188:
801:
792:
461:
783:
352:
in a glossary published posthumously in 1877, which was an attempt to preserve a way of speech that was already under threat from "emigration, railways, and the blending of shires." Leigh notes that some words collected by Ray had already disappeared. Later reference works include Thomas
Darlington's
763:. Vol. 1: An Introduction (pp. i–xx, 1–278), Vol. 2: The British Isles (pp. i–xx, 279–466), Vol. 3: Beyond the British Isles (pp. i–xx, 467–674). Cambridge University Press.
425:
splits. Words with the bath vowel like castle or past are pronounced with instead of while words with the strut vowel such as cut, up and lunch are pronounced with instead of like in most of
1764:
437:
is also absent, with the ng in words like sing or thing being pronounced as instead of just like in most
English dialects. Some areas in the north-west of Cheshire such as
623:
434:
337:
poet. But when I read sections of the poem aloud to my father, he knew, and used, more than 90% of the vocabulary; and the phonetics of the vowels have scarcely changed."
422:
369:
Cheshire dialect contains some words that are distinct from standard
English, such as "shippen" for cow shed. According to Leigh, most unique Cheshire words derive from
449:, with features such as being fricatised into , along with the dental fricatives and being realised as dental stops and , being present in some cases.
1859:
832:
201:
381:
contains recordings of the dialect from various parts of the county. A number of authors have written in
Cheshire dialect, including poetry by
1909:
1694:
1960:
1929:
1002:
887:
426:
410:
267:
1410:
1515:
776:
611:
1314:
798:
789:
780:
1562:
1358:
312:
235:
1879:
1319:
825:
544:
1919:
1612:
1574:
563:
378:
1914:
1567:
1387:
1204:
1025:
1290:
1280:
878:
845:
841:
1874:
1589:
1447:
858:
433:
is another feature which occurs in
Cheshire English, in which the sound is usually omitted from most words, while
1854:
1380:
1338:
1309:
1241:
1209:
818:
390:
1579:
1533:
1432:
1405:
1370:
1265:
1136:
245:
1791:
1624:
1442:
1417:
718:
89:
79:
69:
1706:
1684:
1488:
1185:
1154:
1032:
307:
1904:
1824:
1689:
1584:
1297:
1231:
985:
975:
970:
1897:
398:
810:
1326:
1219:
1159:
1037:
1010:
927:
345:
318:
149:
84:
624:
British
Library Sound Archive Catalogue: Accents and dialects - English language - England: Cheshire
1924:
1754:
1746:
1644:
1607:
1493:
1478:
1353:
1343:
1270:
1109:
377:. Other words derive from transposition, for example, "waps" for "wasp" and "neam" for "name". The
1814:
1781:
1716:
1699:
1554:
1375:
922:
912:
382:
283:
275:
74:
187:
1965:
1819:
1804:
1776:
1736:
1528:
1510:
1465:
1214:
990:
954:
540:
474:
1939:
1892:
1844:
1771:
1679:
1669:
1664:
1654:
1500:
1473:
1331:
1251:
1196:
1094:
1076:
1063:
900:
764:
733:
673:
99:
94:
1809:
1711:
1649:
1619:
1602:
1427:
1302:
1123:
1099:
1071:
1042:
1015:
980:
867:
567:
466:
418:
104:
61:
503:
1884:
1799:
1759:
1659:
1483:
1236:
1141:
1131:
1047:
849:
700:
442:
144:
52:
333:
states "Of course has changed, as all living language changes, since the time of the
1954:
1934:
1849:
1505:
1422:
1363:
1275:
1226:
1104:
1086:
756:
349:
287:
1437:
1285:
1164:
701:"New-dialect formation in nineteenth century Liverpool: a brief history of Scouse"
370:
330:
323:
139:
556:
460:
1348:
738:
592:
519:
456:
430:
295:
291:
279:
772:
768:
216:
203:
905:
175:
612:
The
National Archives: Photographs related to Gladys Threadgold and family
932:
414:
341:
340:
Early references include
English proverbs and dialect words collected by
271:
253:
241:
42:
1869:
1864:
1674:
1020:
947:
942:
438:
306:
The dialect has existed for centuries and is distinct from what became
278:. It has similarities with the dialects of the surrounding counties of
249:
32:
937:
917:
669:
665:
446:
344:
in the 17th century, and a glossary of
Cheshire words compiled by
814:
348:
in 1817 and expanded in 1826. These sources were expanded by
252:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
581:
An
Attempt at a Glossary of Some Words Used in Cheshire
537:
The Cambridge History of Medieval English Literature
508:(Hamilton, Adams, and Co./Minshull and Hughes; 1877)
1837:
1790:
1745:
1725:
1637:
1553:
1546:
1464:
1396:
1250:
1195:
1184:
1177:
1122:
1085:
1062:
1001:
963:
886:
877:
866:
857:
607:
605:
506:
A Glossary of Words Used in the Dialect of Cheshire
173:
168:
160:
132:
58:
48:
38:
28:
23:
310:. The works of the 14th century poets, including
726:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
329:, are written in this dialect. Cheshire author
826:
539:, p. 627 (Cambridge University Press; 1999) (
8:
1860:Comparison of American and British English
1729:
1550:
1258:
1192:
1181:
883:
874:
863:
833:
819:
811:
660:Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2002).
