33:
54:
584:
De Santis, Giuditta; D’Ambrosio, Tiziana; Rinaldi, Michele; Rascio, Agata (July 2016). "Heritabilities of morphological and quality traits and interrelationships with yield in quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) genotypes in the
Mediterranean environment".
400:
are removed during the cooking process, especially if boiled for 2 minutes at 100 °C (212 °F). However, the leaves are also edible raw in lower quantities, for example as a salad. The seeds can be prepared similar to
950:
Siener, Roswitha; Hönow, Ruth; Seidler, Ana; Voss, Susanne; Hesse, Albrecht (January 2006). "Oxalate contents of species of the
Polygonaceae, Amaranthaceae and Chenopodiaceae families".
827:
345:. Many species of this genus have a long history of domestications as grain, vegetable or forage crops. Therefore, genetic relationships and place of origin are hard to determine.
852:
1198:
1364:
1237:
674:
698:
Bhargava, Atul; Shukla, Sudhir; Ohri, Deepak (2006-09-27). "Evaluation of foliage yield and leaf quality traits in
Chenopodium spp. in multiyear trials".
499:, Volume 5, Chapter: Chenopodiaceae, Beijing: Science Press & St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, pp. 351–414
1146:
1211:
1159:
1273:
648:
Medvecká, Jana; Kliment, Ján; Májeková, Jana; Halada, Luboš; Zaliberová, Marica; GojdiÄŤová, Ema; Feráková, Viera; JarolĂmek, Ivan (2012).
543:"Genetic diversity and relationships among some wild and cultivated species of Chenopodium L. (Amaranthaceae) using RAPD and DAMD methods"
360:. Furthermore, it shows weedy characteristics such as fast growth and rapid spreading. In a few countries, such as Germany and Slovakia,
1107:
32:
564:
985:
1185:
1423:
1216:
1224:
1351:
1068:
324:. The flowering period begins in August. The seeds have a diameter of 1.5 mm. The number of chromosomes is n=54.
53:
907:
Mroczek, Agnieszka (2015-01-24). "Phytochemistry and bioactivity of triterpene saponins from
Amaranthaceae family".
1433:
1338:
1242:
1049:
624:
1428:
1278:
1343:
1133:
1138:
1125:
1120:
1011:
495:
Zhu, Gelin & Mosyakin, Sergei & E. Clemants, Steven. (2003). Chenopodiaceae (Flora of China). in
1164:
157:
868:"Phytochemical and Biological Studies of Medicinal Plants in Bahrain: The Family Chenopodiaceae—Part 2"
1330:
461:
1418:
1265:
1094:
649:
441:
514:
409:
or can alternatively be ground into flour, which is then mixed with cereal flour for bread making.
784:"Effects of Cooking Conditions on the Relationships Among Oxalate, Nitrate, and Lutein in Spinach"
1390:
932:
723:
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48:
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with a stem diameter of up to 5 cm at the base, that can grow to a height of up to 3 m.
1304:
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1286:
91:
1317:
1369:
1312:
114:
78:
675:"Bemerkenswerte Neophytenfunde aus Baden- Württemberg und Nachbargebieten (2004–2008)"
1412:
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389:
313:
305:
301:
124:
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357:
297:
1356:
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436:, which in high concentrations can have negative health impacts on humans (e.g.
433:
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437:
352:
It grows well in
Mediterranean environment but needs full or partial shade.
349:
has two main subspecies: one originating from India the other from
America.
866:
Al-Saleh, G F S; Gamal El-Din, A Y; Abbas, J A; Saeed, N A (January 1997).
1382:
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317:
104:
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783:
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826:
Gatersleben, Dr. Jörg
Ochsmann, Dr. Gisela Weber, Dr. Ram Narang IPK.
406:
336:
321:
1005:
1325:
1190:
782:
Wang, Zheng; Ando, Akira; Takeuchi, Atsuko; Ueda, Hiroshi (2018).
277:
173:
65:
828:"Mansfeld World Database on Agricultural and Horticultural Crops"
1099:
402:
372:
is nearly inexistent. But because of its stable and high yield
292:
are hairy with a magenta colour and the older become green. The
1009:
472:. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017
541:
Rana, Tikam; Narzary, Diganta; Ohri, Deepak (2010-03-01).
316:
flowers, which are wind pollinated. The flowers contain 5
515:"Chenopodium giganteum Tree Spinach PFAF Plant Database"
388:
can be eaten cooked like spinach, another member of the
1018:
304:can have a surface of up to 20 x 16 cm. The
202:(H.J.Coste & A.Reyn.) H.J.Coste & A.Reyn.
743:"CHARACTERIZATION OF OXALIC ACID IN VEGETABLES"
8:
851:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
412:Due to the partially pink coloured leaves,
1006:
741:ISHII, YUUKO; TAKIYAMA, KAZUYOSHI (1991).
650:"Inventory of the alien flora of Slovakia"
31:
20:
883:
799:
758:
453:
872:International Journal of Pharmacognosy
844:
276:, is an annual, upright many-branched
821:
819:
428:, the plants contain some amounts of
7:
1331:C9BE2767-C97F-6CC1-091A-1363A9777786
1266:41ec2454-daef-4cfc-8a4c-70d46f33bfc5
788:Food Science and Technology Research
618:
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424:As common for species of the family
356:does not have high requirements on
14:
1344:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:164949-1
376:could be a plant of the future.
368:. The commercial cultivation of
52:
384:The young shoots and leaves of
964:10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.05.059
416:also has an ornamental value.
