2101:-inch (16 mm) of the cheque is reserved for MICR characters only. Intrusion into the MICR area can cause problems when the cheque runs through the clearinghouse, requiring someone to print an MICR cheque correction strip and glue it to the cheque. Many new ATMs do not use deposit envelopes and actually scan the cheque at the time it is deposited and will reject cheques due to handwriting incursion which interferes with reading the MICR. This can cause considerable inconvenience as the depositor may have to wait days for the bank to be open and may have difficulty getting to the bank even when they are open; this can delay the availability of the portion of a deposit which their bank makes available immediately as well as the balance of the deposit. Terms of service for many mobile (cell phone camera) deposits also require the MICR section to be readable. Not all of the MICR characters have been printed at the time the cheque is written, as additional characters will be printed later to encode the amount; thus a sloppy signature could obscure characters that will later be printed there. Since MICR characters are no longer necessarily printed in magnetic ink and will be scanned by optical rather than magnetic means, the readers will be unable to distinguish pen ink from pre-printed magnetic ink; these changes allow cheques to be printed on ordinary home and office printers without requiring pre-printed cheque forms, allow ATM deposit capture, allow
3322:(transaction fees swallow the payment or exceed it). The only methods generally available for individuals and small businesses to make payments electronically are electronic funds transfers (EFT) or accepting credit cards. EFT payments require a commercial chequing account (which often has higher fees and minimum balances than individual accounts) and a subscription to EFT service costing anywhere from $ 10 to $ 25 a month, plus 10¢ per transaction (making transactions of 10¢ or less impossible, and transactions under $ 1 very expensive.) Credit card payments cost the recipient (or the payer) 33¢ plus 3% of the transaction, making transactions of 33¢ or less impossible, and transactions of $ 1 or less have at least a 30% service charge. Generally, payments by cheque (as long as the payer has funds in their account) and the recipient deposits it to their bank account, regardless of amount, have a service charge to both parties of zero.
3036:
designated "T". At "T + 2" (two business days afterwards) the value would count for calculation of credit interest or overdraft interest on the recipient's account. At "T + 4" clients would be able to withdraw funds on current accounts or at "T + 6" on savings accounts (though this will often happen earlier, at the bank's discretion). "T + 6" is the last day that a cheque can bounce without the recipient's permission—this is known as "certainty of fate". Before the introduction of this standard (also known as 2-4-6 for current accounts and 2-6-6 for savings accounts), the only way to know the "fate" of a cheque has been "Special
Presentation", which would normally involve a fee, where the drawee bank contacts the payee bank to see if the payee has that money at that time. "Special Presentation" had been stated at the time of deposit.
1834:
2217:
1919:
2112:, which restricts the use of the cheque so that the funds must be paid into a bank account. The format and wording varies from country to country, but generally two parallel lines may be placed either vertically across the cheque or in the top left hand corner. In addition the words 'or bearer' must not be used, or if pre-printed on the cheque must be crossed out on the payee line. If the cheque is crossed with the words 'Account Payee' or similar then the cheque can only be paid into the bank account of the person initially named as the payee, thus it cannot be endorsed to a different payee.
2712:, the largest ever is 12 by 25 metres (39 ft × 82 ft). Until recently, regardless of the size, such cheques could still be redeemed for their cash value as long as they would have the same parts as a normal cheque, although usually the oversized cheque is kept as a souvenir and a normal cheque is provided. Any bank could levy additional charges for clearing an oversized cheque. Most banks need to have the machine-readable information on the bottom of cheques read electronically, so only very limited dimensions can be allowed due to standardised equipment.
41:
3567:
1442:
33:
1026:
88:
3149:
53:
61:
2277:. Being paper-based, cheques are costly for banks to process in comparison to electronic payments, so banks in many countries now discourage the use of cheques, either by charging for cheques or by making the alternatives more attractive to customers. In particular, the handling of money transfers requires more effort and is time-consuming. The cheque has to be handed over in person or sent through mail. The rise of
939:
2322:. Even before the introduction of online banking, it has been possible in some countries to make payments to third parties using ATMs, which may accurately and rapidly capture invoice amounts, due dates, and payee bank details via a bar code reader to reduce keying. In using a cheque, the onus is on the payee to initiate the payment, whereas with a giro transfer, the onus is on the payer to effect the payment.
3106:
Ireland alone. The Cheque and Credit
Clearing Company noted that cheques continue to be highly valued for paying tradesmen and utility bills, and play a vital role in business, clubs and societies sectors, with nine in 10 business saying that they received or made payment by cheque on a monthly basis. In 2022, 150 million cheques were used to make payments in the UK, compared to 1.6 billion payments in 2006.
2684:
959:
6396:
3553:
1454:
2810:
2150:
1939:) was agreed upon and patented in the US for use with cheques. This opened the way for the first automated reader/sorting machines for clearing cheques. As automation increased, the following years saw a dramatic change in the way in which cheques were handled and processed. Cheque volumes continued to grow; in the late 20th century, cheques were the most popular non-
6209:
2128: – when the cheque is written, only the cheque itself is detached, and the stub is retained in the chequebook as a record of the cheque. Alternatively, cheques may be recorded with carbon paper behind each cheque, in ledger sheets between cheques or at the back of a chequebook, or in a completely separate transaction register that comes with a chequebook.
949:
2621:. A cheque differs from a warrant in that the warrant is not necessarily payable on demand and may not be negotiable. They are often issued by government entities such as the military to pay wages or suppliers. In this case they are an instruction to the entity's treasurer department to pay the warrant holder on demand or after a specified maturity date.
2045:
became customary to write the amount in words as well as in numbers to avoid mistakes and make it harder to fraudulently alter the amount after the cheque had been written. It is not a legal requirement to write the amount in words, although some banks will refuse to accept cheques that do not have the amount in both numbers and words.
2675:. These are paid for in advance when the order is drawn and are guaranteed by the institution that issues them and can only be paid to the named third party. This was a common way to send low value payments to third parties, avoiding the risks associated with sending cash by post, prior to the advent of electronic payment methods.
2380:) transaction and electronic credits, making up only nine per cent of transactions, an annual average of 41 cheque transaction per capita. Most retail stores no longer accept cheques; those that do often require government-issued identification or a store-issued "cheque identification card" before they can be accepted as payment.
2778:. For a period Canada also had a tele-cheque, which was a paper payment item that resembles a cheque except that it is neither created nor signed by the payer—instead it is created (and may be signed) by a third party on behalf of the payer. Under CPA Rules these were prohibited in the clearing system effective 1 January 2004.
2875:, so cheque payment is a legal term when that maximum is reached. It was possible to pay at the cash desk at the supermarket or shop by cheque or issue a check for annual school payments for a child. Utility bills and property tax can be paid by cheque at the post office. Moreover, usually tenant issues twelve
3070:
announced its intention to phase out the use of cheques completely in the UK by
October 2018, so long as adequate alternatives were developed. They intended to perform annual checks on the progress of other payments systems and a final review of the decision would have been held in 2016. However, the
2821:
Cheques were first used in India by the Bank of
Hindustan, the first joint stock bank established in 1770. In 1881, the Negotiable Instruments Act (NI Act) was enacted in India, formalising the usage and characteristics of instruments like the cheque, the bill of exchange, and promissory note. The NI
1888:
In
America, the Bank of New York began issuing cheques after its establishment by Alexander Hamilton in 1784. The oldest surviving example of a complete American chequebook from the 1790s was discovered by a family in New Jersey. The documents are in some ways similar to modern-day cheques, with some
1824:
began depositing their money with "cashiers". These cashiers held the money for a fee. Competition drove cashiers to offer additional services including paying money to any person bearing a written order from a depositor to do so. They kept the note as proof of payment. This concept went on to spread
3466:
In
Scotland, a cheque acts as an assignment of the amount of money to the payee. As such, if a cheque is dishonoured in Scotland, what funds are present in the bank account are "attached" and frozen, until either sufficient funds are credited to the account to pay the cheque, the drawer recovers the
2781:
Canada's usage of cheques is less than that of the US and has been declining rapidly at the urging of the
Canadian Banking Association since 2000. The Government of Canada claims it is 6.5 times more expensive to mail a cheque than to make a direct deposit. The Canadian Payments Association reported
2639:
is designed to allow the person signing it to make an unconditional payment to someone else as a result of paying the issuer for that privilege. Traveller's cheques can usually be replaced if lost or stolen, and people frequently used them on holiday instead of cash as many businesses used to accept
2371:
In New
Zealand, payments by cheque have declined since the mid-1990s in favour of electronic payment methods and were phased out completely in 2020. In 1993, cheques accounted for over half of transactions through the national banking system, with an annual average of 130 cheques per capita. By 2006
2076:
In some countries, such as the US, cheques may contain a memo line where the purpose of the cheque can be indicated as a convenience without affecting the official parts of the cheque. In the United
Kingdom a memo line is not available and such notes may be written on the reverse side of the cheque.
3283:
Directional routing number—also known as the transit number, consists of a denominator mirroring the first four digits of the routing number, and a hyphenated numerator, also known as the ABA number, in which the first part is a city code (1–49), if the account is in one of 49 specific cities, or a
3134:
Cheques are still held to be a secure and reliable means of payment: cheque fraud in the UK in 2020 totalled just £12.3 million across 185 million transactions. In the same period, online authorised payment scams totalled £479 million across 4.1 billion online payments. As such, cheques have seen a
3105:
In 2016, 432 million inter-bank cheques and credit-items worth £472 billion were processed in the United
Kingdom. In 2017, 405 million cheques worth £356 billion were used for payments and acquiring cash, an average of 1.2 million cheques per day, with more than 10 million being cleared in Northern
3043:
Although the UK did not adopt the euro as its national currency when other European countries did in 1999, many banks began offering euro denominated accounts with chequebooks, principally to business customers. The cheques can be used to pay for certain goods and services in the UK. The same year,
2338:
The United States relied heavily on cheques, due to the convenience it affords payers, and due to the absence of a high volume system for low value electronic payments. In the US, an estimated 18.3 billion cheques were paid in 2012, with a value of $ 25.9 trillion. However even in the United States
2199:
it in an account at the payee's bank, and have the bank process the cheque. In some cases, the payee will take the cheque to a branch of the drawee bank, and cash the cheque there. If a cheque is refused at the drawee bank (or the drawee bank returns the cheque to the bank that it was deposited at)
2087:
format, which allowed automated sorting and routing of cheques between banks and led to automated central clearing facilities. The information provided at the bottom of the cheque is country-specific and standards are set by each country's cheque clearing system. This means that the payee no longer
3395:
Sometimes, forgery is the method of choice in defrauding a bank. One form of forgery involves the use of a victim's legitimate cheques, that have either been stolen and then cashed, or altering a cheque that has been legitimately written to the perpetrator, by adding words or digits to inflate the
3027:
The rules concerning crossed cheques are set out in Section 1 of the Cheques Act 1992 and prevent cheques being cashed by or paid into the accounts of third parties. On a crossed cheque the words "account payee only" (or similar) are printed between two parallel vertical lines in the centre of the
2044:
As cheque usage increased during the 19th and 20th centuries, additional items were added to increase security or to make processing easier for the financial institution. A signature of the drawer was required to authorize the cheque, and this is the main way to authenticate the cheque. Second, it
1973:
system was phased out and replaced with domestic clearing systems. Old Eurocheques could still be used, but they were now processed by national clearing systems. At that time, several countries took the opportunity to phase out the use of cheques altogether. As of 2010, many countries have either
2883:
Ten bounced cheques during a year would result in the restriction of cheques for the account, and the bank will bounce new cheques for a year. If the account owner continues to draw cheques during the restriction period, that person's accounts in Israeli banks will be denied from issuing cheques.
