1947:
5792:
5041:
304:
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1957:
6199:
5003:
219:
5799:
67:
1930:
55:
5727:
5737:
6145:
283:
3780:
The reply is a request for a specific case. Its legal binding force is limited to the case itself and does not have universal legal effect. In other cases, the judge cannot directly use the above reply as the basis for the judgment. For documents that have universal effectiveness and guide courts at
3753:
The
Supreme People's Court exercises its original jurisdiction over cases placed with the court by laws and regulations and those the court deems within its jurisdiction. It is generally selective in the matters it hears, focusing on those with the potential to impact future similar cases. It also
3731:
As part of an effort to build judicial credibility through more effective enforcement of court orders, the SPC in 2013 promulgated a blacklist composed of
Chinese citizens and companies that refuse to comply with court orders (typically court orders to pay a fine or to repay a loan) despite having
483:
3963:
3712:. The independent power of adjudicate cases returned to the constitution with the 1982 amendment, which explicitly states the courts' right of adjudication cannot be influenced by administrative organs, social organizations and individuals.
3673:
The
Supreme People's Court was established on 22 October 1949 and began operating in November 1950. At least four members of the first court leadership did not come from a legal background, and most of its first staff were assigned from the
3342:
1908:
2325:
1356:
2024:
2354:
3727:
to require all death sentences to be approved by the
Supreme People's Court on 31 October 2006. A 2008 report stated that since the new review process, the court has rejected 15 percent of the death sentences decided by lower courts.
2341:
1862:
1225:
1888:
1849:
662:
3795:
to evaluate whether an administrative rule, local regulation, autonomous regulation or separate regulation contravenes the constitution or a national law. However, the
Supreme People's Court has never made such request.
1875:
1346:
1242:
456:
1221:
4872:
4765:
3739:
On 1 January 2019, the
Intellectual Property Tribunal of the Supreme People's Court was established to handle all second instance hearings from cases heard in the first instance by the Intellectual Property Courts.
2331:
465:
3758:
according to trial supervision procedures. When the court has discovered errors in the rulings and verdicts of lower courts that are already enforced, it investigates or appoints a lower court to rehear the case.
3681:
The functions of the court was first outlined in the
Chinese constitution in its 1954 version, which said the court has the power of independent adjudication and is accountable to the National People's Congress.
1918:
1893:
1836:
3646:
438:
3642:
3249:
740:
1898:
984:
1946:
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1412:
1164:
1705:
1231:
474:
395:
1810:
1669:
1471:
5791:
5040:
2169:
1422:
1189:
1036:
980:
556:
3065:
2641:
1539:
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Following the end of the
Cultural Revolution in 1976, the Supreme People's Court began to focus on legal issues, especially those related to civil and commercial law, because of China's
2040:
697:
3762:
The court also approves death sentences and suspended death sentences handed down by lower courts. It also approves verdicts on crimes not specifically stipulated in the criminal law.
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1330:
6154:
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510:
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574:
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reviews appeals or protests against trial decisions or verdicts of high people's courts and special people's courts, as well as appeals against court judgments lodged by the
3398:
3186:
2691:
1701:
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1938:
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2050:
1976:
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83:
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1120:
711:
551:
536:
188:
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1020:
949:
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the ability to do so. As of 2023, the SPC's blacklist is one of its most important enforcement tools and its use has resulted in the recovery of tens of trillions of
2045:
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3362:
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1913:
997:
690:
417:
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2499:
1903:
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973:
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all levels, the
Supreme People's Court generally publishes it in the form of judicial interpretation and can make inquiries in newspapers and on the Internet.
5851:
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1628:
1211:
141:
5846:
4879:
3934:
4508:
3590:
1674:
1283:
919:
806:
670:
3638:, the Supreme People's Court is accountable to the National People's Congress. The court has about 400 judges and more than 600 administrative personnel.
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386:
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226:
31:
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2055:
1255:
342:
3154:
3134:
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1982:
1402:
969:
640:
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5856:
3944:
1334:
5682:
3430:
2978:
2732:
1427:
810:
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1657:
1616:
825:
819:
791:
598:
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5900:
4705:
4649:
3724:
2877:
2826:
2122:
953:
798:
429:
5409:
3337:
3317:
3268:
3264:
3254:
3139:
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2019:
2007:
2001:
1432:
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6016:
2601:
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1956:
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1652:
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1417:
1317:
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3491:
6167:
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4557:
3524:
3463:
2206:
2201:
2194:
869:
324:
6182:
5363:
4445:
4214:
4164:
4140:
4108:
4083:
4063:
4030:
4005:
3977:
3755:
2163:
303:
1929:
6264:
5697:
5602:
3694:
3689:, the 1975 constitution removed the provision that said courts were to decide cases independently and required them to report to
2716:
2538:
2452:
2257:
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6106:
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5349:
4969:
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3583:
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2083:
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5702:
5023:
3019:
2543:
2223:
1855:
1794:
1392:
1374:
720:
6072:
5885:
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6052:
6023:
6211:
6067:
6057:
6011:
5917:
5766:
5652:
5572:
5072:
3770:
The court explains the application of laws in specific cases during a trial. Further details about this were described by
3720:
3616:
2245:
1643:
1313:
400:
177:
3787:
While the
Chinese constitution does not state that courts have the power to review laws for their constitutionality (see
5542:
5537:
5432:
4492:, Article 16: "Judges are divided into twelve grades. The President of the Supreme People's Court is the Chief Justice."
3804:
The Supreme People's Court is also responsible for supervising the adjudication of lower courts and specialized courts.
3563:
3453:
3290:
3124:
3014:
2993:
2858:
2845:
2378:
2279:
2250:
2213:
767:
613:
608:
329:
134:
5662:
5637:
5552:
5532:
5482:
5452:
5442:
4689:[Constitutional basis of the socialist judicial system with Chinese characteristics]. In Chen, Guiming (ed.).
