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Gillespie. Within a matter of months of Seise's arrival to the West Coast, the rush for gold in
California commenced which brought a flooding of prospective miners from around the globe. Among this group were Chinese, primarily from the Guangdong Province, most of whom were seafarers who had already established Western contacts. “Few women accompanied these early sojourners, many of whom expected to return from after they made their fortune.”
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568:. "In 1876, the Chinese were blamed as the source of the disease because of the unsanitary conditions of Chinatown." The area was unsanitary and overpopulated because the city's Chinese population was discriminated against, as Americans saw them as competition for work. This sentiment withheld services, such as access to healthcare or physicians, and property rights from the Chinese, causing them to cluster within Chinatown.
316:, which evolved out of the labor recruiting organizations for different areas of Guangdong province, was created as a means of providing a unified voice for the community. The heads of these companies were the leaders of the Chinese merchants, who represented the Chinese community in front of the business community as a whole and the city government. Numerous white citizens defended the Chinese community, among them Pastor
2721:
282:. Chinese immigrants would have to ride in the steerage where food was stored. Many were given rice bowls to eat during the voyage. In 1892, a federal law passed to ensure immigrants who were on board, needed a certificate. Due to tight arrangements, unhygienic situations and scarcity in food, this led to health degradation. Many immigrants were unable to board these voyages due to the
332:, greatly reduced the number of Chinese people allowed into the country and the city, and in theory limited Chinese immigration to single men only. Exceptions were granted to the families of wealthy merchants, but the law was still effective enough to reduce the population of the neighborhood to an all-time low in the 1920s. The neighborhood was completely destroyed in the
254:
geographical region deeded by the city government and private property owners which allowed
Chinese people to inherit and inhabit dwellings. The majority of these Chinese shopkeepers, restaurant owners, and hired workers in San Francisco Chinatown were predominantly Hoisanese and male . Many Chinese found jobs working for large companies, most famously as part of the
600:
Therefore, they decided to expand the dispensary to a modern hospital. In order to build the modern hospital they needed to make $ 200,000, so they began to have
Chinese pageants that helped to contribute the donations from the Chinese Americans and Americans. So, when they got they collected the $ 200,000, they finally got permission from the
301:, which resulted in local laws like one passed in April 1854 that sought to shut down "houses of ill-fame," not racialized in name but practically deployed to " out Mexican and Chinese houses of ill fame, starting with Charles Walden's Golden Rule House on Pacific Street and moving on to establishments run by Ah-Choo, C. Lossen, and Ah Yow."
297:“During the Gold Rush era, when Chinese men were a common sight in California, Chinese women were an oddity” and in urban spaces were rarely seen in public. Unlike the rural areas, Chinatown afforded few opportunities for women to come into contact with the larger society.” Simultaneously, Chinese women also participated in urban
599:
In 1906, due to the great earthquake in San
Francisco, the Tung Wah Dispensary was destroyed but was rebuilt in Trenton Alley. However, with the many injuries due to the natural disaster, a lot more Chinese patients needed medical attention, and the dispensary was beginning to overflow with patients.
576:
Before the
Chinese had any particular health care system for their community, all of them had to go through the following barriers: they had to walk a very long distance to receive any medical attention at a hospital, and they were denied coverage due to unaffordable rates of the services provided by
344:
immigration station in the San
Francisco Bay. To be permitted entry to the United States, thousands of mostly Chinese immigrants crossing the Pacific to San Francisco had to enter through the gauntlet of Angel Island, and were detained for months in a purgatory of isolation. Some spent years on the
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in Hong Kong, and it housed 25 beds, provided both western and
Chinese medicine, free or to low cost care to patients, and its staff was volunteers from the community and physicians from outside of the community. Of those physicians three were American physicians and the rest were Chinese American
546:, since 1963, is a non-profit, and the first organization established in the US to preserve, promote and present the history, heritage, culture and legacy of Chinese in America through exhibitions, education, and research; the Museum is located in San Francisco's original Chinatown on Clay Street.
559:
According to "Handbook of Asian
American Health" by Grace J. Yoo, the late 19th century was a period of major epidemics in San Francisco, which included outbreaks such as the bubonic plague, smallpox, and cholera. These diseases were commonly found among the poor and working classes. At the time,
577:
the hospitals. Instead most
Chinese relied on "folk healer" than on western medicine. The "Folk Healers" were those that provided Chinese traditional medicine to the Chinese community in San Francisco Chinatown. Therefore, many Chinese did not bother to go to the hospital unless it was a crisis.
