเด เดตเดเตเดเด) they are called "Ettara
Veechan Chenda" (เดเดเตเดเดฐ เดตเตเดเตเดเดพเตบ เดเตเดฃเตเด) (8.5), "Ompathu Veechan Chenda" (เดเดฎเตเดชเดคเต เดตเตเดเตเดเดพเตบ เดเตเดฃเตเด) (9), "Ompathe Kal Veechan Chenda" (เดเดฎเตเดชเดคเตเดเตเดเดพเตฝ เดตเตเดเตเดเดพเตบ เดเตเดฃเตเด)(9 1/4), "Ompathara
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Veechan Chenda" (เดเดฎเตเดชเดคเดฐ เดตเตเดเดพเตป เดเตเดฃเตเด)(9.5), "Ompathe Mukkal
Veechan Chenda" (เดเตปเดชเดคเต เดฎเตเดเตเดเดพเตฝ เดตเตเดเดพเตป เดเตเดฃเตเด) (9 3/4), "Ompathe Mukkal Kali Chenda" (เดเตปเดชเดคเต เดฎเตเดเตเดเดพเตฝเดเตเดเดพเดฒเต เดตเตเดเดพเตป เดเตเดฃเตเด)(> 9 3/4 but < 10). These Chendas are used for different purposes especially for different art forms.
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While striking on a Chenda with two sticks, the stick on the right hand is hit on the upper part (little above the center part) of the "Chenda Vattam" and the stick on the left hand is hit on the lower part (little below the center) of the "Chenda Vattam".
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Once the students learn how to do "Ganapathi Kai" (เดเดฃเดชเดคเดฟ เดเต), the master starts teaching Chenda "Sadhakam" (เดธเดพเดงเดเด) or repeated exercise. Usually a "Sadhakam" starts with a three beat
Sadhakam called "Tha Ki Ta" Sadhakam (เดค เดเดฟ เด เดธเดพเดงเดเด).
485:(เดตเดฒเด เดคเดฒ) part of the Chenda which is made of multiple layer of skin. The "Valam Thala Chenda" is played using a long and thin stick. Once the students master to play on "Valam Thala Chenda", the students start learning on the
343:" (เดเดฐเตเดเตเดเต เดเตเดฃเตเด) is used to play variations in music. It is used to lead the orchestra. It is called the ""Pramanavadhya"" (Leading instrument). The "Chenda Vattam" (เดเตเดฃเตเด เดตเดเตเดเด) of the "Uruttu Chenda" is always the "
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The time to complete one "Kaalam" is called the "Thalavattam" (เดคเดพเดณเดตเดเตเดเด) and the "Onnam Kaalam" (เดเดจเตเดจเดพเด เดเดพเดฒเด) is called the "thalam" (เดคเดพเดณเด) or the basic rhythm of the whole percussion performance.
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bark. The learning stick would be 29 cm in length, 3 cm in diameter on one side and 2.5 cm on other side of the stick. Once the learning on stone is finished, students learn on
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to exercise the "Randam Kaalam" (เดฐเดฃเตเดเดพเด เดเดพเดฒเด) or the second degrees of geometric speed, then the "Muunaam Kaalam" (เดฎเตเดจเดพเด เดเดพเดฒเด) or the third degrees of geometric speed and so on.
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etc. Chenda melam is the most popular form in Kerala, for more than 300 years. A Chenda melam is an integral part of all festivals in Kerala. There are 7 types of "melangal" viz
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228:" (เดตเดฒเด เดคเดฒ)(Right Head). The "Edamthala" is made of only one/two layer of cow skin and the "Valamthala" will have a five/seven layer skin, so as to have a
277:((demonic instrument)) which means it cannot go in harmony. Chenda is an inevitable musical instrument in all form of cultural activities in Kerala.
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In Kerala a traditional Chenda learning always start and end with a "Ganapathi Kai" (เดเดฃเดชเดคเดฟ เดเต), it is a prayer and dedication done to the Hindu god
423:. The earlier 6 melams are called "Chempada melangal". Other than these seven "melams" two more melams are there in Kerala "Navam" and "Kalpam".
