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17:
175:
233:
priest would perform a ritual to cleanse the house and the hearth soon after death. He would then kindle a new fire and place his medicine pot filled with water on it. In the pot, he would boil a tea and give it to the family, who would purify themselves by drinking it and washing themselves in it. The priest would also smoke inside the home and burn a fire with
208:, and in purifying rituals after death. During the seven day mourning period, family members of the deceased were to remain solemn, never angering or creating tension, and only consumed simple and light food and drink. The intensity of the expression of grief was determined by the circumstances of the death.
232:
When an individual died, their surviving family and everything in their home was considered unclean. Personal belongings that were not buried with the deceased were often burned at the grave site. Fire is sacred to the
Cherokee and after a death, it is used to purify the uncleanliness that remains. A
51:
In some communities, when a father knew he would soon die he called for his children to gather around him and then gave them advice and knowledge to keep with them for the rest of their lives. When the father was about to die, the children would leave and only adult family members and a priest would
165:
in the home, or outside near the home. In other communities, it was more common for individuals to be buried outside. In these cases, a male relative would help the priest move the body to where it would be interred (buried). The
Cherokee commonly believed that if an individual died before sunrise,
156:
figure, a powerful warrior who aided humans in warfare and hunting. These masks, along with other grave goods, are usually placed near the individual's head. Food and water was often also buried with the body so as to provide the spirit with nourishment and energy during their journey to the spirit
113:
that preceded the
Cherokee, when a chief died individuals who were close to him were killed and buried with him, including his wives and some of his servants. The purpose of this practice was to sever all of the chief's ties to the physical world on earth so that he may freely enter the spirit
147:
found items including pottery, metal and bone ornaments, shells, and ceramics. Hairpins, beads, and pendants have also been found in graves. In some regions, shell masks have been found in many graves, mainly in those of men. These masks do not appear to have been worn during life and were likely
223:
While the women mourned at the grave on the last two days of the mourning period, the Chief Priest sent hunters to bring meat which the family, assisted by relatives and community members, would prepare for a community feast on the seventh night of mourning. In some communities, this feast would
160:
Each community had a priest who was responsible for burying the dead. Soon after death, the priest would come to the home of the deceased, where most deaths occurred. In some communities, it was most common for individuals to be buried under the floor in their home where they had died, under the
127:
system, these customs of sacrifice became obsolete. Priests and spiritual advisors were honoured at their burial by the sacrifice of their slaves, who were impaled and situated in a circle around the priests' graves. This ensured the slaves would continue to watch over and care for the priest in
58:
were largely responsible for healing and medicine, so they tended to the sick before death and were deeply involved in the dying process. In addition to their healing abilities, shamans had deep knowledge of death and life which was believed to help them prevent death, aid individuals in their
246:
In the present day, many traditional
Cherokee funeral traditions persist. Cherokee communities often continue to hold community feasts where they grieve and celebrate the life they have lost; to practice vigil prayers to help the deceased's spirit find its way to the spirit world; and to bury
203:
The
Cherokee traditionally observed a seven day period of mourning. Seven is a spiritually significant number to the Cherokee as it is believed to represent the highest degree of purity and sacredness. The number seven can be seen repeatedly across Cherokee culture, including in the number of
237:
boughs and purifying weeds. Lastly, he would take the unclean family members to a river or creek, where they would enter the water, turn between facing east and west, and immerse themselves seven times. After leaving the water, they would put on new clothes and return to their home clean.
215:
On the morning of the fifth day of mourning, family members gathered around the priest who took a bird that had been killed by an arrow, plucked some feathers from it, and cut a small piece of meat from its right breast. He would then pray and throw the meat into fire.
52:
stay with him. In another tradition, if an individual knew they were near death they would walk as far away from the village as possible, lie down, and die. If they were later found by another community member, that individual would cover the body with rocks.
211:
On the first night after the death, the family was invited to the town council house where they were greeted and consoled by other community members. Then, the family would either return home or stay while the community performed a solemn dance.
105:
Historically, bodies were predominantly buried in the ground. Another, less common
Cherokee practice was to lay the dead in caves. Burial practices varied depending on location, time, and the status of the deceased individual.