4574:
Law of the People's Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
3445:
3105:
2579:
2573:
2218:
1823:
757:
735:
3698:
3675:
3501:
3471:
1933:
5932:
5707:
4811:
6187:
6177:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5502:
3576:
3539:
3203:
3100:
2589:
2566:
2531:
2179:
2156:
851:
4069:
336:
6128:
5890:
5642:
5597:
5577:
5567:
5467:
5016:
4876:
4849:
2764:
2711:
1638:
762:
652:
348:
6216:
3641:
The court serves as the highest court for the People's Republic of China and also for cases investigated by the
6259:
6118:
5927:
5922:
5803:
5782:
5759:
5692:
5667:
5582:
5437:
5424:
5402:
4440:
3827:
3412:
3305:
3044:
2973:
2961:
2747:
2488:
1387:
856:
628:
6089:
5979:
5562:
5447:
2472:
1950:
6123:
5954:
5547:
5527:
2267:
6101:
6084:
5994:
5969:
5868:
5712:
5647:
5612:
5607:
5517:
5477:
5462:
5457:
3705:
3375:
3002:
2838:
2401:
2373:
2284:
1487:
1340:
784:
5989:
5984:
5964:
5959:
5949:
5592:
4573:
2289:
6172:
6159:
5974:
5944:
5939:
5912:
5880:
5672:
5632:
5587:
5522:
5497:
5487:
5472:
4685:; Yu, Wenhao; Yang, Xiaomin; Chen, Guofei (2017). "Zhongguo Tese Shehui Zhuyi sifa zhidu de xianfa jichu"
4426:
3624:
3620:
3534:
3496:
3300:
3085:
3078:
3024:
2821:
2228:
2189:
2150:
1182:
520:
236:
4504:"Judicialization in authoritarian regimes: The expansion of powers of the Chinese Supreme People's Court"
6231:
6226:
6221:
5557:
5512:
5507:
3788:
3173:
3009:
1535:
603:
593:
505:
500:
4722:
4326:
4298:
4242:
836:
4274:
4226:
4132:
3416:
3408:
3327:
3280:
3244:
3228:
2966:
2759:
2421:
2313:
2262:
1803:
1753:
1177:
846:
706:
5395:
5044:
4742:
4302:
4205:
4100:
4075:
3997:
3686:
3476:
3276:
3179:
3144:
3053:
2988:
2816:
2634:
2099:
1829:
1515:
894:
725:
372:
5736:
4636:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4350:
4156:
4128:
4046:
4021:
3665:
civil law traditions respectively, and are out of the jurisdiction of the Supreme People's Court.
259:
5170:
4787:
4408:
4392:
4354:
4334:
4250:
4201:
4193:
4185:
4152:
4096:
3295:
3129:
2785:
2771:
2272:
2240:
1457:
1325:
1261:
1235:
906:
884:
876:
685:
515:
4412:
4181:
4173:
4092:
4054:
4550:
The Power of the Supreme People's Court: Reconceptualizing Judicial Power in Contemporary China
4050:
4017:
66:
6203:
4915:
4853:
4791:
4701:
4553:
4527:
4346:
4338:
4290:
4264:
4220:
4197:
4124:
3440:
3090:
3060:
2853:
2791:
2742:
2457:
1960:
294:
3993:
4935:
4517:
3380:
2997:
1989:
1581:
1521:
863:
678:
407:
6144:
4883:
4841:
4727:
4582:
4477:
4114:
3435:
3039:
1967:
354:
5002:
4451:
3310:
2899:
2863:
2833:
2777:
2426:
1881:
1799:
1767:
1248:
752:
264:
218:
6248:
5730:
4899:
4316:
4286:
4246:
3716:
3709:
3612:
2941:
2525:
2358:
1787:
1590:
1563:
1549:
889:
633:
495:
17:
4961:
54:
4605:
4470:
4270:
4238:
4036:
3821:
3557:
3529:
2868:
2798:
2507:
1728:
1620:
1597:
1570:
1362:
1025:
4700:] (in Simplified Chinese). Beijing: Renmin University Press. pp. 23–143.
3715:
In 2005, the Supreme People's Court announced its intent to " back authority for
5740:
4342:
4322:
4294:
4278:
4230:
4177:
4146:
4120:
4042:
3628:
3166:
3048:
2954:
2807:
2722:
2384:
2347:
2335:
1842:
1297:
1112:
1098:
623:
469:
421:
4682:
4382:
4368:
4330:
4282:
4234:
4189:
4011:
3976:
1954–1959: Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China under the
3969:
3771:
3658:
3216:
3160:
2660:
2560:
2447:
2089:
2061:
1868:
1735:
1711:
1604:
1465:
1127:
1082:
1043:
1029:
1013:
960:
478:
442:
433:
411:
367:
358:
4531:
156:
143:
98:
85:
3989:
3983:
3650:
3095:
2920:
2698:
2683:
2656:
2173:
1556:
1491:
1350:
1202:
1143:
1056:
831:
460:
282:
4522:
4503:
5751:
5387:
3908:
3898:
3733:
3662:
3222:
2011:
1993:
1816:
1760:
1529:
1135:
1092:
1052:
451:
376:
2025:
State Administration for Sci., Tech. & Industry for National Defense
4388:
2583:
1243:
Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission
126:
4698:
A study of the socialist judicial system with Chinese characteristics
2884:
2675:
2648:
1477:
1170:
1157:
1104:
1067:
1060:
841:
5048:
3654:
3322:
2925:
281:
4846:
China's World View: Demystifying China to Prevent Global Conflict
4784:
Social Credit: The Warring States of China's Emerging Data Empire
4996:
4873:
The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China
286:
The front facade of the Supreme People's Court in Beijing China.
207:
5755:
5391:
5012:
4936:"First Circuit Court of the Supreme People's Court established"
6222:
Courts of the First Instance (Tribunais de Primeira Instância)
4637:"The Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China"
2669:
Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization
1670:
State-owned Assets Supervision & Administration Commission
3719:
approval" over concerns about "sentencing quality", and the
3875:
Judicial Administration and Equipment Management Department
2642:
Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture
4091:
Vice Presidents: Zeng Hanzhou, He Lanjie, Zheng Shaowen,
3951:
President/Chief Justices and Vice Presidents of the Court
4074:
Vice Presidents: Wang Weigang, Zeng Hanzhou, He Lanjie,
3605:
Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China
42:
Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China
3889:
Circuit and other courts of the Supreme People's Court
2115:
Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
3793:
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
2936:
Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs
484:
Politburo Standing Committee longest-serving members
6196:
6152:
5899:
5867:
5789:
5681:
5423:
3852:
Enforcement Department (Enforcement Command Center)
3187:
Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits
272:
255:
250:
242:
232:
225:
202:
194:
184:
172:
133:
122:
114:
41:
4635:
4723:"China's top court to review all death sentences"
1423:Environment Protection and Resources Conservation
4812:"China's New Supreme People's Court IP Tribunal"
3657:have separate judicial systems based on British
3631:for cases about matters of national importance.
3778:
3363:State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs
27:Highest court in the People's Republic of China
6232:Administrative Court (Tribunal Administrativo)
4576:(56). National People's Congress. 1 July 2020.
3791:), the Supreme People's Court can request the
2590:Judicial Administrative Organs People's Police
588:"People's democratic dictatorship" (Article 1)
189:Constitution of the People's Republic of China
5767:
5403:
5024:
4225:Vice Presidents: Zhu Mingshan, Li Guoguang,
3844:Departments within the Supreme People's Court
3584:
2707:National Press and Publication Administration
1408:Education, Science, Culture and Public Health
8:
4691:Zhongguo Tese Shehui Zhuyi sifa zhidu yanjiu
4677:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4600:[About the Supreme People's Court].