2858:
reported there was a five percent decline in cheque usage compared to the previous year. In 2019, the Reserve Bank of India reported that while cheque usage continued to decline, the decrease was slow. The bank attributed the slow pace of the decline due to the fact that cheque volume had briefly
2566:
is drawn, the bank operating the account verifies there are currently sufficient funds in the drawer's account to honour the cheque. Those funds are then set aside in the bank's internal account until the cheque is cashed or returned by the payee. Thus, a certified cheque cannot "bounce", and its
2547:
is used in the UK and most of the Commonwealth. The mechanism differs slightly from country to country but in general the bank issuing the cheque or draft will allocate the funds at the point the cheque is drawn. This provides a guarantee, save for a failure of the bank, that it will be honoured.
2342:
Canada's usage of cheques is less than that of the US and is declining rapidly at the urging of the Canadian Banking Association. The Government of Canada claims it is 6.5 times more expensive to mail a cheque than to make a direct deposit. The Canadian Payments Association reported that in 2012,
1559:
during the 20th century and usage of cheques peaked. By the second half of the 20th century, as cheque processing became automated, billions of cheques were issued annually; these volumes peaked in or around the early 1990s. Since then cheque usage has fallen, being replaced by electronic payment
3370:
Cheques have been a tempting target for criminals to steal money or goods from the drawer, payee or the banks. A number of measures have been introduced to combat fraud over the years. These range from things like writing a cheque so it is difficult to alter after it is drawn, to mechanisms like
3321:
In 2002 the US still relied heavily on cheques due to the convenience afforded to payers, and due to the absence of a high volume system for low-value electronic payments. In practice, transfers of less than about five dollars are extremely expensive, and transactions of less than 50c impossible
2758:
In 1999, banks adopted a system to allow faster clearance of cheques by electronically transmitting information about cheques; this brought clearance times down from five to three days. Previously, cheques were required to be physically transported to the paying bank before processing began, and
3023:
Since 1995, all cheque printers must be members of the Cheque Printer Accreditation Scheme (CPAS). The scheme is managed by the Cheque and Credit Clearing Company and requires that all cheques for use in the British clearing process are produced by accredited printers who have adopted stringent
2232:
set up a working group in 2006 to look at the cheque clearing cycle. Their report said that clearing times could be improved, but that the costs associated with speeding up the cheque clearing cycle could not be justified considering the use of cheques was declining. However, they concluded the
3462:
after returning a cheque with the phrase "Insufficient Funds" after making an error—the court ruled that as there were sufficient funds the statement was demonstrably false and damaging to the reputation of the person issuing the cheque. Despite the use of this revised phrase, successful libel
2317:
In most European countries, cheques are now rarely used or have been completely phased out, even for third party payments except for the United Kingdom, France and Ireland. In most western European countries, it was standard practice for businesses to publish their bank details on invoices, to
3074:
Since 2001, businesses in the United Kingdom have made more electronic payments than cheque payments. Automated payments rose from 753 million in 1995 to 1.1 billion in 2001 and cheques declined in that same period of time from 1.14 to 1.1 billion payments. Most British utility
3039:
Cheque volumes peaked in 1990 when four billion cheque payments were made. Of these, 2.5 billion were cleared through the inter-bank clearing managed by the C&CCC, the remaining 1.5 billion being in-house cheques which were either paid into the branch on which they were drawn or
3035:
set up a working group in 2006 to look at the cheque clearing cycle. They produced a report recommending maximum times for the cheque clearing which were introduced in UK from November 2007. In the report the date the credit appeared on the recipient's account (usually the day of deposit) was
2325:
In the United Kingdom, France and Ireland cheques continued to be used as cheque payments were free for the consumer. However these countries have also seen significant declines since 2000. Since 2001, businesses in the United Kingdom made more electronic payments than cheque payments. The UK
2935:
Instrument-specific legislation includes the Cheques Act 1960, part of the Bills of Exchange Act 1908, which codifies aspects related to the cheque payment instrument, notably the procedures for the endorsement, presentment and payment of cheques. A 1995 amendment provided for the electronic
2952:
In New Zealand, payments by cheque have declined since the mid-1990s in favour of electronic payment methods. In 1993, cheques accounted for over half of transactions through the national banking system, with an annual average of 130 cheques per capita. By 2006 cheques lagged well behind
3126:
which has sped up the processing of cheques, reducing clearing times, and allowing customers to deposit them at ATMs and through mobile and online banking applications. Mobile banking has modernised the use of cheques; in the first 6 months of 2021, 3.8 million cheques were deposited by
1884:
Provincial clearinghouses were established in major cities throughout the UK to facilitate the clearing of cheques on banks in the same town. Birmingham, Bradford, Bristol, Hull, Leeds, Leicester, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle, Nottingham, Sheffield, and Southampton all had their own
2844:
In 2009 cheques were still widely used as a means of payment in trade, and also by individuals to pay other individuals or utility bills. One of the reasons was that banks usually provided cheques for free to their individual account holders. However, cheques are now rarely accepted at
2593:
and salaries became rare, the vocabulary "pay cheque" still remained commonly used to describe the payment of wages and salaries. Payroll cheques issued by the military to soldiers, or by some other government entities to their employees, beneficiants, and creditors, are referred to as
1927:
In 1931, an attempt was made to simplify the international use of cheques by the Geneva Convention on the Unification of the Law Relating to Cheques. Many European and South American states, as well as Japan, joined the convention. However, countries including the US and members of the
2329:
France, remains well ahead of its European counterparts in the use of cheque payments, as seen in 2020 where it is estimated that more than 1 billion cheque payments were made, compared to Italy, the country with the next highest number of payments, with under 100 million.
2240:
transactions is that they know the drawer's bank will not release the money until several days later. Paying with a cheque without adequate funds backing it and later making a deposit to the account on which the cheque is drawn in order to cover the cheque amount is called
1833:
3515:, dishonoured cheques can be reported on a customer's credit file, although not individually and this does not happen universally amongst banks. Dishonoured payments from current accounts can be marked in the same manner as missed payments on the customer's credit report.
2233:
biggest problem was the unlimited time a bank could take to dishonour a cheque. To address this, changes were implemented so that the maximum time after a cheque was deposited that it could be dishonoured was six days, what was known as the "certainty of fate" principle.
2135:" may be attached to inform the recipient of the purpose of the cheque – formally, which account receivable to credit the funds to. This is frequently done formally using a provided slip when paying a bill, or informally via a letter when sending an ad hoc cheque.
2736:
available to their beneficiaries, which are good up to a certain monetary amount for purchase of grocery items deemed eligible under the particular programme. The voucher can be deposited like any other cheque by a participating supermarket or other approved business.
3214:
of the document: this would be the case if the cheque does not name a payee, or is payable to "bearer" or to "cash" or "to the order of cash", or if the cheque is payable to someone who is not a person or legal entity, for example if the payee line is marked "Happy
1860:
pioneered the first use of a pre-printed form. These forms were printed on "cheque paper" to prevent fraud, and customers had to attend in person and obtain a numbered form from the cashier. Once written, the cheque was brought back to the bank for settlement. The
3028:
cheque. This makes the cheque non-transferable and is to avoid cheques being endorsed and paid into an account other than that of the named payee. Crossing cheques basically ensures that the money is paid into an account of the intended beneficiary of the cheque.
3439:) cheque. Cheques are usually dishonoured because the drawer's account has been frozen or limited, or because there are insufficient funds in the drawer's account when the cheque was redeemed. A cheque drawn on an account with insufficient funds is said to have
3348:. The access to these archives is now worldwide, as most bank programming is now done offshore. Many utilities and most credit cards will also allow customers to pay by providing bank information and having the payee draw payment from the customer's account (
2281:(ATMs) means that small amounts of cash are often easily accessible, so that it is sometimes unnecessary to write a cheque for such amounts instead. A number of countries have announced or have already completed the end of cheques as a means of payment.
4481:
A bank is under no obligation to a customer having a chequing account to pay a cheque, other than a certified cheque, which is presented more than six months after its date, but it may charge its customer's account for a payment made thereafter in good
1845:, because they enabled a customer to draw on the funds that he or she had in the account with a bank and required immediate payment. These were handwritten, and one of the earliest known still to be in existence was drawn on Messrs Morris and Clayton,
2927:. If an account owner bounces two cheques in six months, the bank will suspend the account for two years. If the account belongs to a public company, their stock will also be suspended from trading on the stock exchange, which can lead to bankruptcy.
1955:. The drawer would sign the cheque in front of the retailer, who would compare the signature to the signature on the card and then write the cheque-guarantee-card number on the back of the cheque. Such cards were generally phased out and replaced by
2548:
Cashier's cheques are perceived to be as good as cash but they are still a cheque, a misconception sometimes exploited by scam artists. A lost or stolen cheque can still be stopped like any other cheque, so payment is not completely guaranteed.
3040:
processed intra-bank without going through the clearings. As volumes started to fall, the challenges faced by the clearing banks were then of a different nature: how to benefit from technology improvements in a declining business environment.
1868:
Until about 1770, an informal exchange of cheques took place between London banks. Clerks of each bank visited all the other banks to exchange cheques while keeping a tally of balances between them until they settled with each other. Daily
3470:
A cheque may also be dishonoured because it is stale or not cashed within a "void after date". Many cheques have an explicit notice printed on the cheque that it is void after some period of days. In the US, banks are not required by the
3458:, they are typically returned marked "Refer to Drawer"—an instruction to contact the person issuing the cheque for an explanation as to why the cheque was not honoured. This wording was brought in after a bank was successfully sued for
1943:
method for making payments, with billions of them processed each year. Most countries saw cheque volumes peak in the late 1980s or early 1990s, after which electronic payment methods became more popular and the use of cheques declined.
3387:) to delay the notice of non-existent funds. This often involves trying to convince a merchant or other recipient, hoping the recipient will not suspect that the cheque will not clear, giving time for the fraudster to disappear.
2879:
to the landlord after signing the rental agreement: one cheque per month of the rental term; additional cheques signed by a tenant with an open date and amount for utility providers to ensure that the tenant will leave no debts.