269:
Although many of the earlier waves of
Chinese immigration were predominantly men searching for jobs, Chinese women also began making the journey towards the United States. The first known Chinese woman to immigrate was Marie Seise who arrived in 1848 and worked in the household of Charles V.
253:
The Chinese arriving in San Francisco, primarily from the Taishan and Zhongshan regions as well as Guangdong province of mainland China, did so at the height of the California Gold Rush, and many worked in the mines scattered throughout the northern part of the state. Chinatown was the one
608:(東華醫院) in the San Francisco Chinatown was established. It is the only Chinese-language hospital in the United States. The Asian Aids Project (AAP) was started in the 1987, it is made to help them fight the AIDS epidemic in the Asian Community including the Chinese Americans.
273:
Although the oceanic voyage to the United States offered new and exciting opportunities, dangers also loomed for women while traveling and many were discouraged from making the trip due to the harsh living conditions. Oceanic voyages with Chinese immigrants boarded the
409:
minority in the neighborhood. Informal Chinatowns have emerged on Irving Street between 19th Avenue and 26th Avenue as well as on the commercial sections of Taraval Street and Noriega Street west of 19th Avenue. About half of the Sunset District's residents are
366:
immigrants began arriving in Chinatown in large numbers in the 1960s, and despite their status and professions in Hong Kong, had to find low-paying employment in restaurants and garment factories in Chinatown because of limited English fluency. An increase in
789:
The Chinese New Year Parade in San Francisco is held on every Chinese New Year's, and is celebrated in Chinatown. It is the largest Chinese New Year event in North America. The Taiwanese American Cultural Festival, started in 1993, is held in
353:, in recognition of the important role of China as an ally in the war, although tight quotas still applied. The Chinatown Squad was finally disbanded in August 1955 by police chief George Healey, upon the request of the influential
585:
The first medical care place in San Francisco Chinatown was the Tung Wah Dispensary. It was provided by the Chinese Six Companies, and it was built in 1900 on 828 Sacramento Street. The dispensary was named after the
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subgroup in San Francisco. San Francisco has the highest percentage of residents of Chinese descent of any major U.S. city, and the second largest Chinese American population, after
133:
308:, racial tensions in the city boiled over into full blown race riots. Like much of San Francisco during these times, a period of criminality ensued in some Chinese gangs known as
1796:
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2601:
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whose numerous letters appeared in the local press. By the early 1880s, the population had adopted the term Tong war to describe periods of violence in Chinatown, the
259:
1128:
97:
57:
2403:
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2013:
1934:
1852:
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675:, Cumberland Chinese School, North Valley Chinese School, Mei Jia Chinese Learning Center, and Alice Fong Yu Alternative School are located in San Francisco.
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of 1892 which blocked the reunion of immigrants in America with their families not with them. Many diseases found through these voyages were Hookworm
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1827:
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of 1882 – the first immigration restriction law aimed at a single ethnic group. This law, along with other immigration restriction laws such as the
77:
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1969:
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312:, which were onto smuggling, gambling and prostitution. In response to the violence, the Consolidated Chinese Benevolent Association or the
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82:
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Children of Chinatown: Growing Up Chinese American in San Francisco, 1850–1920: Growing Up Chinese American in San Francisco, 1850–1920
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had established its so-called Chinatown Squad. The anti-immigrant sentiment became law as the United States Government passed the
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87:
62:
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741:(星島日報) has an office in San Francisco. East West, The Chinese American Journal folded in 1989. The Chinese-American newspaper
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is located in Palo Alto, and has classes teaching both Mandarin and Cantonese. The Shoong Family Chinese Cultural Center in
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26:
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951:
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903:
791:
587:
1160:
1079:"SFCentric History: Marie Seise, the First Chinese Woman in San Francisco - Broke Ass Stuart's San Francisco Website"
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physicians who helped with the Chinese medicine and translating from Chinese to English for the American physicians.