4490:Judges Law of the People's Republic of China
3286:International Development Cooperation Agency
2738:National Radio and Television Administration
1904:Reform & Organizational Structure Office
1634:National Development & Reform Commission
1212:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
1076:Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission
6003:Intellectual Property courts and tribunals
4743:"China changes law to limit death sentence"
4509:International Journal of Constitutional Law
3813:Divisions within the Supreme People's Court
1511:State Council (Central People's Government)
1121:Financial & Economic Affairs Commission
5864:
5774:
5760:
5752:
5410:
5396:
5388:
5031:
5017:
5009:
5001:
4123:, Song Guang, Wang Huaian, Wang Zhanping,
3591:
3577:
599:Constitutional oath of office (Article 27)
289:
217:
65:
6227:Primary Court (Tribunal Judícial de Base)
4552:. Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxford: Routledge.
4521:
3962:1949–1954: Supreme People's Court of the
3643:Office for Safeguarding National Security
3343:International Military Cooperation Office
2611:Office for Safeguarding National Security
1256:Central Leading Group for Inspection Work
614:Highest state organ of power (Article 57)
6275:Courts and tribunals established in 1949
4543:
4541:
3155:Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs
3135:Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement
1983:National Defense Mobilization Commission
1190:Office of the Central Secrecy Commission
4768:from the original on 21 September 2008.
4604:(in Simplified Chinese). Archived from
4463:
3957:President of the Supreme People's Court
3693:. Most staff members of the court were
3431:Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
2500:CCP Central Politics and Law Commission
2180:People's Procuratorates Judicial Police
2136:
2079:
1692:
1506:
1452:
924:
815:
604:Protection of human rights (Article 33)
292:
32:Supreme People's Court (disambiguation)
4920:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
4913:
4777:
4775:
3701:occupied the court from 1968 to 1973.
3459:China and the World Trade Organization
3395:Visa requirements for Chinese citizens
2532:Public Security Organs People's Police
826:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
38:
5373:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5362:
5360:
5355:
5353:
5348:
5346:
5341:
5339:
5334:
5332:
5326:
5320:
5318:
5316:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5300:
5298:
5296:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5280:
5278:
5230:
5188:
5186:
5169:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5130:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5120:
5114:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5106:
5104:
5098:
5096:
5094:
5092:
5090:
5088:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5076:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5061:
4762:"China Hails Reform of Death Penalty"
4760:Bodeen, Christopher (10 April 2008).
4448:– China's highest prosecutor's office
3869:Discipline and Supervision Department
3736:for fines and delinquent repayments.
2878:Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission
2827:Overseas censorship of Chinese issues
2567:State Security Organs People's Police
2123:Commission Against Corruption (Macau)
2056:CMC Leading Group for Military Reform
1889:Politics and Legal Affairs Commission
7:
3872:International Cooperation Department
3318:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
3140:Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement
4749:from the original on 27 March 2008.
4155:, Lin Huai, Zhu Mingshan, Ma Yuan,
3423:National Immigration Administration
2468:Federation of Industry and Commerce
2105:Anti-corruption campaign since 2012
1863:National Defense Mobilization Dept.
664:General Principles of the Civil Law
4822:from the original on 12 April 2019
3833:Environment and Resources Division
3725:Organic Law on the People's Courts
3211:Central Foreign Affairs Commission
2893:Cyberspace Administration of China
900:Two Establishes and Two Safeguards
25:
4942:from the original on 4 March 2016
4652:from the original on 14 June 2021
3464:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
2321:Political Consultative Conference
1909:Int'l Military Cooperation Office
1894:Science and Technology Commission
1850:Training and Administration Dept.
1697:Central Military Commission (CMC)
870:Scientific Outlook on Development
594:Democratic centralism (Article 3)
6197:
6153:
6143:
5797:
5790:
5735:
5726:
5725:
5039:
4972:from the original on 2 July 2015
4877:The Supreme People's Court (SPC)
4745:. China Daily. 31 October 2006.
4721:Dickie, Mure (27 October 2005).
4471:About the Supreme People's Court
3878:Party-Related Affairs Department
3551:
2717:State Council Information Office
2539:State Immigration Administration
1955:
1945:
1928:
1876:Discipline Inspection Commission
1398:Supervisory and Judicial Affairs
609:Freedom of religion (Article 36)
302:
53:
6115:Financial courts and tribunals
5350:National Supervisory Commission
4595:"Zuigao Renmin Fayuan jianjie"
4421:14th National People's Congress
4377:13th National People's Congress
4363:12th National People's Congress
4311:11th National People's Congress
4259:10th National People's Congress
4172:Vice Presidents: Zhu Mingshan,
3940:Second International Commercial
3368:Overseas Chinese Affairs Office
2753:China Global Television Network
2733:Ministry of Culture and Tourism
2597:Bureau of Prison Administration
2157:People's Courts Judicial Police
2084:National Supervisory Commission
1165:Office of the General Secretary
5364:Supreme People's Procuratorate
4446:Supreme People's Procuratorate
4215:9th National People's Congress
4165:8th National People's Congress
4141:7th National People's Congress
4109:6th National People's Congress
4084:5th National People's Congress
4064:4th National People's Congress
4031:3rd National People's Congress
4006:2nd National People's Congress
3978:1st National People's Congress
3935:First International Commercial
3866:Adjudication Management Office
3756:Supreme People's Procuratorate
3647:special administrative regions
3487:China–European Union relations
2979:Special administrative regions
2164:Supreme People's Procuratorate
1403:Financial and Economic Affairs
1:
5918:Railway Transportation courts
5057:
3839:Judicial Supervision Division
3507:China–United States relations
3492:China–Latin America relations
3353:NPC Foreign Affairs Committee
2949:HK & Macau Affairs Office
2692:Central Propaganda Department
2544:Local public security bureaus
1919:Offices Administration Agency
1428:Agriculture and Rural Affairs
59:Supreme People's Court Emblem
6270:1949 establishments in China
3454:China and the United Nations
3358:CCP International Department
3338:Ministry of National Defense
3265:Diplomatic missions of China
3125:Taiwan independence movement
2846:Publishing industry in China
2379:United Front Work Department
2224:Regular Disciplined Services
2214:Law enforcement in Hong Kong
2020:Ministry of Veterans Affairs
2002:Ministry of National Defense
1037:National Security Commission
877:Harmonious Socialist Society
768:Death sentence with reprieve
742:Administrative Procedure Law
176:Presidential selection with
5343:Central Military Commission
4962:"最高法第二巡回法庭在沈阳揭牌 巡回辽吉黑三省(图)"
4764:. San Francisco Chronicle.
