114:. Tatu and Dar followed the next year. The chimpanzees were originally housed on the third floor of the university's psychology complex. Roger Fouts and Deborah Fouts with their students advocated for, and lobbied the campus and the state legislature for a specialized facility, and the CHCI complex was opened on May 7, 1993. More than twenty years later, on August 28, 2013, the last two remaining chimpanzees moved out of the CHCI.
4361:
51:. The institute was closed in 2013 when the remaining chimpanzees were transferred to facilities in Quebec, Canada and the building the facility was housed in, was demolished in 2018. Portions of the specialized structures used to house the chimps were dismantled and moved to the Chimpanzee Sanctuary Northwest in
131:
CHCI provides research opportunities for both undergraduates and graduates. When it housed the chimpanzees, many volunteered as docents or assistants within the center while others conducted research on primate behavior. Research projects which inconvenienced the chimpanzees in any way were not
122:
CHCI promotes advocacy of chimpanzee conservation and the promotion of primate intellect. The sanctuary hosted public sessions, Chimposiums, which allowed the public to see the chimpanzees in action. For safety reasons, no one—visitors or staff—had physical contact with the chimpanzees.
73:, May 10, 1978 - (moved out in 2013). Loulis is Washoe's adopted son and was the subject of a project that examined whether he would learn sign language from other chimpanzees. The complete research was not published in a peer-reviewed journal, but can be found in the 1989 book
4714:
Sign-language names reflect the region of origin. Natural sign languages are not related to the spoken language used in the same region. For example, French Sign
Language originated in France, but is not related to French. Conversely,
4794:
4616:
4789:
4769:
677:
652:
4631:
1915:
4621:
3805:
3760:
782:
3817:
868:
863:
296:
2145:
4784:
4529:
4426:
223:
645:
1168:
703:
67:, September, 1965 - October 30, 2007. Washoe was the first non-human primate to learn some rudimentary forms of ASL, a true human language.
186:
Demolished CWU building to help chimps in
Pacific Northwest, Central Washington University News, February 1, 2018, retrieved July 21, 2020
4671:
4078:
1282:
4497:
4124:
3702:
1866:
4774:
4073:
2551:
638:
4570:
4180:
4149:
4068:
3717:
2520:
289:
3871:
2920:
2181:
2155:
1022:
535:
619:
4676:
4170:
4063:
3750:
3336:
2390:
1229:
1034:
946:
197:
4590:
3553:
3548:
2460:
1817:
1082:
111:
28:
4779:
4666:
4524:
3812:
3668:
3418:
3169:
2873:
1771:
1660:
1301:
1069:
909:
829:
806:
4239:
4193:
3876:
3866:
3456:
2788:
2509:
2497:
2440:
2298:
1961:
1743:
1670:
1439:
1197:
1059:
282:
90:
Loulis and Tatu, the remaining two chimpanzees in the center after the natural death of Washoe and Dar, moved to the
4626:
4314:
4201:
3410:
3058:
1365:
1214:
4736:
Denotes the number (if known) of languages within the family. No further information is given on these languages.
3655:
4309:
4279:
4269:
4254:
4144:
4134:
3843:
3775:
3712:
3569:
3156:
3121:
3098:
3066:
2652:
2635:
2450:
2328:
2263:
2218:
1933:
1854:
1706:
1049:
882:
842:
766:
4585:
4436:
4299:
4234:
4197:
4189:
4129:
4114:
4010:
3984:
3976:
3968:
3822:
3650:
3642:
3629:
3606:
3577:
3529:
3360:
3328:
3304:
2935:
2886:
2796:
2646:
2625:
2566:
2526:
2503:
2490:
2455:
2445:
2395:
2355:
2293:
2273:
2191:
2160:
1943:
1381:
1264:
1241:
1087:
814:
749:
573:
3939:
2345:
2310:
1456:
35:. CHCI included a sanctuary for chimpanzees who have learned to communicate with humans and each other using
4681:
4502:
4406:
4335:
4304:
4294:
4249:
4244:
4154:
4036:
4002:
3955:
3929:
3913:
3785:
3780:
3464:
3436:
3394:
3344:
3264:
3256:
3103:
3011:
2985:
2855:
2839:
2717:
2640:
2579:
2415:
2228:
2223:
2212:
2201:
1923:
1688:
1683:
1537:
1517:
1341:
1251:
1236:
1127:
801:
795:
789:
755:
557:
185:
4723:
both originated in
English-speaking countries but are not related to each other; ASL however is related to
3198:
2128:
2120:
94:
in Quebec in late August 2013, where they will be integrated into an existing group of eleven chimpanzees.
