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Chinelo tunic, mask and hat makers as well as competitions to determine best costume. In
Tlayacapan there are at least eight families that dedicated themselves full-time to making the gear. José Salazar Flores of Tepotzlán makes his living making nothing but Chinelo hats. These hats alone can cost anywhere from 12,000 to 30,000 pesos and take about forty days each. The hat is made from fabric with frame made from palm leaves. The costumes worn at previous Carnivals or other occasions can fetch up to 100,000 pesos from collectors.
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out of velvet. As the robes are extremely hot to dance in, dancers wear bandannas to prevent excessive sweating and dehydration. The
Chinelos costume of Tlayacapan is the closest to the original developed in the 19th century. The hat is broader, less embellished with only two or three large feathers. A patterned bandana tied around the head is worn underneath the hat. The tunic is a white robe of white or blue, which is generally not embroidered. The rectangular cape has an image of the
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193:. The hats have pre-Hispanic images and modern interpretations of ancient legends. In Tepotzlán, the tunic is made from black velvet and is completely smooth with the image on the back painted on, rather than stitched. The feather decoration in the hat is made of fabric. The hat became higher, straighter and more elaborate, with a black velvet tunic embroidered with sequins.
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The dance, literally called a “brincon” or “jump” is a set of repetitive steps. The choreography is very simple. With feet apart and knees slightly bent, the dancers take two shuffling steps, then leading with one shoulder or the other, take a small jump to the right or left. Dancers join in and drop
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The
Chinelo's masks are made of mesh and always feature an upturned beard and European features. It and the bandana wrapped around the head are essential in keeping Chinelos’ identities secret, something reinforced with the use of gloves on the hands. To further assure anonymity, costumes are closely
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Most traditionally, Chinelos dance for
Carnival, with events beginning as early as the last weekend of January and different towns take turns on the following weekends until Lent begins. The dances take place on the weekends between mid afternoon on Fridays until late evening on Sundays. The dancers
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out for longer events but the group dances as long as the band plays. Most
Chinelos dancers are young men as it is tiring and the costumes can be suffocating. The role of a Chinelo dancer is passed on from parents to children. On some occasions children dance on a different day than their parents.
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The
Chinelos costume consists of four main items: a long flowing robe which usually has a rectangular shape tunic, a mask, a large plumed hat, and gloves. The flowing robe and delicate decoration has an almost feminine appearance, making the dancers appear androgynous. These robes are usually made
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As the tradition spread and developed, especially in
Morelos, other towns and groups made distinctive changes to their Chinelos gear and today each town and troupe has its own distinctive elements. This began the process of making extremely elaborate costumes in some places. In Yautepec, the best
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The
Chinelo dancers are now a symbol of the state of Morelos, with the tradition increasing with more towns having dance troupes and it is possible to see troupes dancing at times other than Carnival. It is even possible to hire Chinelos dancers for special occasions. Chinelos are now part of the
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depending on the complexity of the decoration, the materials used and the time involved. For example, decorations done in beads is more expensive than those in sequins as the beads are smaller. A really elaborate costume can cost up to 2,000 or 400,000 pesos to make. There are now professional
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as native traditions and rites blended into
Christian festivals. One of these is Carnival, with its traditions of wearing masks, role reversal, anonymity and behaviors not normally tolerated. This dance developed as a mockery of the Europeans with their fine clothing, beards, fair skin and
63:, with its permission to be masked and to mock. Chinelos mock Europeans and European mannerisms from the colonial period up to the end of the 19th century. The Chinelos tradition is strongest in Morelos, especially around Carnival, but Chinelos now appear at other festivities such as
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mannerisms. The modern
Chinelos costume began to take shape from between the mid 19th century to the early 20th. The elaborate dress, gloved hands, uptilted beard and arrogant stance also makes fun of the salon dancing of the upper classes during the period of the
108:’s attempts to “Europeanize” Mexico at the end of the 19th century. The dance developed in the state of Morelos, part of the State of Mexico, part of the Federal District of Mexico City (generally in the south) and even as far as the municipality of
148:. The tradition in Taxco was more popular over a hundred years ago but it has waned. There is still one group with about forty members in a community called Landa. They can be seen associated with the festival associated with
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are always accompanied by a brass band. The music is most traditional at the Carnival of Tlayacapan, which also gave rise to the Banda de Musica Santa Maria de Tlayacapan, the best known musical group of Morelos.