4057:, Wang Demao, Zhang Zhirang
3964:Central People's Government
3945:Intellectual Property Court
3881:Retirees'Affairs Department
3849:State Compensation Division
3800:Supervision of lower courts
3446:Community of Common Destiny
3236:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
3106:Republic of China on Taiwan
2516:Ministry of Public Security
1837:Equipment Development Dept.
1004:Central Military Commission
227:President and Chief Justice
6291:
5073:National People's Congress
5049:People's Republic of China
4850:W. W. Norton & Company
3954:
3721:National People's Congress
3617:People's Republic of China
3101:Political status of Taiwan
2551:Ministry of State Security
2251:Public Prosecutions Office
2051:Military reform since 2015
1663:Deputy Secretaries-General
1433:Social Development Affairs
1314:National People's Congress
852:Primary stage of socialism
820:Admission Oath (Article 6)
387:Current provincial leaders
178:National People's Congress
29:
6141:
5721:
5324:
5322:
5314:
5312:
5304:
5302:
5294:
5292:
5284:
5282:
5272:
5270:
5268:
5262:
5260:
5258:
5252:
5250:
5248:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5228:
5224:
5222:
5220:
5218:
5216:
5214:
5212:
5210:
5208:
5206:
5204:
5198:
5196:
5194:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5159:
5102:
5100:
5055:
4882:13 September 2018 at the
4782:Brussee, Vincent (2023).
4502:Ahl, Björn (6 May 2019).
3482:China–Caribbean relations
3066:Mainland & Macau CEPA
2765:China Radio International
2712:China Film Administration
1899:Strategic Planning Office
1629:Cabinet-level departments
721:Intellectual property law
80:
76:
64:
52:
5483:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
4693:
4686:
4596:
4476:1 September 2018 at the
4441:Judicial system of China
4391:(Executive), Jiang Wei,
3699:People's Liberation Army
3691:revolutionary committees
3676:People's Liberation Army
3525:Administrative divisions
3306:Belt and Road Initiative
3003:Hong Kong SAR Government
2974:One country, two systems
2962:Hong Kong Liaison Office
2748:China Central Television
2258:Secretariat for Security
1934:People's Liberation Army
1675:most Central Enterprises
1418:Overseas Chinese Affairs
857:Four Cardinal Principles
251:Executive Vice President
157:39.902972°N 116.405250°E
99:39.902972°N 116.405250°E
6265:National supreme courts
5933:Reclamation Area courts
3836:Administrative Division
3723:officially changed the
3706:economic liberalization
3695:sent to the countryside
3497:China–Pacific relations
3376:Chinese nationality law
2268:Unitary Police Services
1925:National armed forces:
1341:Council of Chairpersons
1197:Organization Department
929:National Party Congress
634:Socialist law tradition
511:Organization Department
6255:Supreme People's Court
5812:Supreme People's Court
5783:Court systems of China
5418:Supreme Courts of Asia
5357:Supreme People's Court
5132:NPC Standing Committee
4642:Journal of Chinese Law
4634:Finder, Susan (1993).
4602:Supreme People's Court
4169:President: Ren Jianxin
3884:Information Department
3783:
3502:China–Russia relations
3472:China–Africa relations
3301:China Development Bank
3277:Foreign aid from China
3118:"Taiwan Province", PRC
3086:Cross-Strait relations
3079:Cross-Strait relations
3032:Mainland & HK CEPA
2473:People's organizations
2280:Public Security Police
2229:Hong Kong Police Force
2190:Judiciary of Hong Kong
2141:Supreme People's Court
2046:Military modernization
1824:Logistic Support Dept.
557:Previous constitutions
430:Communist Party leader
325:Leadership generations
287:
6212:Court of Final Appeal
6168:Court of Final Appeal
3789:constitutional review
3636:Constitution of China
3174:Taiwan Affairs Office
3025:Independence movement
3010:Politics of Hong Kong
2246:Court of Final Appeal
2207:Prosecutions Division
2202:Department of Justice
2195:Court of Final Appeal
1951:People's Armed Police
1644:National Audit Office
1275:Provincial committee
506:Collective leadership
501:Democratic centralism
382:Current state leaders
337:Hu–Wen Administration
285:
162:39.902972; 116.405250
104:39.902972; 116.405250
18:Chinese Supreme Court
5658:United Arab Emirates
5045:Central state organs
4088:President: Jiang Hua
3860:Political Department
3818:Case-Filing Division
3766:Legal interpretation
3625:high people's courts
3477:China–Arab relations
3409:Visa policy of China
3328:New Development Bank
3291:Ministry of Commerce
3054:Macau SAR Government
2967:Macau Liaison Office
2760:China National Radio
2443:Historical parties:
2263:Macau Security Force
1811:Political Work Dept.
1449:State representative
1393:Constitution and Law
1178:Central Guard Bureau
847:Deng Xiaoping Theory
624:Chinese legal system
439:State representative
401:Orders of precedence
364:20th Party Politburo
343:Xi–Li Administration
30:For other uses, see
6183:Magistrates' Courts
5886:Intermediate courts
5685:limited recognition
4608:on 1 September 2018
4581:3 July 2020 at the
4523:10.1093/icon/moz003
3687:Cultural Revolution
3255:Diplomatic missions
3227:Secretary-General:
3145:Chinese unification
2989:Hong Kong Basic Law
2859:Internet censorship
2817:Censorship in China
2574:Ministry of Justice
2100:Corruption in China
1472:Presidential Office
1111:Secretary-General:
994:Central Secretariat
895:Four Comprehensives
699:Labour Contract Law
629:Civil law tradition
466:Conference Chairman
355:4th Leadership Core
330:Succession of power
153: /
95: /
6217:Intermediate Court
5928:Mining Area courts
5923:Forest Area courts
4788:Palgrave MacMillan
3645:in Hong Kong. The
3623:of cases from the
3296:Exim Bank of China
3130:Anti-Secession Law
3020:Pro-democracy camp
2786:China News Service
2772:Xinhua News Agency
2326:National Committee
2241:Judiciary of Macau
2170:Procurator-General
1383:Special Committees
1331:Standing Committee
1289:Deputy secretaries
1279:Standing committee
1222:Standing Committee
1183:Central Guard Unit
981:Standing Committee
885:Xi Jinping Thought
842:Mao Zedong Thought
758:Capital punishment
736:Administrative law
475:Commander-in-chief
448:Head of government
373:14th State Council
288:
173:Composition method
6242:
6241:
6139:
6138:
5749:
5748:
5385:
5384:
5379:
5378:
4707:978-7-300-23913-2
4687:中国特色社会主义司法制度的宪法基础
4548:Qi, Ding (2019).