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language is "beating hard". The artist produce sound on "Veekku Chenda" by hitting the drum using a stick without twisting or rolling his wrist.
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เดเตเดเตป เดเตเดฃเตเด) is used to keep the "thalam" (เดคเดพเดณเด) or the basic rhythm. The "Chenda Vattam" (เดเตเดฃเตเด เดตเดเตเดเด) of the "Veekku Chenda" is always the "
267:(Tenku Thittu) which is popular in Tulu Nadu in Karnataka. There is a variant of this instrument used in northern school of Yakshagana called
570:(เดตเดพเดฏเดฟ เดคเดพเดฐเดฟ), the drum like sound made by the student while beating on the Chenda. "Vaai Thari" of Tha-Ki-Ta in 1st 2nd 3rd and 4th "Kaalam".
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sound. The skin are dried in the shade and fastened on wooden rings (Chenda Vattam, เดเตเดฃเตเด เดตเดเตเดเด) made of the trunk of a locally available
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A Chenda is taught in a traditional way, the students have to practice on a stone or wood using a strong and thick stick usually made of
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Chenda the "Chenda Vattam" are hard, which are very cheap to make. "Shingari Melam" is not considered as a classical form of art.
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temple festivals and as an accompaniment in the religious art forms of Kerala. The chenda is used as an accompaniment for
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Here the letters starting with "G" (เดเต) and "K" (เด) are beaten using left hand and others by right hand.
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Damodaran, Ajith; Mansour, Hossein; Lessard, Larry; Scavone, Gary; Suresh Babu, A. (1 February 2015).
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This instrument is famous for its loud and rigid sound. A Chenda has two sides, the left side called "
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1. Ki-(Ta) Tha-(Ka) Tha-(Ri) --> Here even if 6 sounds are produced only three beats are done.
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3. Ki-Ta-Tha-Ka Tha-Ri-Ki-Ta Tha-Ka-Tha-Ri --> 12 sounds are produced and 12 beats are done.
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The "Chenda Vattam" or the skin used on Chenda should be very thin for classic Chenda Melam like
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and among many forms of dances and rituals in Kerala. It is also played in a dance-drama called
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Depending upon the size, structure and function of the Chenda, they are classified as, "
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In Kerala the craft of making Chenda is now associated with some few "Perumkollan" (
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4. Ki-Ta-Tha-Ka-Tha-Ri-Ki-Ta Tha-Ka-Tha-Ri-Ki-Ta-Tha-Ka Tha-Ri-Ki-Ta-Tha-Ka-Tha-Ri
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Application of composite materials to the chenda, an Indian percussion instrument
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2. Ki-Ta Tha-Ka Tha-Ri --> Here 6 sounds are produced and 6 beats are done.
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villages. Many famous Chenda percussionists in Kerala make their
Chendas from
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using Chenda. The Chenda is used as a percussion instrument for almost all
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217:. It is greatly identified as a cultural element in Kerala and Tulu Nadu.
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village for it is famous for the quality of the instrument.
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in India. In Tulu Nadu (Coastal
Karnataka), it is known as
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chenda melam in vijayawada - chenda melam in visakhapatnam
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606:Different "Kalam" (เดเดพเดฒเด),degree of geometric speed
332:" (เดตเตเดเต เดเตเดฃเตเด) or "Acchan Chenda" (เด
เดเตเดเตป เดเตเดฃเตเด), "
594:4. เดเดฟเดเดคเด.เดคเดฐเดฟเดเดฟเด เดคเดเดคเดฐเดฟ.เดเดฟเดเดคเด เดคเดฐเดฟเดเดฟเด.เดคเดเดคเดฐเดฟ
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469:Traditional Mela of Kerala State, South India
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271:. It is traditionally considered to be an
224:" (เดเดเด เดคเดฒ)(Left Head) and the right side "
123:Learn how and when to remove this message
724:chenda melam in bangalore - singarimelam
507:A "Ganapathi Kai" consists of 37 beats.
171:Chenda and Koal (stick) (เดเตเดฃเตเดเดฏเตเด เดเตเดฒเตเด)
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528:Dha.Ri. Ki.Da. Dhi.Ka. Tha.Ra. Kaam...