186:
20:
737:
557:Renner B. An Interview with Alan Garner.
520:Wilson E. Gawain Poet (fl. c.1375–1400).
593:Harrison S. Leigh, Egerton (1815–1876).
595:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
522:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
489:
485:
246:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
686:
647:
635:
445:share phonological similarities with
7:
1930:Non-native pronunciations of English
192:Location of Cheshire within England
662:The Phonetics of Dutch and English
417:, Cheshire English lacks both the
14:
650:, pp. 132, 196–199, 351–353.
583:, 2nd ed. (London: T. Rodd; 1826)
459:
597:(Oxford University Press; 2004)
524:(Oxford University Press; 2004)
313:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
1880:English-based creole languages
1:
1920:List of English-based pidgins
379:British Library Sound Archive
355:Folk-speech of South Cheshire
1915:Linguistic purism in English
1961:English language in England
1016:London & Thames Estuary
1982:
1875:English as a lingua franca
504:Leigh E. Introduction in:
357:(1887) and Peter Wright's
1855:Broad and general accents
1765:regional and occupational
1732:
1598:
1524:
1261:
1150:
739:10.1017/s0025100307003180
391:Rowland Egerton-Warburton
365:Characteristics and usage
322:, and other works of the
232:
197:
185:
773:10.1017/CBO9780511611766
769:10.1017/CBO9780511611759
566:August 23, 2010, at the
308:standard British English
270:spoken in the county of
268:Northern English dialect
626:(accessed 14 July 2010)
614:(accessed 14 July 2010)
599:(accessed 14 July 2010)
570:(accessed 14 July 2010)
526:(accessed 14 July 2010)
510:(accessed 14 July 2010)
1033:Received Pronunciation
717:Watson, Kevin (2007).
409:Like most dialects in
397:; 1877), and prose by
234:This article contains
1227:Multicultural Toronto
316:, the religious poem
1388:Western Pennsylvania
689:, pp. 189, 366.
373:; "shippen" is from
359:The Cheshire Chatter
150:Early Modern English
1925:Mid-Atlantic accent
1516:Trinidad and Tobago
719:"Liverpool English"
706:. Open House Press.
699:Patrick Honeybone.
676:. pp. 290–302.
638:, pp. 349–351.
213: /
1448:Pennsylvania Dutch
761:Accents of English
535:Wallace D. (ed.).
447:Merseyside English
387:Homage to Cheshire
284:Greater Manchester
276:North West England
16:Dialect of English
1948:
1947:
1833:
1832:
1633:
1632:
1542:
1541:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1381:Pacific Northwest
1242:Standard Canadian
1173:
1172:
1118:
1117:
1058:
1057:
475:Potteries dialect
399:Beatrice Tunstall
260:
259:
242:rendering support
238:phonetic symbols.
