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nest only once every three to four years and most species have two to four egg laying time periods per nesting season, which is from spring to late fall. A common number of eggs laid in a nest is often about 100 eggs per clutch. The incubation period of some turtles can range anywhere from 50 to 60 days. The development of the eggs is dependent on the temperature of the environment that they were buried in, with warmer climates bringing about an earlier emergence by the hatchlings. The timing of sea turtle hatching tends to be almost synchronous among the whole clutch of eggs, with just about all the eggs in the nest hatching within the same time. This is thought to aid the process of the hatchlings unburying themselves from the sand and most often occurs at night time. Temperature has also been linked to the likeliness of hatching's sex, warmer temperature more likely to produce females and colder temperatures more commonly producing males.
896:
402:
near by the coastlines when nesting, and spend most of their lives swimming out in waters over the continental shelf when feeding. Travelling throughout the oceans has been reported in olive ridley sea turtles but more often than not, they tend to frequent bays and estuaries. The diets of all the sea turtle species, except for the Green Sea Turtle, which is only herbivorous from hatchling to juvenile, are mostly carnivorous, with some herbivorous tendencies. Sea turtles feed mainly on sea sponges, jellyfish, mollusks and barnacles, sea urchins, and even fish. The green sea turtle, on the other hand, feeds primarily on many different types of sea grasses.
124:
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the pectoral and abdominal plates of the plastron. Sizes among the seven species of sea turtles range from 71 to 213 cm; for example, the smallest turtle species in the family
Cheloniidae, the Kemp's Ridley, only has a shell size of about 75 cm and a weight of 50 kg. All species have a distinct hardened shell.
415:
have fully reproductively matured and to have produced hatchlings of their own. International legislation has been put into place to attempt to reduce the number of sea turtle deaths but this does not deter the demand for the consumption of turtle eggs around the world, and some are hunted for their shells.
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The conservation status of each of the seven turtle species are either endangered, threatened or data deficient (Flatback). The green and loggerhead sea turtles are categorized as endangered, olive ridley are classified as vulnerable, Kemp's ridley, and hawksbill sea turtles are critically endangered
383:
do not have the ability to retract their heads into their shells. Their plastron, which is the bony plate making up the underside of a turtle or tortoise's shell, is comparably more reduced from other turtle species and is connected to the top part of the shell by ligaments without a hinge separating
425:
Sea turtles play a very important part in marine ecosystems. They maintain the balance of health of sea grasses and reefs, which in turn benefit the likes of shrimp, lobsters, and tunas. They are also the last living members of the seafaring category of marine reptiles that have been in existence on
414:
Most do not reach sexual maturity before becoming prey to other organisms, or being caught by humans either intentionally or as bycatch by commercial fishing operations. Their slow maturity rate, which most of the time means about 10 or 15 years, does not allow the turtles which have been caught to
392:
Reproductive behaviors among the different species of sea turtles are similar, with slight differences in each of the species. The females come to shore and bury their clutch of eggs on beaches or sandy environments typically at night and well away from the high tide line of the shore. Most females
401:
The habitat range of sea turtles, in general, is known to be far reaching into warmer temperatures and the tropical and subtropical areas of the
Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and is even also found in warmer seas such as the Mediterranean Sea. Within these temperamental biomes, sea turtles frequent
1679:
422:, fibrous tumor growths on their skin, mouths, and even internal organs. In some areas the number of infected turtles is over 70%. It is unknown what the effects of the growths will have in the long term for sea turtle populations.
950:
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Earth for at least the past 100 million years. They are also highly significant to multiple cultures and are also popular animals in tourism, which gives a higher importance to their conservation.
895:
1649:
Myers, T.S., Polcyn M.J., Mateus O., Vineyard D.P., Gonรงalves A.O., & Jacobs L.L. (2017). "A new durophagous stem cheloniid turtle from the lower
Paleocene of Cabinda, Angola."
1771:
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showing the phylogenetic relationships of living and extinct sea turtles in the family
Cheloniidae based on Lynch and Parham (2003) and Parham and Pyenson (2010).
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In addition to this, turtles face another threat which has been theorized as being linked to human pollution. A growing number of turtles have been found with
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that are characterised by their common traits such as, having a flat streamlined wide and rounded shell and almost paddle-like flippers for their
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1665:"A new genus and species of gigantic marine turtles (Chelonioidea: Cheloniidae) from the Maastrichtian of the Harrana Fauna-Jordan"
4867:
343:. They are the only sea turtles to have stronger front limbs than back limbs. The six species that make up this family are: the
1607:(2010). "New Sea Turtle from the Miocene of Peru and the Iterative Evolution of Feeding Ecomorphologies since the Cretaceous".