2355:
In Australia, following global trends, the use of cheques continues to decline. In 1994 the value of daily cheque transactions was A$ 25 billion; by 2004 this had dropped to only A$ 5 billion, almost all of this for
2300:
being used for the majority of payments except for India, where cheque usage was prevalent. Where cheques were used they have been declining rapidly, by 2009 there was negligible consumer cheque usage in Japan, South Korea and
5393:
3371:
crossing a cheque so that it can only be paid into another bank's account providing some traceability. However, the inherent security weaknesses of cheques as a payment method, such as having only the signature as the main
1922:
An English cheque from 1956 having a bank clerk's red mark verifying the signature, a two-pence stamp duty, and holes punched by hand to cancel it. This is a "crossed cheque" disallowing the transfer of payment to another
2088:
has to go to the bank that issued the cheque, they can instead deposit it at their own bank or any other bank and the cheque would be routed back to the originating bank, and funds transferred to their own bank account.
2750:
The Australian Cheques Act 1986 is the body of law governing the issuance of cheques and payment orders in Australia. Procedural and practical issues governing the clearance of cheques and payment orders are handled by
2725:
2288:. The average value of these checks was $ 504, suggesting that most checks were used for larger purchases. This marks a significant decline from the year 2000 when Americans wrote an average of 60 checks annually.
2648:
has begun to replace the traveller's cheque as the standard for vacation money due to their convenience and additional security for the retailer. As a result, many businesses no longer accept traveller's cheques.
2822:
Act provided a legal framework for non-cash paper payment instruments in India. In 1938, the Calcutta Clearing Banks' Association, which was the largest bankers' association at that time, adopted clearing house.
2245:" or "floating" and is generally illegal in the US, but applicable laws are rarely enforced unless the drawer uses multiple chequing accounts with multiple institutions to increase the delay or to steal funds.
2853:
are payment methods of choice. Electronic payment transfer continued to gain popularity in India and like other countries this caused a subsequent reduction in volumes of cheques issued each year. In 2009 the
3404:
Since cheques include significant personal information (name, account number, signature and in some countries driver's license number, the address or phone number of the account holder), they can be used for
1966:, in which a physical cheque is converted into electronic form for transmission to the paying bank or clearing-house. This eliminates the cumbersome physical presentation and saves time and processing costs.
3503:
that track how people manage their chequing accounts. Banks use the agencies to screen chequing account applicants, and those with low debit scores are denied because banks cannot afford overdrawn accounts.
3277:
Typically the routing number is followed by a group of eight or nine MICR digits that indicates the particular account number at that bank. The account number is assigned independently by the various banks.
3222:
is one that a bank issues to an account holder in person. This is typically done for customers who have opened a new account or have run out of personalized cheques. It may lack the usual security features.
3121:
system, allowing people to pay in a cheque by taking a photo of it, rather than physically depositing the paper cheque at a bank. Between 2017 and 2019, the Barclays scheme was rolled out nationwide as the
2351:
Both Australia and New Zealand were heavy users of cheques during the later part of the 20th century. However, following global trends both countries have seen significant decline in the use of cheques.
2048:
An issue date was added, and cheques may become invalid a certain amount of time after issue. In the US and Canada, a cheque is typically valid for six months after the date of issue, after which it is a
3325:
Since 2002, the decline in cheque usage seen around the world has also started in the US. The cheque, although not as common as it used to be, is still a long way from disappearing completely in the US.
3703:
2040:: the currency amount. The amount and currency (e.g., dollars, pounds, etc.) usually must be written in words and in figures. The currency is usually the local currency, but may be a foreign currency.
3423:
A dishonoured cheque is literally one where the payment has not been honoured. i.e. The payment has been refused by the payer's bank, for many of various reasons. Colloquially, it is referred to as
1736:
The cheque had its origins in the ancient banking system, in which bankers would issue orders at the request of their customers, to pay money to identified payees. Such an order was referred to as a
3340:(ACH) or electronic transaction. Banks try to save time processing cheques by sending them electronically between banks. Cheque clearing is usually done through an electronic cheque broker, such as
2073:
A cheque number was added and cheque books were issued so that cheque numbers were sequential. This allowed for some basic fraud detection by banks and made sure one cheque was not presented twice.
4685:
5724:
2213:
Cheques can be lost or go astray within the cycle, or be delayed if further verification is needed in the case of suspected fraud. A cheque may thus bounce some time after it has been deposited.
3284:
state code (50–99) if it is not in one of those specific cities; the second part of the hyphenated numerator mirrors the 5th through 8th digits of the routing number with leading zeros removed.
4572:
4276:
3059:
up to a certain value, normally £50 or £100, when signed in front of the retailer with the additional cheque guarantee card. This was after a long period of decline in their use in favour of
2206:. Once a cheque is approved and all appropriate accounts involved have been credited, the cheque is stamped with some kind of cancellation mark, such as a "paid" stamp. The cheque is now a
4520:
2210:. Cancelled cheques are placed in the account holder's file. The account holder can request a copy of a cancelled cheque as proof of a payment. This is known as the cheque clearing cycle.
2185:—for example, in depositing a cheque with a custodian of a brokerage account, the payee will be the custodian, but the cheque may be marked "F/B/O" ("for the benefit of") the beneficiary.
3344:, Viewpointe LLC or the Federal Reserve Banks. Copies of the cheques are stored at a bank or the broker, for periods up to 99 years, and this is why some cheque archives have grown to 20
2837:(CTS). Under CTS, cheques are no longer physically transported to different clearing houses. They are processed at the bank where they are presented, where an image of the cheque using
2305:. This declining trend was accelerated by these developed markets advanced financial services infrastructure. Many of the developing countries in Asia have seen an increasing use of
4754:
2056:
but this depends on where the cheque is drawn. In Australia, a cheque is typically valid for fifteen months of the cheque date. A cheque that has an issue date in the future, a
1742:. The use of bills of exchange facilitated trade by eliminating the need for merchants to carry large quantities of currency (for example, gold) to purchase goods and services.
2192:
which would typically be the financial institution servicing the payee's account, or in some circumstances may be a third party to whom the payee owes or wishes to give money.
1841:
By the 17th century, bills of exchange were being used for domestic payments in England. Cheques, a type of bill of exchange, then began to evolve. Initially, they were called
4965:
5306:
4077:
During the 3rd century AD, financial firms in Persia (currently known as Iran) and other territories in the Persian Sassanid Dynasty issued letters of credit known as "chak"
2080:
In the US, at the top (when cheque oriented vertically) of the reverse side of the cheque, there are usually one or more blank lines labelled something like "Endorse here".
2022:: the person or entity whose transaction account is to be drawn. Usually, the drawer's name and account is preprinted on the cheque, and the drawer is usually the signatory.
1792:
drawn on his bank in another country. The Persian poet, Ferdowsi, used the term "cheque" several times in his famous book, Shahnameh, when referring to the Sasanid dynasty.
5801:
1623:, another form of negotiable instrument similar to cheques in that they were originally a written order to pay the given amount to whoever had it in their possession (the "
4138:
1608:
are, but must be paid to the payee. In some countries, such as the US, the payee may endorse the cheque, allowing them to specify a third party to whom it should be paid.
5172:
4854:
4386:
1690:
1511:
1754:(from 321 to 185 BC), a commercial instrument called the adesha was in use, which was an order on a banker desiring him to pay the money of the note to a third person.
3894:
A practical treatise on Banking, containing an account of the London and County Banks ... a view of Joint Stock Banks, and the Branch Banks of the Bank of England, etc
2216:
3269:'s cheque-processing centre. This is followed by digits 5 through 8, identifying the specific bank served by that cheque-processing centre. Digit 9 is a verification
1817:
as a legal device to allow international trade without the need to carry large amounts of gold and silver. Their use subsequently spread to other European countries.
4494:
3086:
announced in September 2005 that it would no longer accept cheques at their UK petrol stations, a change replicated by other major fuel retailers. Within a year,
4546:
1837:
Barclays and Co. cheque for 39 pounds, 4 shillings, and 2 pence, issued in London by Messrs Barclay and Tritton, 1793, on display at the British Museum in London
3867:
3447:. Banks will typically charge customers for issuing a dishonoured cheque, and in some jurisdictions such an act is a criminal action. A drawer may also issue a
2063:, may not be able to be presented until that date has passed. In some countries writing a post dated cheque may simply be ignored or is illegal. Conversely, an
1526:) to pay a specific amount of money from a person's account to the person in whose name the cheque has been issued. The person writing the cheque, known as the
3707:
1896:
was the first bank to personalize its customers' cheques, in 1811, by printing the name of the account holder vertically along the left-hand edge. In 1830 the
2567:
liquidity is similar to cash, absent failure of the bank. The bank indicates this fact by making a notation on the face of the cheque (technically called an
2269:
are increasingly preferred) and for third party payments (for example, bill payments), where the emergence of telephone banking has accelerated the decline,
6241:
5524:
3375:
method and not knowing if funds will be received until the clearing cycle is complete, have made them vulnerable to a number of different types of fraud.
2326:
Payments Council announced in 2011 that cheques would continue as long as customers needed them reversing a previous target to phase out cheques by 2018.
4840:
4689:
5735:
2702:, are often used in public events such as donating money to charity, announcing government grants, or giving out prizes such as those from lotteries or
3246:"Checks" were associated with chartered commercial banks. However, common usage has increasingly conformed to more recent versions of Article 3, where
6584:
1536:(often called a current, cheque, chequing, checking, or share draft account) where the money is held. The drawer writes various details including the
6014:
4784:
2964:
In 2020 New Zealand Banks began phasing out of cheques, and they are no longer accepted as payment. All have moved to other types of payment systems.
4627:
4576:
4283:
3341:
2752:
5256:
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means any or all of these negotiable instruments. Certain types of cheques drawn on government agencies, especially payroll cheques, may be called
2729:
1821:
5014:
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2871:
Cheques were widely used in the retail market, between persons, and for other payments. The law rules that payments in cash cannot exceed 6,000
4524:
4315:
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In addition to regular cheques, a number of variations were developed to address specific needs or address issues when using a regular cheque.
1983:
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Typically the account number is followed by a group of three or four MICR digits that indicates a particular cheque number from that account.
1485:
579:
445:
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the C&CCC set up the euro cheque clearing system to process euro denominated cheques separately from sterling cheques in Great Britain.
2961:) transaction and electronic credits, making up only nine per cent of transactions, an annual average of 41 cheque transaction per capita.
6716:
3467:
cheque and hands it into the bank, or the drawer obtains a letter from the payee stating that they have no further interest in the cheque.
1111:
1106:
3226:
In the US, the terminology for a cheque historically varied with the type of financial institution on which it is drawn. In the case of a
4413:
3855:
check, until ed. 10 in 1859. The adherence to "check" in the United States is a commendable manifestation of independent conservativism.
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out, process it all through electronic machinery, and post the funds to the proper accounts. In modern systems, taking advantage of the
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A cheque sold by a post office, bank, or merchant such as a grocery store for payment in favour of a third party is referred to as a
4183:
3304:
1551:
Although forms of cheques have been in use since ancient times and at least since the 9th century, they became a highly popular non-
988:
4378:
2936:
presentment of cheques and removed the previous requirement to deliver cheques physically to the paying bank, opening the way for
2034:: the bank or other financial institution where the cheque can be presented for payment. This is usually preprinted on the cheque.