4387:Vice Presidents:
4321:Vice Presidents:
4269:Vice Presidents:
4151:Vice Presidents:
4119:Vice Presidents:
4041:Vice Presidents:
4016:Vice Presidents:
3988:Vice Presidents:
3708:under new leader
3634:According to the
3601:
3600:
3540:Ethnic minorities
3441:Beijing Consensus
3381:Chinese passports
3221:Deputy Director:
3204:Foreign relations
3091:Chinese Civil War
3061:Politics of Macau
2854:Internet in China
2743:China Media Group
2682:Deputy Director:
2619:Urban Management
2368:Political parties
2355:Secretary-General
2342:Vice-Chairpersons
2076:Supervisory organ
1961:China Coast Guard
1795:Joint Staff Dept.
1706:supreme commander
1658:Secretary-General
1617:Secretary-General
1371:Secretary-General
1357:Vice-Chairpersons
1134:Deputy Director:
1089:Deputy Directors:
970:Central Politburo
950:General Secretary
939:Central Committee
799:Principal leaders
457:Congress Chairman
349:Xi Administration
345:(2012–2017)
339:(2002–2012)
295:Politics of China
280:
279:
195:Judge term length
48:
16:(Redirected from
6282:
6201:
6157:
6147:
6110:
6098:
6081:Internet courts
6049:
6032:
6020:
5865:
5801:
5794:
5776:
5769:
5762:
5753:
5739:
5729:
5728:
5425:Sovereign states
5412:
5405:
5398:
5389:
5059:
5058:
5043:
5033:
5026:
5019:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4999:
4997:Official website
4982:
4981:
4979:
4977:
4958:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4947:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4919:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4902:on 18 April 2019
4898:. Archived from
4892:
4886:
4870:
4864:
4863:
4848:. New York, NY:
4842:Li, David Daokui
4838:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4827:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4779:
4770:
4769:
4757:
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4570:
4564:
4563:
4545:
4536:
4535:
4525:
4499:
4493:
4487:
4481:
4468:
4204:, Duan Muzheng,
4045:, Wang Weigang,
3907:(established in
3897:(established in
3593:
3586:
3579:
3558:China portal
3556:
3555:
3554:
3015:Pro-Beijing camp
2998:John Lee Ka-chiu
2655:Deputy Leaders:
2605:
2293:
2285:Judiciary Police
2276:
2034:Military history
1959:
1949:
1939:Theater commands
1932:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1738:
1731:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1582:State Councilors
1573:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1516:Li Qiang Cabinet
1377:
1107:
1101:
1095:
957:
864:Three Represents
837:Marxism–Leninism
763:Capital offences
653:List of statutes
408:Paramount leader
396:National leaders
306:
290:
268:
221:
216:
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209:
168:
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6280:
6279:
6260:Courts in China
6245:
6244:
6243:
6238:
6202:
6192:
6158:
6148:
6135:
6104:
6092:
6043:
6026:
6014:
5940:Maritime courts
5913:Military courts
5904:
5902:
5895:
5872:
5870:
5863:
5802:
5796:
5795:
5785:
5780:
5750:
5745:
5717:
5698:Northern Cyprus
5684:
5677:
5419:
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5386:
5381:
5380:
5051:
5037:
4995:
4994:
4991:
4986:
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4960:
4959:
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4945:
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4934:
4933:
4929:
4912:
4905:
4903:
4896:"Archived copy"
4894:
4893:
4889:
4884:Wayback Machine
4871:
4867:
4860:
4840:
4839:
4835:
4825:
4823:
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4805:
4798:
4781:
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4773:
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4741:
4740:
4736:
4728:Financial Times
4720:
4719:
4715:
4708:
4695:
4688:
4681:
4680:
4665:
4655:
4653:
4633:
4632:
4621:
4611:
4609:
4598:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4583:Wayback Machine
4572:
4571:
4567:
4560:
4547:
4546:
4539:
4501:
4500:
4496:
4488:
4484:
4478:Wayback Machine
4469:
4465:
4460:
4437:
4275:Jiang Xingchang
4227:Jiang Xingchang
4115:Zheng Tianxiang
4024:, Zhang Zhirang
3959:
3953:
3863:Research office
3810:
3802:
3768:
3751:
3746:
3671:
3661:traditions and
3597:
3568:
3564:Other countries
3552:
3550:
3545:
3544:
3535:Family planning
3520:
3512:
3511:
3468:
3450:
3436:Panda diplomacy
3427:
3372:
3349:
3334:
3273:
3261:
3206:
3196:
3195:
3165:Deputy Leader:
3151:
3081:
3071:
3070:
3045:Chief Executive
3040:Macao Basic Law
3036:
2994:Chief Executive
2985:
2931:
2930:
2910:
2909:
2902:
2887:
2850:
2813:
2701:
2686:
2678:
2663:
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2627:
2626:
2615:
2599:
2586:
2563:
2528:
2510:
2502:
2494:
2493:
2489:Law enforcement
2478:
2477:
2462:
2436:
2338:
2316:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2287:
2270:
2237:
2219:Security Bureau
2186:
2176:
2153:
2135:
2134:
2133:Judicial organs
2129:
2119:
2111:
2096:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2041:Armed conflicts
2014:
1996:
1985:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1691:
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1685:
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1603:
1596:
1589:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1532:
1505:
1504:
1503:Executive organ
1499:
1494:
1468:
1451:
1450:
1413:Foreign Affairs
1369:
1353:
1321:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1272:
1146:
1138:
1130:
1115:
1103:
1097:
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1016:
988:
948:
923:
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915:
879:
872:
828:
814:
813:
787:
785:Communist Party
777:
776:
749:
732:
659:
647:Legislation Law
620:
590:
579:
547:
546:
526:
525:
490:Related systems
424:
320:
297:
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118:22 October 1949
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6178:District Court
6175:
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5936:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5909:
5907:
5897:
5896:
5894:
5893:
5891:Primary courts
5888:
5883:
5877:
5875:
5862:
5861:
5860:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
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5808:
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5787:
5786:
5781:
5779:
5778:
5771:
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5695:
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5687:
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5665:
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5655:
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5325:
5323:
5321:
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5305:
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5013:
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5006:
4990:
4989:External links
4987:
4984:
4983:
4966:news.ifeng.com
4953:
4927:
4887:
4865:
4859:978-0393292398
4858:
4833:
4803:
4796:
4771:
4752:
4734:
4713:
4706:
4694:中国特色社会主义司法制度研究
4663:
4648:(2): 145–224.
4619:
4586:
4565:
4558:
4537:
4516:(1): 252–277.
4494:
4482:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4452:Three Supremes
4449:
4443:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4419:2023—present:
4417:
4416:
4415:
4385:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4359:
4358:
4357:
4319:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4267:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4223:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4170:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4149:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4117:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4089:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4072:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4039:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4014:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3986:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3955:Main article:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3920:Fourth Circuit
3917:
3912:
3905:Second Circuit
3902:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3858:
3857:General Office
3854:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3825:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3806:
3801:
3798:
3785:
3784:
3767:
3764:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3678:to the Court.