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Turtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated
Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status
2385:
turtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status
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1772:"Turtles of the world, 2011 update: Annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution and conservation status"
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Rhodin, Anders G.J.; van Dijk, Peter Paul; Inverson, John B.; Shaffer, H. Bradley; Roger, Bour (2011-12-31).
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and the flatback sea turtle does not have enough data to draw an accurate conclusion on conservation status.
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A green sea turtle, a species of the family
Cheloniidae, swimming over coral reefs in Kona, Hawaii
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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1455:"Information About Sea Turtles: Leatherback Sea Turtle โ Sea Turtle Conservancy"
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http://myfwc.com/research/wildlife/sea-turtles/threats/fibropapillomatosis/
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17:
1544:"Fibropapillomatosis" Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
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gen. et sp. nov., a new hard-shelled sea turtle (Cheloniidae
1575:) from the Miocene of California, including a new species (
1571:"The first report of hard-shelled sea turtles (Cheloniidae
1713:) from the Lower Palaeocene of Volgograd Province, Russia"
1509:"Sea Turtles- Cheloniidae Over View" Encyclopedia of Life
1703:
Danilov, I.G.; Averianov, A.O; Yarkov, A.A. (2010).
4609:
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2016:
1992:
1972:
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1431:"Cheloniidae - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"
1558:https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/sea-turtle
1475:https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/sea-turtle
1534:http://www.seeturtles.org/sea-turtles-threats/
406:Conservation status and significance to humans
4573:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on
2410:
2383:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on
1812:
1672:PalArch's Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology
1487:"Seaturtles (Cheloniidae) | Encyclopedia.com"
8:
375:In contrast to their earth-bound relatives,
1720:Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS
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1579:) with unusually plesiomorphic characters"
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1375:
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1371:
122:
31:
1521:"Green Sea Turtle" National Geographic
1367:
1389:
7:
4901:Taxa named by Nicolaus Michael Oppel
4834:5606a706-d184-4a77-8c45-8470fa5fa4e8
4746:b93e0c6b-27ea-4288-8c5b-b0d409d33198
1473:"Sea Turtle Species" World Wildlife
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832:
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266:
4911:Extant Paleocene first appearances
1569:Lynch, S.C.; Parham, J.F. (2003).
1511:http://eol.org/pages/8123/overview
25:
1556:"Sea Turtle" World Wildlife Fund
1532:"Sea Turtle Threats" See Turtles
1915:
1329:
949:
894:
140:
1732:10.31610/trudyzin/2010.314.1.24
1:
1779:Chelonian Research Monographs
4586:List of Testudines families
388:Reproduction and life cycle
4927:
1913:
4569:
2500:
2432:
2381:
2356:Tasbacka ouledabdounensis
1898:
1835:
1678:(1): 1โ14. Archived from
1338:This section needs to be
1033:
1007:
990:
983:
969:
942:
935:
909:
887:
880:
862:
855:
837:
830:
803:
796:
769:
751:
744:
737:
719:
701:
694:
676:
669:
653:
646:
628:
621:
603:
596:
590: (=Cheloniidae
281:
274:
264:
259:
243:
236:
137:Scientific classification
135:
130:
121:
34:
2208:Mexichelys coahuilaensis
2172:Kemp's ridley sea turtle
475:Kemp's ridley sea turtle
365:Kemp's ridley sea turtle
2372:Tasbacka salisburgensis
2276:Pacifichelys hutchisoni
2184:Lepidochelys waikatoica
2177:Olive ridley sea turtle
1651:Papers in Palaeontology
1609:Journal of Paleontology
485:Olive ridley sea turtle
353:olive ridley sea turtle
2151:Itilochelys rasstrigin
2007:Carolinochelys wilsoni
1963:Argillochelys africana
1707:Itilochelys rasstrigin
1663:H. F. Kaddumi (2006).
