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28 December, near
Taungtek, when they acknowledged to having had 500 men and 300 guns against us, and to having sustained a great defeat, they gave up all hope of keeping us out of their hills. On 8 January two Yokwa Chins came into camp, and from this date onwards we were never again out of touch with the tribes. The objects of our coming, and our terms, were carefully explained to these two men, and they were dismissed to repeat them to their chiefs, who formally surrendered shortly after. The next day Lieutenant Foster and two other officers were strolling outside the camp when they were suddenly fired at by a few Thetta men in ambush, and Lieutenant Foster was shot dead. In consequence of this the nearest village, Lamtok, was burnt. Having dealt with the Yokwas, the column moved on Haka as soon as the mule path was sufficiently forward, arriving there on 13 February. The same procedure as that adopted with the Yokwas obtained the full submission of the important Haka community; and the surrender of these two tribes was virtually equivalent to the submission of the whole Baungshe country.
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small river, the
Myittha, connected Kan to Kalewa on the Chindwin, but it was very shallow and swift, full of rocks, and generally difficult of navigation. Owing to the difficulties of land transport, however, Lieutenant Holland, of the Indian Marine, explored the 136 miles of this river between Kan and Kalewa, and pronounced that it would be possible to send stores up by this route. This form of transport was accordingly adopted, and, under the supervision of Lieutenant Holland, was worked with conspicuous success until the end of January, when the river became too shallow for navigation. During February the transport officers had to meet a fresh difficulty in cattle-disease, which broke out with great virulence in the Kale and Myittha valleys, and through which the number of pack bullocks available was reduced by two-thirds. The first troops of the Southern Column reached Kan on 7 December, and the Sappers of the party began work on the road to Yokwa and Haka the next day.
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rains the start of the expedition had been put off until
November 23rd. The Northern Column was ready at Fort White, and only awaited the arrival of its hill coolies. It had been decided to establish ten posts along the western portion of the Burma frontier for its protection against Chin raids. All the garrisons for these posts were sent up the Chindwin river to Kalewa. The late rains had flooded the Kale valley, and up to the end of November the country was impassable to anything but elephants. The energies of the officers, however, overcame all difficulties, and by the end of December these ten posts were constructed, occupied, and rationed.
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making the road, sixty-four miles in length, it took the head of the column sixty-six days to get into Haka, while the mule road was not completed until the seventy-seventh day from commencing the work. This disappointing delay was not without its compensating advantages in dealing with the Chins. They expected us to make a quick advance, do some damage, and then retire. The steady persistent advance, together with the pains taken to get into touch with them, and to explain our objects and intentions, paralysed their efforts for resistance, and thus tribe after tribe submitted and yielded to our terms.
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the
British posts. These facts, coupled with the advisability of thoroughly exploring and opening out the narrow strip of country which alone now divided British Burma from India, led to the undertaking, in the cold weather of 1889–90, of military operations from Burma and Chittagong into the country of the Chins and Lushais.
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The Chins first met with by the
Southern Column were the Yokwas of the Baungshe tribe. From the outset it was resolved to try a lenient policy with the Southern Chins, who before these operations had not come into contact with us. After one poor attempt by the Yokwas at opposition to our advance on
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Before the expedition started it was believed that the
Southern Column would be able to reach Haka in at the most twelve days from Kan, and all calculations were made on this surmise. Such, however, were the unexpected difficulties of the country that, with the whole strength of the force devoted to
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The rationing of Kan, however, the head-quarters of the
Southern Column, was one of the greatest difficulties with which the General had to contend. Kan was 165 miles by road from Pakkoku, the main base, and on 23 November, owing to the floods, carts could only travel sixty miles of this distance. A
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General Symons assumed command of the Burma
Columns, Chin-Lushai Field Force on November 15, 1889, and about this time the preparations for the expedition were in the following state: The Southern Column had concentrated at Pakokku for its march of 165 miles to Kan. On account of the unusually late
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To the
Northern column were assigned the duties of continuing and completing the subjugation and pacification of the Siyin, Sagyilaing, and Kanhow tribes of Chins, and of operating against the Tashons in conjunction with the Southern Column. The task of Brigadier-General Symons as Commander of the
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Throughout the summer of 1889 the
Political Officer kept up negotiations with the Soktes and Siyins, but though they surrendered a large number of Burman captives, they continued to give trouble by cutting the telegraph wires, ambushing convoys, and firing into
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Third – To advance west from Haka, and, in co-operation with the Chittagong Column, complete the opening of the road between Bengal and Burma, coercing the tribes, and obtaining submission to our authority on both sides of the line of
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Having destroyed the enemy's villages and crops for many months, and captured a few stockades, the chiefs of the tribes believe surrender was necessary, and on April 30, 1890, the expedition was ended and disbanded.
