1889:
5172:
20:
5180:
Jun herbs, or lack a dominant Jun herb altogether. The Chen support the Jun in its actions, and provide additional uses for the medical purpose of the formula. The Zuo assist the Jun and Chen, but are given at a much lower dosage (relative to themselves), to deemphasize their influence, for various reasons. The Shi's main role is to help guide the formula to the correct bodily areas or organ systems inside of which it is meant to act. The Shi are also sometimes used "to harmonize the properties of other herbs in the formula".
6713:
6657:
52:
2791:
5206:
337:
1584:
1531:
8691:
1768:"Ruler of disease it called Sovereign, aid to Sovereign it called Minister, comply with Minister it called Envoy (Assistant), not upper lower three classes (qualities) it called." The last part is interpreted as stating that these three rulers are not the three classes of Shénnóng mentioned previously. This chapter in particular outlines a more forceful approach. Later on Zhang Zihe (
2092:
5183:
Most herbs can serve as either Jun (Monarch), Chen (Minister) or Zuo (Assistant) - the first three tiers in the herbal hierarchy. But only certain herbs, are considered fit to serve as Shi. This is because only some herbs are believed to have the ability, to guide other herbs into a given bodily area
5179:
This feudal-like hierarchy denotes the power and role of each herb in a given formula. The Jun is the herb which is usually of the highest relative dosage, and leads the main action of the formula. In the majority of formulas, there is only one Jun (Monarch) herb. Sometimes, a formula may feature 2-3
1958:
of the formula. In China, all
Chinese patent medicines of the same name will have the same proportions of ingredients, and manufactured in accordance with the PRC Pharmacopoeia, which is mandated by law. However, in western countries there may be variations in the proportions of ingredients in patent
1900:
of about 9 to 18 substances. Some of these are considered as main herbs, some as ancillary herbs; within the ancillary herbs, up to three categories can be distinguished. Some ingredients are added to cancel out toxicity or side-effects of the main ingredients; on top of that, some medicinals require
5192:
Within TCM formulas, there are also strict rules about which herbs pair well together (Dui Yao), and which are either contradictory, incompatible, or may cause a reaction amongst themselves, or with
Western Medicine Drugs. For example: Gan Cao (Licorice) is incompatible with the herbs Yuan hua, Jing
2901:
during herbal product preparation. There is a lack of high-quality scientific research on herbology practices and product effectiveness for anti-disease activity. In the herbal sources listed below, there is little or no evidence for efficacy or proof of safety across consumer age groups and disease
1946:
was traditionally honey. Modern teapills, however, are extracted in stainless steel extractors to create either a water decoction or water-alcohol decoction, depending on the herbs used. They are extracted at a low temperature (below 100 °C (212 °F)) to preserve essential ingredients. The
2751:
medication. Due to the poor quality of these medical studies, there is insufficient evidence to support or dismiss the use of
Chinese medicinal herbs for the treatment of influenza. There is a need for larger and higher quality randomized clinical trials to determine how effective Chinese herbal
1970:
Chinese herbal extracts are herbal decoctions that have been condensed into a granular or powdered form. Herbal extracts, similar to patent medicines, are easier and more convenient for patients to take. The industry extraction standard is 5:1, meaning for every five pounds of raw materials, one
2543:
From the earliest records regarding the use of medicinals to today, the toxicity of certain substances has been described in all
Chinese materia medica. Since TCM has become more popular in the Western world, there are increasing concerns about the potential toxicity of many traditional Chinese
1947:
extracted liquid is then further condensed, and some raw herb powder from one of the herbal ingredients is mixed in to form a herbal dough. This dough is then machine cut into tiny pieces, a small amount of excipients are added for a smooth and consistent exterior, and they are spun into pills.
2558:"concluded that adverse effects of herbal medicines are an important albeit neglected subject in dermatology, which deserves further systematic investigation." Research suggests that the toxic heavy metals and undeclared drugs found in Chinese herbal medicines might be a serious health issue.
1853:
from 1941, 517 drugs were listed – out of these, only 45 were animal parts, and 30 were minerals. For many plants used as medicinals, detailed instructions have been handed down not only regarding the locations and areas where they grow best, but also regarding the best timing of planting and
2896:
Chinese herbology is a pseudoscientific practice with potentially unreliable product quality, safety hazards or misleading health advice. There are regulatory bodies, such as China GMP (Good
Manufacturing Process) of herbal products. However, there have been notable cases of an absence of
2697:
Most
Chinese herbs are safe but some have shown not to be. Reports have shown products being contaminated with drugs, toxins, or false reporting of ingredients. Some herbs used in TCM may also react with drugs, have side effects, or be dangerous to people with certain medical conditions.
5154:
2. Patent
Formulas - these are either classic formulas, or newer commonly-used formulas created in recent decades. The patent formulas stand out in that their usage is common enough, that they are frequently mass-produced by large companies, in China, the United States, and elsewhere.
2554:). Further, ingredients may have different names in different locales or in historical texts, and different preparations may have similar names for the same reason, which can create inconsistencies and confusion in the creation of medicinals, with the possible danger of poisoning.
5167:
The prescription of TCM formulas, is based on 4-tier system of hierarchy. The 4-tiers are: Jun (君), Chen (臣), Zuo (佐) and Shi (使). These four tiers are often translated as: Sovereign, Minister, Assistant, Courier; or
Monarch, Minister, Assistant, Envoy (also: 'Guide').
2729:
patients when
Chinese herbs were used alongside Western medicine versus Western medicine exclusively. A 2010 Cochrane review found there is not enough robust evidence to support the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine herbs to stop the bleeding from
2149:: A flavor implies certain properties and presumed therapeutic "actions" of a substance: saltiness "drains downward and softens hard masses"; sweetness is "supplementing, harmonizing, and moistening"; pungent substances are thought to induce sweat and act on
2752:
medicine is for treating people with influenza. A 2005 Cochrane review found that although the evidence was weak for the use of any single herb, there was low quality evidence that some
Chinese medicinal herbs may be effective for the treatment of acute
2544:
medicinals including plants, animal parts and minerals. For most medicinals, efficacy and toxicity testing are based on traditional knowledge rather than laboratory analysis. The toxicity in some cases could be confirmed by modern research (i.e., in
5999:"Regarding the content of the prescription, one can differentiate between main herbs and ancillary herbs. For classical prescriptions, detailed analyses exist for each single ingredient which discriminate between up to three categories (
1516:
Research into the effectiveness of traditional Chinese herbal therapy is of poor quality and often tainted by bias, with little or no rigorous evidence of efficacy. There are concerns over a number of potentially toxic Chinese herbs.
2720:
found "insufficient evidence that Chinese Herbal Medicines were any more or less effective than placebo or hormonal therapy" for the relief of menopause related symptoms. A 2012 Cochrane review found no difference in decreased
2742:
and the oral contraceptive pill, but the findings are of low methodological quality. A 2012 Cochrane review found weak evidence suggesting that some Chinese medicinal herbs have a similar effect at preventing and treating
5158:
3. Custom-Made Formulas - these formulas are composed by a TCM Practitioner, to match the specific diagnosis and medical condition of a patient. These formulas are often partially-based on the older, classic formulas.
2810:
is controversial within TCM. Modern Materia Medicas such as Bensky, Clavey and Stoger's comprehensive Chinese herbal text discuss substances derived from endangered species in an appendix, emphasizing alternatives.
2822:
with such substances, and the black market in rhinoceros horn, for example, has reduced the world's rhino population by more than 90 percent over the past 40 years. Concerns have also arisen over the use of turtle
303:
7502:
He, Tian-Tian; Lam Ung, Carolina Oi; Hu, Hao; Wang, Yi-Tao (February 2015). "Good manufacturing practice (GMP) regulation of herbal medicine in comparative research: China GMP, cGMP, WHO-GMP, PIC/S and EU-GMP".
1941:
formulas. From ancient times, pills were formed by combining several herbs and other ingredients, which were dried and ground into a powder. They were then mixed with a binder and formed into pills by hand. The
7289:
McGraw, J. B.; Lubbers, A. E.; Van Der Voort, M; Mooney, E. H.; Furedi, M. A.; Souther, S; Turner, J. B.; Chandler, J (2013). "Ecology and conservation of ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) in a changing world".
1848:
There are roughly 13,000 medicinals used in China and over 100,000 medicinal recipes recorded in the ancient literature. Plant elements and extracts are by far the most common elements used. In the classic
8075:
1661:
The "superior" category, which includes herbs effective for multiple diseases and are mostly responsible for maintaining and restoring the body balance. They have almost no unfavorable side-effects.
2339:
Color is not only a valuable means of identifying herbs, but in many cases also provides information about the therapeutic attributes of the herb. For example, yellow herbs are referred to as
2838:
as a medicinal. In 1988, the Chinese Ministry of Health started controlling bile production, which previously used bears killed before winter. Now bears are fitted with a sort of permanent
1872:
1457:
is misleading in the sense that, while plant elements are by far the most commonly used substances, animal, human, and mineral products are also used, some of which are poisonous. In the
7137:
296:
5137:
Traditional Chinese herbs are used either standalone, or in a grouping, jointly with other herbs. When several herbs are used together, this amalgamation is called a 'herbal formula'.
8723:
1390:
1657:) is considered as the oldest book on Chinese herbal medicine. It classifies 365 species of roots, grass, woods, furs, animals and stones into three categories of herbal medicine:
3182:
In Chinese herbology, there are 50 "fundamental" herbs, as given in the reference text, although these herbs are not universally recognized as such in other texts. The herbs are:
236:
7220:
Chen, Tien-Hsi; Chang, Hsien-Cheh; Lue, Kuang-Yang (2009). "Unregulated Trade in Turtle Shells for Chinese Traditional Medicine in East and Southeast Asia: The Case of Taiwan".
9516:
6296:
2871:
to assist the Asian traditional medicine trade has made ginseng the most harvested wild plant in North America for the last two centuries, which eventually led to a listing on
9123:
8131:"Exploring the mechanism of Guizhi decoction's "Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi" in treating plant nervous disorders based on weighted network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques"
289:
35:
5834:
2891:
2846:
are held in "bear farms", where they suffer cruel conditions while being held in tiny cages. The catheter leads through a permanent hole in the abdomen directly to the
8222:
8046:
1675:
has been lost; however, there are extant translations. The true date of origin is believed to fall into the late Western Han dynasty (i.e., the first century BCE).
784:
7158:
5735:
8847:
7738:
5986:"According to the experience of the author, 99% of prescriptions in the PR of China range from 6 to 20 herbs; in the majority, however, it is 9 to 12,..." From
2716:
Only a few trials exist that are considered to have adequate methodology by scientific standards. Proof of effectiveness is poorly documented or absent. A 2016
8071:
5147:- these are formulas which TCM practitioners believe have withstood the test of time over the centuries, and are mentioned in classical texts, such as the
2850:, which can cause severe pain. Increased international attention has mostly stopped the use of bile outside of China; gallbladders from butchered cattle (
1591:
Chinese herbs have been used for centuries. Among the earliest literature are lists of prescriptions for specific ailments, exemplified by the manuscript
8716:
7442:
1383:
459:
256:
251:
246:
43:
7817:
7793:
7767:
7714:
504:
241:
5307:
6726:
Zhao, P.; Wang, C.; Liu, W.; Chen, G.; Liu, X.; Wang, X.; Wang, B.; Yu, L.; Sun, Y.; Liang, X.; Yang, H.; Zhang, F. (2013). Avila, Matias A (ed.).