516:Dha.Ri. Ki.Da. Dhi.Ka. Tha.Ra. Kaam...
197:instrument originating in the state of
336:" (เดเดฐเตเดเตเดเต เดเตเดฃเตเด), "Muri Chenda" etc.
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61:adding citations to reliable sources
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371:sound. The meaning of "Veekku" in
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1145:Non-Membranous Percussion (Ghan)
1009:Membranous Percussion (Avanaddh)
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1320:Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi
243:The Chenda is mainly played in
48:needs additional citations for
694:10.1016/j.apacoust.2014.07.013
591:3. เดเดฟเด.เดคเด เดคเดฐเดฟ.เดเดฟเด เดคเด.เดคเดฐเดฟ
1:
588:2. เดเต...เด เดค...เด เดคเดพ...เดฐเดฟ
585:1. เดเต...เด เดค...เด เดคเดพ...เดฐเดฟ
1232:Historical/possibly extinct
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1967:Indian musical instruments
1962:Carnatic music instruments
1775:Tattamangalam Kuthira Vela
777:Indian musical instruments
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1760:Onathallu or Avittathallu
1670:Aluva Sivarathri festival
1315:Kerala Lalitakala Academy
489:(เดเดฐเตเดฐเตเดเตเดเต เดเตเดฃเตเด) or the
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144:Chenda Melam (เดเตเดฃเตเด เดฎเตเดณเด)
1780:Thirumandhamkunnu Pooram
1725:Kottankulangara Festival
1680:Edakkunni Uthram Vilakku
729:16 February 2020 at the
26:Not to be confused with
1325:Kerala Folklore Academy
1208:Bharatiya Sangeet Vadya
552:เดงเดฟ เดฐเดฟ เดเดฟ เด เดค เด เดค เดฐ เดเดพเด
540:เดงเดฟ เดฐเดฟ เดเดฟ เด เดฃ เด เดค เดฐ เดเดพเด
522:Dhi.Ki. Na.Na. Kaam...
519:Na.Ka. Tha.Ra. Kaam...
513:Na.Ka. Tha.Ra. Kaam...
395:A "Chenda Melam" means
19:For the 1973 film, see
1750:Nenmara Vallanghy Vela
1213:Indian classical music
968:Bowed Stringed (Vitat)
865:Plucked Stringed (Tat)
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546:เดงเดฟ เดเดพเด... เดงเดฟ เดเดพเด...
481:(เดตเตเดเต เดเตเดฃเตเด) or the
57:improve this article
1830:Musical instruments
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163:Chenda (เดเตเดฃเตเด)
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475:tamarind tree
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74: โ
73:
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68:Find sources:
62:
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46:This article
44:
40:
35:
34:
29:
22:
21:Chenda (film)
1982:Kerala music
1926:
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1907:
1895:
1836:
1809:Martial arts
1785:Thiruvathira
1710:Keralotsavam
1603:Thacholikali
1538:Mangalamkali
1513:Kummattikali
1417:Panchavadyam
1402:Kuzhal Pattu
1371:Ottamthullal
1361:Mohiniyattam
1249:Kinnari vina
1239:ฤlฤpiแนฤซ vฤซแนฤ
1025:
1016:Anandalahari
882:Gottuvadhyam
685:
681:
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627:Panchavadyam
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568:"Vaai Thari"
567:
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548:
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543:เดฃ เด เดค เดฐ เดเดพเด
542:
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537:เดฃ เด เดค เดฐ เดเดพเด
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394:
379:Chenda Melam
354:
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274:Asura Vadyam
272:
257:Kannyar Kali
242:
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176:
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113:October 2021
110:
100:
93:
86:
79:
67:
55:Please help
50:verification
47:
1921:WikiProject
1588:Poothamkali
1548:Margam Kali
1543:Marathukali
1533:Malayikuthu
1518:Kuthiyottam
1422:Pandi Melam
1356:Koodiyattam
1254:Pinaka vina
892:Rudra veena
736:Vadhya Kala
642:Pandi melam
483:Valam Thala
432:Pandi Melam
421:Pandi melam
365:Valam Thala
352:the wrist.