946:Eretmochelys imbricata
537:Eretmochelys imbricata
4855:Paleobiology Database
1984:Loggerhead sea turtle
1435:www.sciencedirect.com
1011:Lepidochelys olivacea
489:Lepidochelys olivacea
455:Loggerhead sea turtle
349:loggerhead sea turtle
35:Cheloniid sea turtles
4741:Fauna Europaea (new)
2340:Tasbacka aldabergeni
2308:Syllomus aegyptiacus
2284:Pacifichelys urbinai
2080:Hawksbill sea turtle
2059:Eochelone voltregana
2051:Eochelone brabantica
1939:Allopleuron hofmanni
1577:Euclastes hutchisoni
1491:www.encyclopedia.com
1411:Animal Diversity Web
533:Hawksbill sea turtle
357:hawksbill sea turtle
2253:Flatback sea turtle
2103:Gigantatypus salahi
1621:2010JPal...84..231P
1605:Nicholas D. Pyenson
994:Lepidochelys kempii
553:Flatback sea turtle
479:Lepidochelys kempii
420:fibropapillomatosis
397:Habitat and ecology
361:flatback sea turtle
332:of typically large
3694:Nanhsiungchelyidae
3659:Macrocephalochelys
2316:Syllomus crispatus
2127:Glarichelys knorri
826:sensu stricto
4883:
4882:
4842:Open Tree of Life
4603:Taxon identifiers
4594:
4593:
4565:
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4508:
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2879:
2798:
2797:
2519:
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2514:
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2510:
2392:
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2232:Miocaretta lankae
1911:
1910:
1629:10.1666/09-077R.1
1603:James F. Parham;
1392:, p. 000.172
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913:Natator depressus
785:
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559:) (previously in
557:Natator depressus
323:
322:
317:
311:
310:- Bonaparte, 1832
305:
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27:Family of turtles
16:(Redirected from
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4811:NHMSYS0000375238
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4029:Chupacabrachelys
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3392:Carettochelyidae
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2541:
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2480:
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2364:Tasbacka ruhoffi
2028:Green sea turtle
1919:
1918:
1896:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1798:
1793:
1791:
1785:. Archived from
1776:
1756:Skaphandrus.com
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513:Green sea turtle
345:green sea turtle
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53:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
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4906:Turtle families
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4477:Sahonachelyidae
4470:
4356:
4329:
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4125:Phosphatochelys
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3854:Terlinguachelys
3822:Pneumatoarthrus
3725:
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3574:
3422:
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3177:
3156:
3144:Siebenrockiella
3002:
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2730:Mesodermochelys
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2507:
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2428:
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2348:Tasbacka danica
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2132:
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2084:
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2012:
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1900:Species of the
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1520:
1516:
1508:
1504:
1495:
1493:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1468:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1439:
1437:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1415:
1413:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1388:
1369:
1364:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1334:
1330:
1153:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1112:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1037:Caretta caretta
1023:
925:
786:
592:sensu lato
574:
459:Caretta caretta
437:
432:
408:
399:
390:
373:
255:
249:
226:
139:
117:
115:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
48:
47:
40:Late Cretaceous
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4924:
4922:
4914:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4888:
4887:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4864:
4851:
4838:
4828:
4815:
4802:
4789:
4776:
4763:
4750:
4737:
4728:Fauna Europaea
4724:
4711:
4698:
4685:
4672:
4659:
4646:
4631:
4615:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4581:
4580:
4579:. โ = extinct.
4570:
4567:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4547:
4539:
4530:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4490:
4481:
4479:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4460:
4453:
4446:
4438:
4430:
4423:
4415:
4407:
4399:
4391:
4383:
4375:
4372:Albertwoodemys
4366:
4364:
4362:Podocnemididae
4358:
4357:
4355:
4354:
4347:
4339:
4337:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4319:
4312:
4305:
4298:
4290:
4283:
4276:
4269:
4262:
4259:Lomalatachelys
4254:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4226:
4219:
4212:
4204:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4184:
4176:
4168:
4160:
4152:
4144:
4136:
4128:
4120:
4112:
4109:Labrostochelys
4104:
4096:
4088:
4080:
4072:
4064:
4056:
4048:
4040:
4032:
4024:
4016:
4008:
4000:
3992:
3984:
3975:
3973:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3953:
3951:
3949:Araripemydidae
3941:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3908:
3900:
3892:
3884:
3876:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3849:
3841:
3833:
3825:
3817:
3809:
3801:
3793:
3785:
3777:
3769:
3761:
3753:
3745:
3736:
3734:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3715:
3707:
3698:
3696:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3677:
3669:
3662:
3654:
3651:Emarginachelys
3646:
3638:
3630:
3622:
3620:
3611:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3596:Sinaspideretes
3591:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3507:
3499:
3491:
3484:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3455:
3447:
3440:
3432:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3413:
3405:
3396:
3394:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3364:
3356:
3349:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3319:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3273:Hesperotestudo
3268:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3238:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3187:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3167:
3165:
3163:Platysternidae
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3020:
3012:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2899:
2897:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2845:
2837:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2817:
2815:
2813:Dermatemydidae
2806:
2804:Kinosternoidea
2800:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2784:
2776:
2773:Procolpochelys
2768:
2760:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2733:
2725:
2717:
2710:
2702:
2694:
2685:
2683:
2681:Dermochelyidae
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2665:
2657:
2649:
2642:
2634:
2626:
2619:
2611:
2603:
2595:
2588:
2580:
2573:
2570:Carolinochelys
2565:
2558:
2549:
2547:
2538:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2501:
2495:
2486:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2461:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2399:
2390:
2389:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2367:
2359:
2351:
2343:
2334:
2332:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2311:
2302:
2300:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2279:
2270:
2268:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2249:
2247:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2226:
2224:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2202:
2200:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2179:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2145:
2143:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2121:
2119:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2097:
2095:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2076:
2074:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2054:
2045:
2043:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2024:
2022:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2001:
1999:
1996:Carolinochelys
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1957:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1933:
1931:
1922:
1921:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1899:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1792:on 2012-01-31.