6378:
5844:
5790:
4146:
1912:
2539:, are cheques issued against the funds of a financial institution rather than an individual account holder. Typically, the term
2368:, electronic transfers, and debit cards. The Australian payment systems strategic plan has said it will remove cheques by 2030.
1918:
6234:
5179:
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2285:
152:
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4335:
4204:
3020:(C&CCC) Standard 3"), be printed on a specific weight of paper (CBS1), and contain explicitly defined security features.
2795:
1116:
1084:
736:
487:
5949:
4436:"1 - Progressive Development of the Law of International Trade: Report of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, 1966"
3008:
In Turkey, cheques were usually used for commercial transactions only, and using post-dated cheques is legally permissible.
2120:
Cheques sometimes include additional documents. A page in a chequebook may consist of both the cheque itself and a stub or
6535:
6440:
3971:
3071:
decision was reversed in 2011 after vocal public, political, and industrial opposition, and cheques have remained in use.
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sweepstakes. The cheques are commonly 18 by 36 inches (46 cm × 91 cm) in size; however, according to the
1889:
data pre-printed on sheets of paper alongside blank spaces for where other information could be hand-written as needed.
1245:
860:
237:
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1893:
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in the City of London, to exchange all their cheques in one place and settle the balances in cash. This was the first
1270:
1203:
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were introduced in several countries, allowing a retailer to confirm that a cheque would be honored when used at a
1908:
1878:
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401:
127:
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In New Zealand, cheques once banked were processed electronically together with other retail payment instruments.
2617:
look like cheques and clear through the banking system like cheques, but are not drawn against cleared funds in a
2992:
Poland withdrew cheques from use in 2006, mainly because of lack of popularity due to the widespread adoption of
2703:
2458:
1862:
1478:
1238:
1218:
544:
379:
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resurgence in popularity in commercial transactions from businesses to avoid the possibility of phishing fraud.
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were used interchangeably from the 17th century until the 20th century. However, since the 19th century, in the
6624:
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3512:
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2422:
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494:
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4021:
Caesar and Christ : a history of Roman civilization and of Christianity from their beginnings to A.D. 325
2083:
Starting in the 1960s, machine-readable routing and account information was added to the bottom of cheques in
6180:
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was formally adopted in the US in 2004 with the passing of the "Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act" (or
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40:
4171:
The Trans-Saharan Book Trade: Manuscript Culture, Arabic Literacy and Intellectual History in Muslim Africa
3541:, as in the United States many cheques are transformed into electronic objects and the paper is destroyed.
3332:
About 70 billion cheques were written annually in the US by 2001, though around 17 million adult Americans
2949:
is often cited case law regarding the banking of cheques tendered as full settlement of disputed accounts.
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3000:. Electronic payments across the European Union became fast and inexpensive—usually free for consumers.
2855:
2826:
2762:
In June 2023 the Australian government announced it was moving to phase out the use of cheques by 2030.
1948:
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was more secure than transporting money. In the ninth century, a merchant in one country could cash a
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6365:
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3634:
3533:" at the post office. There a bank will pick up all the mail, sort it, open it, take the cheques and
3436:
3296:
is any bill of exchange, whether payable on demand or at a later date. If payable on demand it is a "
2969:
2357:
2296:
In many Asian countries, cheques were never widely used and generally only used by the wealthy, with
2202:
1932:
did not participate and so it remained very difficult for cheques to be used across country borders.
1711:, a term which came into English through French, Latin, Arabic, and ultimately from the Persian word
1471:
1005:
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514:
303:
252:
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In the United Kingdom, all cheques must conform to an industry standard detailing layout and font ("
1704:
to come from "a check against forgery", with the use of "check" to mean "control" stemming from the
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Typically when customers pay bills with cheques (like gas or water bills), the mail will go to a "
2200:
because there are insufficient funds for the cheque to clear, it is said that the cheque has been
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6250:
5096:
4229:
4221:
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3329:
In the US, an estimated 18.3 billion cheques were paid in 2012, with a value of $ 25.9 trillion.
2908:
2872:
2609:
2595:
2306:
1907:
In the late 19th century, several countries formalized laws regarding cheques. The UK passed the
1730:
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72:
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in 2016 before continuing to fall, as well as the efficiency of India's cheque clearing system.
2520:
2515:
2439:(local and international) via banks and credit unions or else via major private vendors such as
1615:
that were developed as a way to make payments without the need to carry large amounts of money.
1025:
3817:
Ellinger, Peter (August 1981). "Chapter 4: Negotiable Instruments". In Ziegel, Jacob S. (ed.).
3110:
estimates that only 0.2% of payments (70 million transactions) will be made by cheque in 2031.
3031:
Following concerns about the amount of time it took banks to clear cheques, the United Kingdom
2798:, is widely used by merchants to the point that few brick and mortar merchants accept cheques.
2782:
that in 2012, cheque use in Canada accounted for only 40% of total financial transactions. The
87:
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6597:
6482:
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4834:
4764:
4179:
4120:
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3312:
3118:
3083:
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2524:
2132:
1963:
1781:
1624:
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1183:
1065:
793:
788:
629:
599:
534:
247:
32:
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3427:. Such a cheque cannot be redeemed for its value and is worthless; they are also known as an
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6552:
6514:
6504:
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2057:
1639:
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1213:
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666:
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45:
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60:
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4339:
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3672:. I have adopted the above form because it is free from ambiguity and is analogous to the
3592:
3530:
3524:
3356:, as these have security advantages over mailing cash and require no bank-account access.
2771:
2618:
2563:
2196:
2064:
1974:
phased out the use of cheques altogether or signaled that they would do so in the future.
1897:
1870:
1857:
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1620:
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1322:
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554:
529:
504:
418:
308:
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147:
122:
4966:"Six grants worth a total of $ 260k approved in marginal seat of Longman before election"
3631:– a cheque which is drawn on another bank than that at which it is presented for payment.
2919:
4523:. Department of Innovation, Industry, Science, and Research. 4 July 2008. Archived from
4464:
3162:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
2360:. Personal cheque use is practically non-existent thanks to the longstanding use of the
6678:
6661:
6646:
6292:
3616:
3583:– slip of paper attached to a cheque used to endorse it when there is not enough space.
3406:
3372:
3082:
The vast majority of British retailers no longer accept cheques as a means of payment.
3056:
2900:
2791:
2688:
2426:
2388:
2319:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2102:
1982:
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843:
783:
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258:
242:
227:
142:
5394:"The Ministry is phasing out payment by cheque | New Zealand Ministry of Justice"
4023:. The story of civilization. Vol. 3. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 749.
3451:
on a cheque, instructing the financial institution not to honour a particular cheque.
3131:
customers. Nevertheless, in 2020-21, the use of cheques declined by 19% year on year.
1900:
introduced books of 50, 100, and 200 forms and counterparts, bound or stitched. These
6710:
6336:
4254:
4233:
4093:
4064:
3628:
3610:
3384:
2846:
2440:
2436:
2418:
2254:
1952:
1751:
1705:
1686:
is used only for other meanings, thus distinguishing the two definitions in writing.
1130:
920:
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778:
549:
539:
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396:
207:
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182:
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112:
102:
3315:) of paper cheques into electronic replacements, reducing cost and processing time.
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5483:
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4330:
3907:
3586:
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3318:
The specification for US cheques is given by ANSI committee X9 Technical Report 2.
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3239:
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509:
374:
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137:
117:
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2801:
The Canadian government began phasing out all government cheques from April 2016.
2284:
In October 2023, the average American wrote just over one check, according to the
1592:
held in the drawer's name with that institution. Both the drawer and payee may be
5953:
5924:
6467:
6421:
6373:
6320:
6315:
5731:
5230:
4633:. London: The Office of Fair Trading. November 2006. p. 297. Archived from
4088:
Ilya Yakubovich. (2012). Journal of the American Oriental Society, 132(1), 116.
4055:
3823:. Vol. IX: Commercial Transactions and Institutions. Springer. p. 26.
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337:
222:
157:
107:
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the financial institution where the cheque can be presented for payment; and a
17:
6629:
6617:
6417:
6391:
6274:
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5797:
4602:
4217:
3625:– the act of scanning paper cheques and turning them into electronic payments.
3548:
3496:
3107:
2997:
2958:
2787:
2645:
2462:
2400:
2377:
2262:
2237:
1970:
1799:
1795:
1757:
The ancient Romans are believed to have used an early form of cheque known as
1650:), is believed to have come into use around 1828, when the switch was made by
1561:
1396:
342:
4124:
3766:"Cheques will be phased out by 2030 as the use of mobile wallets sky-rockets"
2343:
cheque use in Canada accounted for only 40% of total financial transactions.
1568:. In an increasing number of countries cheques have either become a marginal
6607:
4992:
4726:"Total number of check payments in 27 countries in Europe from 2000 to 2020"
3673:
2850:
2809:
2775:
2444:
1846:
1353:
455:
440:
277:
5307:"India at the bottom of the list: Least reduction in usage of bank cheques"
3463:
lawsuits brought against banks by individuals remained for similar errors.
2149:
6208:
3336:. Certain companies whom a person pays with a cheque will turn it into an
1904:
became a common format for the distribution of cheques to bank customers.
1873:
began around 1770 when the bank clerks met at the Five Bells, a tavern in
1820:
In the early 1500s, to protect large accumulations of cash, people in the
6477:
6435:
6430:
6297:
5373:
Phasing out of cheques in New Zealand – Are you prepared? | Varntige
5122:"Prohibition of Tele-cheques in the Automated Clearing Settlement System"
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3333:
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2814:
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2580:
2220:
Symbolic cheques are used at events to depict money offered to the payee.
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1372:
1360:
1077:
1060:
1047:
499:
332:
5150:
5067:
4818:
4686:"'Green payment' movement set to impact the American payments landscape"
4521:"Legal Issues Guide for Small Business: How long is a cheque valid for?"
2309:
systems, 'leap-frogging' the less efficient chequing system altogether.
1750:
There is early evidence of using bill of exchange. In India, during the
3598:
3580:
2973:
2783:
2590:
2482:
1556:
818:
589:
192:
5944:
5942:
4310:
The Evolution of the cheque as a Means of Payment: A Historical Survey
4225:
3199:—the most common form in the US—is payable only to the named payee or
2968:
stopped accepting cheques as payment on 28 February 2020, followed by
2726:
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children
1798:, living in the 10th century, records the use of a cheque written in
1768:
territory began to issue letters of credit. These letters were termed
6540:
6499:
6342:
6309:
6219:
3409:. The practice was discontinued as identity theft became widespread.
