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In 1941, the Gung Ho movement reached its peak: around 3,000 cooperatives with a combined membership of nearly 300,000 people were functioning. Their factories produced more than 500 products for the local people, and a large number of blankets, uniforms and other army supplies for the battlefront.
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was appointed as secretary general. Rev. Dr. Walter Brooks Foley, pastor of Union Church of Manila, Philippines, serve on the international committee, along with leading
Chinese businessmen in Manila Dee C. Chuan, Alfonso Sycip, and Yu Khe thai. Foley became president of the Philippine Association
346:. The ICCIC's General Assembly of all members meets every five years. The executive board elected by the Assembly is responsible for decision-making on major issues according to its articles of association during the adjournment of the Assembly. A secretariat is set up to handle day-to-day work.
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The movement aimed to organize unemployed workers and refugees, increasing production to support the war effort. The goal was to replace industrial capacity lost to bombing by dispersing and giving workers voting shares in their CICs. The CICA organized small scale self-supporting
282:(1950). Peck traveled with Alley to a number of CICs early in 1941 and was able to see them at their height, but as his experience grew he came to understand their limitations and the fact that their course was ultimately downwards, not upwards, for a variety of reasons.
305:
The main task of the revived ICCIC is the promotion of cooperatives in China. Membership is open to all individuals and organizations who support the cooperative movement. The committee has approximately 100 members from China,
89:
The movement was especially active in the 1930s and 1940s with support from both left and right wings of
Chinese politics. The movement disappeared after the 1950s after the establishment of the
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Ida Pruitt toured the United States to raise substantial financial support. The unique role of Gung Ho cooperatives in the war also won such international acclaim that the term "
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The CICA was revived in 1983, and the ICCIC was revived in 1987 in
Beijing by Alley and other former Gung Ho leaders. The reorganized ICCIC registered with the
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275:. After Mao's victory in 1949 Alley stayed in China, but there was no need for the CICA and ICCIC. Both CICA and ICCIC suspended their works in 1952.
54:(1937- 1945) to support China's war effort by organizing small-scale grassroots industrial and economic development. The movement was led through the
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156:'to work together') movement was first initiated in Shanghai in 1937. Some of the principal organizers were
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244:. Adopting the literal meanings of the two characters separately as "work" and "together", the slogan entered the
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397:"The long march of Chinese co-operatives: towards market economy, participation and sustainable development"
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government, but CICA and ICCIC were revived in the 1980s and are still active in the twenty-first century.
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In the
English-speaking world, the industrial cooperatives’ best known legacy is the term "
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188:). In August 1938, the CICA was established. It was founded in the wartime capital
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was elected honorary chair and the
Anglican Bishop of Hong Kong, the Right Rev.
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554:"International Committee for the Promotion of Chinese Industrial Co-operatives"
581:. International Committee for the Promotion of Chinese Industrial Cooperatives
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66:) founded in 1938 by foreign and Chinese activists. Its international arm the
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International
Committee for the Promotion of Chinese Industrial Cooperatives
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International
Committee for the Promotion of Chinese Industrial Cooperatives
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of People's
Republic of China as an international non-profit organization.
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government. In 1942, Alley was dismissed from Gung Ho by the government of
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at the Rare Book and
Manuscript Library, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Barnett, Robert W. (1940). "China's
Industrial Cooperatives on Trial".
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supported the movement and tried to control it. Alley placated the
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as a term denoting whole-hearted dedication to a meaningful cause.
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An excellent discussion of the CICs appears in Graham Peck's book
215:
In January 1939, the international arm ICCIC was established in
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but his sympathies and eventual loyalties were to the emerging
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Staff (1941). "Chinese Industrial Cooperatives Marking Time".
604:. University of Washington Press. 1950. Archived from
50:) were organisations established in China during the
302:) was elected as honorary chair and Alley as chair.
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448:. New Zealand China Friendship Society. 2010-01-19
657:China's American Daughter: Ida Pruitt (1888-1985)
395:Bernardi, Andrea; Miani, Mattia (2014-07-03).
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376:History of the cooperative movement in China
21:History of the cooperative movement in China
472:(London; New York: Routledge Curzon, 2002,
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1187:ICA Statement on the Cooperative Identity
660:. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press.
470:Friend of China: The Myth of Rewi Alley
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204:supplied government financial support.
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1365:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
558:New Zealand China Friendship Society
232:of Chinese Industrial Cooperatives.