9116:
1875:, including bones, fingernail, hairs, dandruff, earwax, impurities on the teeth, feces, urine, sweat, and organs, but most are no longer in use.
7183:
7134:
5636:
9423:
9372:
7341:
Cao, Yu; Pistillo, Onofrio Marco; Lou, Yibin; D'Isita, Ilaria; Maggi, Filippo; Hu, Qiqi; Germinara, Giacinto Salvatore; Li, Can (August 2022).
1962:
Several producers of Chinese herbal medicines are pursuing FDA clinical trials to market their products as drugs in U.S. and European markets.
1073:
8259:
8025:
6916:
Gan, T.; Liu, Y. D.; Wang, Y.; Yang, J. (2010). Gan, Tao (ed.). "Traditional Chinese Medicine herbs for stopping bleeding from haemorrhoids".
9531:
9089:
8709:
8673:
8652:
8633:
8614:
8595:
8574:
8553:
8521:
8172:"Identifying roles of "Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi" component herbs of QiShenYiQi formula in treating acute myocardial ischemia by network pharmacology"
7937:
5971:
5931:
1376:
1033:
598:
187:
6947:
Zhu, X.; Proctor, M.; Bensoussan, A.; Wu, E.; Smith, C. A. (2008). Zhu, Xiaoshu (ed.). "Chinese herbal medicine for primary dysmenorrhoea".
1888:
1028:
7971:
1023:
874:
677:
7996:
7912:
5734:
Heyadri, Mojtaba; Hashempur, Mohammad Hashem; Ayati, Mohammad Hosein; Quintern, Detlev; Nimrouzi, Majid; Mosavat, Seyed Hamdollah (2015).
8812:
6028:
5171:
1716:) that could serve as targets for therapy. Having gone through numerous changes over time, it now circulates as two distinct books: the
984:
361:
7887:
7682:
6498:
5798:
9109:
8998:
8978:
7632:
7404:
7135:
Facts about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM): rhinoceros horn, as discussed in rhinoceros (mammal): – Britannica Online Encyclopedia
6327:
1548:
1090:
957:
6354:
6302:
8663:
8489:
7115:
5463:
1570:
1446:", and said that the most obvious reason why it has not delivered many cures is that the majority of its treatments have no logical
529:
7343:"Electrophysiological and behavioural responses of Stegobium paniceum to volatile compounds from Chinese medicinal plant materials"
6797:
2672:
However, many adverse reactions are due to misuse or abuse of Chinese medicine. For example, the misuse of the dietary supplement
9496:
6047:
5841:
2653:
Also, adulteration of some herbal medicine preparations with conventional drugs which may cause serious adverse effects, such as
1362:
1332:
199:
7259:
6269:
8479:
7661:
5361:
1840:(980–1037 CE). There were also multiple similarities between the clinical uses of these herbs in Chinese and Islamic medicine.
1294:
1274:
484:
368:
356:
268:
262:
8511:
8973:
8942:
6597:
Gill, S. K.; Rieder, M. J. (2008). "Toxicity of a traditional Chinese medicine, Ganoderma lucidum, in children with cancer".
6453:
Ko, RJ; Greenwald, MS; Loscutoff, SM; Au, AM; Appel, BR; Kreutzer, RA; Haddon, WF; Jackson, TY; Boo, FO; Presicek, G (1996).
5285:
5144:
1552:
1407:
1244:
1112:
1102:
991:
947:
182:
9536:
9526:
8543:
8413:"Gan Cao - 甘草 - (Zhi Gan Cao) - 甘草 (炙甘草) - Radix Glycyrrhizae - Chinese Herbs - American Dragon - Dr Joel Penner OMD, LAc"
6793:
1415:
1347:
514:
474:
320:
211:
8732:
8695:
7846:
5351:
5301:
5267:
2707:
2690:
for weight loss or erectile dysfunction are one of the main concerns. Chinese herbal medicine has been a major cause of
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2258:
2237:
2233:
2217:
2211:
2202:
2196:
2187:
2181:
2166:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2078:
1934:
1777:
1636:
BCE. He allegedly tasted hundreds of herbs and imparted his knowledge of medicinal and poisonous plants to farmers. His
1433:
1284:
1209:
1189:
1117:
1063:
169:
162:
8057:
769:
9546:
9433:
8875:
8792:
7742:
5356:
2014:
1697:
1234:
1152:
652:
62:
8455:
2243:
transforming phlegm, stopping coughing and calming wheezing or phlegm-transforming and cough- and panting-suppressing
1772:
Zhang Cong-zhen, 1156–1228) is credited with founding the 'Attacking School' which criticized the overuse of tonics.
1667:
A category of substances which must usually be taken in small doses, and for the treatment of specific diseases only.
5763:
8988:
5442:
Unschuld Paul U., Medicine in China: A History of Pharmaceutics, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. 1986
4968:
4139:
774:
593:
519:
69:
1541:
8957:
8937:
8585:
2981:
1043:
657:
603:
19:
8947:
8932:
7467:
Zhang, J; Wider, B; Shang, H; Li, X; Ernst, E (2012). "Quality of herbal medicines: Challenges and solutions".
4595:
2254:
2247:
1322:
489:
124:
7435:
4906:
In addition to the above, many other Chinese herbs and other substances are in common use, and these include:
8952:
8865:
8860:
7809:
7154:
4840:
4779:
4693:
2634:
1914:
1038:
996:
924:
804:
439:
151:
7788:
7763:
7710:
7657:
6712:
6656:
9551:
9521:
9454:
4926:
4330:
4299:
1808:
in western Asian and Islamic countries. They were traded through the Silk Road from the East to the West.
1484:
979:
969:
864:
216:
205:
192:
8564:
8258:
Chen, Yong; Zheng, Ji-nan; Fang, Jun; Li, Shen-Guang; Guan, Jiang-Long; Yang, Peiwei (5 September 2017).
5914:
Nie, Jing-Bao (2002). "'Human Drugs' in Chinese Medicine and the Confucian View: An Interpretive Study".
9362:
9251:
9169:
8983:
5295:
4110:
3985:
3556:
3402:
3188:
2599:
1639:
1432:) is the theory of traditional Chinese herbal therapy, which accounts for the majority of treatments in
1357:
964:
894:
734:
534:
399:
273:
76:
2650:
mushroom extract, as an adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy, appears to have the potential for toxicity.
8260:"Application of "Monarch, Minister, Assistant and Envoy" Principle to Rheumatoid Arthritis Management"
7179:
2734:. A 2008 Cochrane review found promising evidence for the use of Chinese herbal medicine in relieving
1478:
9449:
9341:
9321:
9211:
9065:
8837:
8756:
7299:
6739:
5643:
5407:
5290:
4661:
4457:
4396:
4364:
4240:
3956:
3527:
2799:
2628:
1701:
1327:
1056:
1016:
839:
702:
630:
578:
499:
406:
351:
328:
141:
112:
95:
5175:
An illustrative summary of commonly-used Envoy Herbs (Guiding Herbs) in Traditional Chinese Medicine
2790:
9428:
9392:
9256:
8412:
8021:
6554:
Wang, X.P.; Yang, R.M. (2003). "Movement Disorders Possibly Induced by Traditional Chinese Herbs".
5318:
5010:
4750:
4531:
3585:
3309:
2843:
2779:
2691:
1692:, between 196 and 220 CE. Focusing on drug prescriptions, it was the first medical work to combine
1447:
974:
759:
672:
449:
379:
156:
8328:
7941:
7105:
5491:"Placebo-controlled trials of Chinese herbal medicine and conventional medicine comparative study"
2301:
Many herbs earn their names from their unique physical appearance. Examples of such names include
9541:
9291:
9281:
9266:
9261:
8130:
7601:
7593:
7323:
7237:
6701:
6579:
6400:
5453:
4982:
4869:
4208:
4081:
4053:
4024:
3664:
2963:
2807:
2674:
2640:
2604:
2589:
2571:
2515:
Many herbs indigenous to other countries have been incorporated into the Chinese materia medica.
1342:
1317:
1254:
952:
779:
687:
667:
647:
573:
7975:
7408:
1857:
Some animal parts used as medicinals can be considered rather strange such as cows' gallstones.
1704:
was also the earliest Chinese medical text to group symptoms into clinically useful "patterns" (
8000:
7916:
6519:
Tsuneo, N; Ma, M; Inagaki, I (1988). "Insect derived crude drugs in the chinese song dynasty".
2882:, leading to the accumulation of this pest and further infestation and damage to these plants.
2419:
The locations or provinces in which herbs are grown often figure into herb names. For example,
9367:
9201:
9075:
8669:
8648:
8629:
8610:
8591:
8570:
8549:
8517:
8485:
8310:
8203:
8152:
7582:
7563:
7484:
7380:
7362:
7315:
7111:
7071:
7040:
Wang, Q.; Yiping, Z.; Jinlin, P.; Tao, Y.; Zhen, T.; Pengcheng, J. (2005). Wang, Qiong (ed.).
7022:
7004:
6960:
6929:
6898:
6849:
6767:
6693:
6645:
6606:
6571:
6536:
6476:
6435:
6392:
5967:
5927:
5896:
5790:
5755:
5615:
5553:
5512:
5459:
5425:
4267:
3927:
3871:
3824:
3786:
3454:
3269:
3237:
3208:
2944:
2872:
2682:) can lead to adverse events including gastrointestinal problems as well as sudden death from
2646:
1943:
884:
849:
754:
692:
640:
541:
131:
7867:
6025:
9484:
9382:
9377:
9179:
8427:"Gan cao, licorice, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Complementary and Alternative Healing University"
8300:
8290:
8193:
8183:
8142:
8109:
7891:
7686:
7574:
7553:
7543:
7512:
7476:
7370:
7354:
7307:
7229:
7061:
7053:
7012:
6996:
6952:
6921:
6888:
6880:
6839:
6831:
6757:
6747:
6683:
6637:
6563:
6528:
6494:
6466:
6427:
6418:
Ernst, E (March 2002). "Toxic heavy metals and undeclared drugs in Asian herbal medicines".
6384:
5919:
5886:
5878:
5778:
5747:
5605:
5543:
5502:
5415:
5398:
4722:
4629:
4560:
3629:
3341:
3202:
2879:
2868:
1438:
1142:
904:
764:
551:
146:
136:
7636:
6869:"Chinese herbs combined with Western medicine for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)"
6323:
2439:) originated in southern China. And the Chinese words for north and south are respectively
9326:
9174:
9164:
9070:
9048:
8898:
8893:
8883:
7797:
7141:
6348:
6051:
6032:
5324:
5193:
Da Ji, Hai Zao and Gan Sui. It may also alter the therapeutic effects of corticosteroids.