1765:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1752:
1751:External links
1749:
1746:
1745:
1695:
1655:
1642:
1615:(2): 231โ247.
1595:
1561:
1549:
1537:
1525:
1514:
1502:
1478:
1466:
1446:
1422:
1405:Pecor, Keith.
1394:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1337:
1335:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1314:
1306:
1298:
1290:
1282:
1279:Procolpochelys
1274:
1266:
1258:
1250:
1242:
1234:
1226:
1218:
1210:
1202:
1194:
1186:
1183:Carolinochelys
1178:
1170:
1162:
1152:
1151:Extinct genera
1149:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
989:
984:
982:
970:
968:
960:
959:
956:
955:
941:
936:
934:
931:
930:
927:
926:
922:
921:
918:
917:
908:
905:
904:
901:
900:
891:Chelonia mydas
886:
881:
879:
876:
875:
872:
871:
867:Procolpochelys
861:
856:
854:
851:
850:
847:
846:
836:
831:
829:
817:
816:
813:
812:
802:
797:
795:
792:
791:
788:
787:
783:
782:
779:
778:
768:
765:
764:
761:
760:
750:
745:
743:
738:
736:
733:
732:
729:
728:
718:
715:
714:
711:
710:
700:
695:
693:
690:
689:
686:
685:
675:
670:
668:
665:
664:
661:
660:
657:Lophochleyinae
652:
647:
645:
642:
641:
638:
637:
627:
622:
620:
617:
616:
613:
612:
602:
597:
595:
588:Pancheloniidae
582:
573:
570:
569:
568:
567:
566:
565:
564:
542:
541:
540:
522:
521:
520:
517:Chelonia mydas
496:
495:
494:
493:
492:
482:
464:
463:
462:
436:
433:
431:
430:Classification
428:
407:
404:
398:
395:
389:
386:
372:
369:
321:
320:
319:
318:
312:
306:
304:- Ritgen, 1828
300:
294:
288:
279:
278:
272:
271:
262:
261:
257:
256:
250:
241:
240:
234:
233:
221:
217:
216:
211:
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
133:
132:
128:
127:
119:
118:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
54:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4923:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4874:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4829:
4825:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4755:
4751:
4747:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4651:
4647:
4642:
4636:
4632:
4627:
4621:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4599:
4587:
4583:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4571:
4568:
4554:
4553:
4552:Tacuarembemys
4548:
4546:
4545:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4518:
4515:
4511:
4497:
4496:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4487:Sahonachelys
4483:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4473:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4450:Peltocephalus
4447:
4445:
4444:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4435:Lapparentemys
4431:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4406:
4405:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4359:
4353:
4352:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4335:Pelomedusidae
4332:
4326:
4325:
4324:Yaminuechelys
4320:
4318:
4317:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4295:Prochelidella
4291:
4289:
4288:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4246:
4245:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4209:Acanthochelys
4206:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4197:
4191:
4190:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4093:Kinkonychelys
4089:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4077:Itapecuruemys
4073:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4055:
4054:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4037:Eotaphrosphys
4033:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3971:Bothremydidae
3967:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3929:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3881:Argillochelys
3877:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3846:Santanachelys
3842:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3790:Desmatochelys
3786:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3774:Calcarichelys
3770:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3758:Atlantochelys
3754:
3752:
3751:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3732:Protostegidae
3728:
3722:
3721:
3720:Jiangxichelys
3716:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3704:Anomalochelys
3700:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3682:Protochelydra
3678:
3676:
3675:
3674:Planiplastron
3670:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3481:Drazinderetes
3477:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3417:Carettochelys
3414:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3301:Malacochersus
3298:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3192:Aldabrachelys
3189:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3074:Leucocephalon
3071:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3025:Banhxeochelys
3021:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2886:Testudinoidea
2883:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2833:Kinosternidae
2830:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2781:Protosphargis
2777:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2537:(Sea turtles)
