141:, since then the World Bank began its dedication in assisting the PRC's economic development. The World Bank served as a catalytic role in kick-starting China's economic development, when the country initially received approval of its first project loan in 1981. These projects have primarily focused on financing technical assistance such as pension reform, urban housing reform, energy market reform, environmental protection, labor market development, social safety net development, interest rate liberalization and external trade liberalization. Also as important, the technical assistant from the World Bank in areas such as how to appraise and implement priority projects, how to encourage innovation and introduce new technologies, and how to develop institutions and policy instruments needed for good economic management. Since then, China has become one of the largest borrower of loans and recipient of technical assistant from the World Bank.
157:(IBRD) as its main borrower, and had borrowed $ 39.8 billion until 2011. Currently China is categorized as an upper-middle-income country, and work with the World Bank mainly for funding small-scale projects. According to World Bank Group's Country Partnership Strategy, the bank's activity is classified under five pillars: "integrating China in the world economy; reducing poverty, inequality, and social exclusion; managing resource scarcity and environmental challenges; financing sustained and efficient growth; and improving public and market institutions". Since the opening up of this relationship, there has been many successes, which include China's economic performance since the market reforms of 1979, urbanization, social developments, and education and health services.
187:
sanitation&waste, agriculture, industry&trade, and energy&extractives. Within the World Bank Group, China is one of the largest loan-taking countries. From 2016 to 2018, China was the second largest borrower with $ 6.19 billion in loans, a number less than India ($ 8.05 billion) and more than Egypt ($ 5.23 billion). As China's development solidifies, the World Bank has since shifted its objectives, and focusing on involvements that would support greener growth and sustainable energy, promote more inclusive development in all regions, and advance mutually beneficial relations with the world.
55:, "China maintained policies that kept the economy very poor, stagnant, centrally controlled, vastly inefficient, and relatively isolated from the global economy". Since its entry into the World Bank, China has transformed into a market-based economy and has experienced rapid economic and social development. Currently, although China has become the world's second largest economy with 1.4 billion population, it still has a close relationship with the World Bank in areas such as poverty, environmental protection and new challenges from the reform.
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of political freedom and human rights. On the other side, China represents an immerging new organization that generally provides aid with no conditions and emphasize stability as a crucial threshold for continuing investment. While World Bank's aid has promoted reduced crime and more democracy in
African recipient countries, China's aid has promoted more security force and more autocracy in African recipient countries.
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208:(IFC) has invested and activated over $ 13.4 billion to support over 390 projects across 30 provinces, in which as of July 2017, IFC has committed $ 3.6 billion in China's portfolio. IFC invest and mobilize capital for private sector projects which supports sustainable economic development in China, particularly those that help
177:
in 1994 and since then it has been making growing contributions to international finance system as a state-funded and state-owned policy bank, turning itself into an alternative to aid other countries except the World Bank. It is not willing to merely listen to the World Bank when it comes to setting
160:
China has also been increasing its involvement in the World Bank's administration and contribution to the bank. As China grows in its economic power, it overtook large
European nations in voting power at IBRD in 2010, with a jumping increase from 2.77% to 4.42%. In the end of 2019, China holds 5.05%
114:
Despite losing much of its territory, in 1967, the ROC loaned US$ 61 million from the World Bank to finance four projects: construction of US$ 14 million worth of tuna boats, US$ 15 million worth of railroad construction, US$ 15 million in loan funds for the China
Development Corporation, and US$ 17
238:
in China, the researchers found that the project had increased the number of doctor's visit 1.4 by average one year and lower the catastrophic expenses. However, the medicine expenses were the same and the immunization rate of the children was in fact lower, maybe because the project has advantaged
168:
China is increasing not only its involvement in the World Bank's administration and its contribution but also its aid in Africa and has developed a different approach from the World Bank. On the one side, World bank represents a traditional multilateral organization which provides aid on conditions
233:
Created in 1998 and lasted until 2007, the Health VIII Project aimed to increase the overall health quality in seven provinces in China by increasing people's access to healthcare, lowering health spending, and improving the quality of health care provided in village clinics and township health
224:
encourages foreign direct investment in developing nations by providing political risk insurance to foreign investors and lenders, while also providing strategies for countries to attract and retain foreign direct investments. Since 2000s, MIGA has been providing guarantees for investments into
161:
of total votes in IBRD, behind United States (16.37%) and Japan (8.21%), while having more voting power than