4716:
4696:
4421:
4289:
4284:
4264:
4259:
4119:
4055:
3989:
3921:
3881:
3835:
3827:
3770:
3765:
3724:
3692:
3663:
3637:
3598:
3503:
3498:
3472:
3376:
3288:
3222:
3206:
3185:
3148:
3140:
3113:
3042:
3034:
3019:
3003:
2995:
2977:
2953:
2943:
2925:
2730:
2701:
2696:
2630:
2531:
2485:
2470:
2430:
2304:
2288:
2283:
2206:
2186:
2090:
1951:
1928:
1825:
1714:
1678:
1639:
1618:
1572:
1558:
1522:
1352:
1296:
1272:
1219:
1209:
1178:
1077:
1044:
894:
819:
772:
736:
726:
672:
540:
321:
36:
32:
4720:
4476:
4416:
4274:
4139:
4109:
3947:
3790:
3755:
3697:
3621:
3611:
3590:
3518:
3428:
3402:
3389:
3384:
3368:
3312:
3296:
3280:
3214:
3177:
3164:
3090:
3082:
3024:
2930:
2912:
2899:
2868:
2847:
2831:
2812:
2804:
2722:
2604:
2592:
2561:
2556:
2541:
2514:
2480:
2465:
2435:
2400:
2382:
2335:
2253:
2233:
2106:
1787:
1761:
1655:
1634:
1613:
1597:
1542:
1532:
1486:
1316:
1246:
1183:
1158:
1119:
1111:
1097:
1092:
1029:
981:
899:
847:
760:
742:
731:
227:
4724:
4431:
4175:
3934:
3894:
3856:
3800:
3543:
3538:
3508:
3423:
3352:
3240:
3227:
3193:
3074:
2990:
2969:
2961:
2948:
2863:
2780:
2751:
2738:
2709:
2620:
2599:
2475:
2410:
2375:
2370:
2360:
2350:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2196:
2176:
1835:
1830:
1801:
1756:
1751:
1724:
1693:
1527:
1473:
1419:
1360:
1258:
1054:
914:
904:
837:
777:
604:
4656:
4600:
4516:
4104:
3994:
3886:
3861:
3795:
3616:
3582:
3561:
3513:
3320:
3272:
3248:
3232:
3050:
3029:
2907:
2772:
2764:
2746:
2571:
2546:
2536:
2425:
2420:
2405:
2340:
2323:
2268:
2258:
1879:
1719:
1592:
1481:
1224:
991:
986:
936:
720:
494:
489:
413:
141:
103:
64:
4647:
4545:
4026:
3851:
3108:
2878:
2759:
2659:
2584:
2278:
1729:
581:
565:
484:
403:
305:
4550:
4211:
609:
509:
504:
436:
408:
393:
383:
161:
40:
4749:
4560:
4555:
4391:
4372:
614:
166:
91:
4686:
4481:
4461:
4340:
599:
459:
4595:
4580:
4471:
4456:
4226:
431:
360:
253:
Friends of Washoe -- CHCI's 501.3(c) organization dedicated to education and advocacy.
4763:
4565:
4466:
4451:
4446:
4083:
661:
156:
48:
4441:
4386:
530:
398:
4575:
4345:
499:
201:
151:
44:
4691:
4330:
3673:
3482:
2891:
2365:
1306:
375:
365:
4216:
4185:
4041:
3477:
451:
4396:
4355:
4206:
3960:
52:
4031:
464:
423:
326:
258:
Central
Washington University - Primate Behavior & Ecology Program
4660:
3745:
1017:
1005:
388:
347:
274:
146:
107:
70:
4360:
441:
355:
252:
4350:
630:
2679:
695:
634:
278:
257:
132:
permitted; therefore, research was mostly observational.
262:
4617:
Association of Visual
Language Interpreters of Canada
224:"CWU Chimpanzees Arrive Safely at Canadian Sanctuary"
4640:
4609:
4538:
4515:
4490:
4405:
4371:
4323:
4225:
4163:
4092:
4054:
4019:
3903:
3735:
3445:
3130:
2821:
2686:
2672:
2613:
2169:
2144:
2105:
2088:
1960:
1942:
1914:
1878:
1844:
1816:
1770:
1742:
1705:
1669:
1648:
1627:
1606:
1585:
1551:
1510:
1501:
1471:
1454:
1437:
1398:
1374:
1281:
1196:
1167:
1145:
1110:
1068:
1004:
974:
945:
923:
881:
856:
828:
702:
686:
592:
549:
518:
477:
450:
422:
374:
346:
335:
312:
16:
Former research institute in
Ellensburg, Washington
4632:World Association of Sign Language Interpreters
226:. Central Washington University. Archived from
200:. Central Washington University. Archived from
269:Next of Kin: My Conversations with Chimpanzees
4622:International Center on Deafness and the Arts
646:
290:
8:
4795:2013 disestablishments in Washington (state)
526:Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute
21:Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute
4379:
2676:
1966:
1507:
1289:
1202:
1151:
1010:
929:
887:
825:
692:
653:
639:
631:
343:
297:
283:
275:
4790:1993 establishments in Washington (state)
4770:Organizations based in Washington (state)
43:. It was founded by former co-directors
4427:Manually coded language in South Africa
178:
271:. HarperCollins Publishers: New York.
75:Teaching Sign Language to Chimpanzees
7:
77:edited by Allen and Beatrix Gardner.