4428:
3498:
3373:
2929:
2898:
2815:
2769:
2717:
2644:; although there is no evidence that they cause liver damage. Contrary to popular belief,
1955:
1951:
1759:
1685:
1460:
1312:
1269:
854:
844:
719:
682:
620:
588:
583:
556:
494:
464:
107:
4307:
8096:
Dong, Jingcheng; Lu, Linwei; Le, Jingjing; Yan, Chen; Zhang, Hongying; Li, Lulu (2018).
7532:"DNA barcoding detects contamination and substitution in North American herbal products"
7303:
6785:
6743:
5411:
1762:
Suwen including Chapter 74 was added by Wang Bing in his 765 edition. In which it says:
9296:
8903:
8888:
8342:
8305:
8282:
8198:
8171:
7558:
7531:
7530:
Newmaster, S. G.; Grguric, M; Shanmughanandhan, D; Ramalingam, S; Ragupathy, S (2013).
7375:
7342:
7066:
7041:
7017:
6984:
6893:
6868:
6844:
6819:
6762:
6727:
6471:
6454:
5891:
5866:
4912:
3895:
3696:
3086:
2748:
2722:
2687:
2683:
2658:
2654:
2594:
1861:
1653:
1289:
1162:
929:
914:
829:
749:
744:
118:
8356:
7255:
6431:
6044:
5751:
5205:
9510:
9459:
9301:
9226:
8701:
6688:
6671:
6532:
6388:
6275:
5341:
5247:
4179:
3725:
2775:
2711:
2666:
1866:
1724:
1718:
1443:
1224:
1199:
1107:
1097:
909:
824:
739:
662:
625:
568:
546:
434:
384:
7327:
7241:
6705:
6672:"Adulteration of Chinese herbal medicines with synthetic drugs: a systematic review"
6625:
6583:
1758:
There was a shift in emphasis in treatment over several centuries. A section of the
9306:
8797:
8766:
7057:
7000:
6956:
6925:
6884:
6835:
6404:
5148:
5038:
3754:
2847:
2819:
2753:
2735:
2731:
2611:
2577:
2566:
2555:
1805:
1794:
1752:
1729:
1693:
1680:
1664:
A category comprising tonics and boosters, whose consumption must not be prolonged.
1279:
1249:
1122:
1001:
889:
814:
714:
709:
615:
610:
561:
524:
469:
454:
8384:
1950:
These medicines are not patented in the traditional sense of the word. No one has
1583:
8223:"A Brief Discussion on Chinese Medicine Behaviour and Prescription Compatibility"
8170:
Wu, Leihong; Wang, Yi; Li, Zheng; Zhang, Boli; Cheng, Yiyu; Fan, Xiaohui (2014).
6752:
5684:
Du Halde J-B (1736): Description géographique, historique etc. de la Chine, Paris
2905:
There are over 300 herbs in common use. Some of the most commonly used herbs are
9387:
9042:
8771:
8746:
8495:
7516:
6324:"Chinese medicine Natrii Sulfas not to be confused with chemical Sodium Nitrite"
5918:. Philosophy and Medicine. Vol. 61. Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 167–206.
5367:
3883:
2760:
2507:), literally 'restore the broken,' treating torn soft tissues and broken bones.
2208:
promoting the movement of water and percolating dampness or dampness-percolating
1979:
There are several different methods to classify traditional Chinese medicinals:
1738:
1689:
1530:
1239:
1157:
869:
794:
789:
729:
509:
479:
429:
424:
389:
336:
100:
8527:
7578:
7480:
6641:
9479:
9469:
9346:
9336:
9276:
9241:
9236:
9036:
8244:
8114:
8097:
6626:"Toxicities by herbal medicines with emphasis to traditional Chinese medicine"
5346:
5336:
5257:
5253:
5237:
5094:
5052:
4888:
4885:
4882:
4856:
4853:
4827:
4824:
4812:
4809:
4797:
4766:
4763:
4738:
4735:
4709:
4706:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4648:
4645:
4642:
4617:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4573:
4547:
4544:
4518:
4515:
4512:
4509:
4497:
4494:
4491:
4488:
4476:
4473:
4470:
4444:
4441:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4351:
4348:
4317:
4314:
4286:
4283:
4280:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4195:
4192:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4126:
4123:
4097:
4094:
4069:
4066:
4040:
4037:
4012:
4009:
4006:
3991:
3972:
3969:
3943:
3940:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3840:
3837:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3799:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3741:
3738:
3712:
3709:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3572:
3569:
3543:
3540:
3514:
3511:
3485:
3482:
3470:
3467:
3441:
3438:
3426:
3423:
3389:
3386:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3224:
3221:
2878:
Chinese medicinal plant materials (CMPMs) release chemicals that attracts the
2525:), imported from North American crops, translates as 'western ginseng,' while
1833:
1798:
1337:
834:
819:
809:
697:
444:
394:
8398:
8156:
7842:
7548:
7366:
7008:
5882:
9474:
9246:
9206:
9196:
9149:
9101:
8832:
8690:
8426:
6375:
Ernst, E (November 2000). "Adverse effects of herbal drugs in dermatology".
5923:
5532:"Herbal medicine, randomised controlled trials and global core competencies"
5312:
5080:
5066:
3129:
2937:
2924:
2835:
2744:
2679:
2662:
2622:
2562:
2550:
2497:), literally 'prevent wind,' preventing or treating wind-related illnesses.
1938:
1902:
1897:
1828:
are mentioned as Chinese herbs by medieval Islamic medical scholars Such as
1596:
1454:
1259:
1219:
1194:
899:
859:
724:
51:
8314:
8295:
8207:
8188:
7586:
7567:
7488:
7384:
7319:
7075:
7026:
6964:
6933:
6902:
6853:
6771:
6697:
6649:
6610:
6575:
6439:
6396:
5794:
5759:
5619:
5610:
5593:
5557:
5516:
5429:
5140:
There are, generally speaking, three types of herbal formulas used in TCM:
2535:), grown in and imported from North Asian countries, is 'eastern ginseng.'
8459:
7590:. If this is an intentional citation to a retracted paper, please replace
6540:
6480:
5900:
2135:). Substances may also have more than one flavor, or none (i.e., a bland (
9418:
9397:
9316:
9286:
9191:
9159:
9018:
8993:
8370:
8147:
7816:. International Legume Database & Information Service. 16 June 2018.
5867:"Health in China. Traditional Chinese medicine: One country, two systems"
5507:
5490:
4954:
3071:
2839:
2828:
2824:
2795:
2774:
which is traditionally used to treat fever. Chinese herbology is largely
2583:
2575:, Ban mao), and certain fungi. There are health problems associated with
2545:
1837:
1809:
1607:
1172:
1080:
919:
373:
24:
9331:
9271:
9231:
9186:
9144:
9030:
9024:
8917:
8283:"Synergism of Chinese Herbal Medicine: Illustrated by Danshen Compound"
8072:"Cap 549 Sched 2 CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES (CHINESE MEDICINE ORDINANCE)"
7311:
7233:
5779:"Certain progress of clinical research on Chinese integrative medicine"
5263:
5241:
5108:
4996:
2906:
2764:
2616:
2311:), 'cow's knees,' which has big joints that might look like cow knees;
1959:
medicines of the same name, and even different ingredients altogether.
1817:
1555: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1264:
1182:
1147:
1137:
879:
6567:
5548:
5531:
4255:
4252:
2814:
Parts of endangered species used as TCM drugs include tiger bones and
2091:
1751:; 'Treatise on the Nature of Medicinal Herbs'), a 7th-century
9464:
9221:
8827:
8822:
8817:
8807:
8802:
8776:
8761:
5271:
4940:
3029:
1829:
1821:
1813:
1482:
1423:
1352:
1177:
1132:
799:
7358:
6202:
Bensky, Dan; Clavey, Steven; Stonger, Erich; Gamble, Andrew (2004).
5420:
5393:
5250:(died 1933), Chinese herbalist, martial artist and tactical advisor.
2842:, which is more profitable than killing the bears. More than 12,000
2081:
diseases, while cool and cold herbs are used to treat hot diseases.
1632:), a mythical god-like figure, who is said to have lived around 2800
7155:"Will traditional Chinese medicine mean the end of the wild tiger?"
9311:
9154:
7256:"NOVA Online | Kingdom of the Seahorse | Amanda Vincent"
5947:
Awaya, Tsuyoshi (June 1999). "The Human Body as a New Commodity".
5330:
5170:
5024:
3105:
2789:
2739:
2395:) is 'sweet herb,' an adequate description for the licorice root.
2090:
1887:
1825:
1728:, which were edited separately in the eleventh century, under the
1582:
1229:
1204:
1085:
635:
18:
8628:. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan.
7997:"Ligusticum wallichii | Plants For A Future database report"
7913:"Euphorbia pekinensis | Plants For A Future database report"
5266:(1862–1952), migrated to the United States in 1887 and practiced
9216:
8385:"Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Formula for Autumn Wellness"
5489:
Shang, A.; Huwiler, K.; Nartey, L.; Jüni, P.; Egger, M. (2007).
2726:
1214:
1068:
9105:
8705:
7938:"Securinega suffruticosa – Plants For A Future database report"
7131:
Facts about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM): rhinoceros horn
7961:
Xiandai Hanyu Cidian. Commercial Press, fifth Edition, p. 844.
7888:"Dichroa febrifuga | Plants For A Future database report"
7683:"Alangium chinense | Plants For A Future database report"
6867:
Liu, X.; Zhang, M.; He, L.; Li, Y. (2012). Li, Youping (ed.).
5200:
2141:) flavor). Each of the Five Flavors corresponds to one of the
1524:
7972:"Glycyrrhiza uralensis – Plants For A Future database report"
7633:"Agastache rugosa | Plants For A Future database report"
1681:
Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders and Miscellaneous Illnesses
7843:"Huang qi, Complementary and Alternative Healing University"
6455:"Lethal ingestion of Chinese herbal tea containing ch'an su"
6024:
Chinese Herbal Medicine Passes FDA Phase II Clinical Trials
5667:
5665:
5663:
5661:
2626:. The evidence suggests that hepatotoxic herbs also include
1801:, which is still used today for consultation and reference.
8855:
1167:
6026:
http://www.suntenglobal.com/news/show.php?ID=218&page=
5962:
Scheper-Hughes, Nancy; Wacquant, Loïc J. D., eds. (2002).
2379:
Unique flavors define specific names for some substances.
2321:), 'white wood ear', which is white and resembles an ear;
23:
Dried herbs and plant portions for Chinese herbology at a
8607:
The Evolution of Chinese Medicine: Song Dynasty, 960-1200
1873:
traditional Chinese medicines derived from the human body
8098:"Philosophical thinking of Chinese Traditional Medicine"
7153:
Brian K. Weirum, Special to the Chronicle (2007-11-11).
6790:
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
1775:
Arguably the most important of these later works is the
1735:
Succeeding generations augmented these works, as in the
8221:
Steven, Loh Cheng Toa; Yi, Goh Xin (11 December 2020).