2535:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2506:
2505:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2415:
2413:
2408:
2406:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1952:Argillochelys
1947:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1923:
1905:
1904:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1880:
1878:
1875:Superfamily:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1829:
1822:
1817:
1815:
1810:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1699:
1696:
1685:on 2012-02-24
1681:
1677:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1599:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1470:
1467:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1412:
1408:
1407:"Cheloniidae"
1401:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1353:
1341:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1215:Glyptochelone
1211:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1199:Erquelinnesia
1195:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1175:Cabindachelys
1171:
1169:
1168:
1167:Argillochelys
1163:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1142:
1134:
1133:
1125:
1124:
1116:
1115:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1097:
1089:
1088:
1080:
1079:
1071:
1070:
1062:
1061:
1053:
1052:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1005:
1004:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
995:
988:
987:
980:
979:
974:
973:
966:
962:
961:
958:
957:
954:
952:
948:
947:
940:
939:
933:
932:
929:
928:
920:
919:
916:
915:
914:
907:
906:
903:
902:
899:
897:
893:
892:
885:
884:
878:
877:
874:
873:
870:
869:
868:
860:
859:
853:
852:
849:
848:
845:
844:
843:
835:
834:
827:
823:
819:
818:
815:
814:
811:
810:
809:
801:
800:
794:
793:
790:
789:
781:
780:
777:
776:
775:
767:
766:
763:
762:
759:
758:
757:
756:Erquelinnesia
749:
748:
742:
741:
735:
734:
731:
730:
727:
726:
725:
717:
716:
713:
712:
709:
708:
707:
706:Argillochelys
699:
698:
692:
691:
688:
687:
684:
683:
682:
674:
673:
667:
666:
663:
662:
659:
658:
651:
650:
644:
643:
640:
639:
636:
635:
634:
626:
625:
619:
618:
615:
614:
611:
610:
609:
601:
600:
593:
589:
586:
585:
581:
579:
571:
562:
558:
554:
551:
550:
549:
548:
543:
538:
534:
531:
530:
529:
528:
523:
518:
514:
511:
510:
509:
508:
503:
502:
501:
497:
490:
486:
483:
480:
476:
473:
472:
471:
470:
465:
460:
456:
453:
452:
451:
450:
445:
444:
443:
439:
438:
435:Extant genera
434:
429:
427:
423:
421:
416:
412:
405:
403:
396:
394:
387:
385:
382:
378:
370:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
335:
331:
327:
313:
307:
301:
295:
289:
286:- Oppel, 1811
283:
282:
280:
277:
273:
270:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
247:
242:
239:
235:
230:
225:
222:
219:
218:
215:
212:
210:Superfamily:
209:
208:
205:
202:
199:
198:
195:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
143:
138:
134:
129:
125:
120:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
52:
45:
41:
33:
30:
19:
4610:
4575:
4550:
4542:
4534:
4493:
4485:
4463:
4455:
4448:
4441:
4433:
4427:Erymnochelys
4425:
4418:
4412:Cerrejonemys
4410:
4402:
4394:
4388:Brontochelys
4386:
4378:
4370:
4349:
4342:
4322:
4314:
4307:
4302:Pseudemydura
4300:
4293:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4264:
4257:
4249:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4214:
4207:
4187:
4179:
4171:
4163:
4155:
4147:
4139:
4131:
4123:
4115:
4107:
4099:
4091:
4083:
4075:
4067:
4059:
4051:
4043:
4035:
4027:
4019:
4011:
4003:
3995:
3987:
3979:
3957:
3911:
3905:Prionochelys
3903:
3895:
3887:
3879:
3871:
3852:
3844:
3836:
3828:
3820:
3812:
3804:
3796:
3788:
3782:Cratochelone
3780:
3772:
3766:Bouliachelys
3764:
3756:
3748:
3742:Alienochelys
3740:
3718:
3710:
3702:
3680:
3672:
3664:
3657:
3649:
3643:Chelydropsis
3641:
3633:
3625:
3594:
3588:Basilochelys
3586:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3512:Khunnuchelys
3510:
3502:
3494:
3486:
3479:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3442:
3435:
3428:Trionychidae
3415:
3408:
3402:Allaeochelys
3400:
3366:
3359:
3353:Stigmochelys
3351:
3344:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3316:Megalochelys
3314:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3263:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3233:
3227:Cylindraspis
3225:
3218:
3211:
3206:Centrochelys
3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:Testudinidae
3172:Platysternon
3170:
3151:Vijayachelys
3149:
3142:
3135:
3130:Rhinoclemmys
3128:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3095:Melanochelys
3093:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3015:
2995:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2905:Acherontemys
2903:
2871:Sternotherus
2869:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2840:
2820:
2787:
2779:
2771:
2763:
2755:
2738:Psephophorus
2736:
2728:
2720:
2712:
2705:
2697:
2689:
2668:
2660:
2654:Pacifichelys
2652:
2644:
2637:
2629:
2623:Lepidochelys
2621:
2614:
2606:
2600:Gigantatypus
2598:
2592:Eretmochelys
2590:
2583:
2575:
2568:
2560:
2553:
2544:
2534:Chelonioidea
2502:
2454:
2387:. โ =Extinct.