1464:Creole Hawaiʻi Sign Language (CHSL)
2777:Somalia, Somaliland & Djibouti
2391:Jamaican Country (KS/Konchri Sain)
14:
4359:
4150:Sandy River Valley Sign Language
80:Tatu, 1975 - (moved out in 2013)
4740:
4731:
4709:
4677:U.S. Army hand and arm signals
3761:Far North Queensland Indigenous
2383:Keresan Pueblo (KPISL/Keresign)
536:Iowa Primate Learning Sanctuary
198:"CWU Chimpanzee Dar Dies at 36"
27:) was located on the campus of
4498:Bilingual–bicultural education
3818:Western Torres Strait Islander
2892:Kata Kolok (Benkala, Balinese)
869:Western Torres Strait Islander
1:
3570:Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)
2718:Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)
2580:Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)
2329:Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)
1836:Taiwanese (TSL/Taiwan Shouyu)
263:Central Washington University
112:Central Washington University
29:Central Washington University
2156:Providence Island (Provisle)
1806:North West Frontier Province
3756:Akitiri (Eltye eltyarrenke)
59:Former resident chimpanzees
4811:
4785:Human–animal communication
4627:Mimics and Gesture Theatre
3836:Hawaiʻan (Haoilona ʻŌlelo)
3766:Arrernte (Iltyeme iltyeme)
2552:Trinidad and Tobago (TTSL)
2406:Hausa (HSL/Magannar Hannu)
1826:Japanese (JSL/Nihon Shuwa)
1220:Estonian (Eesti viipekeel)
620:Human–animal communication
4705:
4382:
3872:Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)
2311:Hawaiʻi (Hoailona ʻŌlelo)
2121:Ktunaxa (ʾa·qanⱡiⱡⱡitnam)
1969:
1528:Kazakh-Russian (KSL/KRSL)
1292:
1205:
1154:
1023:Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)
1013:
932:
890:
678:List by number of signers
668:
4775:Primate research centers
4437:Paget Gorman Sign System
3891:Samoa and American Samoa
2681:Sign languages by region
2466:Ottoman (Seraglio/Harem)
2192:Albarradas Sign Language
2182:Al-Sayyid Bedouin (ABSL)
2015:Meciciya ka pekiskwakehk
1867:Martha's Vineyard (MVSL)
1831:Korean (KSL/Hanguk Sueo)
1083:Finland-Swedish (FinSSL)
697:Sign languages by family
4682:Monastic sign languages
4530:Television shows (list)
4503:Manually coded language
4336:Hamburg Notation System
2129:Shuswap (Secwepemcékst)
1375:Indonesian (Nusantaric)
1098:Finnish (Viittomakieli)
1035:Northern Ireland (NISL)
558:Koko: A Talking Gorilla
4653:CHCI chimpanzee center
4422:Manually coded English
4120:Henniker Sign Language
3786:Warumungu (Warramunga)
3771:Warlpiri (Rdaka rdaka)
2765:Hausa (Magannar Hannu)
673:List of sign languages
541:The Gorilla Foundation
322:American Sign Language
267:Fouts, Roger. (1997).
127:Research opportunities
39:. CHCI's director was
37:American Sign Language
33:Ellensburg, Washington
4477:Signing Exact English
4417:Indian Signing System
4140:Plateau Sign Language
3514:Inuit (Atgangmuurniq)
3091:Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)
2621:Amami Shuwa languages
2294:Guatemalan (Lensegua)
2234:Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)
2213:Caucasian (Harsneren)
2161:Old Cayman (Guyanese)
1689:Norwegian (Tegnspråk)
1661:French Belgian (LSFB)
1093:Swedish (Teckenspråk)
4725:French Sign Language
4432:Manually Coded Malay
4240:British (two-handed)
4176:Bimodal bilingualism
3806:Far North Queensland
3114:Ban Khor (Pasa kidd)
2636:Sri Lankan languages
2567:Venezuelan (LSV/VSL)
2471:Ban Khor (Pasa kidd)
1982:Chaticks si Chaticks
1962:Plains Sign Language
1880:Mayan (Meemul Tziij)
1382:Indonesian (Bisindo)
1060:South African (SASL)
783:Far North Queensland
605:Animal communication
110:, and Moja moved to
4780:Primate sanctuaries
2647:Tanzanian languages
2626:Ethiopian languages
2593:Nanabin (NanabinSL)
1684:Icelandic (Táknmál)
1399:Francophone African
1357:Puerto Rican (PRSL)
1215:Swiss-German (DSGS)
1146:Chilean-Paraguayan-
495:Maurice K. Temerlin
490:Sue Savage-Rumbaugh
142:Washoe (chimpanzee)
102:In September 1980,
4648:Baby sign language
4546:Jabbar Baghtcheban
4027:International Sign
3930:Brazilian (Libras)
3844:New Zealand (NZSL)
3791:Mudbura (Mudburra)
3719:Sandy River Valley
3698:Keresan (Keresign)
3289:Yugoslav (Kosovar)
2660:International Sign
2641:Sudanese languages
2264:Navajo/Diné Family
2078:Wíyut'a / Wíblut'e
1916:Original Thai Sign
1694:Danish (Tegnsprog)
1237:Brazilian (Libras)
1050:New Zealand (NZSL)
566:The Mind of an Ape
485:Francine Patterson
306:Great ape language
55:, for future use.