7436:"WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy, 2014–2023; page 41"
6983:
Jiang, Lanhui; Deng, Linyu; Wu, Taixiang (2013-03-28).
5455:
Introduction to English Terminology of Chinese Medicine
5217:
2864:) are recommended as a substitute for this ingredient.
2473:) are both found in Sichuan province, as the character
1481:
points out that this is similar etymology to the Greek
8245:"Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi Formulation » RAW Forest Foods"
7837:
7835:
8665:
Chinese materia medica: combinations and applications
8566:
Herbal emissaries: bringing Chinese herbs to the West
8287:
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
6728:"Causes and Outcomes of Acute Liver Failure in China"
5736:"The use of Chinese herbal drugs in Islamic medicine"
5315:, for the use of medicinal herbs in other traditions.
4875:
4846:
4817:
4802:
4790:
4756:
4728:
4699:
4667:
4635:
4601:
4566:
4537:
4502:
4481:
4463:
4434:
4402:
4370:
4341:
4305:
4273:
4246:
4214:
4185:
4153:
4116:
4087:
4059:
4030:
3999:
3962:
3933:
3901:
3877:
3845:
3830:
3792:
3760:
3731:
3702:
3670:
3635:
3591:
3562:
3533:
3504:
3475:
3460:
3431:
3416:
3379:
3347:
3315:
3283:
3243:
3214:
2561:
Substances known to be potentially dangerous include
2526:
2516:
2498:
2488:
2474:
2464:
2454:
2446:
2440:
2430:
2420:
2402:
2396:
2386:
2380:
2362:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2322:
2312:
2302:
2095:
The Five Phases, which correspond to the Five Flavors
1864:
1782:
1736:
1705:
1637:
1458:
8329:"Chinese Herbal Medicine | Deep Roots Wellness"
7764:"Anisodus tanguticus in Flora of China @efloras.org"
5256:(died 1908), Burmese Chinese herbalist, inventor of
2429:) is grown and harvested in northern China, whereas
2331:), 'dog spine,' which resembles the spine of a dog.
1896:
Typically, one batch of medicinals is prepared as a
9442:
9406:
9355:
9137:
9058:
9011:
8966:
8925:
8916:
8874:
8846:
8785:
8739:
7711:"Alangium chinense in Flora of China @ efloras.org"
7705:
7703:
6045:
https://yinsclinic.com/chinese-herbal-extract-faqs/
2763:is one of few examples, as effective treatment for
7658:"Agastache rugosa in Flora of China @ efloras.org"
7110:(2 ed.). Paradigm Publications. p. 904.
6180:
6178:
6176:
6174:
6172:
6170:
6168:
6166:
6164:
6162:
6132:
6130:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6122:
6120:
6118:
6116:
6114:
7042:"Chinese herbal medicines for acute pancreatitis"
6820:"Chinese herbal medicine for menopausal symptoms"
6252:
6250:
6160:
6158:
6156:
6154:
6152:
6150:
6148:
6146:
6144:
6142:
6112:
6110:
6108:
6106:
6104:
6102:
6100:
6098:
6096:
6094:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6063:
6061:
6059:
2892:List of medicines in traditional Chinese medicine
7685:. Plants for a Future. June 2004. Archived from
1954:to the formula. Instead, "patent" refers to the
1804:The use of Chinese herbs was popular during the
1606:The first traditionally recognized herbalist is
8129:Ye, Xiao-Bin; Jing, Mi; Liu, Qing-Song (2023).
2286:astriction-promoting or securing and astringing
2223:dispersing food accumulation or food-dispersing
2169:, purges the bowels, and eliminates dampness".
2099:The Five Flavors, sometimes also translated as
8371:"Chinese Herbal Medicine | Shan Wellness"
8264:Journal of Rheumatology and Arthritic Diseases
7868:"Datura stramonium information from NPGS/GRIN"
7733:
7731:
7279:"治人病还是救熊命——对养熊"引流熊胆"的思考"南风窗. November 12, 2002
1892:A traditional Chinese herbal decoction (湯劑/汤剂)
9117:
8717:
7398:
7396:
7394:
7180:"Rhino rescue plan decimates Asian antelopes"
5673:Medicine in China, A History of Pharmaceutics
5117:
5099:
5085:
5070:
5057:
5043:
5029:
5015:
5001:
4987:
4973:
4959:
4945:
4931:
4917:
2136:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2072:
2066:
2060:
1788:
1763:
1711:
1645:
1611:
1502:
1466:
1384:
297:
8:
8647:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
8590:(in German). Elsevier, Urban & Fischer.
6978:
6976:
6974:
5587:
5484:
5482:
2738:, compared to conventional medicine such as
2708:Traditional Chinese medicine § Efficacy
1725:Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Casket
1501:) is usually preferred as a translation for
9517:Plants used in traditional Chinese medicine
7046:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6989:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6949:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6918:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6873:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6824:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6225:
6223:
6221:
6219:
6217:
6215:
6213:
5721:
5585:
5583:
5581:
5579:
5577:
5575:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5567:
2597:has been reported with products containing
1617:
9124:
9110:
9102:
8922:
8843:
8724:
8710:
8702:
8626:Traditional Medicine in Contemporary China
8481:Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology
7622:. Le Corps a Vivre series. Éditions Tchou.
7604:|...|intentional=yes}}
7292:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
7107:A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine
6818:Zhu, X; Liew, Y; Liu, ZL (15 March 2016).
5631:
5629:
3889:Blue evergreen hydrangea, Chinese quinine
2569:, powdered centipede, the Chinese beetle (
2267:supplementing or tonifying: this includes
2145:, which in turn corresponds to one of the
1477:) which means toxin, poison, or medicine.
1391:
1377:
460:Association for Research and Enlightenment
315:
304:
290:
44:History of science and technology in China
30:
8304:
8294:
8281:Su, X.; Yao, Z.; Li, S.; Sun, H. (2016).
8197:
8187:
8146:
8113:
7557:
7547:
7374:
7065:
7016:
6892:
6843:
6761:
6751:
6687:
6599:Canadian Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
6470:
6301:. news.gov.hk. 2004-05-03. Archived from
5890:
5821:
5817:
5815:
5609:
5547:
5506:
5419:
5388:
5386:
5384:
1571:Learn how and when to remove this message
1442:editorial described TCM as "fraught with
8587:Traditionelle Chinesische Innere Medizin
8343:"Chinese Herbs » Alban Acupuncture"
8102:Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine
7505:European Journal of Integrative Medicine
6786:"Traditional Chinese Medicine: In Depth"
6229:
6012:
5987:
5709:
5308:Hallucinogenic plants in Chinese herbals
3184:
2902:conditions for which they are intended.
2548:); in some cases it could not (i.e., in
2371:) has the label 'golden silver flower."
2077:). Hot and warm herbs are used to treat
7091:Chinese Herbal Medicine Material Medica
6985:"Chinese medicinal herbs for influenza"
6204:Chinese Herbal Medicine: Materia Medica
6136:Xu & Wang 2002, Summary of Contents
5380:
4944:(sun-dried tangerine (mandarin) peel) (
2581:. Toxic effects are also frequent with
2261:or liver-calming and wind-extinguishing
327:
42:
8227:Journal of Human and Clinical Genetics
7430:
7428:
7426:
5594:"Toxicological risks of Chinese herbs"
2806:The traditional practice of using now-
8645:Medicine in China: A History of Ideas
8510:Chen, John K.; Chen, Tina T. (2009).
8478:Chen, John K.; Chen, Tina T. (2004).
8399:"The Interactions of Herbs and Drugs"
7448:from the original on 18 November 2017
7403:Barrett, Stephen (23 November 2013).
6256:
6241:
6197:
6195:
6193:
6184:
6085:
6073:
5697:
5693:
5675:, 本草, University of California Press.
5495:International Journal of Epidemiology
5452:Nigel Wiseman; Ye Feng (2002-08-01).
4144:
3407:
3274:
3196:English common name (when available)
2759:Successful results have been scarce:
2587:. To avoid its toxic adverse effects
1769:
1755:Chinese treatise on herbal medicine.
7:
7620:La Médecine chinoise par les plantes
5642:. cultural-china.com. Archived from
5240:(1898–1981), Chinese herbalist from
2782:for the majority of its treatments.
2229:stopping bleeding or blood-stanching
1971:pound of herbal extract is derived.
1553:adding citations to reliable sources
8668:(1st ed.). Donica Publishing.
7469:Complementary Therapies in Medicine
7441:. World Health Organization. 2013.
7204:"Rhino horn: All myth, no medicine"
5530:Siegfried, N. L; Hughes, G (2012).
2798:like these are extensively used in
2292:substances for external application
2157:; sourness tends to be astringent (
8733:Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
8609:. London and New York: Routledge.
7222:Chelonian Conservation and Biology
7089:Bensky, Clavey and Stoger (2004).
6420:Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
6377:The British Journal of Dermatology
5835:"The Importance of Aconite (fuzi)"
2319:Fructificatio tremellae fuciformis
2193:downward-draining or precipitating
1688:, also sometime at the end of the
16:Traditional Chinese herbal therapy
14:
7820:from the original on 28 July 2020
7739:"2015 Top MBBS Programs in China"
6206:(Third ed.). Eastland Press.
5949:The Review of Tokuyama University
2177:These categories mainly include:
1719:Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders
530:Chiropractic treatment techniques
9497:List of plants used in herbalism
8689:
8545:Pocket Atlas of Chinese Medicine
8513:Pocket Atlas of Chinese Medicine
6711:
6689:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2002.00999.x
6655:
6389:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03822.x
5204:
2184:-releasing or exterior-resolving
2165:) in nature; bitterness "drains
1671:The original text of Shennong's
1529:
1333:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
335:
50:
8542:Ergil, M.; et al. (2009).
8078:from the original on 2012-11-23
8028:from the original on 2012-11-02
7849:from the original on 2001-05-01
7770:from the original on 2008-03-03
7717:from the original on 2008-03-01
7664:from the original on 2012-10-20
7262:from the original on 2017-10-26
7186:from the original on 2008-05-17
7161:from the original on 2009-02-01
7104:Nigel Wiseman; Ye Feng (1998).
7093:(3rd ed.). Eastland Press.
6800:from the original on 2017-04-04
6501:from the original on 2011-01-05
6459:The Western Journal of Medicine
6357:from the original on 2011-07-07
6330:from the original on 2009-08-19
5801:from the original on 2011-07-07
5740:Journal of Integrative Medicine
5362:Traditional Vietnamese medicine
5333:(traditional Japanese medicine)
2411:) translates as 'bitter herb.'