1:
335:belongs to the same genus as
760:10.2116/analsci.7.supple_811
565:"Chenopods, Chenopodium spp"
832:mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de
625:"Alys Fowler: Tree spinach"
623:Fowler, Alys (2011-07-08).
1450:
885:10.1076/phbi.35.1.38.13266
470:Plants of the World Online
223:Chenopodium elegantissimum
16:Species of flowering plant
921:10.1007/s11101-015-9394-4
712:10.1007/s10681-006-9255-8
599:10.1016/j.jcs.2016.06.003
587:Journal of Cereal Science
199:Chenopodium amaranticolor
187:
180:
163:
156:
49:Scientific classification
47:
39:
30:
23:
328:Habitat and distribution
215:Chenopodium centrorubrum
210:(Lam.) Spielm. ex Steud.
364:has been reported as a
239:Chenopodium hookerianum
909:Phytochemistry Reviews
288:The younger leaves of
255:Chenopodium rubricaule
231:Chenopodium formosanum
207:Chenopodium bengalense
1424:Edible nuts and seeds
1050:Chenopodium giganteum
1020:Chenopodium giganteum
673:Amarell, Uwe (2010).
464:Chenopodium giganteum
414:Chenopodium giganteum
386:Chenopodium giganteum
374:Chenopodium giganteum
370:Chenopodium giganteum
362:Chenopodium giganteum
354:Chenopodium giganteum
347:Chenopodium giganteum
333:Chenopodium giganteum
308:consists of terminal
290:Chenopodium giganteum
269:Chenopodium giganteum
167:Chenopodium giganteum
42:Chenopodium giganteum
25:Chenopodium giganteum
442:Kidney stone disease
191:Atriplex bengalensis
801:10.3136/fstr.24.421
753:(Supple): 811–814.
747:Analytical Sciences
247:Chenopodium mairei
1434:Ornamental plants
1406:
1405:
1300:Open Tree of Life
1012:Taxon identifiers
986:"GESTIS Database"
342:Chenopodium album
265:
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149:C. giganteum
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706:(1–2): 199–213.
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679:www.mendeley.com
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1016:
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958:(2): 220–224.
952:Food Chemistry
942:
915:(4): 577–605.
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794:(3): 421–425.
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497:Flora of China
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392:. Most of the
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218:(Makino) Nakai
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426:Amaranthaceae
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390:Amaranthaceae
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320:leaves and 5
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314:hermaphrodite
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158:Binomial name
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125:Amaranthaceae
123:
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993:. Retrieved
989:
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951:
945:
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902:
878:(1): 38–42.
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836:. Retrieved
831:
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682:. Retrieved
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632:. Retrieved
629:the Guardian
628:
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559:
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522:. Retrieved
518:
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474:. Retrieved
469:
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385:
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361:
358:soil quality
353:
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274:tree spinach
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41:
40:Close-up of
24:
18:
1419:Chenopodium
1318:kew-2717345
1173:iNaturalist
1044:Wikispecies
834:(in German)
593:: 177–185.
434:oxalic acid
394:oxalic acid
284:Description
136:Chenopodium
92:Angiosperms
1413:Categories
1313:Plant List
995:2018-11-09
838:2018-11-09
684:2018-11-14
659:2018-11-14
634:2018-11-09
570:2018-11-14
553:: 840–846.
524:2018-11-09
448:References
1139:200006817
1126:200006817
972:0308-8146
929:1568-7767
894:0925-1618
810:1344-6606
769:0910-6340
720:0014-2336
700:Euphytica
607:0733-5210
438:Hemolysis
420:Nutrition
143:Species:
62:Kingdom:
1378:Tropicos
1204:10588708
1191:164949-1
1029:Wikidata
847:cite web
728:38249440
519:pfaf.org
430:saponins
398:saponins
366:neophyte
318:perianth
310:panicles
182:Synonyms
121:Family:
105:Eudicots
1383:7200239
1370:3592-19
1251:NTFlora
1152:3756077
1100:1248203
1035:Q486904
937:7900797
476:10 July
322:stamens
300:formed
294:rhombic
131:Genus:
111:Order:
66:Plantae
1357:163712
1305:499428
1263:NZOR:
1243:434242
1178:208769
1165:311134
1113:167871
1058:APDB:
970:
935:
927:
892:
808:
767:
726:
718:
605:
466:D.Don"
407:quinoa
337:quinoa
302:lamina
250:H.LĂ©v.
234:Koidz.
226:Koidz.
1365:SANBI
1326:Plazi
1292:27575
1274:NZPCN
1256:21186
1217:20608
1199:IRMNG
1108:EUNIS
1074:63968
1061:26544
933:S2CID
724:S2CID
312:with
298:ovate
278:shrub
174:D.Don
99:Clade
86:Clade
73:Clade
1339:POWO
1279:3688
1238:NCBI
1212:ITIS
1186:IPNI
1160:GRIN
1147:GBIF
1087:TXDF
1069:APNI
968:ISSN
925:ISSN
890:ISSN
853:link
806:ISSN
765:ISSN
716:ISSN
603:ISSN
478:2020
432:and
403:rice
396:and
242:Moq.
194:Lam.
1391:WFO
1352:RHS
1225:NBN
1134:FoC
1121:FNA
1095:EoL
1082:CoL
960:doi
917:doi
880:doi
796:doi
755:doi
708:doi
704:153
595:doi
444:).
440:or
405:or
380:Use
339:or
296:to
1415::
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