4757:
4756:
4750:extinct languages
4672:Legal recognition
4551:Jeanette Berglind
4511:
4510:
4212:Nonmanual feature
4125:Martha's Vineyard
4050:
4049:
3704:Martha's Vineyard
3199:Faroese (Teknmál)
2921:Al-Sayyid Bedouin
2731:Bouakako (LaSiBo)
2668:
2667:
2653:Zimsign languages
2631:Laotian languages
2515:Rwandan (AKR/AMR)
2274:Ecuadorian (LSEC)
2219:Azerbaijani (AİD)
2140:
2139:
1738:
1737:
1581:
1580:
1497:
1496:
1487:Cypriot (ΚΝΓ/KNG)
1192:
1191:
1120:Chinese (CSL/ZGS)
1106:
1105:
1000:
999:
970:
969:
877:
876:
732:Eltye eltyarrenke
712:
711:multiple families
628:
627:
610:Primate cognition
510:William M. Fields
505:Tetsuro Matsuzawa
473:
472:
315:to non-human apes
230:on 4 January 2014
204:on 4 January 2014
162:Mary Lee Jensvold
86:Moja, 1972 - 2002
41:Mary Lee Jensvold
4802:
4744:
4735:
4713:
4601:Pierre Pélissier
4586:Thomas Gallaudet
4561:Thomas Braidwood
4392:Initialized sign
4380:
4363:
3848:Papua New Guinea
3751:Australian-Irish
3457:Plains Sign Talk
3337:Northern Ireland
3333:Northern Ireland
2856:Hong Kong (HKSL)
2677:
2456:Nicaraguan (ISN)
2371:Kenyan (KSL/LAK)
2187:Albanian (AlbSL)
1967:
1781:Bangalore-Madras
1762:Israeli (Shassi)
1730:Thai (TSL/MSTSL)
1640:Honduran (LESHO)
1508:
1366:Singapore (SgSL)
1302:Black ASL (BASL)
1290:
1230:Australian-Irish
1203:
1152:
1128:Hong Kong (HKSL)
1088:Portuguese (LGP)
1078:Eritrean (EriSL)
1011:
930:
888:
826:
710:
693:
655:
648:
641:
632:
615:Animal cognition
519:Research centers
344:
340:simple languages
313:Languages taught
299:
292:
285:
276:
240:
239:
237:
235:
220:
214:
213:
211:
209:
194:
188:
183:
167:Fauna Foundation
92:Fauna Foundation
83:Dar, 1976 - 2012
4810:
4809:
4805:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4799:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4738:
4729:
4707:
4701:
4687:Tactile signing
4636:
4605:
4534:
4507:
4486:
4462:Signed Japanese
4408:
4401:
4374:
4367:
4341:Stokoe notation
4319:
4221:
4181:Phonology (ASL)
4159:
4094:
4088:
4046:
4015:
3914:Argentine (LSA)
3899:
3731:
3554:New Costa Rican
3549:Old Costa Rican
3449:
3447:
3441:
3325:North Macedonia
3126:
2817:
2752:Bamako (LaSiMa)
2682:
2664:
2614:Other groupings
2609:
2461:Old Costa Rican
2436:Burkina (Mossi)
2416:Mauritian (MSL)
2289:Ghardaia (AJSL)
2202:Argentine (LSA)
2165:
2147:
2136:
2101:
2084:
1956:
1938:
1910:
1874:
1840:
1812:
1773:
1766:
1734:
1701:
1671:Danish (Tegnic)
1665:
1644:
1623:
1602:
1577:
1552:Yugoslavic Sign
1547:
1518:Bulgarian (БЖЕ)
1503:
1493:
1482:Greek (ΕΝΓ/ENG)
1467:
1457:Hoailona ʻŌlelo
1450:
1433:
1420:Bamako (LaSiMa)
1401:(Françafrosign)
1400:
1394:
1370:
1342:Malaysian (BIM)
1284:
1277:
1252:Valencian (LSV)
1188:
1179:Paraguay (LSPY)
1170:
1163:
1147:
1141:
1102:
1064:
996:
966:
941:
925:
919:
883:Arab (Ishaaric)
873:
852:
824:
737:Iltyeme iltyeme
708:
705:
698:
688:
682:
664:
659:
629:
624:
600:Animal language
588:
545:
514:
469:
446:
418:
370:
339:
337:
331:
314:
308:
303:
249:
244:
243:
233:
231:
222:
221:
217:
207:
205:
196:
195:
191:
184:
180:
175:
138:
129:
120:
100:
61:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4808:
4806:
4798:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4762:
4761:
4755:
4754:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4650:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4613:
4611:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4596:William Stokoe
4593:
4588:
4583:
4581:Valerie Sutton
4578:
4573:
4571:Abbé de l'Épée
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4542:
4540:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4527:
4521:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4482:Signed Swedish
4479:
4474:
4472:Signed Spanish
4469:
4464:
4459:
4457:Signed Italian
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4413:
4411:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4383:
4377:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4300:Serbo-Croatian
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4227:Fingerspelling
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4098:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4060:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4005:
4000:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3979:
3974:
3971:
3966:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3950:
3945:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3924:
3919:
3916:
3911:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3846:
3841:
3838:
3833:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3813:Western Desert
3810:
3809:
3808:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3710:
3707:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3671:
3664:American (ASL)
3661:
3658:
3656:Old Salvadoran
3653:
3648:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3632:
3627:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3601:
3596:
3593:
3588:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3572:
3567:
3564:
3559:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3533:
3526:
3523:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3504:Maritime (MSL)
3501:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3473:American (ASL)
3470:
3467:
3462:
3459:
3453:
3451:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3419:Central Taurus