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which made great fortunes for their owners, but left workers impoverished. Four large municipalities in the state, whose histories extend back to the pre-Hispanic period, are famous for their Chinelos:
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and are entirely covered in designs and images made from beads, sequins, ribbing and imitation precious stones. These decorative elements can be expensive such as quality beads imported from the
140:. The town of Tlayacapan is probably where the modern format for Chinelo dancing originated. The Chinelos here still perform in the former monastery’s extra large atrium during Carnival.
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Ricardo Diazmunoz; Maryell Ortiz de Zarate (March 23, 2003). "Encuentros con Mexico/ Donde nacieron los chinelos" [Encounters with Mexico/Where the Chinelos were born].
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The elaborate decorations have made the costumes expensive to make. Prices for making the outfit can range anywhere from 4,000 to 100,000
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481:[Niñopan, pilgrim of the neighborhoods of Xochimilco, Mexico City] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Mexico Desconocido magazine
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The dance became most developed in the state of Morelos, which in the 19th century was home to a number of sugar cane
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guarded and kept secret. Members of the troupe dress in different houses to add to the confusion.
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269:"Alistan los chinelos traje para carnaval" [Chinelos Prepare Costumes for Carnival].
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59:. The tradition arose from the blending of indigenous and Catholic traditions, most notably
116:. They are the best known Carnival dancers in Mexico with Morelos having the most groups.
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word "zineloquie" which means "disguised." The dance is one of many to develop after the
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are a kind of traditional costumed dancer which is popular in the Mexican state of
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Chinelos performing at the Expo de los Pueblos IndĂgenas in Mexico City
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348:[Dance of the Chinelos, a century-old tradition in Taxco].
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Traditional Tlayacapan Chinelos costume in the La Cereria Museum
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Chinelos in procession with the "Niñopa" image in Xochimilco
346:"Danza de los Chinelos, una tradiciĂłn centenaria en Taxco"
399:[Independence day with the Chinelos of Morelos].
273:(in Spanish). Mexico City. January 30, 2008. p. 20.
479:"Niñopan, peregrino en los barrios de Xochimilco, DF"
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Face of a Chinelos dancer in Xochimilco, Mexico City
397:"Fiestas patrias con los chinelos de Morelos"
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344:Raymundo Ruiz Avilés (September 19, 2011).
352:(in Spanish). Chilpancingo. Archived from
313:"Chinelo Dancers And The Original Hip Hop"
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395:Angélica Galicia (September 4, 2008).
384:(in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 12.
168:Mannequin dressed as a Chinelo at the
457:chineloschingonesworldwide.weebly.com
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311:Rhonda Tranks (January 1, 2006).
49:Federal District of Mexico City
453:"Chinelos Chingones Worldwide"
428:"Chinelos Chingones Worldwide"
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65:Independence Day celebrations
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432:Chinelos Chingones Worldwide
170:Palace of Cortés, Cuernavaca
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16:Traditional costumed dancer
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315:. Mexconnect newsletter.
350:La Jornada de Guerrero
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403:(in Spanish). Mexico
517:Carnivals in Mexico
507:Religion in Morelos
229:In the boroughs of
179:Virgin of Guadalupe
150:Our Lady of Sorrows
102:French intervention
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104:as well as
501:Categories
245:References
235:Xochimilco
231:Milpa Alta
146:Cuernavaca
126:Tlayacapan
57:Xochimilco
53:Milpa Alta
321:1028-9089
154:Candlemas
130:Tepoztlán
121:haciendas
459:. Weebly
160:Costumes
138:Jiutepec
134:Yautepec
114:Guerrero
61:Carnival
47:and the
37:Chinelos
463:6 March
437:6 March
382:Reforma
271:Reforma
93:Nahuatl
71:History
41:Morelos
485:May 7,
407:May 7,
360:May 7,
326:May 7,
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239:Niñopa
187:velvet
401:Terra
202:pesos
110:Taxco
487:2012
465:2015
439:2015
409:2012
362:2012
328:2012
317:ISSN
233:and
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