253:Koodiyattam
155:Pandi Melam
1951:Categories
1873:Sarpa Kavu
1700:Kanyarkali
1660:Aanayoottu
1613:Theyyannam
1578:Poorakkali
1558:Nayadikali
1483:Eruthukali
1478:Duff Muttu
1473:Chozhikali
1442:Thayambaka
1167:Jal tarang
932:Swarmandal
912:Seni Rebab
841:Shruti box
816:Nadaswaram
741:เดเตเดฃเตเด เดฎเตเดณเด
658:References
647:Kanyarkali
632:Thayambaka
491:Edam Thala
436:Thayambaka
409:Kodiyattam
397:percussion
345:Edam Thala
265:Yakshagana
226:Valamthala
211:Tamil Nadu
195:percussion
83:newspapers
1957:Kathakali
1897:Templates
1770:Puli Kali
1653:Festivals
1637:Fine arts
1623:Thiyyattu
1598:Slamakali
1451:Folk arts
1346:Kathakali
1096:Mridangam
796:Harmonium
702:0003-682X
652:Vadyakala
502:Ganapathi
405:Kathakali
373:Malayalam
349:Malayalam
314:Vellarkad
310:Valappaya
306:Vellarkad
294:Peruvembu
249:Kathakali
234:palm tree
222:Edamthala
207:Karnataka
203:Tulu Nadu
181:Malayalam
1909:Category
1878:Tharavad
1821:Velakali
1705:Karivela
1665:Aaraattu
1568:Padayani
1553:Mudiyett
1177:Khanjani
1162:Ghungroo
1106:Pakhawaj
927:Swarabat
922:Surbahar
727:Archived
621:See also
525:Dhi.Dhi
446:Learning
438:but for
72:"Chenda"
1866:Society
1852:Mizhavu
1608:Theyyam
1583:Poothan
1503:Kolkali
1488:Gadhika
1437:Sopanam
1192:Morsing
1187:Manjira
1182:Khartal
1086:Mardala
1066:Kanjira
990:Sarinda
985:Sarangi
975:Dilruba
937:Tanpura
897:Santoor
836:Shehnai
831:Shankha
791:Bansuri
688:: 1โ5.
434:or for
413:Theyyam
302:Lakkidi
298:Nemmara
284:Chenda.
261:Theyyam
97:scholar
1857:Timila
1842:Idakka
1837:Chenda
1563:Oppana
1223:Jivari
1172:Kartal
1157:Ghatam
1152:Chimta
1136:Udukai
1116:Sambal
1101:Nagada
1091:Mizhav
1071:Khamak
1061:Edakka
1056:Dholki
1051:Dholak
1031:Damaru
1026:Chenda
1021:Chande
1000:Violin
877:Ektara
872:Dotara
851:Tharai
846:Sringa
811:Kuzhal
801:Karnay
700:
401:Kerala
269:Chande
215:chende
199:Kerala
177:Chenda
99:
92:
85:
78:
70:
28:Chande
1972:Drums
1800:Vishu
1390:Music
1201:Other
1131:Tavil
1121:Tabla
1111:Parai
1081:Madal
1041:Duggi
1036:Dhaak
980:Esraj
949:Veena
917:Sitar
907:Sarod
826:Pungi
821:Nafir
806:Kombu
290:smith
245:Hindu
185:เดเตเดฃเตเด
104:JSTOR
90:books
1755:Onam
1076:Khol
1046:Dhol
995:Taus
959:Yazh
887:Pena
856:Venu
698:ISSN
369:bass
308:and
230:bass
209:and
175:The
76:news
690:doi
549:เดกเต
205:of
59:by
1953::
696:.
686:88
684:.
680:.
504:.
430:,
411:,
407:,
304:,
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259:,
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187:,
183::
1288:e
1281:t
1274:v
769:e
762:t
755:v
704:.
692::
355:"
339:"
179:(
126:)
120:(
115:)
111:(
101:ยท
94:ยท
87:ยท
80:ยท
53:.
30:.
23:.
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