3352:). Many people in the US pay their bills or transfer money via paper
3265:
is a nine-digit number in which the first four digits identifies the
3095:
2954:
2470:
2466:
2373:
2361:
2302:
1814:
1803:
3311:). This allowed the creation of electronic cheques and translation (
3257:
At the bottom of each cheque there is the routing/account number in
2980:
stopped accepting cheques on 25 June and 30 June 2021 respectively;
3273:, computed using a complex algorithm of the previous eight digits.
3203:, as it usually contains the language "Pay to the order of (name)".
1865:
in eighteenth-century England further promoted the use of cheques.
6412:
6348:
3637:– a pre-paid cheque that could be used to make payments in stores.
3604:
3459:
2808:
2682:
2486:
2474:
2215:
2148:
1917:
1832:
1541:
1528:
1420:
1406:
1389:
1384:
477:
428:
59:
31:
1588:
to pay a specific amount of a specific currency from a specified
6519:
6472:
6303:
6280:
4036:"Contractual structures and payoff patterns of Sukūk securities"
3839:
cheque came into use at about 1828, when the switch was made by
3258:
3087:
2984:
was the last major bank to phase out cheques on 27 August 2021.
2774:. Canadian cheques can legally be written in English, French or
2395:
2365:
2297:
2084:
1940:
1936:
1713:
1552:
1515:
1329:
1055:
686:
524:
450:
79:
6223:
1544:
on the cheque, and signs it, ordering their bank, known as the
6354:
5090:"Standard 006 – Specifications for MICR-Encoded Payment Items"
3643:– identification used to collect railway workers' pay packets.
3491:
In the United States some consumer reporting agencies such as
3160:. The reason given is: sources on usage are over 10 years old.
3142:
2977:
5990:"The Federal Reserve Payments Study - 2018 Annual Supplement"
3613:– political concept to distribute goods in exchange for work.
1962:
From the mid-1990s, many countries enacted laws to allow for
1700:
Etymological dictionaries attribute the financial meaning of
5409:"Kiwibank checks out: Last day for customers to use cheques"
5178:. Canadian Payment Association. October 2012. Archived from
4860:. Canadian Payment Association. October 2012. Archived from
4573:"SKU: USCST850 MICR 1-1/8" × 8-1/2" Check Correction Strips"
3483:, which is a cheque presented six months after it is dated.
3055:
in the UK. This service allowed cheques to be guaranteed at
2770:
In Canada, cheques standards and processing are overseen by
2169:
the entity to whom the drawer issues the cheque. The drawer
5369:"Phasing out of cheques in New Zealand – Are you prepared?"
5257:"What is Cheque Truncation System and how it benefits you?"
5149:. Canadian Bankers Association. 7 June 2012. Archived from
3507:
In the United Kingdom, in common with other items such as
2253:
Cheque usage has been declining since the 1990s, both for
1682:) has become standard for the financial instrument, while
1604:, and are not in general payable simply to the bearer as
5968:"X9 TR-2:2005 Understanding, Designing Producing Checks"
4277:"Cheques and cheque clearing: An historical perspective"
3706:. UK Payment Administration (UKPA). 2010. Archived from
3113:
In June 2014, following a successful trial in the UK by
2224:
Following concerns about the amount of time it took the
4379:"Newly Discovered Oldest Surviving American chequebook"
2236:
An advantage to the drawer of using cheques instead of
4755:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
3668:
in 1828 explains in a footnote 'Most writers spell it
3075:
companies charge lower prices to customers who pay by
5095:. Canadian Payments Association. 2015. Archived from
4661:"It's never been more confusing to pay for something"
3300:", or if drawn on a financial institution, a cheque.
5462:[Law Amending the Cheque Law] (in Turkish).
5205:"Canadian Government is Phasing Out Printed Cheques"
2028:: the person or entity who is to be paid the amount.
1935:
In 1959 a standard for machine-readable characters (
6528:
6411:
6364:
6329:
6257:
6130:"Balancing a Checkbook Isn't Calculus. It's Harder"
5042:"A cheque is a cheque -- whatever it is printed on"
2585:A cheque used to pay wages may be referred to as a
36:
Cheque signed by US President Gerald Ford from 1975
6068:
3843:, Practical Treatise on Banking (London 1828) 14.
1548:, to pay the amount of money stated to the payee.
6075:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p.
5577:"Cheques not to be scrapped after all, banks say"
5460:"Çek Kanununda Değişiklik Yapilmasina Dair Kanun"
4202:(1968). "Ibn-Hawqal, the Cheque, and Awdaghost".
3179:In the United States, cheques are referred to as
1784:and other Arab-ruled lands. Transporting a paper
5785:
5783:
5781:
4554:. Troy Group. 2015. pp. 1–5. Archived from
3619:– urban legend where a cow was used as a cheque.
2786:system, which allows instant fund transfers via
2008:Machine-readable routing and account information
5952:. Supersat-tech.livejournal.com. Archived from
5347:"Payment and Settlement Systems in New Zealand"
5173:"Examining Canadian Payment Methods and Trends"
4909:"Payment and Settlement Systems in New Zealand"
4855:"Examining Canadian Payment Methods and Trends"
4497:. Canadian Payments Association. Archived from
3896:(2nd ed.). London: E. Wilson. p. 115.
3851:, On Bills of Exchange, used the old spelling,
3704:"Cheques and Bankers' Drafts Facts and Figures"
2157:Parties to regular cheques generally include a
2131:When a cheque is mailed, a separate letter or "
2105:, and facilitate electronic copies of cheques.
5925:"U.C.C. - Article 3 - Negotiable Iinstruments"
5017:. Guinness World Records. 2009. Archived from
3102:had all phased out the acceptance of cheques.
2917:
2898:
2841:(MICR) is captured and digitally transmitted.
2759:dishonoured cheques were physically returned.
6235:
6181:"CFPB to supervise credit reporting agencies"
5479:"Cheque changes leave consumers in the clear"
4688:. euromonitor.com. 4 May 2010. Archived from
4408:
4406:
4404:
3820:International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law
3679:, the royal treasury. It is also used by the
2195:A payee that accepts a cheque will typically
2144:
1479:
982:
8:
4941:. A-Z-Dictionaries.com. 2005. Archived from
4355:A history of the Bank of New York, 1784-1884
4043:International Journal of Banking and Finance
3117:, the UK government gave the go-ahead for a
2640:traveller's cheques as currency. The use of
2181:, especially in the US. There may also be a
1764:Beginning in the third century AD, banks in
6046:"17 million Americans have no bank account"
4459:
4457:
4275:Cheque and Credit Clearing Company (2009).
4168:Krätli, Graziano; Lydon, Ghislaine (2011).
3996:. Reserve Bank of India. 12 December 1998.
3736:"BNZ, ANZ, Westpac to phase out cheque use"
2914:Bounced cheques are called Fuwatari Kogitte
2339:cheque usage has seen significant decline.
2108:For additional protection, a cheque can be
6326:
6242:
6228:
6220:
5595:"Plans to end cheques criticised by banks"
4964:Karp, Paul; Remeikis, Amy (9 March 2020).
4599:"CPM Federal Credit Union Deposit ATM FAQ"
3835:It would appear that the modern spelling,
3812:
3810:
3785:"Cheque vs. Check: What's the Difference?"
3589:– cheque where amount has been left blank.
2153:Cheques may be valid regardless of amount.
1486:
1472:
1000:
989:
975:
471:
282:
67:
5893:
5891:
5679:. London. Press Association. 3 April 2006
5349:. Reserve Bank of New Zealand. March 2008
5282:"CTS - Frequently asked questions | NPCi"
5147:"B2B and Mobile Payments: The Road Ahead"
4139:"How Islamic inventors changed the world"
4054:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3607:– historic Indian cheque-like instrument.
319:Transaction (checking / current)
4749:
4747:
4745:
4743:
3051:from 30 June 2011 withdrew the existing
2753:Australian Payments Clearing Association
1986:Parts of a cheque based on a UK example
1981:
1772:, meaning "document" or "contract". The
1729:For broader coverage of this topic, see
51:
39:
6156:"Bank customers - you're being tracked"
5015:"GWR Day - Kuwait: A Really Big cheque"
4414:"Evolution of Payment Systems in India"
3695:
3658:
2730:Aid to Families with Dependent Children
2509:
2188:Ultimately, there is also at least one
2051:
1012:
324:
285:
78:
4887:"Are Australians still using cheques?"
4839:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
4832:
4622:
4620:
4442:from the original on 14 September 2010
3383:Taking advantage of the float period (
3236:Negotiable Order of Withdrawal account
2831:National Payments Corporation of India
2318:facilitate the receipt of payments by
6608:Commodity theory of money (Metallism)
6101:"Bounced cheques yield libel damages"
6015:"2013 Federal Reserve Payments Study"
5827:"Cheque photo plan gets the go-ahead"
4785:"2013 Federal Reserve Payments Study"
4389:from the original on 26 December 2015
3183:and are governed by Article 3 of the
2228:to clear cheques, the United Kingdom
2015:The four main items on a cheque are:
7:
5850:. UK Finance. August 2022. p. 6
5477:Miles, Brignall (30 November 2007).
4659:Chandler, Adam (11 September 2024).
4000:from the original on 20 January 2019
2161:, the depositor writing a cheque; a
1572:or have been completely phased out.
948:
5900:"Why cheques aren't quite dead yet"
5699:"High Street retailer bans cheques"
4712:"Why cheques aren't quite dead yet"
4107:A Short History of the Arab Peoples
2589:. Even when the use of cheques for
6071:A dictionary of modern legal usage
5765:Cheque and Credit Clearing Company
5551:"Cheques to be phased out in 2018"
5527:. Payments Council. Archived from
5231:"Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881"
4575:. U.S. Bank Supply. Archived from
4420:. 12 December 1998. Archived from
3018:Cheque and Credit Clearing Company
2839:Magnetic ink character recognition
2226:Cheque and Credit Clearing Company
25:
6585:Akkadian standards of measurement
5845:"UK PAYMENT MARKETS SUMMARY 2022"
5434:"ASB to phase out use of cheques"
4495:"Cheque Clearing FAQ, question 7"
4465:"Uniform Commercial Code § 4-404"
4308:Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta,
4257:. 2003. p. 4. Archived from
4248:"Guide to Checks and Check Fraud"
3974:from the original on 2 April 2014
3944:from the original on 9 March 2013
3795:from the original on 25 July 2016
2510:Cashier's cheques and bank drafts
1693:, the usual spelling for both is
6394:
6207:
6044:Ellis, David (2 December 2009).
5807:from the original on 16 May 2023
5407:Lock, Harry (28 February 2020).
5070:. Payments Canada. 8 August 2016
4714:. Financial Times. 30 July 2021.
4094:10.7817/jameroriesoci.132.1.0116
3565:
3551:
3147:
3079:than for other payment methods.
2849:in retail stores where cash and
1913:Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881
1638:is the original spelling in the
1452:
1440:
1024:
957:
947:
938:
937:
86:
6271:(W. Mesoamerica & N. Andes)
5507:"R.I.P. Cheque guarantee cards"
5255:Dubey, Navneet (5 April 2021).