2309:Radix cyathulae seu achyranthis
1901:the use of other substances as
1540:needs additional citations for
369:Alternative veterinary medicine
7058:10.1002/14651858.CD003631.pub2
7001:10.1002/14651858.CD004559.pub4
6957:10.1002/14651858.CD005288.pub3
6926:10.1002/14651858.CD006791.pub2
6885:10.1002/14651858.CD004882.pub3
6836:10.1002/14651858.CD009023.pub2
6495:"Centipede, Acupuncture Today"
5671:Unschuld, Paul Ulrich (1986),
5286:Chinese classic herbal formula
5188:Matching and Contrasting Herbs
4525:Sarpagandha, Indian snakeroot
3335:(translated) Mountain henbane
3170:
3165:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3124:
3114:
3100:
3095:
3091:
3080:
3066:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3033:
3024:
3014:
3004:
2994:
2989:
2985:
2976:
2971:
2967:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2935:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2860:
2855:
2851:
2162:
2158:
2132:
2128:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2027:
2022:
2018:
2006:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1748:
1744:
1509:
1473:
1428:
1419:
1411:
992:Water fluoridation controversy
948:Big Pharma conspiracy theories
237:Neolithic and early Bronze Age
1:
8458:. Likenews.tw. Archived from
6794:National Institutes of Health
6432:10.1016/s0165-6147(00)01972-6
5752:10.1016/S2095-4964(15)60205-9
5536:South African Medical Journal
3008:), cinnamon (cinnamon twigs (
2461:Bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae
1851:Handbook of Traditional Drugs
1363:Wilson's temperature syndrome
1348:Multiple chemical sensitivity
475:Biological terrain assessment
9532:Traditional Chinese medicine
8696:Traditional Chinese medicine
8563:Foster, S.; Yue, C. (1992).
8056:(in Chinese). Archived from
8054:Hong Kong Baptist University
7407:. Quackwatch. Archived from
6753:10.1371/journal.pone.0080991
6533:10.1016/0378-8741(88)90157-2
6521:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
6274:. Hkcccm.com. Archived from
6043:Chinese Herbal Extract FAQs
6011:) of ancillary herbs." From
5865:Hesketh, T; Zhu, WX (1997).
5352:Traditional Chinese medicine
5302:Compendium of Materia Medica
5268:traditional Chinese medicine
3690:Chinese poppy of Yan Hu Sou
2686:. Products adulterated with
2240:-quickening or blood-moving.
2220:-regulating or qi-rectifying
1935:traditional Chinese medicine
1778:Compendium of Materia Medica
1483:
1434:traditional Chinese medicine
9059:Contemporary related topics
8456:"史上第一長壽！256歲的李青雲 長壽秘訣只有一個字"
7517:10.1016/j.eujim.2014.11.007
7133:, Encyclopædia Britannica,
6624:Efferth T, Kaina B (2011).
6326:. Info.gov.hk. 2004-05-03.
5871:BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)
5357:Traditional Korean medicine
4876:
4847:
4818:
4803:
4791:
4757:
4729:
4700:
4668:
4636:
4602:
4589:Chinese or Eastern rhubarb
4567:
4538:
4503:
4482:
4464:
4435:
4403:
4371:
4342:
4306:
4274:
4247:
4215:
4186:
4154:
4117:
4088:
4060:
4031:
4000:
3963:
3934:
3902:
3878:
3846:
3831:
3793:
3761:
3732:
3703:
3671:
3636:
3592:
3563:
3534:
3505:
3476:
3461:
3432:
3417:
3380:
3348:
3316:
3284:
3244:
3215:
2527:
2517:
2499:
2489:
2475:
2465:
2455:
2447:
2441:
2431:
2421:
2403:
2397:
2387:
2381:
2363:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2323:
2313:
2303:
2043:The Four Natures are: hot (
1865:
1783:
1765:主病之謂君，佐君之謂臣，應臣之謂使，非上下三品之謂也。
1737:
1706:
1638:
1459:
1024:Alternative medical systems
653:Fabunan Antiviral Injection
419:Fringe medicine and science
9568:
8643:Unschuld, Paul U. (1985).
8605:Goldschmidt, Asaf (2009).
7579:10.1186/s12916-024-03504-x
7481:10.1016/j.ctim.2011.09.004
6642:10.2174/138920011798062328
4969:Concretio silicea bambusae
4140:Hydnocarpus anthelminticus
3396:Tatar aster, Tartar aster
2889:
2705:
2523:Radix panacis quinquefolii
2479:indicates in their names.
2361:) means 'yellow fir," and
1912:
1034:Biologically based therapy
594:Dental amalgam controversy
9493:
9132:Medicinal herbs and fungi
9084:
8662:Xu, L.; Wang, W. (2002).
8516:. Art of Medicine Press.
8484:. Art of Medicine Press.
8357:"Chinese Herbal Medicine"
8115:10.1142/S2575900018100018
5458:. Paradigm Publications.
5118:
5100:
5086:
5071:
5058:
5044:
5030:
5016:
5002:
4988:
4974:
4960:
4946:
4932:
4918:
4881:
4852:
4823:
4808:
4796:
4762:
4734:
4705:
4673:
4641:
4607:
4572:
4543:
4508:
4487:
4469:
4440:
4408:
4376:
4347:
4313:
4279:
4220:
4191:
4159:
4122:
4093:
4065:
4036:
4005:
3968:
3939:
3907:
3851:
3836:
3798:
3766:
3737:
3708:
3676:
3641:
3609:
3597:
3579:Cassia, Chinese cinnamon
3568:
3539:
3510:
3481:
3466:
3437:
3422:
3385:
3353:
3321:
3289:
3249:
3220:
3119:
3109:
3075:
3061:
3019:
3009:
2999:
2928:
2236:and dispelling stasis or
2137:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2001:
1919:Chinese patent medicine (
1860:Furthermore, the classic
1789:
1764:
1712:
1646:
1612:
1503:
1467:
658:Facilitated communication
77:the Four Great Inventions
8994:San Jiao / Triple Warmer
8584:Kiessler, Malte (2005).
8135:Drug Combination Therapy
8048:
7549:10.1186/1741-7015-11-222
6497:. Acupuncturetoday.com.
6349:
6297:
6270:
5883:10.1136/bmj.315.7100.115
5638:
4596:Rhododendron qinghaiense
1937:. They are standardized
1871:describes the use of 35
1700:with drug therapy. This
1599:which were sealed in 168
1489:and so he uses the term
1465:they are referred to as
1323:Candida hypersensitivity
505:Fake COVID-19 treatments
319:This article is part of
8762:Chinese massage (Tuina)
7810:"Astragalus propinquus"
7741:. CUCAS. Archived from
7347:Pest Management Science
5966:. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
5924:10.1007/0-306-46867-0_7
5783:Chinese Medical Journal
5777:Chen, K; Yu, B (1999).
4841:Trichosanthes kirilowii
4780:Styphnolobium japonicum
4694:Scutellaria baicalensis
3411:Astragalus membranaceus
3231:Korean mint, Patchouli
2802:in China and elsewhere.
2635:Astragalus membranaceus
1966:Chinese herbal extracts
1915:Chinese patent medicine
1909:Chinese patent medicine
1593:Recipes for 52 Ailments
997:COVID-19 misinformation
925:Young blood transfusion
805:Orthomolecular medicine
770:Mind–body interventions
440:Anthroposophic medicine
380:Rise of modern medicine
9455:Doctrine of signatures
8694:Quotations related to
8624:Sivin, Nathan (1987).
8569:. Healing Arts Press.
8189:10.1186/1749-8546-9-24
8074:. Legislation.gov.hk.
7405:"The herbal minefield"
6230:Chen & Chen (2004)
5611:10.1055/s-0030-1250533
5176:
4927:Arisaema heterophyllum
4687:Chinese magnolia vine
4331:Platycladus orientalis
4300:Phellodendron amurense
3263:Chinese Alangium root
2818:. Poachers supply the
2803:
2565:, secretions from the
2533:Radix ginseng Japonica
2103:, are: acrid/pungent (
2096:
2034:The specific function.
1893:
1793:) compiled during the
1588:
1029:Mind–body intervention
980:MMR vaccine and autism
970:Vaccine misinformation
865:Rapid prompting method
28:
8022:"Rehmannia glutinosa"
7596:|...}}
7573:(Retracted, see
6678:(Systematic Review).
5822:Foster & Yue 1992
5406:(7150): 105–6. 2007.
5296:Chinese Ophthalmology
5174:
4111:Glycyrrhiza uralensis
3986:Flueggea suffruticosa
3403:Astragalus propinquus
3189:Binomial nomenclature
3018:) and cinnamon bark (
2793:
2706:Further information:
2669:, has been reported.
2608:Polygonum multiflorum
2600:Reynoutria multiflora
2409:Sophorae flavescentis
2401:means 'bitter', thus
2094:
1891:
1640:Shénnóng Běn Cǎo Jīng
1587:Chinese pharmacopoeia
1586:
1358:Vertebral subluxation
1307:Alternative diagnoses
895:Thought Field Therapy
535:Vertebral subluxation
22:
9537:Alternative medicine
9527:Traditional medicine
9450:Alternative medicine
9066:Alternative medicine
8838:Chen-style taijiquan
8757:Chinese medical doll
8440:振林金 (January 1984).
8296:10.1155/2016/7279361
8148:10.53388/DCT20230001
7182:. Newscientist.com.
5291:Chinese food therapy
4662:Schisandra chinensis
4458:Rauvolfia serpentina
4397:Psilopeganum sinense
4365:Pseudolarix amabilis
4241:Ligusticum wallichii
4104:Chinese honeylocust
3957:Euphorbia pekinensis
3528:Carthamus tinctorius
3448:Mongolian milkvetch
3278:Pulsatilla chinensis
3178:50 fundamental herbs
2800:traditional medicine
2736:painful menstruation
2629:Dictamnus dasycarpus
2495:Radix Saposhnikoviae
1549:improve this article
1328:Chronic Lyme disease
1057:Traditional medicine
1039:Manipulative methods
840:Postural Integration
703:Bach flower remedies
579:Craniosacral therapy
407:Therapeutic nihilism
352:Alternative medicine
329:Alternative medicine
170:Traditional medicine
163:Units of measurement
9373:Echigoshirayukidake
7978:on January 15, 2009
7944:on January 17, 2009
7919:on January 16, 2009
7894:on January 17, 2009
7618:Wong, Ming (1976).
7304:2013NYASA1286...62M
7208:National Geographic
6744:2013PLoSO...880991Z
6278:on January 19, 2008
5964:Commodifying Bodies
5916:Confucian Bioethics
5412:2007Natur.448S.105.
5319:Japanese star anise
5011:Dalbergia odorifera
4902:Other Chinese herbs
4751:Stephania tetrandra
4532:Rehmannia glutinosa
4358:Chinese arborvitae
4234:Chinese motherwort
3658:Chinese goldthread
3586:Cissampelos pareira
3310:Anisodus tanguticus
2844:asiatic black bears
2780:mechanism of action
2692:acute liver failure
2593:must be processed.