1973:
1845:English language
1730:
1551:
1534:Falkland Islands
1433:General American
1406:African-American
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674:Brill Publishers
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554:
548:
533:
527:
517:
511:
501:
469:
464:
463:
427:Southern England
411:Northern England
264:Cheshire dialect
228:
227:
225:
224:
223:
218:
217:53.167°N 2.583°W
214:
211:
210:
209:
206:
190:
178:
110:Cheshire Dialect
64:
24:Cheshire Dialect
21:
1981:
1980:
1976:
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1971:
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1950:
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1829:
1786:
1741:
1721:
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1625:Solomon Islands
1594:
1538:
1520:
1452:
1443:New York Latino
1418:American Indian
1398:
1392:
1253:
1246:
1187:
1169:
1155:Channel Islands
1146:
1114:
1081:
1054:
997:
959:
869:
853:
839:
802:
793:
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752:
747:
721:
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578:
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568:Wayback Machine
555:
551:
534:
530:
518:
514:
502:
487:
483:
467:Cheshire portal
465:
458:
455:
407:
389:; 1939–60) and
367:
346:Roger Wilbraham
304:
240:Without proper
221:
219:
215:
212:
207:
204:
202:
200:
199:
193:
174:
156:
135:
128:
105:British English
65:
62:Language family
60:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1979:
1977:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1953:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1887:
1885:Englishisation
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1796:
1794:
1792:Southeast Asia
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1779:
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1757:
1751:
1749:
1743:
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1727:
1723:
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1709:
1707:South Atlantic
1704:
1703:
1702:
1697:
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1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
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1639:
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1605:
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1577:
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1525:
1522:
1521:
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1496:
1489:Cayman Islands
1486:
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1476:
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1468:
1462:
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1450:
1445:
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1435:
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1413:
1402:
1400:
1399:ethno-cultural
1394:
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1385:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
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1322:
1317:
1307:
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1234:
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1217:
1207:
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1120:
1119:
1116:
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1035:
1030:
1029:
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991:Stoke-on-Trent
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983:
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965:
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890:
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850:Modern English
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837:
830:
823:
815:
809:
808:
757:Wells, John C.
751:
748:
746:
745:
709:
691:
679:
664:(5 ed.).
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628:
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579:Wilbraham, R.
572:
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528:
512:
484:
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479:
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451:
443:Ellesmere Port
435:NG-coalescence
406:
403:
366:
363:
303:
300:
258:
257:
244:, you may see
230:
229:
222:53.167; -2.583
195:
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183:
182:
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171:
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169:Language codes
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145:Middle English
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29:Native to
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3:
2:
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1585:Torres Strait
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1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1320:North-Central
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1298:New York City
1296:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1232:Ottawa Valley
1230:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1208:
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1203:
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1189:
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1163:
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1135:
1133:
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1129:
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1125:
1121:
1111:
1108:
1106:
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1098:
1096:
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1090:
1088:
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1069:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1049:
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1041:
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1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1026:Multicultural
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1014:
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1009:
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1006:
1004:
1000:
992:
989:
987:
986:Black Country
984:
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979:
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977:
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974:
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971:East Midlands
969:
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822:
817:
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813:
800:
791:
782:
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766:
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749:
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735:
731:
727:
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710:
702:
695:
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688:
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629:
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582:
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569:
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436:
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396:
395:Hunting Songs
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
364:
362:
360:
356:
351:
350:Egerton Leigh
347:
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
326:
321:
320:
319:St. Erkenwald
315:
314:
309:
301:
299:
297:
293:
289:
288:Staffordshire
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
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255:
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198:Coordinates:
196:
189:
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159:
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148:
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142:
141:
137:
131:
111:
108:
107:
106:
103:
102:
101:
98:
97:
96:
93:
92:
91:
90:Anglo-Frisian
88:
87:
86:
83:
82:
81:
80:West Germanic
78:
77:
76:
73:
72:
71:
70:Indo-European
67:
63:
57:
54:
51:
47:
44:
41:
37:
34:
31:
27:
22:
19:
1690:South Africa
1685:Sierra Leone
1438:Miami Latino
1327:Philadelphia
1315:Inland North
1220:Newfoundland
1038:West Country
895:
852:by continent
799:0-52128541-0
790:0-52128540-2
781:0-52129719-2
760:
750:Bibliography
729:
725:
712:
694:
682:
661:
655:
648:Wells (1982)
643:
636:Wells (1982)
631:
619:
594:
588:
580:
575:
558:
552:
536:
531:
521:
515:
505:
408:
394:
386:
374:
368:
358:
354:
339:
334:
324:
317:
311:
305:
263:
261:
233:
109:
18:
1815:Philippines
1608:New Zealand
1494:Bay Islands
1474:The Bahamas
1397:Social and
1354:New Orleans
1271:New England
1165:Isle of Man
1110:Port Talbot
1011:East Anglia
928:Northumbria
383:H. V. Lucas
371:Anglo-Saxon
331:Alan Garner
248:instead of
220: /
140:Old English
134:Early forms
1955:Categories
1755:Bangladesh
1747:South Asia
1700:Cape Flats
1650:The Gambia
1575:Aboriginal
1411:vernacular
1376:California
1349:High Tider
1344:Appalachia
1205:Aboriginal
1137:South-West
981:Birmingham
938:Sunderland
923:Manchester
913:Lancashire
732:(3): 352.