190:
Bodies that were buried outside were covered with rocks and dirt, and then later covered by other dead bodies, which would also be covered with rocks, dirt, and other bodies. These piles of bodies would eventually form large
118:
settings, some members of a man's immediate family would be sacrificed and buried with him. As the distribution of power between men and women became more equal and
Cherokee social and power structures shifted towards a
195:. New burial mounds were started when a priest died. In some instances bodies were placed on an elevated, exposed surface and then covered with stones, creating stone heaps that were at least four to five feet high.
219:
On the final two days of mourning, family members and other mourners spent their morning at the water immersing themselves and then went to the grave site where the women would cry and wail to express their grief.
84:
root, both of which were considered purifying substances. In communities where bodies were not buried nude, the body was dressed in “dead clothes,” which were prepared in early adulthood and stored until burial.
1033:
80:
Bodies were prepared for burial immediately after death. A close relative of the deceased would close the eyelids and clean the body with either water, or a wash made by boiling
1420:
135:, possibly due to the belief that one should rest in death in the earth as they once rested within their mother. Most Cherokee were buried with items of personal importance.
1080:
2007:
549:
266:. These funerals usually do not contain elements of traditional Cherokee funeral practices; however, in many cases they are held in both English and
1115:
585:
247:
individuals with valued personal belongings. Some traditions are still culturally important to
Cherokee communities, but are limited by laws of the
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270:. Additionally, it is common in Christian Cherokee communities for burial to happen on the deceased's homestead instead of at a
93:
1110:
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happen before burial and the body would be laid out. The food that is buried with the body comes from this feast.
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The
Cherokee mostly used shallow graves that were not much larger than the body. Bodies were often laid in the
1400:
1415:
1385:
1212:
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they should be buried before sundown, and if they died before sundown, they should be buried before sunrise.
2012:
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transition to death, and protect the dying person from dangerous spiritual figures and magic such as the
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970:
955:
944:
828:
811:
758:
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652:
642:
565:
462:
392:
310:
The
Cherokee People: The Story of the Cherokees from Earliest Origins to Contemporary Times
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2017:
2002:
1942:
1917:
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1495:
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it is not legal for spiritual advisors to remain with the body from death until burial.
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21:
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1957:
1932:
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1907:
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1257:
742:
2177:
2112:
1997:
1992:
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732:
681:
60:
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2097:
1987:
1937:
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of a deceased person which were, and partially continue to be, practiced by the
450:
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1822:
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eyes and thunderbolts indicate these masks may be spiritually related to the
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would be held starting just before death and continuing until the burial.
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comprise a broad set of ceremonies and traditions centred around the
396:
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92:
64:
362:
Totem: The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology
148:
made specifically to be buried with the individual. Markings of
498:
451:"Native cemeteries and forms of burial east of the Mississippi"
487:. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. pp. 120–183.
2192:
494:
109:
In early Cherokee culture, following the tradition of the
2029:
United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians (1939–present)
312:. Tulsa, Oklahoma: Council Oak Books. pp. 76–78.
418:
Smith, Marvin T.; Smith, Julie Barnes (Summer 1989).
258:
A large percentage of Cherokee individuals today are
1727:
1506:
1188:
1093:
991:
751:
695:
558:
532:
1929:Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory (1839–1907)
1889:Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (1824-present)
28:containing a skeleton and three pottery vessels.
381:"Cherokee Healing: Myth, Dreams, and Medicine"
97:A Mississippian-style shell mask found at the
510:
8:
517:
503:
495:
469:– via Smithsonian Research Online.
173:
15:
420:"Engraved Shell Masks in North America"
283:
358:"The Death System in Tsalagi Culture"
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1531:First Cherokee Female Seminary Site
626:Cherokee Supplement (Unicode block)
1180:Sequoyah Constitutional Convention
14:
2193:Cherokee-language Knowledge (XXG)
1849:Cherokee Nation West (1810-1839)
1814:Cherokee Nation East (1794-1839)
1004:Cherokee Preservation Foundation
1984:Cherokee Nation (1975–present)
1684:Hiwassee River Heritage Center
1611:Chief Vann House Historic Site
1521:Cherokee Removal Memorial Park
1:
1621:Museum of the Cherokee People
449:Bushnell, David Ives (1920).