2415:Geographic location
2359:Cortex Phellodendri
2246:Spirit-quieting or
1448:mechanism of action
1408:traditional Chinese
975:Vaccines and autism
965:Anti-vaccinationism
958:OPV AIDS hypothesis
760:Megavitamin therapy
673:Functional medicine
450:Applied kinesiology
346:General information
63:List of discoveries
9547:Chinese traditions
9429:Japanese herbology
9407:Regional practices
7796:2008-03-03 at the
7312:10.1111/nyas.12032
7234:10.2744/CCB-0747.1
7140:2011-06-29 at the
6556:European Neurology
6244:, pp. 234–236
6050:2018-07-09 at the
6031:2012-04-02 at the
5646:on 29 January 2011
5508:10.1093/ije/dym119
5216:. You can help by
5177:
4983:Cordyceps sinensis
4895:Indian stringbush
4870:Wikstroemia indica
4209:Leonurus japonicus
4082:Gleditsia sinensis
4054:Gentiana loureiroi
4047:Weeping forsythia
4025:Forsythia suspensa
3950:Hardy rubber tree
3794:zǐ huā màn tuó luó
3665:Corydalis yanhusuo
2808:endangered species
2804:
2786:Ecological impacts
2641:Paeonia lactiflora
2590:Xanthium sibiricum
2572:Mylabris phalerata
2393:Radix glycyrrhizae
2385:means 'sweet,' so
2097:
2000:The Five Flavors (
1983:The Four Natures (
1894:
1589:
1416:simplified Chinese
1343:Leaky gut syndrome
1318:Aerotoxic syndrome
1255:Prophetic medicine
953:HIV/AIDS denialism
780:Myofascial release
688:Holistic dentistry
668:Feldenkrais Method
648:Estrogen dominance
574:Conversion therapy
70:List of inventions
29:
9504:
9503:
9424:Islamic herbology
9414:Chinese herbology
9282:Purple coneflower
9099:
9098:
9076:Medicine in China
9007:
9006:
8912:
8911:
8752:Chinese herbology
8675:978-1-901149-02-9
8654:978-0-520-05023-5
8635:978-0-89264-074-4
8616:978-0-415-42655-8
8597:978-3-437-57220-3
8576:978-0-89281-349-0
8555:978-3-13-141611-7
8523:978-0-9740635-7-7
7639:on April 12, 2006
7411:on 18 August 2018
6568:10.1159/000073056
5973:978-0-7619-4034-0
5933:978-0-7923-5723-0
5549:10.7196/samj.6392
5394:"Hard to swallow"
5234:
5233:
5184:or organ system.
5163:Formula Hierarchy
5133:Types of Formulas
4899:
4898:
4863:Chinese cucumber
4568:yào yòng dà huáng
4554:Chinese foxglove
4293:Creeping lobelia
4268:Lobelia chinensis
4173:Chaulmoogra tree
4148:H. anthelminthica
3928:Eucommia ulmoides
3872:Dichroa febrifuga
3865:Noble dendrobium
3825:Dendrobium nobile
3787:Datura stramonium
3637:duǎn è huáng lián
3557:Cinnamomum cassia
3455:Camellia sinensis
3270:Anemone chinensis
3238:Alangium chinense
3209:Pogostemon cablin
2945:Angelica sinensis
2873:CITES Appendix II
2647:Ganoderma lucidum
2511:Country of origin
2487:Some herbs, like
2437:Radix adenophorae
2289:vomiting-inducing
2173:Specific function
1854:harvesting them.
1836:(930–994 CE) and
1581:
1580:
1573:
1493:. Thus, the term
1404:Chinese herbology
1401:
1400:
1128:Chinese herbology
885:Scientific racism
850:Psychodermatology
755:Medical intuitive
735:Lightning Process
693:Hologram bracelet
641:Therapeutic touch
542:Christian Science
515:Cancer treatments
314:
313:
263:People's Republic
9559:
9485:Medicinal plants
9443:Related subjects
9434:Korean herbology
9419:Indian herbology
9378:Lingzhi mushroom
9126:
9119:
9112:
9103:
9012:Noted physicians
8923:
8844:
8726:
8719:
8712:
8703:
8693:
8679:
8658:
8639:
8620:
8601:
8580:
8559:
8538:
8536:
8535:
8526:. Archived from
8506:
8504:
8503:
8494:. Archived from
8471:
8470:
8468:
8467:
8452:
8446:
8445:
8437:
8431:
8430:
8423:
8417:
8416:
8409:
8403:
8402:
8395:
8389:
8388:
8381:
8375:
8374:
8367:
8361:
8360:
8353:
8347:
8346:
8345:. 31 March 2016.
8339:
8333:
8332:
8331:. 3 August 2011.
8325:
8319:
8318:
8308:
8298:
8278:
8272:
8271:
8255:
8249:
8248:
8241:
8235:
8234:
8218:
8212:
8211:
8201:
8191:
8176:Chinese Medicine
8167:
8161:
8160:
8150:
8126:
8120:
8119:
8117:
8093:
8087:
8086:
8084:
8083:
8068:
8062:
8061:
8043:
8037:
8036:
8034:
8033:
8018:
8012:
8011:
8009:
8008:
8003:on March 3, 2008
7999:. Archived from
7993:
7987:
7986:
7984:
7983:
7974:. Archived from
7968:
7962:
7959:
7953:
7952:
7950:
7949:
7940:. Archived from
7934:
7928:
7927:
7925:
7924:
7915:. Archived from
7909:
7903:
7902:
7900:
7899:
7890:. Archived from
7884:
7878:
7877:
7875:
7874:
7864:
7858:
7857:
7855:
7854:
7839:
7830:
7829:
7827:
7825:
7806:
7800:
7790:Ardisia japonica
7787:Flora of China:
7785:
7779:
7778:
7776:
7775:
7760:
7754:
7753:
7751:
7750:
7735:
7726:
7725:
7723:
7722:
7707:
7698:
7697:
7695:
7694:
7679:
7673:
7672:
7670:
7669:
7654:
7648:
7647:
7645:
7644:
7635:. Archived from
7629:
7623:
7616:
7610:
7609:
7607:
7605:
7597:
7571:
7561:
7551:
7527:
7521:
7520:
7499:
7493:
7492:
7464:
7458:
7457:
7455:
7453:
7447:
7440:
7432:
7421:
7420:
7418:
7416:
7400:
7389:
7388:
7378:
7353:(8): 3697–3703.
7338:
7332:
7331:
7286:
7280:
7277:
7271:
7270:
7268:
7267:
7252:
7246:
7245:
7217:
7211:
7210:, Rhishja Larson
7201:
7195:
7194:
7192:
7191:
7176:
7170:
7169:
7167:
7166:
7150:
7144:
7128:
7122:
7121:
7101:
7095:
7094:
7086:
7080:
7079:
7069:
7037:
7031:
7030:
7020:
6980:
6969:
6968:
6944:
6938:
6937:
6920:(10): CD006791.
6913:
6907:
6906:
6896:
6879:(10): CD004882.
6864:
6858:
6857:
6847:
6815:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6805:
6782:
6776:
6775:
6765:
6755:
6723:
6717:
6716:
6715:
6709:
6691:
6670:Ernst E (2002).
6667:
6661:
6660:
6659:
6653:
6621:
6615:
6614:
6605:(2): e275–e285.
6594:
6588:
6587:
6551:
6545:
6544:
6516:
6510:
6509:
6507:
6506:
6491:
6485:
6484:
6474:
6450:
6444:
6443:
6415:
6409:
6408:
6372:
6366:
6365:
6363:
6362:
6345:
6339:
6338:
6336:
6335:
6320:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6310:
6293:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6283:
6266:
6260:
6254:
6245:
6239:
6233:
6227:
6208:
6207:
6199:
6188:
6182:
6137:
6134:
6089:
6083:
6077:
6071:
6054:
6041:
6035:
6022:
6016:
5997:
5991:
5984:
5978:
5977:
5959:
5953:
5952:
5944:
5938:
5937:
5911:
5905:
5904:
5894:
5862:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5852:
5846:
5840:. Archived from
5839:
5831:
5825:
5819:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5806:
5774:
5768:
5767:
5762:. Archived from
5731:
5725:
5722:Goldschmidt 2009
5719:
5713:
5707:
5701:
5691:
5685:
5682:
5676:
5669:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5651:
5633:
5624:
5623:
5613:
5589:
5562:
5561:
5551:
5527:
5521:
5520:
5510:
5486:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5472:
5449:
5443:
5440:
5434:
5433:
5423:
5390:
5229:
5226:
5208:
5201:
5145:Classic Formulas
5121:
5120:
5114:Curcuma zedoaria
5103:
5102:
5089:
5088:
5074:
5073:
5061:
5060:
5047:
5046:
5033:
5032:
5019:
5018:
5005:
5004:
4991:
4990:
4977:
4976:
4963:
4962:
4949:
4948:
4935:
4934:
4921:
4920:
4891:
4879:
4859:
4850:
4830:
4821:
4815:
4806:
4800:
4794:
4785:Sophora japonica
4769:
4760:
4741:
4732:
4723:Stemona tuberosa
4716:Baikal skullcap
4712:
4703:
4683:
4671:
4651:
4639:
4630:Saussurea costus
4620:
4605:
4603:Qīng hǎi dù juān
4585:
4570:
4561:Rheum officinale
4550:
4541:
4521:
4506:
4500:
4485:
4479:
4467:
4447:
4438:
4418:
4406:
4386:
4374:
4354:
4345:
4336:Thuja orientalis
4320:
4311:
4289:
4277:
4261:Szechwan lovage
4250:
4230:
4218:
4198:
4189:
4169:
4157:
4146:
4129:
4120:
4100:
4091:
4072:
4063:
4043:
4034:
4015:
4003:
3975:
3966:
3946:
3937:
3921:Chinese ephedra
3917:
3905:
3881:
3861:
3849:
3843:
3834:
3814:
3796:
3780:Devil's trumpet
3776:
3764:
3744:
3735:
3715:
3706:
3686:
3674:
3654:
3639:
3630:Coptis chinensis
3619:
3607:
3595:
3575:
3566:
3546:
3537:
3517:
3508:
3488:
3479:
3473:
3464:
3444:
3435:
3429:
3420:
3409:
3392:
3383:
3363:
3351:
3342:Ardisia japonica
3331:
3319:
3303:Chinese anemone
3299:
3287:
3276:
3259:
3247:
3227:
3218:
3203:Agastache rugosa
3185:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3135:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3102:
3097:
3093:
3082:
3077:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3035:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2987:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2960:
2955:
2951:
2940:
2932:
2921:
2916:
2912:
2880:Drugstore beetle
2869:American ginseng
2862:
2857:
2853:
2778:, with no valid
2530:
2520:
2502:
2492:
2478:
2468:
2458:
2450:
2444:
2434:
2424:
2406:
2400:
2390:
2384:
2366:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2326:
2316:
2306:
2279:-enriching, and
2271:-supplementing,
2164:
2160:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2008:
2003:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1952:exclusive rights
1931:
1926:
1922:
1870:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1684:was collated by
1649:
1648:
1643:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1602:
1576:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1556:
1533:
1525:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1488:
1479:Paul U. Unschuld
1475:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1430:
1421:
1413:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1143:Gill plate trade
905:Vaginal steaming
552:Colloidal silver
520:Charcoal cleanse
339:
316:
306:
299:
292:
265:
208:
172:
165:
121:
79:
72:
65:
54:
31:
9567:
9566:
9562:
9561:
9560:
9558:
9557:
9556:
9507:
9506:
9505:
9500:
9489:
9438:
9402:
9363:Almond mushroom
9351:
9133:
9130:
9100:
9095:
9080:
9071:Energy medicine
9054:
9049:Zhang Zhongjing
9003:
8999:Urinary Bladder
8984:Small Intestine
8979:Large Intestine
8962:
8908:
8870:
8848:Three Treasures
8842:
8781:
8735:
8730:
8686:
8676:
8661:
8655:
8642:
8636:
8623:
8617:
8604:
8598:
8583:
8577:
8562:
8556:
8541:
8533:
8531:
8524:
8509:
8501:
8499:
8492:
8477:
8474:
8465:
8463:
8454:
8453:
8449:
8439:
8438:
8434:
8425:
8424:
8420:
8411:
8410:
8406:
8397:
8396:
8392:
8383:
8382:
8378:
8369:
8368:
8364:
8355:
8354:
8350:
8341:
8340:
8336:
8327:
8326:
8322:
8280:
8279:
8275:
8257:
8256:
8252:
8243:
8242:
8238:
8220:
8219:
8215:
8169:
8168:
8164:
8128:
8127:
8123:
8095:
8094:
8090:
8081:
8079:
8070:
8069:
8065:
8050:
8045:
8044:
8040:
8031:
8029:
8020:
8019:
8015:
8006:
8004:
7995:
7994:
7990:
7981:
7979:
7970:
7969:
7965:
7960:
7956:
7947:
7945:
7936:
7935:
7931:
7922:
7920:
7911:
7910:
7906:
7897:
7895:
7886:
7885:
7881:
7872:
7870:
7866:
7865:
7861:
7852:
7850:
7841:
7840:
7833:
7823:
7821:
7814:ILDIS LegumeWeb
7808:
7807:
7803:
7798:Wayback Machine
7786:
7782:
7773:
7771:
7762:
7761:
7757:
7748:
7746:
7737:
7736:
7729:
7720:
7718:
7709:
7708:
7701:
7692:
7690:
7681:
7680:
7676:
7667:
7665:
7656:
7655:
7651:
7642:
7640:
7631:
7630:
7626:
7617:
7613:
7599:
7591:
7589:
7572:
7529:
7528:
7524:
7501:
7500:
7496:
7466:
7465:
7461:
7451:
7449:
7445:
7438:
7434:
7433:
7424:
7414:
7412:
7402:
7401:
7392:
7359:10.1002/ps.7012
7340:
7339:
7335:
7288:
7287:
7283:
7278:
7274:
7265:
7263:
7254:
7253:
7249:
7219:
7218:
7214:
7202:
7198:
7189:
7187:
7178:
7177:
7173:
7164:
7162:
7152:
7151:
7147:
7142:Wayback Machine
7129:
7125:
7118:
7103:
7102:
7098:
7088:
7087:
7083:
7052:(1): CD003631.