3670:
3667:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3560:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3521:
3519:Related topics
3518:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
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3479:
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3355:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3320:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3311:Silk Road Fund
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3272:
3271:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3233:
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3231:
3225:
3219:
3207:
3202:
3201:
3198:
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3170:
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3137:
3132:
3127:
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3098:
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3082:
3077:
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3069:
3068:
3063:
3058:
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3042:
3035:
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3022:
3017:
3007:
3006:
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2991:
2984:
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2971:
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2923:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2900:Zhuang Rongwen
2897:
2889:
2888:
2882:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2864:Great Firewall
2849:
2848:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2839:Internal media
2834:Media of China
2831:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2812:
2811:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2792:People's Daily
2788:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2778:Reference News
2769:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2727:
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2714:
2709:
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2696:
2689:
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2282:
2255:
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2216:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2199:
2198:
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2185:
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2177:
2168:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2145:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2118:
2117:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2048:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2006:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1882:Zhang Shengmin
1873:
1872:
1871:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1782:General Office
1776:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1768:Zhang Shengmin
1764:
1757:
1749:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1732:
1724:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1689:Military organ
1688:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1667:
1666:
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1653:General Office
1650:
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1636:
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1560:
1553:
1545:
1533:
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1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1488:Vice President
1486:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1456:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1439:
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1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1388:Ethnic Affairs
1380:
1379:
1378:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1354:
1345:
1328:
1322:
1312:
1311:
1308:
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1301:
1300:
1295:
1294:
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1292:
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1286:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1249:Zhang Shengmin
1240:
1239:
1238:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1161:
1160:
1152:General Office
1149:
1148:
1147:
1142:Office Chief:
1141:
1139:
1133:
1131:
1125:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1110:
1108:
1088:
1086:
1080:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1066:Office Chief:
1065:
1063:
1050:Vice-Chairman:
1049:
1047:
1041:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1019:
1017:
1008:
1001:
991:
990:
989:
979:
966:
965:
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963:
918:
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912:
911:
910:
909:
904:
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868:
866:
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844:
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834:
824:
822:
805:
804:
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802:
801:
795:
794:
788:
783:
782:
779:
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773:
772:
771:
770:
765:
748:
747:
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731:
730:
729:
728:
718:
717:
716:
704:
703:
702:
695:
683:
676:
668:
658:
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650:
638:
637:
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631:
619:
618:
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611:
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586:
583:
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581:
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567:
561:
548:
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531:
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524:
523:
518:
513:
508:
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498:
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481:
472:
463:
454:
445:
436:
427:
426:
425:
416:
404:
403:
398:
392:
391:
390:
389:
384:
379:
370:
361:
346:
340:
333:
332:
327:
321:
316:
315:
312:
311:
308:
307:
299:
298:
293:
278:
277:
274:
270:
269:
257:
253:
252:
248:
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244:
240:
239:
234:
230:
229:
223:
222:
204:
200:
199:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
174:
170:
169:
137:
131:
130:
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
78:
77:
74:
73:
70:
62:
61:
58:
50:
49:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6287:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6209:
6207:
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6179:
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6096:
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6025:
6022:
6018:
6013:
6010:
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6004:
6002:
6001:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
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5978:
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5958:
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5953:
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5934:
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5908:
5906:
5898:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5876:
5874:
5866:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5852:2nd Intl Comm
5850:
5848:
5847:1st Intl Comm
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5805:
5800:
5793:
5788:
5784:
5777:
5772:
5770:
5765:
5763:
5758:
5757:
5754:
5742:
5738:
5734:
5732:
5724:
5723:
5720:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5708:South Ossetia
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5686:
5680:
5674:
5671:
5669:
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5659:
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5654:
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5639:
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5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