2233:Native American Christianity
1709:Five Civilized Tribes Museum
1586:Red Clay State Historic Park
1198:Cherokee Towns (pre-Removal)
455:Bureau of American Ethnology
356:Burley-Jones, Tracy (2002).
2013:Chadwick "Corntassel" Smith
1034:Cherokee Southwest Township
1019:Keetoowah Nighthawk Society
951:Cherokee Nation (1794–1907)
868:1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles
687:Flag of the Cherokee Nation
264:Christian funeral practices
2249:
1154:Cherokee Nation v. Leavitt
1129:Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
1039:Oconaluftee Indian Village
1014:Original Keetoowah Society
379:Irwin, Lee (Spring 1992).
111:Mississippian civilization
2188:
1566:Trail of Tears State Park
1516:Cherokee National Capitol
922:Jackson and McMinn Treaty
897:Treaty of Dewitt's Corner
631:Cherokee Immersion School
385:American Indian Quarterly
308:Mails, Thomas E. (1992).
178:Cherokee burial mound in
63:. In some communities, a
2218:Death customs by culture
1699:Fort Smith Historic Site
1467:Western Cherokee Nation
1066:Cherokee Central Schools
851:Battle of Lindley's Fort
621:Cherokee (Unicode block)
485:The Southeastern Indians
483:Hudson, Charles (1976).
424:Southeastern Archaeology
20:Cherokee grave found on
2058:Tahlonteeskee (warrior)
2044:Other notable Cherokee
978:Jacob Brown Grant Deeds
251:; for example, in many
1978:William Charles Rogers
1898:William Holland Thomas
1674:The Great Trading Path
841:Cherokee–American wars
187:
102:
33:Cherokee funeral rites
29:
1704:Port Royal State Park
929:Transylvania Purchase
902:Treaty of Hard Labour
824:Siege of Fort Loudoun
550:United Keetoowah Band
177:
96:
19:
1968:Samuel Houston Mayes
1145:The Cherokee Tobacco
1137:Worcester v. Georgia
1121:freedmen controversy
1081:Sequoyah High School
1071:Cherokee High School
934:Chickamauga Cherokee
892:Treaty of Turkeytown
882:Treaty of New Echota
858:Nickajack Expedition
836:Cherokee War of 1776
228:Purification rituals
1576:Rattlesnake Springs
1161:Cherokee Commission
846:Battle of Hightower
733:Kâ'lanû Ahkyeli'skï
636:New Kituwah Academy
601:Green Corn Ceremony
199:Rituals after death
139:of burial sites at
47:Preparing for death
1768:Outacite of Keowee
1679:The Great War Path
1654:Oconaluftee valley
1639:Stick Ball Grounds
1561:Tellico Blockhouse
966:Indian Removal Act
912:Treaty of Hopewell
907:Treaty of Lochaber
863:American Civil War
819:Anglo-Cherokee War
703:Ani Hyuntikwalaski
438:– via JSTOR.
407:– via JSTOR.
268:Cherokee languages
188:
141:Garden Creek Mound
103:
30:
2200:
2199:
2153:Clement V. Rogers
2023:Chuck Hoskin, Jr.