7039:
7038:
7034:
6995:(3): CD004559.
6982:
6981:
6972:
6951:(2): CD005288.
6946:
6945:
6941:
6915:
6914:
6910:
6866:
6865:
6861:
6830:(5): CD009023.
6817:
6816:
6812:
6803:
6801:
6784:
6783:
6779:
6725:
6724:
6720:
6710:
6669:
6668:
6664:
6654:
6630:Curr Drug Metab
6623:
6622:
6618:
6596:
6595:
6591:
6553:
6552:
6548:
6527:(2–3): 247–85.
6518:
6517:
6513:
6504:
6502:
6493:
6492:
6488:
6452:
6451:
6447:
6417:
6416:
6412:
6374:
6373:
6369:
6360:
6358:
6351:
6347:
6346:
6342:
6333:
6331:
6322:
6321:
6317:
6308:
6306:
6305:on June 2, 2009
6299:
6295:
6294:
6290:
6281:
6279:
6272:
6268:
6267:
6263:
6255:
6248:
6240:
6236:
6228:
6211:
6201:
6200:
6191:
6183:
6140:
6135:
6092:
6084:
6080:
6072:
6057:
6052:Wayback Machine
6042:
6038:
6033:Wayback Machine
6023:
6019:
6013:Kiessler (2005)
5998:
5994:
5988:Kiessler (2005)
5985:
5981:
5974:
5961:
5960:
5956:
5946:
5945:
5941:
5934:
5913:
5912:
5908:
5877:(7100): 115–7.
5864:
5863:
5859:
5850:
5848:
5844:
5837:
5833:
5832:
5828:
5820:
5813:
5804:
5802:
5776:
5775:
5771:
5733:
5732:
5728:
5720:
5716:
5708:
5704:
5696:, p. 179;
5692:
5688:
5683:
5679:
5670:
5659:
5649:
5647:
5640:
5635:
5634:
5627:
5592:Shaw D (2012).
5591:
5590:
5565:
5529:
5528:
5524:
5488:
5487:
5480:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5451:
5450:
5446:
5441:
5437:
5421:10.1038/448106a
5392:
5391:
5382:
5378:
5373:
5325:Jiuhuang Bencao
5281:
5230:
5224:
5221:
5214:needs expansion
5199:
5190:
5165:
5135:
5130:
5128:Herbal Formulas
5125:
4904:
4773:Stephania root
4429:Pueraria lobata
4324:Amur cork tree
3719:Purging croton
3499:Cannabis sativa
3374:Aster tataricus
3180:
3160:), and salvia (
2899:quality control
2894:
2888:
2834:TCM recognizes
2816:rhinoceros horn
2788:
2770:Artemisia annua
2718:Cochrane review
2714:
2704:
2688:pharmaceuticals
2655:corticosteroids
2541:
2513:
2485:
2471:Radix cyathulae
2417:
2377:
2375:Smell and taste
2337:
2329:Rhizoma cibotii
2299:
2264:orifice-opening
2232:quickening the
2175:
2087:
2041:
1977:
1968:
1956:standardization
1933:) is a kind of
1917:
1911:
1886:
1881:
1846:
1760:Huangdi Neijing
1686:Zhang Zhongjing
1633:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1600:
1595:, found in the
1577:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1546:
1534:
1523:
1461:Huangdi Neijing
1397:
1368:
1367:
1313:Adrenal fatigue
1308:
1300:
1299:
1074:Southern Africa
1059:
1049:
1048:
1019:
1017:Classifications
1009:
1008:
985:in chiropractic
943:
935:
934:
855:Quantum healing
845:Psychic surgery
720:Ionized jewelry
683:Herbal medicine
631:Esoteric energy
621:Energy medicine
589:Cupping therapy
584:Crystal healing
557:Colon cleansing
495:Bowen technique
465:Auriculotherapy
420:
412:
411:
347:
310:
281:
280:
261:
232:
224:
223:
204:
168:
161:
119:classic gardens
117:
91:
75:
68:
61:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9565:
9563:
9555:
9554:
9549:
9544:
9539:
9534:
9529:
9524:
9519:
9509:
9508:
9502:
9501:
9494:
9491:
9490:
9488:
9487:
9482:
9477:
9472:
9467:
9462:
9457:
9452:
9446:
9444:
9440:
9439:
9437:
9436:
9431:
9426:
9421:
9416:
9410:
9408:
9404:
9403:
9401:
9400:
9395:
9393:Morel mushroom
9390:
9385:
9380:
9375:
9370:
9368:Chaga mushroom
9365:
9359:
9357:
9353:
9352:
9350:
9349:
9344:
9339:
9334:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9299:
9294:
9289:
9284:
9279:
9274:
9269:
9264:
9259:
9254:
9249:
9244:
9239:
9234:
9229:
9224:
9219:
9214:
9209:
9204:
9199:
9194:
9189:
9184:
9183:
9182:
9172:
9167:
9162:
9157:
9152:
9147:
9141:
9139:
9135:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9128:
9121:
9114:
9106:
9097:
9096:
9094:
9093:
9085:
9082:
9081:
9079:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9062:
9060:
9056:
9055:
9053:
9052:
9046:
9045:(c. 1140–1220)
9040:
9034:
9028:
9022:
9015:
9013:
9009:
9008:
9005:
9004:
9002:
9001:
8996:
8991:
8986:
8981:
8976:
8970:
8968:
8964:
8963:
8961:
8960:
8955:
8950:
8945:
8940:
8935:
8929:
8927:
8920:
8914:
8913:
8910:
8909:
8907:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8880:
8878:
8872:
8871:
8869:
8868:
8863:
8858:
8852:
8850:
8841:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8820:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8789:
8787:
8783:
8782:
8780:
8779:
8774:
8769:
8764:
8759:
8754:
8749:
8743:
8741:
8737:
8736:
8731:
8729:
8728:
8721:
8714:
8706:
8700:
8699:
8685:
8684:External links
8682:
8681:
8680:
8674:
8659:
8653:
8640:
8634:
8621:
8615:
8602:
8596:
8581:
8575:
8560:
8554:
8539:
8522:
8507:
8490:
8473:
8472:
8447:
8432:
8418:
8404:
8390:
8376:
8362:
8348:
8334:
8320:
8273:
8250:
8236:
8213:
8162:
8121:
8088:
8063:
8060:on 2015-10-19.
8047:"Tiannanxing"
8038:
8013:
7988:
7963:
7954:
7929:
7904:
7879:
7859:
7831:
7801:
7780:
7755:
7727:
7699:
7689:on May 6, 2010
7674:
7649:
7624:
7611:
7522:
7494:
7475:(1–2): 100–6.
7459:
7422:
7390:
7333:
7281:
7272:
7247:
7212:
7196:
7171:
7157:. Sfgate.com.
7145:
7123:
7116:
7096:
7081:
7032:
6970:
6939:
6908:
6859:
6810:
6796:. April 2009.
6777:
6738:(11): e80991.
6718:
6662:
6636:(10): 989–96.
6616:
6589:
6546:
6511:
6486:
6445:
6410:
6367:
6340:
6315:
6298:「芒硝」與「牙硝」勿混淆使用
6288:
6261:
6246:
6234:
6232:, pp. 3–6
6209:
6189:
6138:
6090:
6078:
6055:
6036:
6017:
5992:
5979:
5972:
5954:
5939:
5932:
5906:
5857:
5826:
5811:
5769:
5766:on 2015-09-25.
5746:(6): 363–367.
5726:
5724:, pp. 100–101.
5714:
5702:
5686:
5677:
5657:
5625:
5604:(17): 2012–8.
5563:
5522:
5501:(5): 1086–92.