Germany (4.3%), UK (4%), France (4%), and India (3.11%). As of 2019, China has 2 out of 32 management members on the World Bank leadership. Financially, in 2016, China approved its first
195:
In 1981, IDA provided $ 200 million as its first loan to China for higher education, since then IDA has involved with a catalytic role in China's modernization. By 2007, China was becoming a contributing partner by providing finance and policy input through the replenishment process. China has
186:
From 1999 to 2011, China borrowed near $ 40 billion from the IBRD. Up until
December 2019, there is a total of 97 ongoing projects in China by World Bank, with $ 12 billion committed amount of funding. Among them are primarily projects regarding to transportation, public administration, water
307:
In 2013, China proposed the Belt and Road
Initiative, a transcontinental development project that includes 1/3 of world trade and GDP and over 60% of the world's population. According to World Bank, the string of infrastructure investment could "lift 32 million people out of moderate poverty
252:
In 2012 at the fourth BRICS summit, the leaders of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa considered the possibility of setting up a new
Development Bank to mobilize resources for infrastructure and sustainable development projects in BRICS and other emerging economies, as well as in
321:. This led to the World Bank ruling to withdraw funding for this section of the project to stop this controversial debate. In the year 2000, the World Bank also stopped the China Western Poverty Reduction project that was originally going to resettle over 58,000 Chinese farmers into
345:, and one of her advisers were accused by the investigation of pressurising the staff members to alter the data; Kristalina Georgieva had denied such accusations. Also, China was accused in the report of trying to influence the decisions of the World Bank by lobbying.
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China, particularly for projects that involve sub-sovereign risk, such as water and waste. Meanwhile, MIGA also supports its
Chinese partners with their outward investments abroad, including both private lenders and governmental administration.
172:
With China's power increasing over the years, it seeks to transform its role from an acceptor internalizing itself into the status quo of world financial system to a challenger breaking the current hegemony of the World Bank. China created the
129:
the People's
Republic of China as the sole legitimate government of China, removing the ROC from its membership. Subsequently, the World Bank changed China's representation from the ROC to the PRC on April 16, 1980. That same year, Chinese
2418:
257:(NDB) became fully operational and has approved loans involving financial assistance of over $ 3.4 billion for projects in the areas of green and renewable energy, transportation, water sanitation, irrigation and other areas.
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264:(AIIB) as a "multilateral development bank with a mission to improve social and economic outcomes in Asia". As of 2019, it has over 100 members, a co-financing framework with the World Bank and partnership with
2156:
316:
One highly controversial World Bank
Project was the Gansu and Inner Mongolia Poverty Reduction Project in 1999, which included a 40-meter dam that was projected to displace around 60,000 inhabitants within
1999:
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1924:
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graduated from IDA in the fiscal year of 1999, and as September 2019, China shares a 2.25% of IDA votes for its increasing role in the IDA finance contribution and technical assistant.
153:(IDA), the Bank's low-income country arm, and received up to $ 9.95 billion in concessional loans until 1999. Later when China was categorized as middle-income country, it switched to
1400:
855:
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conditions if implemented fully". However, as the World Bank report suggest, the cost of project might out-weigh the economic benefits, while there has been a lack of transparency.
325:. After reports were released by inspection panel, the project was forced to be withdrawn because reports indicated that the World Bank violated social and environmental policies.
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154:
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up the conditions of the multi-donor aid packages and instead set up its own rules. It also advocates for the changing of norms within the World Bank such as the lending rules.
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341:" report to improve the ranking of China. The bank's leaders, then-World Bank President Jim Yong Kim and then-Chief Executive
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52:
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2019:
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69:
68:
The partnership between China and the World Bank began on December 27, 1945, when it joined the organization. After the
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2987:
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1941:
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2500:
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1946:
1936:
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92:
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passed all loans made by the World Bank and other international lending agencies for Taiwan development projects.
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3007:
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2009:
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1600:
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the township health centers but disadvantaged the village clinics, which is the main force vaccinating children.