5044:. Bankrate, Inc. Archived from
4763:. Paris: OECD. pp. 76–79.
4145:. 11 March 2006. Archived from
3783:Conrad, Jordan (22 July 2016).
3210:is payable to anyone who is in
2698:, also commonly referred to as
2286:Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta
2177:a cheque, which is also called
2145:§ Cheques around the world
2070:has an issue date in the past.
6154:Blake Ellis (16 August 2012).
6128:Tugend, Alina (24 June 2006).
5898:Cook, Lindsay (30 July 2021).
5673:"Cheques get the chop at Asda"
5647:"Shell bans payment by cheque"
5127:. Payments Canada. 1 June 2003
4628:"Cheques Working Group Report"
4205:The Journal of African History
3912:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
3734:Edmunds, Susan (13 May 2020).
3495:, Early Warning Services, and
3232:negotiable order of withdrawal
2709:Guinness Book of World Records
1915:; which both covered cheques.
1853:, and dated 16 February 1659.
1514:) is a document that orders a
737:Strategic financial management
1:
6588:
6536:List of historical currencies
6441:Central bank digital currency
5621:"Popularity of cheques wanes"
4789:Federal Reserve Bank Services
4109:. Dorset Press. p. 105.
2892:In Japan, cheques are called
2502:Variations on regular cheques
1959:, starting in the mid-1990s.
1780:later used by traders in the
1656:Practical Treatise on Banking
891:Sustainable development goals
6642:Standard of deferred payment
5725:"2016 UK Payment Statistics"
4939:Glossary of Accounting terms
3501:cheque verification services
3431:(returned deposit item), or
3228:savings and loan association
3053:Cheque Guarantee Card Scheme
2391:other than cheques include:
48:as payee and payor from 1809
6717:Accounting source documents
5705:. London. 12 September 2006
5653:. London. 10 September 2005
4913:Reserve Bank of New Zealand
4469:Legal Information Institute
4282:. p. 2. Archived from
4056:10.32890/ijbf2013.10.2.8475
3938:Online Etymology Dictionary
3601:– electronic fund transfer.
2372:cheques lagged well behind
1894:Commercial Bank of Scotland
1534:transaction banking account
6758:
5329:Homeguard v Kiwi Packaging
4105:Glubb, John Bagot (1988).
3522:
3416:
3363:
3263:ABA routing transit number
2946:Homeguard v Kiwi Packaging
2813:A sample cheque issued by
2656:
2628:
2607:
2578:
2555:
2513:
2479:Unified Payments Interface
2142:
1909:Bills of Exchange Act 1882
1825:to England and elsewhere.
1728:
1674:and Ireland, the spelling
642:Fractional-reserve banking
570:Enterprise risk management
6389:
6067:Garner, Bryan A. (1995).
4353:"Domett, Henry Williams.
4218:10.1017/S0021853700008847
3968:Dictionary.com Unabridged
3872:Oxford English Dictionary
3303:The electronic cheque or
3156:This section needs to be
2918:
2899:
2704:Publishers Clearing House
2279:automated teller machines
1849:and bankers based in the
545:Diversification (finance)
6625:Quantity theory of money
6446:Chattel/movable property
4471:. United States Congress
4438:. www.jus.uio.no. 1966.
3338:Automated Clearing House
2835:cheque truncation system
2741:Cheques around the world
2450:Electronic bill payments
2334:Decline in North America
2257:transactions (for which
1863:suppression of banknotes
1809:In the 13th century the
1512:see spelling differences
495:Automated teller machine
5870:"Image Clearing System"
4318:19 October 2012 at the
4034:Safari, Meysam (2013).
3876:Oxford University Press
3595:– guaranteed by a bank.
3473:Uniform Commercial Code
3294:Uniform Commercial Code
3267:US Federal Reserve Bank
3185:Uniform Commercial Code
2825:Beginning in 2010, the
2724:programmes such as the
2459:Online payment services
2384:Alternatives to cheques
1911:, and India passed the
1892:It is thought that the
1879:bankers' clearing house
1802:which was worth 42,000
1761:in the 1st century BC.
1366:Commemorative banknotes
742:Stress test (financial)
6684:Complementary currency
6613:Credit theory of money
6573:Depository institution
5950:"Inside Check Numbers"
5627:. London. 25 July 2002
5040:Holden, Lewis (2009).
3908:"Definition of cheque"
3890:Gilbart, James William
3189:negotiable instruments
3187:, under the rubric of
3033:Office of Fair Trading
2907:, and are governed by
2818:
2692:
2624:
2543:is used in the US and
2421:(initiated by payer),
2230:Office of Fair Trading
2221:
2154:
2091:In the US, the bottom
2012:
1949:cheque guarantee cards
1924:
1838:
1678:(from the French word
1642:. The newer spelling,
1631:Spelling and etymology
1611:Cheques are a type of
1508:North American English
1447:Numismatics portal
1085:Circulating currencies
65:
57:
49:
37:
6667:Digital gold currency
5956:on 21 September 2007.
4264:on 28 September 2011.
4019:Durant, Will (1944).
3666:James William Gilbart
3334:have no bank accounts
3124:Image Clearing System
3066:In December 2009 the
2856:Reserve Bank of India
2829:(RBI) along with the
2827:Reserve Bank of India
2812:
2686:
2653:Money or postal order
2219:
2152:
1985:
1921:
1836:
1652:James William Gilbart
1590:transactional account
1586:financial institution
1582:negotiable instrument
1177:Historical currencies
1018:the study of currency
916:Too connected to fail
677:Investment management
575:Environmental finance
434:Correspondent account
128:Community development
63:
55:
43:
35:
6546:Coincidence of wants
6366:Representative money
6216:at Wikimedia Commons
5927:. Cornell Law School
5791:"Cheque Market 2018"
5761:"Cheque Market 2018"
5048:on 14 September 2010
4548:MICR Basics Handbook
4527:on 14 September 2010
4338:27 July 2020 at the
3878:. 2009. p. 350.
3847:209 points out that
3499:have been providing
3443:and may be called a
3437:non-sufficient funds
3024:security standards.
2687:Presentation of the
2415:(initiated by payee)
1930:British Commonwealth
1540:amount, date, and a
1148:Fictional currencies
814:Exchange traded fund
692:Mathematical finance
652:Fundamental analysis
647:Full-reserve banking
253:Bank holding company
163:Export credit agency
71:Part of a series on
6694:Time-based currency
5235:A Lawyers Reference
5102:on 27 November 2016
4760:The Future of Money
3413:Dishonoured cheques
2833:(NPCI) piloted the
2537:treasurer's cheques
2267:mobile payment apps
2005:Signature of drawer
1335:Commemorative coins
1246:Medieval currencies
1155:Proposed currencies
906:Time value of money
732:Statistical finance
722:Sustainable finance
672:Investment advisory
314:Time deposit (Bond)
6563:Clearinghouse bank
6251:Medium of exchange
6134:The New York Times
6109:. UK. 21 July 1992
5601:. 11 December 2010
5557:. 16 December 2009
5531:on 20 January 2010
5466:. 3 February 2012.
5185:on 29 October 2013
5153:on 18 January 2017
5068:"Paying by Cheque"
4867:on 29 October 2013
4821:on 18 January 2017
4728:. 9 September 2021
4605:on 16 October 2016
4332:History of Cheques
3647:Warrant of payment
3641:Railway pay cheque
3573:Numismatics portal
3487:Consumer reporting
3479:stale-dated cheque
3419:Dishonoured cheque
3342:The Clearing House
2877:post-dated cheques
2819:
2693:
2691:$ 10 million award
2637:traveller's cheque
2631:Traveller's cheque
2625:Traveller's cheque
2610:Warrant of payment
2347:Decline in Oceania
2307:electronic payment
2222:
2155:
2116:Attached documents
2052:stale-dated cheque
2013:
1999:Amount of currency
1925:
1839:
1731:History of banking
1606:bearer instruments
1576:Nature of a cheque
1555:method for making
881:Security (finance)
856:History of banking
752:Structured product
747:Structured finance
560:Economic expansion
73:financial services
66:
64:A cheque from 1933
58:
56:A cheque from 1905
50:
38:
6704:
6703:
6689:Sectoral currency
6635:Market monetarism
6598:Code of Hammurabi
6387:
6386:
6379:Gold certificates
6212:Media related to
6086:978-0-19-507769-8
5741:on 7 January 2017
5464:T.C. Resmi Gazete
5438:Radio New Zealand
5413:Radio New Zealand
5209:businesschief.com
5021:on 6 January 2009
4770:978-92-64-19672-8
4692:on 21 August 2010
4561:on 21 April 2015.
4424:on 27 April 2006.
4383:rarebookbuyer.com
4200:Levtzion, Nehemia
4116:978-0-88029-226-9
3932:Harper, Douglas.
3830:978-90-286-0291-5
3789:Writing Explained
3683:"Cheque Office"'.
3635:Traveler's cheque
3623:Substitute cheque
3535:remittance advice
3456:England and Wales
3305:substitute cheque
3177:
3176:
3119:cheque truncation
2938:cheque truncation
2722:public assistance
2696:Oversized cheques
2679:Oversized cheques
2521:Cashier's cheques
2313:Decline in Europe
2133:remittance advice
1978:Parts of a cheque
1964:cheque truncation
1813:was developed in
1782:Abbasid Caliphate
1602:order instruments
1560:systems, such as
1496:
1495:
999:
998:
794:Corporate finance
789:Capital structure
764:
763:
535:Corporate finance
355:
354:
27:Method of payment
16:(Redirected from
6749:
6672:Virtual currency
6657:Digital currency
6593:
6590:
6553:Bureau de change
6404:
6399:
6398:
6397:
6330:Domestic animals
6327:
6244:
6237:
6230:
6221:
6211:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6191:
6177:
6171:
6170:
6168:
6166:
6151:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6140:
6125:
6119:
6118:
6116:
6114:
6097:
6091:
6090:
6074:
6064:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6053:
6041:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6030:
6021:. Archived from
6011:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6000:
5986:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5975:
5964:
5958:
5957:
5946:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5932:
5921:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5910:
5895:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5881:
5866:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5855:
5849:
5841:
5835:
5834:
5823:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5812:
5806:
5795:
5787:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5771:
5757:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5746:
5740:
5734:. Archived from
5729:
5721:
5715:
5714:
5712:
5710:
5695:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5684:
5669:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5658:
5643:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5632:
5617:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5606:
5591:
5585:
5584:
5573:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5562:
5547:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5536:
5525:"Press Releases"
5521:
5515:
5514:
5503:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5474:
5468:
5467:
5456:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5445:
5430:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5419:
5404:
5398:
5397:
5390:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5365:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5343:
5337:
5325:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5314:
5303:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5292:
5278:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5267:
5252:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5241:
5227:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5216:
5201:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5190:
5184:
5177:
5169:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5143:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5132:
5126:
5118:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5107:
5101:
5094:
5086:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5064:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5053:
5037:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5026:
5011:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5000:
4989:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4978:
4961:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4931:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4905:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4894:
4883:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4872:
4866:
4859:
4851:
4845:
4844:
4838:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4817:. Archived from
4811:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4791:. Archived from
4781:
4775:
4774:
4751:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4722:
4716:
4715:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4697:
4682:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4656:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4640:on 19 March 2009
4639:
4632:
4624:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4601:. Archived from
4595:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4579:on 29 March 2016
4569:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4553:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4532:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4506:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4478:
4476:
4461:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4410:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4385:. 12 July 2014.