2370:
2362:
2354:
2346:
2338:
2327:
2314:
2306:
2295:
2282:
2274:
2265:Pacifichelys
2263:
2242:
2230:
2218:
2206:
2194:
2182:
2163:Lepidochelys
2161:
2149:
2138:
2125:
2114:
2101:
2092:Gigantatypus
2090:
2071:Eretmochelys
2069:
2057:
2049:
2038:
2017:
2005:
1994:
1973:
1961:
1950:
1937:
1926:
1902:
1901:
1882:
1827:
1787:the original
1782:
1778:
1764:Bibliography
1726:(1): 24โ41.
1723:
1719:
1710:
1706:
1698:
1687:. Retrieved
1680:the original
1675:
1671:
1658:
1650:
1645:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1589:
1585:
1576:
1572:
1564:
1552:
1540:
1528:
1517:
1505:
1494:. Retrieved
1490:
1481:
1469:
1458:. Retrieved
1449:
1438:. Retrieved
1434:
1425:
1414:. Retrieved
1410:
1350:October 2019
1347:
1339:
1317:
1309:
1301:
1293:
1285:
1277:
1271:Prionochelys
1269:
1263:Porthochelys
1261:
1253:
1245:
1237:
1229:
1221:
1213:
1207:Gigantatypus
1205:
1197:
1189:
1181:
1173:
1165:
1157:
1035:
1034:
1009:
1008:
992:
991:
978:Lepidochelys
976:
944:
943:
911:
910:
889:
888:
865:
863:
840:
838:
825:
821:
806:
804:
774:Pacifichelys
772:
770:
754:
752:
722:
720:
704:
702:
679:
677:
654:
631:
629:
606:
604:
591:
575:
560:
556:
545:
536:
527:Eretmochelys
525:
516:
505:
488:
478:
469:Lepidochelys
467:
458:
447:
424:
417:
413:
409:
400:
391:
374:
325:
324:
316:- Cope, 1868
314:Cheloniidae
298:- Gray, 1825
292:- Gray, 1825
290:Cheloniadae
265:
244:
223:
214:Chelonioidea
29:
4896:Cheloniidae
4767:iNaturalist
4668:Cheloniidae
4655:Cheloniidae
4641:Cheloniidae
4635:Wikispecies
4611:Cheloniidae
4465:Stupendemys
4420:Cordichelys
4266:Mesoclemmys
4251:Hydromedusa
4173:Taphrosphys
4165:Sankuchemys
4157:Rhothonemys
4133:Polysternon
4013:Cearachelys
3997:Azabbaremys
3981:Araiochelys
3897:Ctenochelys
3889:Bashuchelys
3838:Rhinochelys
3814:Ocepechelon
3806:Notochelone
3798:Iserosaurus
3666:Macrochelys
3618:Chelydridae
3541:Palaeoamyda
3466:Cyclanorbis
3331:Psammobates
3324:Oligopherus
3287:Indotestudo
3235:Cymatholcus
3213:Chelonoidis
3199:Astrochelys
3008:Geoemydidae
2926:Deirochelys
2864:Staurotypus
2857:Kinosternon
2850:Hoplochelys
2765:Peritresius
2714:Dermochelys
2707:Cosmochelys
2699:Corsochelys
2616:Itilochelys
2608:Glarichelys
2555:Allopleuron
2545:Cheloniidae
2484:Superfamily
2140:Itilochelys
2116:Glarichelys
1928:Allopleuron
1903:Cheloniidae
1883:Cheloniidae
1877:Sea turtles
1828:Cheloniidae
1758:Cheloniidae
1592:(3): 21โ35.