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5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
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5569:
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5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
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5521:
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5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
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5499:
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5439:
5436:
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5430:
5428:
5426:
5422:
5413:
5408:
5406:
5401:
5399:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5376:
5365:
5358:
5351:
5344:
5337:
5336:State Council
5331:
5329:
5277:
5274:
5266:
5264:
5256:
5254:
5246:
5244:
5236:
5234:
5233:
5226:
5202:
5200:
5192:
5190:
5185:
5176:
5175:
5172:
5161:
5146:
5144:
5133:
5119:
5117:
5087:
5085:
5074:
5060:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5034:
5029:
5027:
5022:
5020:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5004:
4998:
4993:
4992:
4988:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4957:
4954:
4941:
4937:
4931:
4928:
4923:
4917:
4901:
4897:
4891:
4888:
4885:
4881:
4878:
4874:
4869:
4866:
4861:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4837:
4834:
4821:
4817:
4816:www.rouse.com
4813:
4807:
4804:
4799:
4797:9789819921881
4793:
4789:
4786:. Singapore:
4785:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4767:
4763:
4756:
4753:
4748:
4744:
4738:
4735:
4730:
4729:
4724:
4717:
4714:
4709:
4703:
4699:
4692:
4684:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4638:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4590:
4587:
4584:
4580:
4575:
4569:
4566:
4561:
4559:9780429199479
4555:
4551:
4544:
4542:
4538:
4533:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4510:
4505:
4498:
4495:
4491:
4486:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4472:
4467:
4464:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4434:
4428:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4325:(Executive),
4324:
4320:
4318:
4317:Wang Shengjun
4314:
4313:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4303:Xiong Xuanguo
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4287:Huang Songyou
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4266:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4247:Huang Songyou
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4207:
4206:Wang Jingrong
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4101:Wang Zhanping
4098:
4094:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4076:Zheng Shaowen
4073:
4071:
4067:
4066:
4065:
4061:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4028:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4008:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3998:Zhang Zhirang
3995:
3991:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3930:Sixth Circuit
3928:
3926:
3925:Fifth Circuit
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3915:Third Circuit
3913:
3910:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3896:
3895:First Circuit
3893:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3871:
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3830:Divisions (4)
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3824:Divisions (5)
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3717:death penalty
3713:
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3710:Deng Xiaoping
3707:
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3256:
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3250:Spokespersons
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2942:Ding Xuexiang
2939:
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2822:Radio jamming
2820:
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2554:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2526:Wang Xiaohong
2523:
2519:
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2514:
2509:
2504:
2503:
2501:
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2359:Wang Dongfeng
2356:
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2329:
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2032:
2031:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1977:State Council
1975:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1935:
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1793:
1789:
1788:Zhong Shaojun
1785:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1778:Departments:
1777:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1755:
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1748:
1747:
1745:
1737:
1733:
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1722:
1720:
1719:Vice Chairmen
1717:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1699:
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1693:
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1630:
1627:
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1618:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1591:Wang Xiaohong
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1564:Zhang Guoqing
1561:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1550:Ding Xuexiang
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1536:Vice-Premiers
1534:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1507:
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1062:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1021:Vice Chairmen
1018:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1002:
999:
995:
992:
986:
982:
978:
977:
975:
971:
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962:
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951:
947:
946:
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936:
934:
930:
927:
926:
925:
921:
908:
905:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
890:Chinese Dream
888:
887:
886:
883:
878:
874:
873:
871:
867:
865:
862:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
848:
845:
843:
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838:
835:
833:
830:
829:
827:
823:
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808:
800:
797:
796:
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790:
789:
786:
781:
780:
769:
766:
764:
761:
760:
759:
756:
755:
754:
751:
750:
744:
743:
739:
738:
737:
734:
733:
727:
724:
723:
722:
719:
715:
714:
710:
709:
708:
705:
701:
700:
696:
694:
693:
689:
688:
687:
684:
682:
681:
677:
674:
673:
669:
666:
665:
661:
660:
654:
651:
649:
648:
644:
643:
642:
639:
635:
632:
630:
627:
626:
625:
622:
621:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
589:
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584:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
562:
560:
559:
558:
555:
554:
553:
550:
549:
543:
540:
538:
535:
534:
530:
529:
522:
521:Civil service
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
496:Unified power
494:
493:
489:
488:
485:
482:
480:
476:
473:
471:
467:
464:
462:
458:
455:
453:
449:
446:
444:
440:
437:
435:
431:
428:
423:
419:
415:
414:
413:
409:
406:
405:
402:
399:
397:
394:
393:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
374:
371:
369:
365:
362:
360:
356:
353:
352:
351:(since 2017)
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
334:
331:
328:
326:
323:
322:
319:
314:
313:
310:
309:
305:
301:
300:
296:
291:
284:
275:
271:
266:
261:
258:
254:
249:
246:11 March 2023
245:
241:
238:
235:
231:
228:
224:
220:
215:
205:
201:
197:
193:
190:
187:
185:Authorized by
183:
179:
175:
171:
166:
148:116°24′18.9″E
138:
136:
132:
128:
125:
121:
117:
113:
108:
90:116°24′18.9″E
79:
75:
68:
63:
56:
51:
46:中华人民共和国最高人民法院
40:
37:
33:
19:
5905:jurisdiction
5811:
5653:Turkmenistan
5618:Saudi Arabia
5356:
4974:. Retrieved
4965:
4956:
4944:. Retrieved
4930:
4904:. Retrieved