209:
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bond issuer to IBRD by People's Bank of China, to serve its increasing involvement in international finances.
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2307:
1956:
1854:
1844:
1535:
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77:
48:
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1994:
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162:
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1974:
1021:
642:
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997:
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212:, promotes balanced rural-urban development, and promote sustainable investments in emerging markets.
2776:
2024:
1787:
1216:
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342:
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centers. In a research study published by the World Bank accessing the impacts of the project in the
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591:
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2539:
2302:
2247:
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2014:
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88:
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the People's Republic of China (PRC) on the mainland while the Republic of China (ROC) government
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1984:
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100:
1883:
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1914:
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as its member, until the relationship ended in 1980, when the membership was replaced by the
2362:
2287:
2100:
1979:
1797:
1777:
1196:
1181:
1110:
471:"China's Economic Rise: History, Trends, Challenges, and Implications for the United States"
131:
116:
104:
96:
47:
until 1980, when it first joined the World Bank in April due to the market reforms known as
44:
28:
1047:"VICTORY! World Bank Effort to Support China's Population Transfer Into Tibet is Defeated!"
3184:
2465:
2004:
1951:
1206:
1176:
655:
138:
724:
412:
337:
for the World Bank found that the staff members altered the data on China in the annual "
901:
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19:
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1222:
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51:. Prior to the economic reform and its relation with the World Bank, according to
2177:
Grand Alliance for China's Reunification under the Three Principles of the People
2460:
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876:
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2352:
2347:
1227:
1102:
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334:
1022:"World Bank: China's Belt and Road can speed development, needs transparency"
2282:
470:
2549:
2419:
Hong Kong–Taiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council
2262:
800:"Flush With Cash, China Continues to Borrow Billions From The World Bank"
43:. The People's Republic of China (PRC) did not become involved with the
318:
856:"The Evolving Roles of China and IDA in the Global Development System"
1720:
36:
2157:
China Council for the Promotion of Peaceful National Reunification
1710:
329:
Controversy over World Bank changing data to boost China's ranking
322:
235:
40:
18:
835:"World Bank Group in China 1980-2018: Facts & Figures (pdf)"
2619:
1681:
1325:
1075:
635:"China - Country partnership strategy for the period FY13-FY16"
107:
to be the sole legitimate authority of the whole China leaving
775:
2000:
Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations
1071:
16:
Overview of the relationship between China and the World Bank
1925:
Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan
2424:
Taiwan–Hong Kong Economic and Cultural Co-operation Council
749:"World Bank Approved as the First SDR Bond Issuer in China"
2147:
Association for Tourism Exchange Across the Taiwan Straits
1139:
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
701:"Top 8 countries voting power | World Bank Group Finances"
2575:
Tibet Religious Foundation of His Holiness the Dalai Lama
115:
million for communications expansion. Subsequently, the
2486:
Chinese information operations and information warfare
1737:
Hong Kong Economic, Trade and Cultural Office (Taiwan)
1119:
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
155:
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
247:
3172:
3128:
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3026:
2910:
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Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits
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2093:
1967:
1907:
1760:
1729:
1236:
1147:
1109:
333:In 2021 an investigation conducted by the law firm
881:International Development Association - World Bank
413:"China and the World Bank - Bretton Woods Project"
619:. Council on Foreign Relations. pp. 208–210.