1390:Rhodin 2011
1311:Thinochelys
1255:Peritresius
1223:Itilochelys
1159:Allopleuron
822:Cheloniidae
576:Below is a
500:Cheloniinae
381:sea turtles
326:Cheloniidae
308:Chelonidae
296:Carettidae
224:Cheloniidae
4890:Categories
4544:Caririemys
4457:Podocnemis
4443:Latentemys
4404:Carbonemys
4344:Pelomedusa
4181:Ummulisani
4101:Kurmademys
4069:Inaechelys
4053:Galianemys
4021:Chedighaii
3959:Araripemys
3932:Pleurodira
3913:Toxochelys
3830:Protostega
3635:Chelydrops
3555:Pelodiscus
3548:Pelochelys
3496:Gilmoremys
3473:Cycloderma
3383:Trionychia
3250:Geochelone
3243:Floridemys
3109:Notochelys
2997:Wilburemys
2968:Malaclemys
2822:Dermatemys
2789:Puppigerus
2722:Eosphargis
2639:Miocaretta
2631:Mexichelys
2525:Cryptodira
2465:Testudines
2426:Testudines
2221:Miocaretta
2197:Mexichelys
1871:Cryptodira
1869:Suborder:
1865:Testudines
1857:Subclass:
1711:sensu lato
1689:2010-02-04
1573:sensu lato
1496:2024-02-01
1460:2024-02-01
1440:2022-10-29
1416:2022-10-29
1362:References
1319:Miocaretta
1287:Retechelys
1239:Osteopygis
1191:Catapleura
808:Puppigerus
633:Mexichelys
608:Toxochelys
498:Subfamily
442:Carettinae
440:Subfamily
371:Morphology
252:Brongniart
238:Type genus
204:Cryptodira
200:Suborder:
194:Testudines
49:72โ0
4584:See also
4536:Caribemys
4396:Caninemys
4380:Bauruemys
4309:Rheodytes
4273:Myuchelys
4216:Chelodina
4141:Puentemys
4117:Nigeremys
4061:Ilatardia
4005:Bothremys
3712:Basilemys
3526:Nilssonia
3504:Hutchemys
3452:Axestemys
3410:Anosteira
3265:Hadrianus
3123:Pangshura
3081:Malayemys
3046:Geoclemys
2989:Trachemys
2982:Terrapene
2975:Pseudemys
2961:Graptemys
2954:Glyptemys
2947:Emydoidea
2940:Actinemys
2912:Chrysemys
2757:Euclastes
2585:Eochelone
2436:Kingdom:
2040:Eochelone
1839:Kingdom:
1740:250006012
1586:PaleoBios
1247:Pampaemys
965:Carettini
724:Eochelone
681:Euclastes
578:cladogram
572:Cladogram
377:tortoises
341:forelimbs
284:Chelonii
160:Kingdom:
154:Eukaryota
18:Cheloniid
4620:Wikidata
4351:Pelusios
4316:Rhinemys
4287:Platemys
4280:Phrynops
4200:Chelidae
4189:Zolhafah
4085:Jainemys
3750:Archelon
3627:Chelydra
3519:Lissemys
3361:Stylemys
3346:Solitudo
3308:Manouria
3257:Gopherus
3220:Chersina
3088:Mauremys
3067:Heosemys
3060:Hardella
3053:Geoemyda
3039:Cyclemys
2895:Emydidae
2842:Claudius
2691:Arabemys
2670:Tasbacka
2662:Syllomus
2577:Chelonia
2475:Suborder
2459:Diapsida
2450:Reptilia
2444:Chordata
2442:Phylum:
2438:Animalia
2329:Tasbacka
2297:Syllomus
2019:Chelonia
1881:Family:
1859:Anapsida
1853:Reptilia
1847:Chordata
1845:Phylum:
1841:Animalia
1637:62811400
1303:Tasbacka
1295:Syllomus
1231:Lytoloma
842:Syllomus
828:)
594:)
561:Chelonia
507:Chelonia
363:and the
276:Synonyms
267:See text
246:Chelonia
220:Family:
184:Reptilia
174:Chordata
170:Phylum:
164:Animalia
150:Domain:
44:Holocene
4495:Sokatra
4244:Emydura
4149:Rosasia
4045:Foxemys
3989:Arenila
3569:Trionyx
3562:Rafetus
3488:Dogania
3444:Apalone
3368:Testudo
3294:Kinixys
3280:Homopus
3137:Sacalia
3116:Orlitia
3102:Morenia
3017:Batagur
2919:Clemmys
2646:Natator
2562:Caretta
2463:Order:
2448:Class:
2244:Natator
1975:Caretta
1863:Order:
1851:Class:
1617:Bibcode
1340:updated
1316:Genus โ
1308:Genus โ
1300:Genus โ
1292:Genus โ
1284:Genus โ
1276:Genus โ
1268:Genus โ
1260:Genus โ
1252:Genus โ
1244:Genus โ
1236:Genus โ
1228:Genus โ
1220:Genus โ
1212:Genus โ
1204:Genus โ
1196:Genus โ
1188:Genus โ
1180:Genus โ
1172:Genus โ
1164:Genus โ
1156:Genus โ
981:
967:
824: (
547:Natator
449:Caretta
337:turtles
260:Genera
190:Order:
180:Class:
4873:136999
4831:NZOR:
4798:173828
4785:115298
4720:1CHELF
4626:Q30143
4527:
4520:
4513:
4237:Elusor
4230:Elseya
4223:Chelus
3940:
3873:Adocus
3864:
3610:
3579:
3459:Chitra
3161:
2748:
2493:Family
1906:family
1892:Genera
1830:family
1738:
1635:
975:
963:
820:
544:Genus
524:Genus
504:Genus
466:Genus
446:Genus
334:marine
330:family
302:Mydae
254:, 1800
231:, 1811
4868:WoRMS
4860:37695
4847:66469
4780:IRMNG
4772:39657
4733:15555
3533:Palea
3437:Amyda
3338:Pyxis
3032:Cuora
2504:Genus
2455:Clade
1790:(PDF)
1775:(PDF)
1736:S2CID
1716:(PDF)
1683:(PDF)
1668:(PDF)
1653:1-16.