4900:the original
4890:
4868:
4845:
4836:
4824:. Retrieved
4815:
4806:
4783:
4755:
4737:
4726:
4716:
4697:
4690:
4654:. Retrieved
4645:
4641:
4610:. Retrieved
4606:the original
4601:
4589:
4568:
4549:
4513:
4507:
4497:
4489:
4485:
4466:
4405:Yang Linping
4401:Yang Wanming
4397:Gao Jinghong
4351:Jing Hanchao
4271:Cao Jianming
4239:Cao Jianming
4157:Duan Muzheng
4129:Zhu Mingshan
4047:Zeng Hanzhou
4037:Yang Xiufeng
4022:Wang Weigang
3808:Organization
3803:
3786:
3779:
3769:
3761:
3752:
3749:Adjudication
3738:
3730:
3714:
3703:
3684:
3680:
3672:
3640:
3633:
3608:
3604:
3602:
3530:Hukou system
2869:Great Cannon
2806:
2799:Global Times
2797:
2790:
2776:
2721:
2620:
2508:Chen Wenqing
2374:CCP (ruling)
2346:Top-ranked:
2314:United front
2140:
1914:Audit Office
1729:Zhang Youxia
1639:Central bank
1621:Wu Zhenglong
1598:Wu Zhenglong
1571:Liu Guozhong
1363:Li Hongzhong
1361:Top-ranked:
1026:Zhang Youxia
920:Organization
807:Constitution
753:Criminal law
741:
713:Property Law
712:
707:Property law
698:
691:
680:Marriage Law
679:
671:
663:
646:
552:Constitution
537:Constitution
260:Deng Xiuming
145:39°54′10.7″N
87:39°54′10.7″N
36:
6105: [
6093: [
6044: [
6027: [
6015: [
5881:High courts
5842:6th Circuit
5837:5th Circuit
5832:4th Circuit
5827:3rd Circuit
5822:2nd Circuit
5817:1st Circuit
5741:Asia portal
5683:States with
5603:Philippines
5543:South Korea
5538:North Korea
5433:Afghanistan
4683:Han, Dayuan
4425:President:
4409:He Xiaorong
4393:Tao Kaiyuan
4381:President:
4375:2018—2023:
4367:President:
4361:2013–2018:
4355:Huang Ermei
4343:Xi Xiaoming
4335:Jiang Bixin
4323:Shen Deyong
4315:President:
4309:2008–2013:
4295:Xi Xiaoming
4279:Shen Deyong
4263:President:
4257:2003–2007:
4251:Jiang Bixin
4231:Shen Deyong
4219:President:
4213:1998–2003:
4202:Hua Liankui
4194:Li Guoguang
4186:Liu Jiachen
4178:Gao Changli
4163:1993–1998:
4153:Hua Liankui
4147:Ren Jianxin
4145:President:
4139:1988–1993:
4121:Ren Jianxin
4113:President:
4107:1983–1988:
4097:Wang Huaian
4082:1978–1983:
4068:President:
4062:1975–1978:
4043:Tan Guansan
4035:President:
4029:1965–1975:
4010:President:
4004:1959–1965:
3982:President:
3968:President:
3911:, Dec 2014)
3901:, Dec 2014)
3685:During the
3629:trial court
3627:and is the
3619:. It hears
3167:Wang Huning
3111:Taiwan Area
3049:Ho Iat-seng
2955:Xia Baolong
2808:China Today
2723:China Daily
2621:(chengguan)
2600: [
2506:Secretary:
2385:Shi Taifeng
2348:Shi Taifeng
2336:Wang Huning
2288: [
2271: [
1880:Secretary:
1843:Xu Xueqiang
1298:Party group
1247:Secretary:
1113:Wang Huning
1099:Wang Huning
675:(From 2021)
470:Wang Huning
422:Peng Liyuan
276:5 July 2023
263: [
160: /
135:Coordinates
115:Established
102: /
6249:Categories
6173:High Court
6036:Hainan FTP
5663:Uzbekistan
5638:Tajikistan
5553:Kyrgyzstan
5533:Kazakhstan
5453:Bangladesh
5443:Azerbaijan
4656:6 February
4458:References
4413:Shen Liang
4383:Zhou Qiang
4369:Zhou Qiang
4331:Wan Exiang
4283:Wan Exiang
4235:Wan Exiang
4190:Luo Haocai
4182:Tang Dehua
4174:Xie Anshan
4093:Song Guang
4055:Xing Yimin
4012:Xie Juezai
3970:Shen Junru
3772:Zhou Qiang
3697:, and the
3663:Portuguese
3659:common law
3611:) is the
3217:Xi Jinping
3215:Director:
3178:Director:
3161:Xi Jinping
2953:Director:
2898:Director:
2883:Director:
2674:Director:
2661:Shen Yiqin
2635:Propaganda
2561:Chen Yixin
2090:Liu Jinguo
2088:Director:
2062:Xi Jinping
1869:Liu Faqing
1867:Director:
1854:Director:
1841:Director:
1828:Director:
1815:Director:
1804:Liu Zhenli
1786:Director:
1754:Liu Zhenli
1736:He Weidong
1712:Xi Jinping
1605:Shen Yiqin
1466:Xi Jinping
1156:Director:
1128:Xi Jinping
1126:Director:
1083:Xi Jinping
1081:Director:
1044:Xi Jinping
1042:Chairman:
1030:He Weidong
1014:Xi Jinping
961:Xi Jinping
726:Patent law
692:Labour Law
686:Labour law
672:Civil Code
479:Xi Jinping
443:Xi Jinping
434:Xi Jinping
418:First lady
412:Xi Jinping
368:Xi Jinping
359:Xi Jinping
318:Leadership
6188:Tribunals
6160:Hong Kong
6090:Guangzhou
6024:Guangzhou
5980:Guangzhou
5901:Courts of
5703:Palestine
5628:Sri Lanka
5623:Singapore
5503:Indonesia
5171:President
4532:1474-2640
4480:(Chinese)
4427:Zhang Jun
4327:Zhang Jun
4299:Zhang Jun
4265:Xiao Yang
4243:Zhang Jun
4221:Xiao Yang
4208:, Ma Yuan
4070:Jiang Hua
4051:He Lanjie
4018:Wu Defeng
3990:Gao Kelin
3984:Dong Biwu
3744:Functions
3651:Hong Kong
3413:Hong Kong
3399:Hong Kong
3385:Hong Kong
3096:One China
2921:Hong Kong
2699:Li Shulei
2684:Li Shulei
2657:Li Shulei
2174:Ying Yong
2151:Zhang Jun
2147:President
1856:Wang Peng
1830:Zhang Lin
1746:Members:
1557:He Lifeng
1492:Han Zheng
1458:President
1442:Presidium
1351:Zhao Leji
1326:Elections
1284:Secretary
1232:Secretary
1203:Li Ganjie
1144:He Lifeng
1057:Zhao Leji
907:Democracy
832:Communism
667:(to 2020)
516:Elections
461:Zhao Leji
256:Currently
237:Zhang Jun
233:Currently
71:Main gate
6129:Shenzhen
6119:Shanghai
6085:Hangzhou
6041:Hangzhou
6012:Shanghai
5955:Shanghai
5871:people's
5804:Mainland
5731:Category
5693:Abkhazia
5643:Thailand
5598:Pakistan
5578:Mongolia
5573:Maldives
5568:Malaysia
5468:Cambodia
4976:28 April
4970:Archived
4946:28 April
4940:Archived
4916:cite web
4906:18 April
4880:Archived
4844:(2024).
4826:12 April
4820:Archived
4766:Archived
4747:Archived
4650:Archived
4597:最高人民法院简介
4579:Archived
4474:Archived
4435:See also
4347:Nan Ying
4339:Su Zelin
4291:Su Zelin
4198:Lin Huai
4125:Lin Huai
3909:Shenyang
3899:Shenzhen
3822:Criminal
3281:to China
3269:in China
3241:Minister
3223:Li Qiang
3180:Song Tao
3159:Leader:
2940:Leader:
2647:Leader:
2580:Minister
2557:Minister
2522:Minister
2332:Chairman
2060:Leader:
2012:Dong Jun
2008:Minister
1994:Li Qiang
1990:Chairman
1817:Miao Hua
1761:Miao Hua
1702:Chairman
1530:Li Qiang
1347:Chairman
1260:Leader:
1136:Li Qiang
1093:Li Qiang
1053:Li Qiang
1010:Chairman
811:ideology
452:Li Qiang
377:Li Qiang
180:approval
123:Location
6124:Beijing
6102:Beijing
6073:Qingdao
6007:Beijing
5995:Nanjing
5970:Qingdao
5945:Tianjin
5903:special
5668:Vietnam
5583:Myanmar
5563:Lebanon
5493:Georgia
5448:Bahrain
5438:Armenia
5047:of the
4612:13 June
4389:He Rong
4133:Ma Yuan
3994:Ma Xiwu
3669:History
3621:appeals
3615:of the
3245:Wang Yi
3229:Wang Yi
2584:He Rong
1968:Militia
1524: (
1522:Premier
1476:Chief:
1169:Chief:
792:History
208:english
203:Website
198:5 years
129:, China
127:Beijing
6063:Fuzhou
6058:Heifei
6053:Ningbo
5990:Haikou
5985:Beihai
5965:Xiamen
5960:Ningbo
5950:Dalian
5873:courts
5713:Taiwan
5648:Turkey
5613:Russia
5548:Kuwait
5528:Jordan
5518:Israel
5478:Cyprus
5463:Brunei
5458:Bhutan
4856:
4794:
4704:
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2885:Cai Qi
2697:Head:
2676:Cai Qi
2649:Cai Qi
2383:Head:
1478:Cai Qi
1375:Liu Qi
1201:Head:
1171:Cai Qi
1158:Cai Qi
1105:Cai Qi
1068:Cai Qi
1061:Cai Qi
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5869:Local
5673:Yemen
5633:Syria
5608:Qatar
5588:Nepal
5523:Japan
5498:India
5488:Egypt
5473:China
4696:[
3828:Civil
3655:Macau
3417:Macau
3403:Macau
3389:Macau
3323:BRICS
2926:Macau
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1800:Chief
1262:Li Xi
1236:Li Xi
273:Since
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243:Since
5593:Oman
5558:Laos
5513:Iraq
5508:Iran
4978:2015
4948:2015
4922:link
4908:2019
4854:ISBN
4828:2019
4792:ISBN
4702:ISBN
4658:2023
4614:2021
4554:ISBN
4528:ISSN
3774:as:
3653:and
3603:The
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2412:CAPD
2397:RCCK
1540:list
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1462:list
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1318:14th
1226:20th
1216:20th
998:20th
985:20th
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954:list
943:20th
933:20th
641:Laws
575:1978
570:1975
565:1954
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3649:of
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542:Law
214:.cn
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