2085:2024 Kinmen Chinese motorboat capsizing incident
1793:2004 Taiwanese cross-strait relations referendum
1742:Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Hong Kong
1990:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758
592:"China and World Bank: 30 Years of Partnership"
216:MIGA (Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency)
31:(WBG) on December 27, 1945. However, after the
2167:Cross-Strait Economic, Trade and Culture Forum
2137:Alumni Association of Huangpu Military Academy
2631:
2080:2023 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan
2075:2022 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan
1693:
1087:
617:China Joins the World: Progress and Prospects
8:
2528:Timeline of diplomatic relations with Taiwan
1752:Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Macau
673:"China gains clout in World Bank vote shift"
248:China's involvement in international finance
2506:Timeline of diplomatic relations with China
2451:Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents
2373:Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan
2106:Proposed National Unification Promotion Law
1747:Macau Economic and Cultural Office (Taiwan)
191:IDA (International Development Association)
2638:
2624:
2616:
2429:Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council
2132:All-China Federation of Taiwan Compatriots
1700:
1686:
1678:
1322:
1318:
1094:
1080:
1072:
137:met the then president of the World Bank
2570:Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission
2152:Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs
2030:1990 Guangzhou Baiyun airport collisions
1850:Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement
1134:Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
902:"WBG Finances - Country Details - China"
204:Since its first investment in 1985, the
565:"Op-ed: A Constructive Role with China"
533:"Taiwan Review|The Month in Free China"
370:
200:IFC (International Finance Corporation)
2328:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
2162:Cross-Straits Common Market Foundation
1803:2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China
695:
693:
667:
665:
651:
640:
2523:Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity
2182:Lienchiang Cross-Strait Matters Forum
1920:Second Kuomintang-Communist Civil War
1773:Restoration of Taiwan strait shipping
1124:International Development Association
849:
847:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
770:
768:
628:
626:
586:
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527:
525:
489:
487:
151:International Development Association
7:
2481:Chinese intelligence activity abroad
2333:Special non-state-to-state relations
2323:Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang
1862:Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement
559:
557:
464:
462:
437:
435:
433:
407:
405:
403:
401:
376:
374:
312:Controversies of World Bank projects
262:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
149:Initially, China was a recipient of
2565:China National Highway 228 (Taiwan)
253:developing countries. In 2016, the
2055:Anti-Black Box Curriculum Movement
14:
2212:Taiwan Strait Tourism Association
1129:International Finance Corporation
206:International Finance Corporation
3203:Timeline of diplomatic relations
2600:
2599:
1768:Opening of the South-North route
1719:
1709:
1663:
1662:
1653:
1652:
1644:
1643:
1401:Democratic Republic of the Congo
854:Bassani, Antonella (July 2012).
355:
145:Relationship with the World Bank
35:, the World Bank recognized the
2605:Category:Cross-strait relations
1057:from the original on 2018-01-26
543:from the original on 2018-09-23
511:from the original on 2003-06-16
469:Wayne M, Morrison (June 2019).
3155:Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan
2456:Cross-strait language database
633:Bank, The World (2012-11-11).
478:Congressional Research Service
1:
2020:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident
1808:Cross-strait high-level talks
725:"World Bank Group Leadership"
495:"Toward Universal Membership"
243:Involvement and Controversies
2580:The World Turned Upside Down
2555:G3 Beijing–Taipei Expressway
2496:Freedom of religion in China
2471:China and the United Nations
2368:Taiwan independence movement
2207:Taiwan Competitiveness Forum
2192:National Unification Council
974:"About AIIB Overview - AIIB"
64:China joining the World Bank
27:China originally joined the
3136:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
3129:Administration and Policies
2647:Foreign relations of Taiwan
2586:Go and Reclaim the Mainland
2518:Foreign relations of Taiwan
2383:Under the Roof of One China
2313:Republic of China on Taiwan
2197:Straits Exchange Foundation
2070:2021 Solomon Islands unrest
1942:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
615:Economy, Elizabeth (1999).
3250:
3234:World Bank Group relations
2560:G99 Taiwan Ring Expressway
2513:Political status of Taiwan
2501:Foreign relations of China
2414:Hong Kong–Taiwan relations
2409:Fujian–Taiwan relationship
2258:Cross-Strait Economic Zone
2045:Sunflower Student Movement
1947:Third Taiwan Strait Crisis
1937:First Taiwan Strait Crisis
1894:Shanghai-Taipei City Forum
1838:Seventh Chen–Chiang summit
41:People's Republic of China
3198:
3120:World Health Organization
2595:
2268:Four Noes and One Without
2040:China Airlines Flight 611
2010:China Airlines Flight 334
1823:Fourth Chen–Chiang summit
1818:Second Chen–Chiang summit
1641:
1332:
1321:
1317:
906:financesapp.worldbank.org
260:In 2016, China projected
122:On October 25, 1971, the
109:Taiwan's political status
2476:China and the World Bank
2298:One country, two systems
2293:One Country on Each Side
2187:Mainland Affairs Council
2172:Cross-Strait Peace Forum
1874:2014 Wang–Zhang meetings
1867:Jinjiang–Kinmen Pipeline
1833:Sixth Chen–Chiang summit
1828:Fifth Chen–Chiang summit
1813:First Chen–Chiang summit
2491:Chinese Soviet Republic
2446:Exit & Entry Permit
2441:Chinese Travel Document
2308:Cross-strait propaganda
1855:Cross-Strait CEO Summit
1845:Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan
328:
210:mitigate climate change
78:Chinese Communist Party
23:HDI of China since 1990
3141:Diplomatic missions of
2378:United front in Taiwan
1995:Project National Glory
1716:Cross-strait relations
1192:Lewis Thompson Preston
650:Cite journal requires
103:in World War II. Both
24:
3150:New Southbound Policy
2691:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2533:Geostrategy in Taiwan
2202:Taiwan Affairs Office
2116:Anti-Infiltration Act
2035:Qiandao Lake incident
1975:Capture of the Tuapse
998:"Partnerships - AIIB"
417:Bretton Woods Project
49:reform and opening-up
22:
2777:Taiwan Relations Act
2025:Min Ping Yu No. 5202
1899:Second Ma–Xi meeting
1788:Cross-strait charter
1217:Kristalina Georgieva
1167:Eugene R. Black, Sr.