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2000:
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1990:
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340:, was appointed in 1921 and served for two decades. From 1910 to 1940, Chinese immigrants were detained at the
233:, although there is a sizable population of ethnic Chinese with ancestry from other parts of mainland China and
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2153:
1995:
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809:
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262:. Other early immigrants worked as mine workers or independent prospectors hoping to strike it rich during the
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182:
1235:
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in western San Francisco, a demographic shift began in the late 1960s and accelerated from the 1980s as Asian
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to other neighborhoods and outlying suburban areas, although there is still a significant Irish American and
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1259:"Coast Chinatown loses tie to past; San Francisco Police Detail, Started in Days of Tong, Passes Tomorrow"
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newspaper, which had editorialized that the squad was an "affront to Americans of Chinese descent".
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EXCEPTIONAL VISIONS: CHINESENESS, CITIZENSHIP, AND THE ARCHITECTURES OF COMMUNITY IN SILICON VALLEY
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to build the Hospital, and in two years the construction was in underway. By April 18, 1925 the
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564:, or the spreading of disease due to "breathing sick air", rather than the now widely accepted
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1974:
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1939:
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519:
458:
287:
1189:
Arresting Dress: Cross-Dressing, Law, and Fascination in Nineteenth-Century San Francisco
1026:
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that leveled most of the city. One of the more successful sergeants of Chinatown Squad,
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2006:
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1964:
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535:, a community-based, non-profit organization, is located between Chinatown and the
462:
402:
350:
346:
107:
1397:"English-Speaking News Director Who Built SF's Chinese-Language Station Retiring"
1045:
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963:
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329:
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230:
1614:
Unsubmissive Women: Chinese Prostitutes in Nineteenth Century San Francisco
1588:
The Chinese in San Francisco and the Mining Region of California, 1848–1858
345:
island waiting for entry to the U.S. The exclusion act was repealed during
249:
The Gateway Arch (Dragon Gate) on Grant Avenue at Bush Street in Chinatown.
1686:
1027:"History of San Francisco's Chinatown - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com"
1381:
939:
933:
909:
887:
857:
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702:
691:
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1652:
Unbound Voices: A Documentary History of Chinese Women in San Francisco
1401:
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to San Francisco increased dramatically. Much of the original, largely
214:
735:) has a branch office in San Francisco. The Hong Kong-based newspaper
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831:
234:
52:
1595:
Contagious Divides: Epidemics and Race in San Francisco's Chinatown
1361:
658:
650:
438:
244:
226:
2699:
List of U.S. cities with significant Chinese-American populations
954:, basketball player, who a playground in Chinatown is named after
705:
and San Jose Chinese school both serve the greater San Jose area.
1633:
Unbound Feet: A Social History of Chinese Women in San Francisco
754:
1690:
1143:"On the Water - Ocean Crossings, 1870-1969: Liners to America"
615:
1790:
U.S. immigration policy toward the People's Republic of China
221:. San Francisco's Chinese community has ancestry mainly from
1507:
Chinese San Francisco, 1850–1943: A Trans-Pacific Community
757:
serves as a Chinese-language television broadcast station.
1676:
1236:"Angel Island: Haunting history in the middle of S.F. Bay"
375:
and Guangdong has gradually led to the replacement of the
1016:. Thursday March 22, 2012. Retrieved on February 6, 2014.
663:
Chinese Education Center Elementary School (舊金山的華人教育中心小學)
379:(Hoisanese) dialect with the standard Cantonese dialect.
197:
was of Chinese descent, and there were at least 150,000
725:
The New York-based but worldwide-distributed newspaper
632:
708:
The Redwood Empire Chinese Center's Chinese school in
2709:
1177:
Easton, Pa., American academy of medicine Press, 1913
690:
serves as the premier Chinese-language school in the
1797:
One Hundred Years: History of the Chinese in America
985:"Asian population swells in Bay Area, state, nation"
449:-speaking group) reside in the South Area cities of
2686:
2650:
2567:
2520:
2451:
2087:
1983:
1927:
1916:
1805:
1775:
1724:
522:, a Chinese shopping center in Milpitas, California
181:
171:
166:
154:
1100:
1008:Asian population swells in Bay Area, state, nation
418:. The immigrants in the Sunset District were both
2602:Chinese Historical Society of Southern California
1191:. Durham: Duke University Press. pp. 45–46.
