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Mlimo, the
Matabele spiritual/religious leader, is credited with fomenting much of the anger that led to this confrontation. He convinced the Ndebele and Shona that the white settlers (almost 4,000 strong by then) were responsible for the drought, locust plagues and the cattle disease rinderpest
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of Mazoe. They succeeded in driving away the white settlers from the
Mashonaland on 20 June 1896. Three months later, the British South Africa Police regrouped and established control over the Hwata people after their Mambo (King) Hwata surrendered together with his spirit medium,
196:. Proponents of land reform regard it as the final phase in what they hold to be the liberation of Zimbabwe by economic and agrarian reforms that are intended to empower indigenous people, despite the economic collapse that soon followed, which some have labelled the "Third
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led the uprising of the Zezuru Shona people located to the South West of the capital
Salisbury. Mashayamombe worked with the local spiritual leader Kaguvi, and during this period a white farmer, Norton and his wife were killed at Porta Farm in Norton.
446:(thumb piano), drums, gourd rattles with Western styles (electric guitar) in songs that achieved wide popularity among the protest movement against white minority rule. Today the term
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is now celebrated in
Zimbabwe as the First War of Independence. It is also known in the English speaking world as the Second Matabele War. This conflict refers to the 1896–1897
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ravaging the country at the time. Mlimo's call to battle was well timed. Only a few months earlier, the
British South Africa Company's Administrator General for
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are also a part of this group. Their ancestor was known by the name
Murenga Musorowenzou (Head of an Elephant), known by the Venda as
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239:. The later two have named their cities after this man while the Shona honoured him by naming their wars of struggle after him.
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or the
Zimbabwe Liberation War, refers to the guerrilla war of the 1966–1979 which led to the end of white-minority rule in
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In a modern context, the word may denote a struggle for human rights, political dignity and
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The
Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Land Warfare: An Illustrated World View
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Re-living the Second
Chimurenga: Memories from Zimbabwes Liberation Struggle
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undertaken by the
Zimbabwe government since 2000, which some call the Third
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equivalent is not as widely used since most Zimbabweans speak Shona; it is
498:"The Tradition of Resistance in Mozambique: The Zambesi Valley, 1850-1921"
442:, who mixed indigenous African rhythmic patterns and instruments such as
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The name Chimurenga is coined from the great ancestor of the now Shona,
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walked unarmed into the native's stronghold and persuaded the
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were unified under company rule and named Southern Rhodesia.
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The concept is also occasionally used in reference to the
300:, had sent most of his troops and armaments to fight the
335:Mlimo was eventually assassinated in his temple in
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438:also refers to a style of music first branded by
173:government during the 1960s and the 1970s, the
573:The Struggle for Zimbabwe: The Chimurenga War
359:thus ended in October 1897. Matabeleland and
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533:. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 539.
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405:, and the black nationalist movements of
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560:. Stockholm: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet.
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347:. Upon learning of the death of Mlimo,
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255:A Ndebele warrior (1896), depicted by
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49:adding citations to reliable sources
355:to lay down their arms. The first
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598:African resistance to colonialism
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36:needs additional citations for
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319:The third phase of the First
16:Shona word meaning "struggle"
282:British South Africa Company
163:British South Africa Company
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603:1890s in Southern Rhodesia
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157:insurrections against
475:"What is Chimurenga?"
298:Leander Starr Jameson
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190:land reform programme
608:Rebellions in Africa
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123:For other uses, see
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330:Nehanda Nyakasikana
280:revolt against the
257:Robert Baden-Powell
453:refers to popular
387:Rhodesian Bush War
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369:Chimurenga
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502:ZimNative
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371:(1967–79)
215:Etymology
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