3416:
3413:
3408:
3405:
3400:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3379:
3374:
3371:
3366:
3363:
3358:
3355:
3350:
3347:
3342:
3339:
3334:
3331:
3326:
3323:
3318:
3315:
3310:
3307:
3302:
3299:
3294:
3291:
3286:
3283:
3278:
3275:
3270:
3267:
3262:
3259:
3254:
3251:
3246:
3243:
3238:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3217:
3212:
3209:
3204:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3188:
3183:
3180:
3175:
3174:United Kingdom
3172:
3170:French Belgian
3167:
3162:
3159:
3154:
3151:
3146:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3093:
3088:
3085:
3080:
3077:
3072:
3069:
3064:
3061:
3056:
3053:
3048:
3045:
3040:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3014:
3009:
3006:
3001:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2980:
2975:
2972:
2970:Kazakh-Russian
2967:
2964:
2959:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2902:
2897:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2881:
2876:
2874:Indo-Pakistani
2871:
2866:
2861:
2858:
2853:
2850:
2845:
2842:
2837:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2807:
2802:
2799:
2794:
2791:
2786:
2783:
2778:
2775:
2770:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2741:
2736:
2733:
2728:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2712:
2707:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2587:
2582:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2486:Peruvian (LSP)
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2431:Miyakubo Shuwa
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2385:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2308:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2269:Dogon/Douentza
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2126:
2123:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2093:
2091:American (ASL)
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1952:Namibian (NSL)
1948:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1920:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1858:
1850:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1822:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1776:
1772:Indo-Pakistani
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1748:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1619:Tunisian (TSL)
1616:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1573:Yugoslav (YSL)
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1559:Croatian (HZJ)
1555:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1514:
1512:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1478:
1476:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1430:Sierra Leonean
1428:
1425:
1422:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1355:
1353:Filipino (FSL)
1350:
1347:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1297:American (ASL)
1293:
1287:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1273:Romanian (LSR)
1270:
1269:
1268:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1210:Algerian (LSA)
1206:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1171:Uruguayan Sign
1165:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1159:Chilean (LSCh)
1155:
1149:
1148:Uruguayan Sign
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1116:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1045:Maritime (MSL)
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1014:
1008:
1002:
1001:
998:
997:
995:
994:
989:
984:
978:
976:
972:
971:
968:
967:
965:
964:
961:
958:
955:
951:
949:
943:
942:
940:
939:
933:
927:
921:
920:
918:
917:
912:
910:Qatari Unified
907:
902:
897:
891:
885:
879:
878:
875:
874:
872:
871:
866:
860:
858:
857:Zendath Kesign
854:
853:
851:
850:
845:
840:
834:
832:
830:Western Desert
823:
822:
817:
812:
809:
807:Worora Kinship
804:
799:
792:
787:
786:
785:
775:
770:
763:
758:
753:
746:
739:
734:
729:
724:
716:
714:
700:
699:
696:
690:
684:
683:
681:
680:
675:
669:
666:
665:
660:
658:
657:
650:
643:
635:
626:
625:
623:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
596:
594:
590:
589:
587:
586:
578:
570:
562:
553:
551:
547:
546:
544:
543:
538:
533:
528:
522:
520:
516:
515:
513:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
481:
479:
475:
474:
471:
470:
468:
467:
462:
456:
454:
448:
447:
445:
444:
439:
434:
428:
426:
420:
419:
417:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
380:
378:
372:
371:
369:
368:
363:
358:
352:
350:
341:
336:Non-human apes
333:
332:
330:
329:
324:
318:
316:
310:
309:
304:
302:
301:
294:
287:
279:
273:
272:
265:
260:
255:
248:
247:External links
245:
242:
241:
215:
189:
177:
176:
174:
171:
170:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
137:
134:
128:
125:
119:
116:
99:
96:
88:
87:
84:
81:
78:
68:
60:
57:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4807:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4742:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4704:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4641:Miscellaneous
4639:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:Organisations
4608:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4566:Laurent Clerc
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4556:Pär Aron Borg