595:Natural disaster led to the first modern hospital
213:is 7.9% Chinese American, with many residents in
694:, and Contra Costa Chinese School is located in
304:With national unemployment in the wake of the
2014:Attack on Squak Valley Chinese laborers, 1885
1702:
1103:Chinese Women of America: A Pictorial History
127:
8:
1423:"South Bay -- SFO Int'l Airport Bus Service"
429:With the rise of the technology industry in
149:
2597:Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association
1677:Chinese American Voters Education Committee
581:First medical facility: Tung Wah Dispensary
2097:
2093:
1924:
1802:
1709:
1695:
1687:
1161:"HISTORY - PACIFIC MAIL STEAMSHIP COMPANY"
1127:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
148:
134:
120:
17:
2788:Chinese-American culture in San Francisco
1538:
1590:. Dominican College of San Rafael, 1979.
2716:
1970:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
1350:. New York: Springer. pp. 357–358.
1257:Davies, Lawerence E. (August 7, 1955).
1002:
1000:
998:
976:
499:Noriega Street Chinatown, San Francisco
487:Clement Street Chinatown, San Francisco
201:residents. The Chinese are the largest
193:As of 2012, 21.4% of the population in
27:Ethnicity in the San Francisco Bay Area
25:
2617:Chinese Staff and Workers' Association
1120:
493:Irving Street Chinatown, San Francisco
2577:List of Chinese American associations
2544:Chinese Historical Society of America
1305:
1303:
673:Chinese American International School
544:Chinese Historical Society of America
7:
2793:Chinese-American history by location
1094:
1092:
1047:Northern California History Weekends
655:Chinese School, San Francisco (中華學校)
167:Regions with significant populations
1597:(Volume 7 of American crossroads).
1286:. New York: Springer. p. 355.
771:San Francisco International Airport
701:The North Valley Chinese School in
2582:Chinese American Citizens Alliance
1573:University of North Carolina Press
1314:. New York: Springer. p. 356.
602:San Francisco Board of Supervisors
572:Struggles to establish health care
445:. Many of them (particularly the
280:Canadian Pacific Steamship Company
150:Chinese Americans in San Francisco
14:
2632:Organization of Chinese Americans
1550:Life in San Francisco's Chinatown
1348:Handbook of Asian American Health
1312:Handbook of Asian American Health
1284:Handbook of Asian American Health
765:Previously the Taiwanese airline
505:Chinatowns around San Francisco:
290:which contributed greatly to the
2755:
2743:
2731:
2719:
2057:Pacific Coast race riots of 1907
1425:. China Airlines. Archived from
619:
1395:Marszalek, Diana (2016-12-16).
1213:"CHINESE IMMIGRATION TO THE US"
862:San Francisco Police Department
841:San Francisco Police Department
515:Chinatown, San Jose, California
322:San Francisco Police Department
2778:Ethnic groups in San Francisco
2622:Chinese for Affirmative Action
2549:Kam Wah Chung & Co. Museum
1681:Huáyì Xuǎnmín Jiàoyùwěiyuánhuì
1656:University of California Press
1637:University of California Press
1599:University of California Press
606:San Francisco Chinese Hospital
276:Pacific Mail Steamship Company
1:
2607:Chinese Society Halls on Maui
2050:United States v. Wong Kim Ark
1234:McManis, Sam (July 8, 2013).
1044:Lee Foster (1 October 2001).
477:Chinatowns in San Francisco:
2528:Museum of Chinese in America
1618:University of Oklahoma Press
1525:Chung, Brian Su-jen (2011).
1050:. Globe Pequot. p. 13.
1328:. SanFranciscoChinatown.com
904:American Airlines Flight 11
792:Union Square, San Francisco
588:Tung Wah Group of Hospitals
2809:
2539:Chinese American Museum DC
2001:San Francisco riot of 1877
1215:. GoldenAdventureMovie.com
869:, actor, born in Chinatown
371:-speaking immigrants from
162:21.4% of total pop. (2014)
2694:List of Chinese Americans
2663:United International Bank
2100:
2096:
1991:1867 Chinese Labor Strike
1511:Stanford University Press
1459:"Chinese New Year Parade"
416:Chinese birth and descent
401:population of the Sunset
260:Transcontinental Railroad
159:
2783:History of San Francisco
2592:Chinese Community Centre
2462:American Chinese cuisine
2338:Providence, Rhode Island
1996:Chinese massacre of 1871
1935:Anti-Chinese legislation
1785:Chinese American history
810:Raymond Chow Kwok Cheung
747:(世界日報) has an office in
684:Palo Alto Chinese School
501:, the "Fourth Chinatown"
489:, the "Second Chinatown"
482:Chinatown, San Francisco
2587:Chinese American church
2533:Chinese American Museum
2370:San Francisco Chinatown
2068:Killing of Vincent Chin
1955:Immigration Act of 1924
1718:Chinese American topics
1548:Isaacs, Sally Senzell.