954:New Development Bank
343:Kristalina Georgieva
255:New Development Bank
2540:Anti-Communist Hero
2303:Propaganda in China
2248:Chinese irredentism
2243:Chinese nationalism
2238:Chinese unification
2015:1987 Lieyu massacre
1879:2015 Xi–Chu meeting
1649:Category World Bank
229:Health VIII Project
105:governments claimed
2742:Dominican Republic
2388:Xi Jinping Thought
2318:Self-determination
2111:Anti-Secession Law
2065:Freedom pineapples
1985:Battle of Dong-Yin
1172:George David Woods
780:maps.worldbank.org
382:"Member Countries"
99:in 1945 after the
25:
3211:
3210:
3105:Oceania countries
2782:Taiwan Travel Act
2613:
2612:
2545:Milk Tea Alliance
1915:Chinese Civil War
1675:
1674:
1669:Country Relations
1637:
1636:
1633:
1632:
776:"World Bank Maps"
220:Created in 1988,
74:Chinese Civil War
70:Communist victory
37:Republic of China
33:Chinese Civil War
3241:
3229:Finance in China
3224:Economy of China
3190:Political status
2640:
2633:
2626:
2617:
2603:
2602:
2363:Taiwan consensus
2288:One-China policy
2101:Cross-Strait Act
1980:Kashmir Princess
1798:May 17 Statement
1778:Kinmen Agreement
1730:Diplomatic posts
1724:
1723:
1714:
1713:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1679:
1666:
1665:
1659:World Bank Group
1656:
1655:
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1323:
1319:
1197:James Wolfensohn
1182:Alden W. Clausen
1111:World Bank Group
1096:
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963:
961:
960:
946:
940:
939:
937:
936:
922:
916:
915:
913:
912:
898:
892:
891:
889:
888:
873:
867:
866:
860:
851:
842:
841:
839:
831:
814:
813:
811:
810:
796:
790:
789:
787:
786:
772:
763:
762:
760:
759:
745:
739:
738:
736:
735:
721:
715:
714:
712:
711:
697:
688:
687:
685:
684:
669:
660:
659:
653:
648:
646:
638:
630:
621:
620:
612:
606:
605:
603:
602:
588:
579:
578:
576:
575:
561:
552:
551:
549:
548:
539:. June 1, 1967.
529:
520:
519:
517:
516:
510:
499:
491:
482:
481:
475:
466:
457:
456:
454:
453:
439:
428:
427:
425:
424:
409:
396:
395:
393:
392:
378:
365:
360:
359:
358:
319:Qinghai Province
182:Project in China
132:paramount leader
117:Legislative Yuan
89:island of Taiwan
45:World Bank group
29:World Bank Group
3249:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3194:
3168:
3124:
3068:
3059:Solomon Islands
3022:
2973:North Macedonia
2906:
2798:
2705:
2649:
2644:
2614:
2609:
2591:
2466:HMS Aurora (12)
2397:
2216:
2120:
2089:
2005:CAAC Flight 296
1963:
1952:Senkaku Islands
1903:
1783:Wang–Koo summit
1756:
1725:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1676:
1671:
1629:
1328:
1313:
1232:
1207:Robert Zoellick
1177:Robert McNamara
1143:
1105:
1100:
1070:
1069:
1060:
1058:
1053:. August 2000.