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First – To drive a mule road through the heart of the Baungshe Chin country to Yokwa and Haka, subjugating these tribes as he advanced; and obtaining the restoration of captives.
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Fourth – To visit villages; force the Chins to cease raiding and give up all captives; to explore the Chin Hills in every direction as far as the limits of time and the working season would permit.
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217:, the border regions of Burma and India remained relatively peaceful with few raids occurring. In 1888 however raids become more frequent, and in February 1889, Lieutenant Stewart of the
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543:. The little forces had to make their way through the roadless and pestilent jungle, which caused many troops to die from disease.
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Frontier and overseas expeditions from India: Record of the expeditions against the North-west frontier tribes, since the annexation of the Punjab
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Second – To advance in combination with the Northern column to the capital of the Tashon Chins and compel their submission.
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Fifth – To establish the necessary posts to hold the country after the withdrawal of the main body of the troops.
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and his surveying party were murdered by Chin tribesmen, and the government was determined to stop the raids.
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Col Symons, Col Tregear and Brigade Surgeon Edward Corrigan Markey were appointed Companions of the
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623:(CB) for their service during the campaign, and the following were appointed Companions of the
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served in the expedition as a Lieutenant on special service from the 7th Dragoon Guards.
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Finding the gun of the late Lieutenant Stewart in the grave of the Chief Howsata,
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Gerald Edward Holland, First Grade Officer of Her Majesty's Indian Marine.
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The British and Indian soldiers involved in the campaign were awarded the
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Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel George John Skinner, Bengal Staff Corps.
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The expedition advanced on November 15, 1889, in two columns,
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Surgeon-Major William Heed Murphy, Indian Medical Service, Bengal.
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Surgeon Frederick Arthur Rogers, Indian Medical Service, Bengal.
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India General Service Medal with clasp for Chin-Lushai 1889–90
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Captain Arthur George Frederic Browne, Bengal Staff Corps.
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Lieutenant Arthur Henry Morris, the Royal Irish Regiment.
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Lieutenant Edward James Lugard, Bengal Staff Corps.
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548:Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India
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505:Detachment, Chittagong Frontier Police
371:Queen's Own Madras Sappers and Miners
295:Queen's Own Madras Sappers and Miners
189:was a British punitive expedition in
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714:. Simla : Govt. Monotype Press.
42:November 15, 1889 – April 30, 1890
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775:. 14 November 1890. p. 6023.
187:Chin-Lushai Expedition of 1889–90
30:Chin-Lushai Expedition of 1889–90
18:Chin-Lushai Expedition of 1889-90
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631:Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel
159:3,608 British and Indian troops
741:"War Medals and Their History"
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708:Paget, William Henry (1907).
359:1st Bengal Mountain Artillery
348:King's Own Scottish Borderers
215:Lushai Expedition of 1871–72
747:. S. Paul & Co., London
625:Distinguished Service Order
610:India General Service Medal
258:Col. Charles McD. Skene DSO
128:Col. Charles McD. Skene DSO
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396:2nd Madras Native Infantry
282:42nd Gurkha Light Infantry
197:against the tribes of the
535:proceeding against the
494:Bengal Sappers and Miners
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533:Brigadier-General Symons
139:Vincent William Tregear
118:Maj.Gen. William Symons
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554:Southern Column was:
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408:Chittagong Field Force
335:Gen. William P. Symons
105:Commanders and leaders
635:, Bombay Staff Corps.
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167:Casualties and losses
481:28th Bombay Pioneers
319:38th Bengal Infantry
307:10th Bengal Infantry
614:Chin Lushai 1889–90
470:9th Bengal Infantry
457:3rd Bengal Infantry
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772:The London Gazette
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621:Order of the Bath
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75:Belligerents
56:Lushai Hills
767:"No. 26106"
751:22 November
537:Chin tribes
525:The Graphic
445:2nd Gurkhas
384:4th Gurkhas
174:78 soldiers
144:Chin Tribes
89:British Raj
787:Categories
674:References
209:Background
199:Chin Hills
172:3 officers
95:Chin Hills
52:Chin Hills
596:Aftermath
650:Captain
565:advance.
515:Campaign
417:Regiment
244:Regiment
154:Strength
47:Location
162:10,000+
414:Column
241:Column
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63:Result
195:India
191:Burma
137:Col.
753:2022
527:1889
485:102
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