4375:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4349:
4343:
4342:- Barclays, 2020
4328:
4322:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4288:
4281:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4252:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4196:
4190:
4189:
4176:Brill Publishers
4165:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4102:
4096:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4058:
4040:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4016:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4005:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3970:. Random House.
3960:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3814:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3762:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3731:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3700:
3684:
3663:
3593:Certified cheque
3575:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3561:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3481:
3480:
3172:
3169:
3163:
3151:
3150:
3143:
3068:Payments Council
3049:Payments Council
2972:on 31 May 2021.
2926:
2924:
2923:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2859:increased after
2716:Payment vouchers
2564:certified cheque
2558:Certified cheque
2552:Certified cheque
2533:banker's cheques
2527:, also known as
2454:Internet banking
2358:B2B transactions
2208:cancelled cheque
2179:cutting a cheque
2126:
2125:
2100:
2099:
2095:
1885:clearinghouses.
1811:bill of exchange
1739:bill of exchange
1691:American English
1658:. The spellings
1640:English language
1621:promissory notes
1613:bill of exchange
1520:building society
1488:
1481:
1474:
1459:Money portal
1457:
1456:
1455:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1169:History of money
1124:Local currencies
1028:
1019:
1001:
991:
984:
977:
961:
951:
950:
941:
940:
871:Personal finance
804:Equity (finance)
667:Impact investing
657:Growth investing
565:Enterprise value
472:
283:
238:Savings and loan
90:
68:
46:Thomas Jefferson
21:
6757:
6756:
6752:
6751:
6750:
6748:
6747:
6746:
6707:
6706:
6705:
6700:
6652:Unit of account
6591:
6524:
6510:Promissory note
6488:Deposit account
6461:Cheque clearing
6415:
6407:
6400:
6395:
6393:
6383:
6360:
6325:
6293:Precious metals
6260:
6253:
6248:
6204:
6199:
6189:
6187:
6179:
6178:
6174:
6164:
6162:
6153:
6152:
6148:
6138:
6136:
6127:
6126:
6122:
6112:
6110:
6106:The Independent
6099:
6098:
6094:
6087:
6066:
6065:
6061:
6051:
6049:
6043:
6042:
6038:
6028:
6026:
6019:Federal Reserve
6013:
6012:
6008:
5998:
5996:
5994:Federal Reserve
5988:
5987:
5983:
5973:
5971:
5966:
5965:
5961:
5948:
5947:
5940:
5930:
5928:
5923:
5922:
5918:
5908:
5906:
5904:Financial Times
5897:
5896:
5889:
5879:
5877:
5874:www.wearepay.uk
5868:
5867:
5863:
5853:
5851:
5847:
5843:
5842:
5838:
5833:. 25 June 2014.
5825:
5824:
5820:
5810:
5808:
5804:
5793:
5789:
5788:
5779:
5769:
5767:
5759:
5758:
5754:
5744:
5742:
5738:
5727:
5723:
5722:
5718:
5708:
5706:
5697:
5696:
5692:
5682:
5680:
5671:
5670:
5666:
5656:
5654:
5645:
5644:
5640:
5630:
5628:
5619:
5618:
5614:
5604:
5602:
5593:
5592:
5588:
5583:. 12 July 2011.
5575:
5574:
5570:
5560:
5558:
5549:
5548:
5544:
5534:
5532:
5523:
5522:
5518:
5513:. 29 June 2011.
5505:
5504:
5500:
5490:
5488:
5476:
5475:
5471:
5458:
5457:
5453:
5443:
5441:
5432:
5431:
5427:
5417:
5415:
5406:
5405:
5401:
5392:
5391:
5387:
5377:
5375:
5367:
5366:
5362:
5352:
5350:
5345:
5344:
5340:
5326:
5322:
5312:
5310:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5290:
5288:
5286:www.npci.org.in
5280:
5279:
5275:
5265:
5263:
5254:
5253:
5249:
5239:
5237:
5229:
5228:
5224:
5214:
5212:
5203:
5202:
5198:
5188:
5186:
5182:
5175:
5171:
5170:
5166:
5156:
5154:
5145:
5144:
5140:
5130:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5119:
5115:
5105:
5103:
5099:
5092:
5088:
5087:
5083:
5073:
5071:
5066:
5065:
5061:
5051:
5049:
5039:
5038:
5034:
5024:
5022:
5013:
5012:
5008:
4998:
4996:
4995:. Megaprint Inc
4991:
4990:
4986:
4976:
4974:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4948:
4946:
4945:on 7 March 2009
4933:
4932:
4928:
4918:
4916:
4907:
4906:
4902:
4892:
4890:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4870:
4868:
4864:
4857:
4853:
4852:
4848:
4831:
4824:
4822:
4815:"Archived copy"
4813:
4812:
4808:
4798:
4796:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4771:
4753:
4752:
4741:
4731:
4729:
4724:
4723:
4719:
4710:
4709:
4705:
4695:
4693:
4684:
4683:
4679:
4669:
4667:
4658:
4657:
4653:
4643:
4641:
4637:
4630:
4626:
4625:
4618:
4608:
4606:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4582:
4580:
4571:
4570:
4566:
4558:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4530:
4528:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4504:
4502:
4501:on 10 June 2011
4493:
4492:
4488:
4474:
4472:
4463:
4462:
4455:
4445:
4443:
4434:
4433:
4429:
4412:
4411:
4402:
4392:
4390:
4377:
4376:
4372:
4362:
4360:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4340:Wayback Machine
4329:
4325:
4320:Wayback Machine
4306:
4302:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4279:
4274:
4273:
4269:
4261:
4250:
4246:
4245:
4241:
4198:
4197:
4193:
4186:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4152:
4150:
4143:The Independent
4137:
4136:
4132:
4117:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4087:
4083:
4038:
4033:
4032:
4028:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4003:
4001:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3977:
3975:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3947:
3945:
3931:
3930:
3926:
3916:
3914:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3868:"Cheque, check"
3866:
3865:
3861:
3831:
3816:
3815:
3808:
3798:
3796:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3764:
3763:
3754:
3744:
3742:
3733:
3732:
3723:
3713:
3711:
3710:on 13 June 2010
3702:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3688:
3687:
3681:Bank of England
3664:
3660:
3655:
3571:
3566:
3564:
3557:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3527:
3525:Post office box
3521:
3513:standing orders
3489:
3478:
3477:
3421:
3415:
3402:
3393:
3381:
3368:
3362:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3152:
3148:
3141:
3014:
3006:
2990:
2933:
2915:
2896:
2890:
2869:
2807:
2772:Payments Canada
2768:
2748:
2743:
2720:In the US some
2718:
2700:novelty cheques
2681:
2665:
2657:Main articles:
2655:
2633:
2627:
2619:deposit account
2612:
2606:
2583:
2577:
2560:
2554:
2541:cashier's check
2525:banker's drafts
2518:
2516:Cashier's check
2512:
2504:
2389:Payment systems
2386:
2349:
2336:
2315:
2294:
2292:Decline in Asia
2251:
2147:
2141:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2103:mobile deposits
2097:
2093:
2092:
2011:
1980:
1898:Bank of England
1871:cheque clearing
1858:Bank of England
1831:
1759:praescriptiones
1748:
1734:
1727:
1633:
1594:natural persons
1578:
1492:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1441:
1439:
1431:
1430:
1323:Coin collecting
1318:
1317:
1308:
1307:
1261:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1172:
1171:
1160:
1159:
1051:
1050:
1017:
1016:
995:
930:
929:
911:Too big to fail
896:Systematic risk
809:Ethical banking
799:Cost of capital
774:
766:
765:
712:Private banking
682:Islamic banking
662:Hedge (finance)
585:Ethical banking
555:Economic bubble
530:Climate finance
505:Bank regulation
469:
461:
460:
419:Instant payment
365:
357:
356:
280:
263:
262:
98:
28:
23:
22:
18:Check (finance)
15:
12:
11:
5:
6755:
6753:
6745:
6744:
6742:Paper products
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6709:
6708:
6702:
6701:
6699:
6698:
6697:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6679:Local currency
6676:
6675:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6662:Cryptocurrency
6654:
6649:
6647:Store of value
6644:
6639:
6638:
6637:
6632:
6622:
6621:
6620:
6610:
6605:
6602:§100; §122–125
6595:
6592: 2150 BC
6582:
6577:
6576:
6575:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6549:
6548:
6538:
6532:
6530:
6526:
6525:
6523:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6491:
6490:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6464:
6463:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6427:
6425:
6409:
6408:
6406:
6405:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6384:
6382:
6381:
6376:
6370:
6368:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6358:
6357:(Tibet, China)
6352:
6346:
6340:
6333:
6331:
6324:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6307:
6301:
6300:(cotton cloth)
6295:
6290:
6284:
6278:
6272:
6265:
6263:
6255:
6254:
6249:
6247:
6246:
6239:
6232:
6224:
6218:
6217:
6203:
6202:External links
6200:
6198:
6197:
6172:
6146:
6120:
6092:
6085:
6059:
6036:
6025:on 9 July 2015
6006:
5981:
5959:
5938:
5916:
5887:
5861:
5836:
5818:
5777:
5752:
5716:
5690:
5664:
5638:
5612:
5586:
5568:
5542:
5516:
5498:
5469:
5451:
5425:
5399:
5385:
5360:
5338:
5320:
5298:
5273:
5247:
5222:
5196:
5164:
5138:
5113:
5081:
5059:
5032:
5006:
4984:
4956:
4926:
4900:
4878:
4846:
4806:
4795:on 9 July 2015
4776:
4769:
4757:, ed. (2002).
4739:
4717:
4703:
4677:
4651:
4616:
4590:
4564:
4538:
4512:
4486:
4453:
4427:
4418:www.rbi.org.in
4400:
4370:
4359:. 21 July 2010
4344:
4323:
4300:
4289:on 20 May 2020
4267:
4239:
4212:(2): 223–333.
4191:
4184:
4160:
4149:on 17 May 2008
4130:
4115:
4097:
4081:
4026:
4011:
3994:"Publications"
3985:
3955:
3934:"check (n. 1)"
3924:
3899:
3881:
3859:
3829:
3806:
3775:
3772:. 7 June 2023.