1045:
1044:
1040:
1031:
1029:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1006:
1004:
996:
995:
991:
982:
980:
972:
971:
967:
958:
956:
948:
947:
943:
934:
932:
924:
923:
919:
910:
908:
900:
899:
895:
886:
884:
877:"IDA Graduates"
875:
874:
870:
858:
853:
852:
845:
837:
833:
832:
817:
808:
806:
798:
797:
793:
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782:
774:
773:
766:
757:
755:
747:
746:
742:
733:
731:
723:
722:
718:
709:
707:
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691:
682:
680:
671:
670:
663:
649:
639:
632:
631:
624:
614:
613:
609:
600:
598:
590:
589:
582:
573:
571:
563:
562:
555:
546:
544:
531:
530:
523:
514:
512:
508:
497:
493:
492:
485:
473:
468:
467:
460:
451:
449:
441:
440:
431:
422:
420:
411:
410:
399:
390:
388:
380:
379:
372:
361:
356:
354:
351:
331:
314:
250:
245:
231:
218:
202:
193:
184:
147:
139:Robert McNamara
101:end of hostiles
93:Japanese colony
72:in 1949 in the
66:
61:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3247:
3245:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3216:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3180:Chinese Taipei
3176:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3115:United Nations
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3095:European Union
3092:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3018:United Kingdom
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2918:Czech Republic
2914:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2620:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2393:Zhonghua minzu
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2338:Six Assurances
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2278:Han chauvinism
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2253:Chinese Taipei
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2228:1992 Consensus
2224:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2050:Braga incident
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
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1859:
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1707:
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1642:
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1498:
1493:
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1473:
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1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
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1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1202:Paul Wolfowitz
1199:
1194:
1189:
1187:Barber Conable
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1162:John J. McCloy
1159:
1153:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1115:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1076:
1068:
1067:
1038:
1013:
989:
965:
941:
926:"IFC in China"
917:
893:
868:
843:
815:
791:
764:
740:
716:
689:
661:
652:|journal=
622:
607:
580:
553:
537:taiwantoday.tw
521:
483:
458:
429:
397:
369:
368:
367:
366:
350:
347:
339:Doing Business
330:
327:
313:
310:
249:
246:
244:
241:
236:Gansu province
230:
227:
217:
214:
201:
198:
192:
189:
183:
180:
175:China Eximbank
146:
143:
124:United Nations
65:
62:
60:
57:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3246:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3100:Latin America
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2772:United States
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2636:
2634:
2629:
2627:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2606:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2343:Taiwan, China
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2273:Greater China
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:Organizations
2123:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1930:Guanbi policy
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1889:Straits Forum
1887:
1885:
1884:Ma–Xi meeting
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
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1740:
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1732:
1728:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1670:
1661:
1660:
1650:
1640:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
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1444:
1442:
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1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
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1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1223:David Malpass
1221:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
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2882:Saudi Arabia
2701:South Africa
2661:Burkina Faso
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2434:Pro-ROC camp
2233:China Circle
2060:Wang Liqiang
1651:
1571:South Africa
1380:
1212:Jim Yong Kim
1157:Eugene Meyer
1059:. Retrieved
1051:www.ciel.org
1050:
1041:
1030:. Retrieved
1028:. 2019-06-19
1025:
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1005:. Retrieved
1002:www.aiib.org
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978:www.aiib.org
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705:WBG Finances
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681:. Retrieved
679:. 2010-04-25
676:
643:cite journal
616:
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419:. 2011-09-14
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363:Banks portal
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3160:Visa policy
3110:Third World
3049:New Zealand
2983:Netherlands
2887:South Korea
2872:Philippines
2862:North Korea
2461:ECFA Debate
2358:Three Links
2094:Legislation
1576:South Korea
1541:Philippines
1336:Afghanistan
930:www.ifc.org
3218:Categories
3085:Arab World
2810:Bangladesh
2787:TAIPEI Act
2696:Somaliland
2353:Three Noes
2348:Two Chinas
1616:Uzbekistan
1586:Tajikistan
1461:Kazakhstan
1391:Costa Rica
1371:Cape Verde
1327:by country
1228:Ajay Banga
1149:Presidents
1103:World Bank
1061:2017-06-06
1032:2019-12-11
1007:2019-12-11
983:2019-12-11
959:2019-12-11
935:2019-12-02
911:2019-12-11
887:2019-12-11
863:World Bank
809:2019-12-11
785:2019-12-02
758:2019-12-02
753:World Bank
734:2019-12-11
729:World Bank
710:2019-12-02
683:2019-12-02
601:2019-12-02
596:World Bank
574:2019-12-02
569:World Bank
547:2021-05-24
515:2021-05-24
452:2019-12-10
447:World Bank
443:"Overview"
423:2017-06-06
391:2019-12-10
386:World Bank
349:References
335:WilmerHale
127:recognized
81:proclaimed
3145:in Taiwan
3090:Caribbean
3034:Australia
2968:Lithuania
2877:Singapore
2832:Indonesia
2820:Hong Kong
2794:Venezuela
2747:Guatemala
2717:Argentina
2283:One China
1968:Incidents
1908:Conflicts
1761:Diplomacy
1581:Sri Lanka
1566:Singapore
1516:Nicaragua
1441:Indonesia
1421:Guatemala
1346:Australia
1341:Argentina
1237:Elections
950:"History"
111:unclear.
85:retreated
3185:Passport
3039:Kiribati
3008:Slovakia
2948:Holy See
2892:Thailand
2867:Pakistan
2852:Mongolia
2847:Malaysia
2762:Paraguay
2710:Americas
2671:Eswatini
2550:Taishang
2263:Dang Guo
2221:Concepts
1626:Zimbabwe
1591:Tanzania
1531:Paraguay
1501:Mongolia
1486:Maldives
1481:Malaysia
1431:Honduras
1411:Ethiopia
1406:Djibouti
1386:Colombia
1366:Cambodia
1356:Botswana
1219:(acting)
1055:Archived
637:: 1–109.
541:Archived
506:Archived
97:acquired
3173:Related
3027:Oceania
3013:Ukraine
2943:Germany
2933:Finland
2928:Estonia
2923:Denmark
2902:Vietnam
2857:Myanmar
2402:Related
1957:Dispute
1667:
1621:Vietnam
1611:Uruguay
1606:Ukraine
1556:Senegal
1521:Nigeria
1511:Myanmar
1506:Morocco
1476:Lebanon
1451:Jamaica
1446:Ireland
1396:Croatia
1351:Belarus
1026:Reuters
804:NPR.org
677:Reuters
502:imf.org
87:to the
59:History
3080:Africa
3064:Tuvalu
3003:Sweden
2993:Russia
2988:Poland
2978:Norway
2963:Latvia
2958:Kosovo
2938:France
2911:Europe
2897:Turkey
2837:Israel
2757:Mexico
2732:Canada
2727:Brazil
2722:Belize
2686:Malawi
2676:Gambia
2654:Africa
1657:
1601:Uganda
1596:Turkey
1561:Serbia
1551:Russia
1546:Poland
1526:Panama
1496:Mexico
1416:France
1361:Brazil
300:, and
76:, the
3054:Palau
3044:Nauru
2998:Spain
2953:Italy
2842:Japan
2827:India
2815:China
2752:Haiti
2737:Chile
2681:Libya
1466:Kenya
1456:Japan
1436:India
1426:Haiti
1381:China
1376:Chile
859:(PDF)
838:(PDF)
509:(PDF)
498:(PDF)
474:(PDF)
323:Tibet
298:IsDBG
2803:Asia
2767:Peru
2666:Chad
1536:Peru
1491:Mali
1471:Laos
1309:2019
1304:2017
1299:2012
1294:2007
1289:2005
1284:1995
1279:1991
1274:1986
1269:1981
1264:1968
1259:1963
1254:1949
1249:1947
1244:1946
656:help
294:IAIC
290:IADB
282:EBRD
222:MIGA
302:NDB
286:EIB
278:EDB
274:ADB
270:ADF
266:ADB
163:SDR
95:it
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