1461:. SanFranciscoChinatown
1013:San Francisco Chronicle
495:, the "Third Chinatown"
433:, many immigrants from
2750:San Francisco Bay Area
2470:American Chinese films
2248:Montville, Connecticut
2074:Killing of Akai Gurley
1531:University of Michigan
1147:americanhistory.si.edu
877:Mayor of San Francisco
679:Around San Francisco:
664:
656:
533:Chinese Culture Center
384:Golden Dragon massacre
250:
2043:Hells Canyon Massacre
2019:Rock Springs massacre
1945:Chinese Exclusion Act
1737:American-born Chinese
1650:Yung, Judy (editor).
1187:Sears, Clare (2015).
952:Willie "Woo Woo" Wong
912:, community organizer
662:
654:
560:many believed in the
527:Cultural institutions
326:Chinese Exclusion Act
314:Chinese Six Companies
248:
98:Hispanics and Latinos
2668:Global Commerce Bank
2642:Hip Sing Association
2030:Seattle riot of 1886
1567:Jorae, Wendy Rouse.
1481:"About the Festival"
1238:. The Sacramento Bee
1165:www.earlofcruise.com
555:Prior to health care
264:California gold rush
2612:Ying On Association
2512:Chinatown bus lines
2504:Confucius Institute
2428:Rockville, Maryland
2416:Spokane, Washington
2025:Tacoma riot of 1885
1767:Hyphenated American
1762:Hong Kong Americans
1346:Yoo, Grace (2013).
1310:Yoo, Grace (2013).
1282:Yoo, Grace (2013).
1201:– via Zotero.
1099:Yung, Judy (1987).
362:Many working-class
151:
21:Part of a series on
2435:Winnemucca, Nevada
2227:San Gabriel Valley
2146:West Argyle Street
2036:Yick Wo v. Hopkins
1901:Washington State (
1679:(CAVEC; 華裔選民教育委員會
1620:, August 1, 2000.
1445:2014-02-18 at the
1326:"Chinese Hospital"
1263:The New York Times
1149:. 9 February 2021.
1083:brokeassstuart.com
860:, former Chief of
839:, former Chief of
769:operated a bus to
667:In San Francisco:
665:
657:
631:. You can help by
539:in San Francisco.
537:Financial District
510:Chinatown, Oakland
443:San Francisco Area
386:occurred in 1977.
251:
223:Guangdong province
219:Santa Clara County
211:San Francisco Area
88:White and European
2707:
2706:
2478:Chinaman's chance
2447:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2380:Richmond District
2364:San Francisco Bay
2241:North Miami Beach
2215:Locke, California
2168:Dallas-Fort Worth
2083:
2082:
1912:
1911:
1890:Dallas-Fort Worth
1860:Mississippi Delta
1732:Chinese Americans
1554:Heinemann Library
1293:978-1-4614-2227-3
1198:978-0-8223-5758-2
1107:. United States.
1057:978-0-7627-1076-8
1033:. 21 August 2018.
649:
648:
364:Hong Kong Chinese
191:
190:
144:
143:
42:African Americans
36:African Americans
2800:
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2758:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2715:
2627:Committee of 100
2554:Wing Luke Museum
2422:Washington, D.C.
2333:Portland, Oregon
2098:
2094:
2062:Bellingham riots
1975:China Initiative
1925:
1803:
1747:Fuzhou Americans
1711:
1704:
1697:
1688:
1666:, 9780520922877.
1647:, 9780520915350.
1628:, 9780806132846.
1609:, 9780520226296.
1583:, 9780807898581.
1564:, 9781403405241.
1544:
1542:
1540:10.1.1.1022.2303
1521:, 9780804745505.
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1483:. TAFestival.org
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1222:
1220:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1118:
1106:
1096:
1087:
1086:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1023:
1017:
1004:
993:
992:
991:. 22 March 2012.