1973:Thomas Buffington
1738:Moytoy of Tellico
1659:Oconaluftee River
1591:Hair Conrad Cabin
1526:Chieftains Museum
1077:Sequoyah Schools
939:Overhill Cherokee
917:Treaty of Holston
887:Treaty of Tellico
877:Cherokee treaties
648:Spiritual beliefs
2240:
2213:Cherokee culture
2123:Markwayne Mullin
1953:Dennis Bushyhead
1833:Charles R. Hicks
1758:Moytoy of Citico
1649:Tuckasegee River
1571:Brainerd Mission
1556:Sequoyah's Cabin
1463:Cherokee Nations
1101:Principal Chiefs
1094:Politics and law
1045:Unto These Hills
1009:Warriors Society
971:Cherokee descent
945:Cherokee Phoenix
829:Battle of Echoee
812:Battle of Taliwa
791:skiagusta (rank)
718:Moon-eyed people
653:Moon-eyed people
571:National holiday
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512:
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242:Modern practices
76:Body preparation
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2196:
2184:
2173:Kimberly Teehee
2033:James L. Gordon
2018:Bill John Baker
2003:Wilma Mankiller
1943:William P. Ross
1918:Patrick Lambert
1763:Standing Turkey
1723:
1669:Sycamore Shoals
1644:Cullasaja River
1596:Nancy Ward Tomb
1546:John Ross House
1508:
1502:
1496:Qualla Boundary
1471:Cherokee Nation
1273:Hiwassee Island
1203:Amoyeligunahita
1190:
1184:
1089:
1056:Female Seminary
1029:Heritage groups
999:Heritage Center
987:
983:Texas Cherokees
796:outacite (rank)
747:
691:
554:
540:Cherokee Nation
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397:10.2307/1185431
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89:Burial elements
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2168:Hastings Shade
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2163:Durbin Feeling
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2143:Jenny McIntosh
2140:
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2128:Yvette Herrell
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2108:Nunnahitsunega
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2063:Turtle-at-Home
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1963:Johnson Harris
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1793:Dragging Canoe
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1743:Attakullakulla
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1734:Early leaders
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1551:Ross's Landing
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1536:Judaculla Rock
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1509:memorial sites
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1376:Spike Bucktown
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1166:Cherokee Strip
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961:Trail of Tears
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801:Raven of Chota
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713:Horned Serpent
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391:(2): 237–257.
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262:and engage in
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145:North Carolina
133:fetal position
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22:Bussell Island
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2224:
2223:Death customs
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2195:
2194:
2187:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2158:Redbird Smith
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2148:Sam Sixkiller
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1958:Joel B. Mayes
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1933:Lewis Downing
1931:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1923:Richard Sneed
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1908:Gerard Parker
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1863:Tahlonteeskee
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1838:William Hicks
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1788:Little Turkey
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1719:Cherokee Path
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
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1677:
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1569:
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1564:
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1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1507:Landmarks and
1505:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1487:Eastern Band
1486:
1482:
1481:Tahlonteeskee
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1451:Running Water
1449:
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1082:
1079:
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1072:
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1067:
1064:
1062:
1061:Male Seminary
1059:
1057:
1054:
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1047:
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1037:
1035:
1032:
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1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
994:
992:Organizations
990:
984:
981:
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976:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
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958:
957:
954:
952:
949:
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946:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
923:
920:
918:
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908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
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878:
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869:
866:
865:
864:
861:
859:
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842:
839:
837:
834:
830:
827:
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822:
821:
820:
817:
813:
810:
809:
807:
806:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
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782:
779:
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770:
767:
765:
762:
761:
760:
757:
756:
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741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
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714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
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700:
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694:
688:
685:
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654:
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637:
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629:
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622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
608:
607:
604:
602:
599:
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594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
563:
561:
557:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
537:
535:
531:
527:
520:
515:
513:
508:
506:
501:
500:
497:
486:
479:
477:
473:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
445:
442:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
414:
411:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
375:
372:
367:
363:
359:
352:
350:
348:
346:
344:
342:
340:
338:
336:
334:
332:
330:
326:
321:
319:0-933031-45-9
315:
311:
304:
302:
300:
298:
296:
294:
292:
290:
288:
284:
277:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
256:
254:
250:
249:settler state
241:
239:
236:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
207:
198:
196:
194:
193:burial mounds
185:
181:
176:
170:Burial mounds
169:
167:
164:
158:
155:
151:
146:
142:
138:
134:
129:
126:
122:
117:
112:
107:
100:
95:
88:
86:
83:
75:
70:
68:
66:
62:
57:
53:
46:
44:
42:
38:
34:
27:
23:
18:
2190:
2178:Shawna Baker
2113:Ned Christie
2038:John W. Hair
1998:Ross Swimmer
1993:W. W. Keeler
1748:Amouskositte
1694:Tuckaleechee
1664:Abrams Creek
1626:Untokiasdiyi
1601:Blythe Ferry
1152:
1143:
1135:
1127:
1043:
943:
808:Tribal Wars
682:Booger dance
545:Eastern Band
484:
458:
454:
444:
427:
423:
413:
388:
384:
374:
365:
361:
309:
257:
245:
231:
222:
218:
214:
210:
202:
189:
159:
130:
108:
104:
79:
61:Raven Mocker
54:
50:
32:
31:
2138:Major Ridge
2118:John Martin
2098:Joseph Vann
1988:J. B. Milam
1913:Joyce Dugan
1883:John Rogers
1878:John Looney
1873:Sam Houston
1803:Incalatanga
1616:Mantle Rock
1541:Long Island
1278:Island town
1116:1842 revolt
1024:Youth Choir
723:Nun'Yunu'Wi
677:Stomp dance
665:Black drink
660:Ethnobotany
467:10088/15538
430:(1): 9–18.