1404:History of the cooperative movement
875:International Co-operative Alliance
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1450:Organizations established in 1938
737:Albert F. Moe (1967) "Gung Ho",
732:Inventory of Rewi Alley’s Papers
240:" became a famous slogan of the
741:. The American Dialect Society.
194:War of Resistance Against Japan
76:Gung Ho International Committee
26:Chinese Industrial Cooperatives
1257:Socially responsible investing
259:and the Communist movement of
192:when China was engaged in the
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880:Cooperative wholesale society
196:. Through the sponsorship of
124:'to work together').
74:, also known by the nickname
1303:Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen
1056:Health insurance cooperative
919:Savings and loan association
746:"China Through Western Eyes"
492:Rewi Alley: an autobiography
416:10.1080/13602381.2014.931044
404:Asia Pacific Business Review
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91:People's Republic of China
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78:) was founded in 1939 in
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340:United States of America
52:Second Sino-Japanese War
654:King, Marjorie (2006).
579:"Introduction of ICCIC"
200:, Finance Minister Dr.
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1207:Co-operative economics
725:ICCIC official website
253:Nationalist government
198:Madame Chiang Kai-shek
1430:Cooperatives in China
1025:Community wind energy
821:Primary cooperative (
227:to be chair, and Dr.
19:Further information:
792:mutual organizations
751:Indusco Inc. records
608:on October 23, 2008.
490:Alley, Rewi (1997).
1182:Rochdale Principles
1129:Agent-owned company
914:Mutual savings bank
494:. New World Press.
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1262:Solidarity economy
1222:Economic democracy
987:Collective farming
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626:Far Eastern Survey
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1308:David Schweickart
1247:Social enterprise
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601:Two Kinds of Time
501:978-7-80005-344-3
371:Industry of China
361:Helen Foster Snow
280:Two Kinds of Time
242:U.S. Marine Corps
166:Helen Foster Snow
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712:. 22 April 1940.
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1217:Distributism
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979:Agricultural
909:Credit union
788:Cooperatives
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633:(5): 51–56.
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606:the original
600:
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583:. Retrieved
573:
562:. Retrieved
560:. 2010-01-19
557:
532:. Retrieved
527:
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469:
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450:. Retrieved
446:"Rewi Alley"
440:
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265:Nationalists
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210:cooperatives
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16:Organization
1298:Robert Owen
962:egalitarian
82:to promote
1424:Categories
1002:Wheat pool
997:Winemaking
893:By product
862:Federation
847:Purchasing
617:References
585:2009-03-17
564:2010-10-31
534:2010-10-31
452:2010-10-31
296:Zhu Xuefan
261:Mao Zedong
202:H. H. Kung
182:Sha Qianli
170:Ida Pruitt
162:Edgar Snow
158:Rewi Alley
86:in China.
1327:By region
1252:Socialism
1232:Mutualism
1089:Recycling
1049:Insurance
1040:Broadband
1035:Telephone
947:Cohousing
530:. Beijing
480:): 30-31.
432:154466030
424:1360-2381
344:Hong Kong
332:Singapore
308:Australia
269:Communist
251:Both the
217:Hong Kong
80:Hong Kong
1373:(Canada)
1367:(Canada)
1175:Identity
1094:Platform
1030:Electric
942:Building
852:Retailer
832:Consumer
510:48776431
350:See also
174:Hu Yuzhi
1339:Ukraine
1242:Owenism
1135:Stokvel
1012:Utility
967:commune
934:Housing
901:Banking
697:3021915
647:3022292
366:Gung-ho
316:Belgium
312:Germany
286:Revival
238:gung-ho
168:), and
134:Chinese
128:History
102:Chinese
98:gung-ho
64:Indusco
30:Chinese
1334:Canada
1165:Topics
837:Worker
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664:
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498:
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342:, and
338:, the
334:, the
328:Mexico
320:France
219:. Ms.
190:Hankow
180:) and
147:gōnghé
144::
142:pinyin
136::
115:gōnghé
112::
110:pinyin
104::
40::
38:pinyin
32::
1409:.coop
1142:Artel
1117:Other
1099:Media
1070:Other
693:JSTOR
643:JSTOR
428:S2CID
400:(PDF)
382:Notes
324:Japan
72:ICCIC
34:工業合作社
1379:(UK)
1082:list
1077:Food
1016:list
866:list
841:list
823:list
790:and
709:Time
662:ISBN
506:OCLC
496:ISBN
474:ISBN
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