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4537:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4489:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4467:Signed Polish
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4452:Signed German
4450:
4448:
4447:Signed French
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4404:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4370:
4362:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4171:Grammar (ASL)
4169:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4091:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4020:International
4018:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:South America
3902:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3877:Rossel Island
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3867:Mount Avejaha
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3714:
3713:Navajo Family
3711:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3660:United States
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3623:
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3605:
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3600:
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3500:
3497:
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3427:
3425:
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3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3396:
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3388:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3356:
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3340:
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3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3324:
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3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3292:
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3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3242:
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3236:
3234:
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3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
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3200:
3197:
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3192:
3189:
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3181:
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3176:
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3147:
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3139:
3136:
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3133:
3129:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3054:
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3046:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2957:
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2898:
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2867:
2865:
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2854:
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2849:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2789:South African
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2734:
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2721:
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2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2600:Yoruban (YSL)
2598:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2585:Bura (Burasl)
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2576:West African
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2562:Ugandan (USL)
2560:
2558:
2557:Turkish (TİD)
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2542:Spanish (LSE)
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2510:Rossel Island
2508:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2499:
2498:Qahveh Khaneh
2496:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2441:Mount Avejaha
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2401:Maltese (LSM)
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2324:Atgangmuurniq
2322:
2321:
2319:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2300:
2299:Guinea-Bissau
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2143:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2087:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1905:Cepeda Peraza
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:Highland Maya
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1818:Japanese Sign
1815:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1758:
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1749:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1656:Flemish (VGT)
1654:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1635:Mexican (LSM)
1633:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1614:Italian (LIS)
1612:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1544:
1543:Russian (РЖЯ)
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1533:Latvian (LSL)
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1500:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1470:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1453:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1436:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1397:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1247:Catalan (LSC)
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1184:Uruguay (LSU)