368:(1): 20–26.
253:U.S. states
154:Thunderbird
137:Excavations
125:matriarchal
121:matrilineal
116:patriarchal
99:Nodena site
2207:Categories
2191:See also:
2093:David Vann
2088:James Vann
2083:Wauhatchie
2073:Goingsnake
2048:Nancy Ward
1868:John Jolly
1823:Pathkiller
1783:Old Tassel
1773:Oconostota
1441:Turtletown
1436:Turkeytown
1426:Tuckasegee
1361:Oostanaula
1308:Long Swamp
1303:Kulsetsiyi
1052:Education
786:Ani-kutani
743:Tsul 'Kalu
708:Deer Woman
278:References
260:Christians
114:world. In
43:peoples.
2103:Bob Benge
2068:Junaluska
1903:Tsaladihi
1893:Yonaguska
1843:John Ross
1828:Big Tiger
1808:Tagwadihi
1798:Kunokeski
1778:Savanukah
1714:Tlanusiyi
1581:Fort Cass
1476:Tahlequah
1456:Titsohili
1421:Tsatanugi
1336:Nickajack
1323:Nantahala
1318:Nacoochee
1248:Dirt town
1228:Conasauga
1218:Chilhowee
1208:Brasstown
1189:Towns and
1171:in Kansas
1106:Blood Law
738:U'tlun'ta
616:syllabary
461:: 1–160.
184:Tennessee
180:Knoxville
123:and more
26:Tennessee
2008:Joe Byrd
1948:Utselata
1938:Degataga
1858:Degadoga
1853:The Bowl
1631:Standing
1491:Cherokee
1446:Tuskegee
1406:Tomotley
1401:Tomassee
1366:Red Clay
1313:Mialoquo
1268:Hiwassee
1263:Frogtown
1253:Ducktown
1243:Crowtown
1191:villages
776:Treaties
769:military
764:timeline
728:Nûñnë'hï
606:Language
576:Calendar
526:Cherokee
436:40712894
272:cemetery
41:Cherokee
2228:Burials
2133:Sequoya
1753:Old Hop
1689:Chatata
1431:Tugaloo
1416:Toxoway
1396:Tellico
1386:Talulah
1371:Settico
1346:Nununyi
1341:Nikwasi
1283:Isunigu
1238:Coyotee
1213:Chatuga
1111:Slavery
956:Removal
759:History
752:History
696:Legends
670:Kanuchi
643:Marbles
611:history
566:Society
559:Culture
405:1185431
157:world.
128:death.
56:Shamans
1728:People
1391:Tanasi
1381:Talisi
1356:Oconee
1331:Echota
1298:Kituwa
1293:Keowee
1258:Etowah
1157:(2005)
1149:(1871)
1140:(1832)
1132:(1831)
781:Kituwa
596:Ghigau
591:Gadugi
586:Chiefs
533:Tribes
434:
403:
316:
163:hearth
150:falcon
82:willow
71:Burial
37:burial
2053:Tsali
1818:Enola
1634:Stone
1411:Toqua
1351:Ocoee
1288:Joara
1233:Cowee
1223:Chota
805:Wars
581:Clans
432:JSTOR
401:JSTOR
235:cedar
206:clans
65:vigil
1147:case
314:ISBN
1328:New
463:hdl
393:doi
143:in
2209::
475:^
459:71
457:.
453:.
426:.
422:.
399:.
389:16
387:.
383:.
366:10
364:.
360:.
328:^
286:^
274:.
182:,
24:,
518:e
511:t
504:v
465::
428:8
395::
322:.
186:.
101:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