981:
906:flight attendant
822:Sandra Lee Fewer
644:
641:
623:
616:
199:Chinese American
155:Total population
152:
136:
129:
122:
53:Native Americans
18:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2756:
2754:
2744:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2720:
2718:
2710:
2708:
2703:
2682:
2646:
2563:
2516:
2439:
2385:Sunset District
2328:Portland, Maine
2079:
1979:
1940:Anti-Coolie Act
1919:
1908:
1844:Massachusetts (
1801:
1771:
1757:Hoklo Americans
1752:Hakka Americans
1720:
1715:
1673:
1524:
1502:
1500:Further reading
1497:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1464:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1447:Wayback Machine
1440:Chinese version
1432:
1430:
1421:
1420:
1416:
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1393:
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1309:
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1276:
1267:
1265:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1241:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1199:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1119:
1115:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1006:Fagan, Kevin. "
1005:
996:
983:
982:
978:
973:
828:Edsel Ford Fong
800:
787:
785:Cultural events
781:in California.
763:
723:
645:
639:
636:
629:needs expansion
614:
597:
583:
574:
557:
552:
529:
520:Milpitas Square
475:
391:Sunset District
334:1906 earthquake
288:Yersinia pestis
256:Central Pacific
243:
161:
147:
140:
38:(San Francisco)
12:
11:
5:
2806:
2804:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2752:
2740:
2728:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2673:East West Bank
2670:
2665:
2660:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2637:Bing Kong Tong
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2573:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2559:Wo Hing Museum
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2508:Transportation
2506:
2501:
2499:Chinese school
2496:
2493:
2488:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2472:
2467:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2418:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2398:Seattle-Tacoma
2394:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2360:
2355:
2353:Salt Lake City
2350:
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2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2297:
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2286:
2274:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2250:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2101:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2054:
2046:
2040:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2011:
2007:Tape v. Hurley
2003:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1931:
1929:
1922:
1920:discrimination
1914:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1882:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
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1835:
1830:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1809:
1807:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1781:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1742:Asian American
1739:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1725:Related groups
1722:
1721:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1672:
1671:External links
1669:
1668:
1667:
1648:
1629:
1612:Tong, Benson.
1610:
1591:
1586:Lim, Roger T.
1584:
1565:
1546:
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1498:
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1472:
1450:
1414:
1387:
1373:
1362:"API Wellness"
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994:
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937:
936:, screenwriter
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843:
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798:Notable people
796:
786:
783:
767:China Airlines
762:
761:Transportation
759:
738:Sing Tao Daily
722:
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435:Mainland China
431:Silicon Valley
412:Asian American
399:Irish American
318:Franklin Rhoda
292:Bubonic plague
242:
239:
203:Asian American
189:
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2762:United States
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2569:Organizations
2566:
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2550:
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2535:(Los Angeles)
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2510:
2507:
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2419:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
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2400:
2399:
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2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
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2361:
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2344:
2343:Salem, Oregon
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2321:Squirrel Hill
2319:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2301:Oklahoma City
2299:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2278:New York City
2275:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2249:
2246:
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2239:
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2237:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2203:East Downtown
2201:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2158:
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2156:
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2151:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2137:
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2111:
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2038:
2037:
2033:
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2017:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2002:
1999:
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1994:
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1874:New York City
1871:
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1858:Mississippi (
1857:
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1836:
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1831:
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1826:
1822:
1821:San Francisco
1819:
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1615:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1593:Shah, Nayan.
1592:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
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1512:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1429:on 2013-05-31
1428:
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1388:
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1116:
1114:0-295-96357-3
1110:
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882:Walter U. Lum
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744:World Journal
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696:Pleasant Hill
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689:
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681:
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669:
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661:
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643:
634:
630:
627:This section
625:
622:
618:
617:
611:
609:
607:
603:
594:
592:
589:
580:
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571:
569:
567:
563:
562:miasma theory
554:
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468:
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452:
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441:moved to the
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356:Chinese World
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306:Panic of 1873
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207:New York City
204:
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195:San Francisco
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2362:
2306:Philadelphia
2276:
2252:
2233:
2219:
2195:
2166:
2152:
2138:
2124:
2048:
2034:
2005:
1965:Magnuson Act
1918:Anti-Chinese
1680:
1651:
1632:
1631:Yung, Judy.