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1144:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1030:British (BSL)
1028:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1003:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
979:
977:
973:
962:
959:
956:
953:
952:
950:
948:
944:
938:
935:
934:
931:
928:
922:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
892:
889:
886:
884:
880:
870:
867:
865:
862:
861:
859:
855:
849:
848:Ngaatjatjarra
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
835:
833:
831:
827:
821:
818:
816:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
797:
793:
791:
788:
784:
781:
780:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
768:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
751:
747:
745:
744:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
722:
718:
717:
715:
707:
701:
694:
691:
685:
679:
676:
674:
671:
670:
667:
663:
662:Sign language
656:
651:
649:
644:
642:
637:
636:
633:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
597:
595:
591:
584:
583:
579:
576:
575:
571:
568:
567:
563:
560:
559:
555:
554:
552:
548:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
523:
521:
517:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
482:
480:
476:
466:
463:
461:
458:
457:
455:
453:
449:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
429:
427:
425:
421:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
381:
379:
377:
373:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
353:
351:
349:
345:
342:
334:
328:
325:
323:
320:
319:
317:
311:
307:
300:
295:
293:
288:
286:
281:
280:
277:
270:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
250:
246:
229:
225:
219:
216:
203:
199:
193:
190:
187:
182:
179:
172:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
157:Deborah Fouts
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
139:
135:
133:
126:
124:
117:
115:
113:
109:
105:
97:
95:
93:
85:
82:
79:
76:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
58:
56:
54:
50:
49:Deborah Fouts
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
4745:
4739:
4730:
4728:
4708:
4652:
4525:Films (list)
4442:Signed Dutch
4387:Contact sign
3832:Hawaii (USA)
3725:
3718:
3703:
3528:
3519:
3411:Swiss-German
3047:Saudi Arabia
2785:South Africa
2519:
2502:
2376:Somali (SSL)
2303:
2211:
2146:Providencia–
2125:Nesilextcl'n
2098:Oneida (OSL)
2060:Tickanwa•tic
2048:Schitsu'umsh
2030:Nųmą́khų́·ki
1944:Paget Gorman
1865:
1860:
1853:
1845:
1809:Punjab-Sindh
1757:Polish (PJM)
1752:German (DGS)
1628:Mexican Sign
1607:Italian Sign
1511:Russian Sign
1474:French (LSF)
1447:Oneida (OSL)
1361:Quebec (LSQ)
1346:Oneida (OSL)
1263:
1259:French (LSF)
1112:Chinese Sign
1070:Swedish Sign
794:
765:
748:
741:
719:
580:
572:
564:
556:
531:Elgin Center
525:
399:Nim Chimpsky
268:
232:. Retrieved
228:the original
218:
206:. Retrieved
202:the original
192:
181:
130:
121:
101:
89:
74:
24:
20:
18:
4667:Open Outcry
4591:Abbé Sicard
4576:Roger Fouts
4407:Signed Oral
4346:SignWriting
4194:Orientation
4164:Linguistics
4145:Pitha Pitha
3840:New Zealand
3776:Manjiljarra
3647:El Salvador
3407:Switzerland
3317:Netherlands
3157:Azerbaijani
3099:Old Bangkok
3039:Philippines
2727:Ivory Coast
2521:Sandy River
2259:Cuban (LSC)
2148:Cayman Sign
1997:Hinono'eino
1988:Coahuilteco
1973:Anishinaabe
1934:Old Bangkok
1855:Old Kentish
1784:Beluchistan
1744:German Sign
1725:Ho Chi Minh
1649:Old Belgian
1593:Dutch (NGT)
1332:Costa Rican
1225:Irish (ISL)
1169:Paraguayan-
960:Palestinian
843:Manjiljarra
838:Kartutjarra
773:Rdaka rdaka
767:Pitha Pitha
585:(2011 film)
582:Project Nim
577:(1997 book)
574:Next of Kin
569:(1983 book)
561:(1978 film)
500:Roger Fouts
478:Researchers
376:Chimpanzees
208:26 November
152:Roger Fouts
45:Roger Fouts
4764:Categories
4692:Protactile
4331:ASL-phabet
4315:Portuguese
4217:Sign names
4202:Expression
4130:Old French
4115:Kalkutungu
4084:Name signs
4074:Literature
4011:Venezuelan
3985:Inmaculada
3977:Paraguayan
3969:Ecuadorian
3823:Yir Yoront
3674:Protactile
3651:Salvadoran
3643:Panamanian
3630:Nicaraguan
3607:Albarradas
3578:Guatemalan
3535:Costa Rica
3530:Old Cayman
3483:Protactile
3361:Portuguese
3329:Macedonian
3305:Lithuanian
3153:Azerbaijan
3122:Vietnamese
3079:Tajikistan
3067:Sri Lankan
2966:Kazakhstan
2936:Kafr Qasem
2887:Indonesian
2589:Mofu-Gudur
2527:Salvadoran
2504:Rennellese
2491:Inmaculada
2446:Mozambican
2396:Macedonian
2366:Kata Kolok
2356:Kafr Qasim
2315:Creole HSL
2066:Tsuu T'ina
2027:Niitsítapi
2021:Ni Mii Puu
2012:Maagiadawa
1976:Apsáalooke
1902:Trascorral
1586:Dutch Sign
1389:Yogyakarta
1349:Panamanian
1307:Protactile
1265:Old French
1242:Lithuanian
1198:Francosign
815:Yir Yoront
802:Warramunga
750:Kalkutungu
706:Aboriginal
704:Australian
452:Orangutans
366:Panbanisha
173:References
4748:indicate
4409:Languages
4310:Ukrainian
4270:Hungarian
4255:Esperanto
4186:Handshape
4155:Warluwara
4095:languages
4079:Profanity
4042:Signalong
4007:Venezuela
4003:Uruguayan
3956:Colombian
3910:Argentina
3781:Warlmanpa
3742:Australia
3680:Blackfeet
3669:Black ASL
3626:Nicaragua
3574:Guatemala
3566:Greenland
3489:Blackfoot
3478:Black ASL
3446:North and
3437:Ukrainian
3395:Valencian
3377:Slovenian
3345:Norwegian
3301:Lithuania
3265:Icelandic
3257:Hungarian
3104:Chiangmai