687:Wells 1982
545:0521890462
481:References
431:H-dropping
423:foot-strut
296:Derbyshire
292:Shropshire
280:Merseyside
85:Ingvaeonic
1820:Singapore
1782:Sri Lanka
1737:Hong Kong
1563:variation
1555:Australia
1466:Caribbean
1332:Baltimore
1215:Lunenburg
1160:Gibraltar
1077:Highlands
955:Yorkshire
918:Liverpool
419:trap-bath
405:Phonology
176:ISO 639-3
49:Ethnicity
1966:Cheshire
1940:Standard
1910:Learning
1898:Nerrière
1889:Globish
1805:Malaysia
1777:Pakistan
1717:Zimbabwe
1645:Cameroon
1479:Barbados
1210:Atlantic
1178:Americas
1095:Abercraf
1064:Scotland
1043:Cornwall
964:Midlands
948:Teesside
943:Tyneside
933:Pitmatic
896:Cheshire
842:Dialects
759:(1982).
564:Archived
453:See also
415:Midlands
413:and the
361:(1979).
342:John Ray
272:Cheshire
254:Help:IPA
164:Cheshire
161:Dialects
75:Germanic
43:Cheshire
1870:Engrish
1865:E-Prime
1838:Related
1825:Vietnam
1810:Myanmar
1680:Nigeria
1675:Namibia
1665:Liberia
1547:Oceania
1529:Bermuda
1501:Jamaica
1428:Chicano
1266:Midland
1252:United
1188:America
1124:Ireland
1100:Cardiff
1072:Glasgow
1021:Cockney
901:Cumbria
879:England
870:Britain
846:accents
439:Runcorn
302:History
250:Unicode
205:53°10′N
100:English
53:English
33:England
1893:Gogate
1800:Brunei
1712:Uganda
1695:accent
1670:Malawi
1638:Africa
1613:accent
1568:accent
1511:Samaná
1484:Bequia
1303:accent
1276:Boston
1254:States
1237:Quebec
1197:Canada
1186:North
1142:Ulster
1132:Dublin
1048:Dorset
906:Barrow
868:Great
859:Europe
803:
797:,
794:
788:,
785:
779:
771:,
670:Boston
666:Leiden
561:(2002)
559:elimae
543:
375:scypen
335:Gawain
325:Gawain
294:, and
208:2°35′W
95:Anglic
39:Region
1935:Plain
1850:Basic
1772:Nepal
1760:India
1660:Kenya
1655:Ghana
1620:Palau
1580:South
1423:Cajun
1364:Texas
1359:Older
1339:South
1310:North
1286:Maine
1105:Gower
1087:Wales
1003:South
888:North
722:(PDF)
704:(PDF)
266:is a
1726:Asia
1603:Fiji
1590:West
1506:Saba
1371:West
1291:West
1281:East
844:and
777:ISBN
541:ISBN
421:and
327:poet
262:The
848:of
765:doi
734:doi
441:or
274:in
236:IPA
1957::
775:.
730:37
728:.
724:.
672::
604:^
488:^
429:.
401:.
298:.
290:,
286:,
282:,
834:e
827:t
820:v
806:.
767::
742:.
736::
668:/
547:)
393:(
385:(
256:.
181:–
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