1613:
1594:
1587:
1568:
1549:
1545:- PhD thesis
1526:
1506:
1505:Chen, Yong.
1485:. Retrieved
1475:
1463:. Retrieved
1453:
1431:. Retrieved
1427:the original
1417:
1406:. Retrieved
1400:
1390:
1376:
1365:. Retrieved
1356:
1347:
1341:
1330:. Retrieved
1320:
1311:
1283:
1277:
1266:. Retrieved
1262:
1252:
1242:February 24,
1240:. Retrieved
1229:
1217:. Retrieved
1207:
1188:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1102:
1082:
1073:
1061:. Retrieved
1046:
1039:
1030:
1021:
1011:
988:
979:
966:, politician
960:, politician
930:, politician
924:, politician
896:, politician
890:, politician
854:, politician
837:Heather Fong
830:, waiter at
824:, politician
818:, politician
804:Francis Chan
788:
764:
753:
742:
736:
726:
724:
678:
666:
637:
633:adding to it
628:
598:
584:
575:
558:
541:
530:
504:
476:
428:
414:, mostly of
388:
381:
361:
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351:Magnuson Act
347:World War II
342:Angel Island
303:
296:
272:
268:
252:
192:
146:Ethnic group
15:
2658:Cathay Bank
2474:Terminology
2272:New Orleans
2221:Los Angeles
1928:Legislation
1880:Puerto Rico
1816:Los Angeles
1812:California
1806:by location
1063:26 December
1031:HISTORY.com
946:Martin Wong
848:, kickboxer
794:every May.
728:Epoch Times
712:serves the
566:germ theory
459:Santa Clara
426:-speaking.
395:immigration
338:Jack Manion
2772:Categories
2726:California
2316:Pittsburgh
2254:New Jersey
2174:Richardson
2089:Chinatowns
1872:New York (
1865:Missouri (
1851:Michigan (
1837:Illinois (
1664:0520922875
1645:0520915356
1626:0806132841
1607:0520226291
1581:0807898589
1562:1403405247
1519:0804745501
1433:2012-11-20
1408:2020-08-11
1367:2017-11-10
1332:2012-03-31
1268:2009-10-30
989:sfgate.com
971:References
964:Norman Yee
958:Leland Yee
942:, comedian
894:Gordon Mar
884:, activist
816:Carmen Chu
812:, criminal
806:, preacher
710:Santa Rosa
640:April 2015
550:Healthcare
377:Taishanese
349:under the
44:(East Bay)
2495:Education
2491:Love boat
2483:Jook-sing
2358:San Diego
2348:St. Louis
2284:Manhattan
2210:Las Vegas
2154:Cleveland
2115:Baltimore
1960:Cable Act
1950:Geary Act
1867:St. Louis
1535:CiteSeerX
1487:April 13,
1465:March 21,
1219:April 14,
1123:cite book
928:Phil Ting
922:Katy Tang
900:Betty Ong
875:, former
867:Bruce Lee
846:Alex Gong
779:Cupertino
714:North Bay
692:East Area
612:Education
473:Geography
455:Sunnyvale
451:Cupertino
424:Cantonese
373:Hong Kong
369:Cantonese
330:Geary Act
284:Geary Act
237:as well.
231:Hong Kong
183:Chinatown
73:Filipinos
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1658:, 1999.
1639:, 1995.
1601:, 2001.
1575:, 2009.
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940:Ali Wong
934:Alex Tse
918:, author
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888:Eric Mar
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703:Milpitas
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420:Mandarin
299:sex work
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2521:Museums
2452:Culture
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2375:Oakland
2311:Phoenix
2235:Florida
2197:Houston
2186:Detroit
2140:Chicago
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1903:Seattle
1895:Houston
1853:Detroit
1839:Chicago
1777:History
1402:Next TV
1382:"世界新聞網"
916:Amy Tan
688:Oakland
467:Fremont
389:In the
258:on the
241:History
215:Oakland
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177:40,000+
93:Russian
68:Chinese
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2678:Others
2487:Events
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2294:Queens
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2181:Denver
2132:Quincy
2126:Boston
2110:Austin
2076:(2016)
2070:(1982)
2064:(1907)
2053:(1898)
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2466:Film
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1660:ISBN
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