3075:Taiwanese
3063:Sri Lanka
3059:Singapore
3055:Singapore
3012:Mongolian
2986:Malaysian
2883:Indonesia
2852:Hong Kong
2840:Cambodian
2797:Tanzanian
2673:By region
2229:Bhutanese
2024:Niimíipuu
2006:Karankawa
1929:Hai Phong
1924:Chiangmai
1715:Hai Phong
1707:Viet-Thai
1569:Slovenian
1538:Mongolian
1504:Hungarian
1440:Hand Talk
1407:Ethiopian
1335:Dominican
1329:Cambodian
1124:Shanghai
954:Jordanian
947:Levantine
926:Levantine
811:Yan-nhaŋu
796:Warluwara
790:Warlmanpa
756:Miriwoong
234:3 January
4397:Mouthing
4373:Language
4356:ASLwrite
4280:Japanese
4235:American
4207:Mouthing
4198:Movement
4190:Location
4135:Old Kent
4101:Chilmark
4037:Monastic
3990:Peruvian
3973:Paraguay
3961:Provisle
3952:Colombia
3922:Bolivian
3882:Sinasina
3726:Henniker
3686:Cheyenne
3638:Chiriqui
3599:Honduran
3595:Honduras
3465:Belizean
3373:Slovenia
3357:Portugal
3223:Ghardaia
3207:Estonian
3186:Croatian
3149:Austrian
3141:Armenian
3095:Thailand
3043:Filipino
3035:Nepalese
3020:Ghandruk
3008:Mongolia
3004:Maldives
3000:Maldives
2996:Selangor
2982:Malaysia
2954:Miyakubo
2944:Japanese
2926:Ghardaia
2836:Cambodia
2793:Tanzania
2706:Cameroon
2702:Ghardaia
2697:Algerian
2532:Sinasina
2305:Henniker
2284:Ghandruk
2224:Belizean
2207:Armenian
2170:Isolates
2117:Kalispel
2114:A'aninin
2072:Wazhazhe
2069:Umatilla
2051:Shiwinna
2042:Piipaash
1991:Dane-zaa
1985:Cheyenne
1890:Yucatec
1861:Chilmark
1795:Calcutta
1679:Malagasy
1523:Georgian
1427:Nigerian
1424:Moroccan
1413:Ghanaian
1338:Jamaican
1324:Mandalay
1313:Bolivian
1283:American
975:Possible
957:Lebanese
895:Egyptian
761:Mudburra
727:Djingili
689:families
687:Language
424:Gorillas
136:See also
53:Cle Elum
4746:Italics
4697:Tic-tac
4539:Persons
4375:contact
4324:Writing
4305:Spanish
4295:Russian
4250:Chilean
4245:Catalan
4110:Jaralde
4093:Extinct
4064:Grammar
4032:Makaton
3999:Uruguay
3965:Ecuador
3948:Chilean
3940:Ka'apor
3918:Bolivia
3736:Oceania
3622:Mexican
3612:Chatino
3591:Haitian
3520:Plateau
3450:America
3448:Central
3433:Ukraine
3429:Turkish
3403:Swedish
3390:Spanish
3385:Catalan
3369:Russian
3313:Russian
3309:Moldova
3297:Latvian
3281:Italian
3269:Ireland
3261:Iceland
3253:Hungary
3237:Germany
3215:Finnish
3211:Finland
3203:Estonia
3190:Denmark
3182:Croatia
3178:British
3165:Flemish
3161:Belgium
3145:Austria
3137:Armenia
3118:Vietnam
3083:Russian
3025:Jhankot
2978:Laotian
2931:Israeli
2913:Kurdish
2900:Persian
2869:Bengali
2848:Chinese
2832:Bengali
2813:Zambian
2805:Ugandan
2769:Senegal
2756:Nigeria
2723:Nanabin
2693:Algeria
2605:Zambian
2481:Persian
2387:Kisindo
2346:Ka'apor
2336:Jhankot
2254:Chatino
2107:Plateau
2089:Mixed,
2081:Wyandot
2075:Wichita
2063:Tháumgá
2045:Ppáⁿkka
2033:Nʉmʉnʉʉ
2009:Liksiyu
2000:Hiraacá
1979:Arikara
1846:Kentish
1788:Bengali
1698:Teknmál
1598:Gambian
1566:Serbian
1563:Kosovar
1502:Austro-
1472:Mixed,
1455:Mixed,
1438:Mixed,
1416:Guinean
1410:Chadian
1386:Jakarta
1317:Burmese
1285:(ASLic)
982:Emirati
900:Kuwaiti
743:Jaralde
593:Related
465:Chantek
437:Michael
348:Bonobos
327:Yerkish
118:Mission
98:History
4661:Loulis
4657:Washoe
4491:Others
4290:Polish
4285:Korean
4265:German
4260:French
4105:Diyari
4069:Idioms
3926:Brazil
3895:Samoan
3857:Kailge
3801:Umpila
3746:Auslan
3709:Navajo
3693:Oneida
3689:Ojibwa
3634:Panama
3603:Mexico
3544:Brunca
3539:Bribri
3525:Cayman
3509:Quebec
3499:Oneida
3495:Ojibwa
3469:Canada
3461:Belize
3424:Mardin
3415:Turkey
3399:Sweden
3365:Russia
3353:Polish
3349:Poland
3341:Norway
3293:Latvia
3285:Kosovo
3245:Greece
3241:German
3228:French
3219:France
3194:Danish
3131:Europe
3071:Taiwan
2991:Penang
2962:Korean
2949:Koniya
2917:Israel
2864:Alipur
2828:Bengal
2809:Zambia
2801:Uganda
2781:Somali
2739:Kenyan
2710:Maroua
2687:Africa
2643:(~150)
2476:Penang
2421:M'bour
2411:Mardin
2361:Kailge
2351:Kajana
2320:Inuit
2244:Brunca
2239:Bribri
2197:Alipur
2177:Afghan
2133:Sqeliz
2018:Nakota
1896:Nohkop
1893:Chicán
1802:Nepali
1792:Bombay
1321:Yangon
1055:Samoan
1041:Fijian
1018:Auslan
1006:BANZSL
963:Syrian
924:Iraqi–
915:Yemeni
905:Libyan
864:Meriam
778:Umpila
721:Diyari
414:Washoe
389:Loulis
338:taught
147:Loulis
108:Loulis
104:Washoe
71:Loulis
65:Washoe
4517:Media
4275:Irish
3995:Sivia
3944:Chile
3887:Wanib
3862:Mehek
3828:Yolŋu
3796:Ngada
3617:Mayan
3587:Haiti
3583:Mayan
3562:Cuban
3381:Spain
3321:Dutch
3277:Italy
3273:Irish
3249:Greek
3233:Lyons
3087:Tibet
3051:Saudi
3030:Jumla
3016:Nepal
2958:Korea
2940:Japan
2908:Iraqi
2860:India
2844:China
2773:Mbour
2747:Tebul
2735:Kenya
2714:Ghana
2572:Wanib
2547:Tebul
2537:Sivia
2426:Mehek
2341:Jumla
2054:Sioux
2039:Palus
2036:Omaha
1899:Nohya
1798:Delhi
1720:Hanoi
1132:Macau
992:Omani
987:Saudi
937:Iraqi
820:Yolŋu
550:Media
442:Ndume
404:Sarah
361:Nyota
356:Kanzi
4719:and
4351:si5s
3981:Peru
3935:Cena
3852:Enga
3683:Cree
3558:Cuba
3492:Cree
3109:Thai
2974:Laos
2904:Iraq
2896:Iran
2879:Naga
2822:Asia
2760:Bura
2743:Mali
2649:(7+)
2451:Naga
2279:Enga
2249:Cena
2057:Taos
2003:Icāk
1994:Diné
1774:Sign
432:Koko
409:Viki
394:Lucy
384:Lana
236:2014
210:2012
47:and
25:CHCI
19:The
4721:BSL
4717:ASL
4056:ASL
460:Azy
31:in
4766::
4741:^c
4732:^b
4727:.
4710:^a
4659:,
4200:/
4196:/
4192:/
4188:/
106:,
4752:.
4663:)
4655:(
4364:)
4358:(
713:)
709:(
654:e
647:t
640:v
298:e
291:t
284:v
238:.
212:.
23:(
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