1633:S2CID
1582:(PDF)
328:is a
229:Oppel
4824:8465
4819:NCBI
4793:ITIS
4759:9413
4754:GBIF
4715:EPPO
4707:8123
4681:1116
4676:BOLD
2933:Emys
57:Pre๊
4806:NBN
4702:EoL
4694:83J
4689:CoL
4663:AFD
4650:ADW
1728:doi
1724:314
1625:doi
4892::
4870::
4857::
4844::
4821::
4808::
4795::
4782::
4769::
4756::
4743::
4730::
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4704::
4691::
4678::
4665::
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4637::
4622::
2457::
1781:.
1777:.
1734:.
1722:.
1718:.
1674:.
1670:.
1631:.
1623:.
1613:84
1611:.
1590:23
1588:.
1584:.
1489:.
1433:.
1409:.
1397:^
1370:^
379:,
367:.
359:,
355:,
351:,
347:,
269:.
107:Pg
51:Ma
46:,
4549:โ
4541:โ
4533:โ
4492:โ
4484:โ
4475:โ
4462:โ
4440:โ
4432:โ
4417:โ
4409:โ
4401:โ
4393:โ
4385:โ
4377:โ
4369:โ
4321:โ
4292:โ
4256:โ
4186:โ
4178:โ
4170:โ
4162:โ
4154:โ
4146:โ
4138:โ
4130:โ
4122:โ
4114:โ
4106:โ
4098:โ
4090:โ
4082:โ
4074:โ
4066:โ
4058:โ
4050:โ
4042:โ
4034:โ
4026:โ
4018:โ
4010:โ
4002:โ
3994:โ
3986:โ
3978:โ
3969:โ
3956:โ
3947:โ
3910:โ
3902:โ
3894:โ
3886:โ
3878:โ
3870:โ
3851:โ
3843:โ
3835:โ
3827:โ
3819:โ
3811:โ
3803:โ
3795:โ
3787:โ
3779:โ
3771:โ
3763:โ
3755:โ
3747:โ
3739:โ
3730:โ
3717:โ
3709:โ
3701:โ
3692:โ
3679:โ
3671:โ
3656:โ
3648:โ
3640:โ
3632:โ
3593:โ
3585:โ
3538:โ
3509:โ
3501:โ
3493:โ
3478:โ
3449:โ
3407:โ
3399:โ
3358:โ
3343:โ
3321:โ
3313:โ
3270:โ
3262:โ
3240:โ
3232:โ
3022:โ
2994:โ
2902:โ
2847:โ
2786:โ
2778:โ
2770:โ
2762:โ
2754:โ
2735:โ
2727:โ
2719:โ
2704:โ
2696:โ
2688:โ
2667:โ
2659:โ
2651:โ
2636:โ
2628:โ
2613:โ
2605:โ
2597:โ
2582:โ
2567:โ
2552:โ
2418:e
2411:t
2404:v
2369:โ
2361:โ
2353:โ
2345:โ
2337:โ
2326:โ
2313:โ
2305:โ
2294:โ
2281:โ
2273:โ
2262:โ
2229:โ
2219:โ
2205:โ
2195:โ
2181:โ
2148:โ
2137:โ
2124:โ
2113:โ
2100:โ
2089:โ
2056:โ
2048:โ
2037:โ
2004:โ
1993:โ
1960:โ
1949:โ
1936:โ
1925:โ
1820:e
1813:t
1806:v
1783:5
1742:.
1730::
1705:"
1692:.
1676:3
1639:.
1627::
1619::
1499:.
1463:.
1443:.
1419:.
1352:)
1348:(
1342:.
864:โ
839:โ
805:โ
771:โ
753:โ
721:โ
703:โ
678:โ
655:โ
630:โ
605:โ
563:)
555:(
539:)
535:(
519:)
515:(
491:)
487:(
481:)
477:(
461:)
457:(
112:N
102:K
97:J
92:T
87:P
82:C
77:D
72:S
67:O
62:๊
42:-
20:)
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