3752:
3721:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3638:
3632:
3626:
3620:
3617:Negotiable cow
3614:
3608:
3602:
3596:
3590:
3584:
3577:
3576:
3562:
3546:
3543:
3523:Main article:
3520:
3517:
3488:
3485:
3417:Main article:
3414:
3411:
3407:identity theft
3401:
3400:Identity theft
3398:
3392:
3389:
3380:
3377:
3373:authentication
3364:Main article:
3361:
3358:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3224:
3223:
3216:
3204:
3175:
3174:
3155:
3153:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3057:point of sales
3013:
3012:United Kingdom
3010:
3005:
3002:
2989:
2986:
2932:
2929:
2889:
2886:
2868:
2865:
2861:demonetisation
2806:
2803:
2792:magnetic strip
2767:
2764:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2717:
2714:
2689:Ansari X Prize
2680:
2677:
2654:
2651:
2629:Main article:
2626:
2623:
2608:Main article:
2605:
2602:
2587:payroll cheque
2579:Main article:
2576:
2575:Payroll cheque
2573:
2556:Main article:
2553:
2550:
2545:banker's draft
2514:Main article:
2511:
2508:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2489:
2456:
2447:
2434:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2385:
2382:
2348:
2345:
2335:
2332:
2314:
2311:
2293:
2290:
2275:mobile banking
2271:online banking
2250:
2247:
2140:
2137:
2117:
2114:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1979:
1976:
1875:Lombard Street
1851:City of London
1830:
1827:
1822:Dutch Republic
1747:
1744:
1726:
1723:
1632:
1629:
1600:. Cheques are
1598:legal entities
1584:instructing a
1580:A cheque is a
1577:
1574:
1570:payment system
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1449:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1029:
1021:
1020:
1010:
1009:
997:
996:
994:
993:
986:
979:
971:
968:
967:
966:
965:
955:
945:
932:
931:
928:
927:
924:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
876:Public finance
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
852:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
784:Bond (finance)
781:
775:
773:Related topics
772:
771:
768:
767:
762:
761:
760:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
717:Sustainability
714:
709:
704:
702:Money creation
699:
697:Mobile banking
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
638:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
491:
490:
485:
470:
467:
466:
463:
462:
459:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
437:
436:
426:
421:
416:
411:
410:
409:
404:
394:
393:
392:
387:
377:
372:
366:
364:Funds transfer
363:
362:
359:
358:
353:
352:
351:
350:
345:
340:
335:
327:
326:
322:
321:
317:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
294:Christmas club
288:
287:
281:
269:
268:
265:
264:
259:Lists of banks
256:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
213:Postal savings
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
188:Mutual savings
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
99:
97:Types of banks
96:
95:
92:
91:
83:
82:
76:
75:
44:A cheque with
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6754:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6722:Banking terms
6720:
6718:
6715:
6714:
6712:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6681:
6680:
6677:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6659:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6627:
6626:
6623:
6619:
6616:
6615:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:; c. 1750 BC)
6603:
6599:
6596:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6574:
6571:
6570:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6547:
6544:
6543:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6527:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6489:
6486:
6485:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6462:
6459:
6458:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6419:
6414:
6410:
6403:
6392:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6367:
6363:
6356:
6353:
6350:
6347:
6344:
6341:
6338:
6337:Water buffalo
6335:
6334:
6332:
6328:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6311:
6308:
6306:(Roman world)
6305:
6302:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6288:
6285:
6282:
6279:
6277:(Mesoamerica)
6276:
6273:
6270:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6262:
6256:
6252:
6245:
6240:
6238:
6233:
6231:
6226:
6225:
6222:
6215:
6210:
6206:
6205:
6201:
6186:
6182:
6176:
6173:
6161:
6157:
6150:
6147:
6135:
6131:
6124:
6121:
6108:
6107:
6102:
6096:
6093:
6088:
6082:
6078:
6073:
6072:
6063:
6060:
6047:
6040:
6037:
6024:
6020:
6016:
6010:
6007:
5995:
5991:
5985:
5982:
5969:
5963:
5960:
5955:
5951:
5945:
5943:
5939:
5926:
5920:
5917:
5905:
5901:
5894:
5892:
5888:
5875:
5871:
5865:
5862:
5846:
5840:
5837:
5832:
5828:
5822:
5819:
5803:
5799:
5792:
5786:
5784:
5782:
5778:
5766:
5762:
5756:
5753:
5737:
5733:
5726:
5720:
5717:
5704:
5700:
5694:
5691:
5678:
5674:
5668:
5665:
5652:
5648:
5642:
5639:
5626:
5622:
5616:
5613:
5600:
5596:
5590:
5587:
5582:
5578:
5572:
5569:
5556:
5552:
5546:
5543:
5530:
5526:
5520:
5517:
5512:
5508:
5502:
5499:
5486:
5485:
5480:
5473:
5470:
5465:
5461:
5455:
5452:
5440:. 16 May 2020
5439:
5435:
5429:
5426:
5414:
5410:
5403:
5400:
5395:
5389:
5386:
5374:
5370:
5364:
5361:
5348:
5342:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5330:
5324:
5321:
5309:. 5 June 2019
5308:
5302:
5299:
5287:
5283:
5277:
5274:
5262:
5258:
5251:
5248:
5236:
5232:
5226:
5223:
5211:. 19 May 2020
5210:
5206:
5200:
5197:
5181:
5174:
5168:
5165:
5152:
5148:
5142:
5139:
5123:
5117:
5114:
5098:
5091:
5085:
5082:
5069:
5063:
5060:
5047:
5043:
5036:
5033:
5020:
5016:
5010:
5007:
4994:
4993:"Big Cheques"
4988:
4985:
4973:
4972:
4967:
4960:
4957:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4930:
4927:
4914:
4910:
4904:
4901:
4888:
4882:
4879:
4863:
4856:
4850:
4847:
4842:
4836:
4820:
4816:
4810:
4807:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4780:
4777:
4772:
4766:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4727:
4721:
4718:
4713:
4707:
4704:
4691:
4687:
4681:
4678:
4666:
4665:Sherwood News
4662:
4655:
4652:
4636:
4629:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4604:
4600:
4594:
4591:
4578:
4574:
4568:
4565:
4557:
4550:
4549:
4542:
4539:
4526:
4522:
4516:
4513:
4500:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4483:
4470:
4466:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4441:
4437:
4431:
4428:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4374:
4371:
4358:
4356:
4348:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4311:
4304:
4301:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4268:
4260:
4256:
4255:Wachovia Bank
4249:
4243:
4240:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4195:
4192:
4187:
4185:9789004187429
4181:
4177:
4173:
4172:
4164:
4161:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4134:
4131:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4112:
4108:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4091:
4085:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4027:
4022:
4015:
4012:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3956:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3928:
3925:
3913:
3909:
3903:
3900:
3895:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3832:
3826:
3822:
3821:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3779:
3776:
3771:
3767:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3741:
3737:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3709:
3705:
3699:
3696:
3690:
3682:
3678:
3677:
3671:
3667:
3662:
3659:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3629:Transit check
3627:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3611:Labour cheque
3609:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3563:
3560:
3549:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3526:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3509:Direct Debits
3505:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3474:
3468:
3464:
3461:
3457:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3445:rubber cheque
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3420:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3399:
3397:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3385:cheque kiting
3378:
3376:
3374:
3367:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3330:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3221:
3220:counter check
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3171:
3159:
3154:
3145:
3144:
3139:United States
3138:
3136:
3132:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3116:
3111:
3109:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3019:
3011:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2941:
2940:and imaging.
2939:
2930:
2928:
2921:
2912:
2910:
2902:
2895:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2847:point of sale
2842:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2816:
2811:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2754:
2745:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2690:
2685:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2660:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2632:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2517:
2507:
2501:
2497:
2496:postal orders
2493:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2441:Western Union
2438:
2437:Wire transfer
2435:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2419:Direct credit
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2255:point of sale
2249:Declining use
2248:
2246:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2198:
2193:
2191:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2151:
2146:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2129:
2127:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2106:
2104:
2089:
2086:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2062:
2060:
2055:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1996:Date of issue
1995:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1969:In 2002, the
1967:
1965:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1953:point of sale
1950:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1859:
1856:In 1717, the
1854:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1835:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1752:Maurya Empire
1745:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1732:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1709:used in chess
1708:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1619:evolved from
1618:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1460:
1450:
1448:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1342:Bullion coins
1340:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1312:
1311:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1255:
1254:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1131:Company scrip
1129:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1112:South America
1110:
1108:
1107:North America
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:
992:
987:
985:
980:
978:
973:
972:
970:
969:
964:
960:
956:
954:
946:
944:
936:
935:
934:
933:
926:
925:
922:
921:Watered stock
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
901:Systemic risk
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
861:List of banks
859:
857:
854:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
779:Asset pricing
777:
776:
770:
769:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
592:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
550:Eco-investing
548:
546:
543:
541:
540:Disinvestment
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
520:Capital asset
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
489:
486:
484:
481:
480:
479:
476:
475:
474:
473:
465:
464:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
435:
432:
431:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
408:
405:
403:
400:
399:
398:
395:
391:
388:
386:
383:
382:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
367:
361:
360:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
330:
329:
328:
323:
320:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
291:
290:
289:
284:
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138:Credit union
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6732:Numismatics
6520:Safekeeping
6374:Bimetallism
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6052:3 September
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5732:Payments UK
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5561:16 December
5378:18 December
5313:18 December
5240:18 December
5131:26 November
5106:26 November
5074:26 November
3493:ChexSystems
3271:check digit
3197:order check
3129:Lloyds Bank
3061:debit cards
2998:debit cards
2931:New Zealand
2909:kogitte law
2669:money order
2659:Money order
2646:debit cards
2429:in Europe,
2407:Credit card
2263:debit cards
2203:dishonoured
2183:beneficiary
2124:counterfoil
1957:debit cards
1843:drawn notes
1776:became the
1746:Early years
1617:Paper money
1562:debit cards
1414:Scripophily
1014:Numismatics
866:Market risk
757:Toxic asset
727:Speculation
615:engineering
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6711:Categories
6630:Monetarism
6618:Chartalism
6515:Redemption
6505:Possession
6468:Clay token
6321:Trade bead
6275:Cocoa bean
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6048:. CNN News
5798:UK Finance
5215:22 October
5189:24 October
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3691:References
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3212:possession
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2059:post-dated
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1847:scriveners
1829:Modern era
1800:Aoudaghost
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488:management
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6269:Axe-money
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4065:155043129
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3346:petabytes
3242:it was a
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3230:it was a
3168:July 2023
2776:Inuktitut
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2066:antedated
1361:Banknotes
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1288:Hammering
1271:Designers
1194:Byzantine
1061:Banknotes
819:Financial
610:economics
590:Financial
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248:Wholesale
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6478:Currency
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6312:(barley)
6298:Quachtli
6185:CNNMoney
6160:CNNMoney
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5831:BBC News
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5703:BBC News
5651:BBC News
5625:BBC News
5599:BBC News
5581:BBC News
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5511:BBC News
5487:. London
4935:"Cheque"
4835:cite web
4609:20 March
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1214:Indian
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1092:Africa
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