5478:
5464:
5444:
5435:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5328:
5321:
5316:
5310:
5305:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5261:
5251:
5245:
5232:
5231:
5211:
5209:
5198:
5197:Notable people
5195:
5189:
5186:
5164:
5161:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5105:
5091:
5077:
5063:
5049:
5035:
5021:
5007:
4993:
4979:
4965:
4951:
4937:
4923:
4913:Akebia quinata
4908:
4903:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4893:
4873:
4865:
4864:
4861:
4844:
4836:
4835:
4832:
4788:
4775:
4774:
4771:
4754:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4726:
4718:
4717:
4714:
4697:
4689:
4688:
4685:
4665:
4657:
4656:
4653:
4633:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4599:
4591:
4590:
4587:
4564:
4556:
4555:
4552:
4535:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4461:
4453:
4452:
4449:
4432:
4424:
4423:
4420:
4400:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4368:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4339:
4326:
4325:
4322:
4303:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4271:
4263:
4262:
4259:
4244:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4212:
4204:
4203:
4200:
4183:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4151:
4135:
4134:
4131:
4114:
4106:
4105:
4102:
4085:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4057:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4028:
4020:
4019:
4017:
3997:
3981:
3980:
3979:Peking spurge
3977:
3960:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3931:
3923:
3922:
3919:
3899:
3896:Ephedra sinica
3891:
3890:
3887:
3875:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3828:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3790:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3758:
3750:
3749:
3746:
3729:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3700:
3697:Croton tiglium
3692:
3691:
3688:
3668:
3660:
3659:
3656:
3633:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3589:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3560:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3531:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3502:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3458:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3414:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3377:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3345:
3337:
3336:
3333:
3317:shān làng dàng
3313:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3281:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3241:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3212:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3179:
3176:
3087:ephedra sinica
2998:), bupleurum (
2887:
2884:
2787:
2784:
2703:
2700:
2684:cardiomyopathy
2659:phenylbutazone
2595:Hepatotoxicity
2540:
2537:
2528:Dong Yang Shen
2512:
2509:
2484:
2481:
2427:Radix glehniae
2416:
2413:
2376:
2373:
2369:Flos Lonicerae
2336:
2333:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2265:
2262:
2257:and expelling
2251:
2244:
2241:
2230:
2227:
2226:worm-expelling
2224:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2185:
2174:
2171:
2127:), and salty (
2086:
2083:
2071:) or neutral (
2040:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2011:
1998:
1976:
1975:Categorization
1973:
1967:
1964:
1930:zhōngchéng yào
1913:Main article:
1910:
1907:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1862:materia medica
1845:
1842:
1832:(854–925 CE),
1673:Materia Medica
1669:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1654:Materia Medica
1579:
1578:
1537:
1535:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1163:Pressure point
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1044:Energy therapy
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:
994:
989:
988:
987:
982:
977:
972:
962:
961:
960:
950:
944:
941:
940:
937:
936:
933:
932:
930:Zero balancing
927:
922:
917:
915:Vision therapy
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
830:Parapsychology
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
750:Manual therapy
747:
745:Magnet therapy
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
706:
705:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
644:
643:
638:
633:
628:
618:
613:
608:
607:
606:
599:Detoxification
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
565:
564:
554:
549:
544:
539:
538:
537:
532:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
421:
418:
417:
414:
413:
410:
409:
404:
403:
402:
392:
387:
382:
377:
376:(health fraud)
371:
366:
365:
364:
359:
348:
345:
344:
341:
340:
332:
331:
325:
324:
312:
311:
309:
308:
301:
294:
286:
283:
282:
279:
278:
277:
276:
271:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
233:
230:
229:
226:
225:
222:
221:
220:
219:
209:
202:
197:
196:
195:
185:
180:
179:
178:
166:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
128:
127:
122:
110:
105:
104:
103:
92:
89:
88:
85:
84:
83:
82:
81:
80:
66:
56:
55:
47:
46:
40:
39:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9564:
9553:
9552:Pharmacognosy
9550:
9548:
9545:
9543:
9540:
9538:
9535:
9533:
9530:
9528:
9525:
9523:
9522:Pseudoscience
9520:
9518:
9515:
9514:
9512:
9499:
9498:
9492:
9486:
9483:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9461:
9458:
9456:
9453:
9451:
9448:
9447:
9445:
9441:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9411:
9409:
9405:
9399:
9396:
9394:
9391:
9389:
9386:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9371:
9369:
9366:
9364:
9361:
9360:
9358:
9354:
9348:
9345:
9343:
9340:
9338:
9335:
9333:
9330:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9302:Summer savory
9300:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9290:
9288:
9285:
9283:
9280:
9278:
9275:
9273:
9270:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9255:
9253:
9250:
9248:
9245:
9243:
9240:
9238:
9235:
9233:
9230:
9228:
9225:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9215:
9213:
9210:
9208:
9205:
9203:
9200:
9198:
9195:
9193:
9190:
9188:
9185:
9181:
9178:
9177:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9148:
9146:
9143:
9142:
9140:
9136:
9127:
9122:
9120:
9115:
9113:
9108:
9107:
9104:
9092:
9091:
9087:
9086:
9083:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9067:
9064:
9063:
9061:
9057:
9050:
9047:
9044:
9041:
9038:
9035:
9032:
9029:
9026:
9023:
9020:
9017:
9016:
9014:
9010:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8971:
8969:
8965:
8959:
8956:
8954:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8930:
8928:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8918:Zangfu Organs
8915:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8881:
8879:
8877:
8873:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8857:
8854:
8853:
8851:
8849:
8845:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8790:
8788:
8784:
8778:
8775:
8773:
8770:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8758:
8755:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8744:
8742:
8738:
8734:
8727:
8722:
8720:
8715:
8713:
8708:
8707:
8704:
8697:
8692:
8688:
8687:
8683:
8677:
8671:
8667:
8666:
8660:
8656:
8650:
8646:
8641:
8637:
8631:
8627:
8622:
8618:
8612:
8608:
8603:
8599:
8593:
8589:
8588:
8582:
8578:
8572:
8568:
8567:
8561:
8557:
8551:
8547:
8546:
8540:
8530:on 2009-07-31
8529:
8525:
8519:
8515:
8514:
8508:
8498:on 2011-09-04
8497:
8493:
8491:0-9740635-0-9
8487:
8483:
8482:
8476:
8475:
8462:on 2014-12-31
8461:
8457:
8451:
8448:
8443:
8436:
8433:
8428:
8422:
8419:
8414:
8408:
8405:
8400:
8394:
8391:
8386:
8380:
8377:
8372:
8366:
8363:
8358:
8352:
8349:
8344:
8338:
8335:
8330:
8324:
8321:
8316:
8312:
8307:
8302:
8297:
8292:
8288:
8284:
8277:
8274:
8269:
8265:
8261:
8254:
8251:
8246:
8240:
8237:
8232:
8228:
8224:
8217:
8214:
8209:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8181:
8177:
8173:
8166:
8163:
8158:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8140:
8136:
8132:
8125:
8122:
8116:
8111:
8107:
8103:
8099:
8092:
8089:
8077:
8073:
8067:
8064:
8059:
8055:
8051:
8042:
8039:
8027:
8023:
8017:
8014:
8002:
7998:
7992:
7989:
7977:
7973:
7967:
7964:
7958:
7955:
7943:
7939:
7933:
7930:
7918:
7914:
7908:
7905:
7893:
7889:
7883:
7880:
7869:
7863:
7860:
7848:
7844:
7838:
7836:
7832:
7819:
7815:
7811:
7805:
7802:
7799:
7795:
7792:
7791:
7784:
7781:
7769:
7765:
7759:
7756:
7745:on 2014-11-11
7744:
7740:
7734:
7732:
7728:
7716:
7712:
7706:
7704:
7700:
7688:
7684:
7678:
7675:
7663:
7659:
7653:
7650:
7638:
7634:
7628:
7625:
7621:
7615:
7612:
7603:
7595:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7576:
7569:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7541:
7537:
7533:
7526:
7523:
7518:
7514:
7510:
7506:
7498:
7495:
7490:
7486:
7482:
7478:
7474:
7470:
7463:
7460:
7444:
7437:
7431:
7429:
7427:
7423:
7410:
7406:
7399:
7397:
7395:
7391:
7386:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7368:
7364:
7360:
7356:
7352:
7348:
7344:
7337:
7334:
7329:
7325:
7321:
7317:
7313:
7309:
7305:
7301:
7297:
7293:
7285:
7282:
7276:
7273:
7261:
7257:
7251:
7248:
7243:
7239:
7235:
7231:
7227:
7223:
7216:
7213:
7209:
7205:
7200:
7197:
7185:
7181:
7175:
7172:
7160:
7156:
7149:
7146:
7143:
7139:
7136:
7132:
7127:
7124:
7119:
7117:9780912111544
7113:
7109:
7108:
7100:
7097:
7092:
7085:
7082:
7077:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7059:
7055:
7051:
7047:
7043:
7036:
7033:
7028:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7010:
7006:
7002:
6998:
6994:
6990:
6986:
6979:
6977:
6975:
6971:
6966:
6962:
6958:
6954:
6950:
6943:
6940:
6935:
6931:
6927:
6923:
6919:
6912:
6909:
6904:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6886:
6882:
6878:
6874:
6870:
6863:
6860:
6855:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6837:
6833:
6829:
6825:
6821:
6814:
6811:
6799:
6795:
6791:
6787:
6781:
6778:
6773:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6745:
6741:
6737:
6733:
6729:
6722:
6719:
6714:
6707:
6703:
6699:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6682:(2): 107–13.
6681:
6677:
6673:
6666:
6663:
6658:
6651:
6647:
6643:
6639:
6635:
6631:
6627:
6620:
6617:
6612:
6608:
6604:
6600:
6593:
6590:
6585:
6581:
6577:
6573:
6569:
6565:
6561:
6557:
6550:
6547:
6542:
6538:
6534:
6530:
6526:
6522:
6515:
6512:
6500:
6496:
6490:
6487:
6482:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6464:
6460:
6456:
6449:
6446:
6441:
6437:
6433:
6429:
6425:
6421:
6414:
6411:
6406:
6402:
6398:
6394:
6390:
6386:
6382:
6378:
6371:
6368:
6356:
6353:. 100md.com.
6352:
6344:
6341:
6329:
6325:
6319:
6316:
6304:
6300:
6292:
6289:
6277:
6273:
6265:
6262:
6259:, p. 236
6258:
6253:
6251:
6247:
6243:
6238:
6235:
6231:
6226:
6224:
6222:
6220:
6218:
6216:
6214:
6210:
6205:
6198:
6196:
6194:
6190:
6187:, p. 239
6186:
6181:
6179:
6177:
6175:
6173:
6171:
6169:
6167:
6165:
6163:
6161:
6159:
6157:
6155:
6153:
6151:
6149:
6147:
6145:
6143:
6139:
6133:
6131:
6129:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6121:
6119:
6117:
6115:
6113:
6111:
6109:
6107:
6105:
6103:
6101:
6099:
6097:
6095:
6091:
6087:
6082:
6079:
6076:, p. 232
6075:
6070:
6068:
6066:
6064:
6062:
6060:
6056:
6053:
6049:
6046:
6040:
6037:
6034:
6030:
6027:
6021:
6018:
6015:, p. 25.
6014:
6010:
6006:
6002:
5996:
5993:
5990:, p. 24.
5989:
5983:
5980:
5975:
5969:
5965:
5958:
5955:
5950:
5943:
5940:
5935:
5929:
5925:
5921:
5917:
5910:
5907:
5902:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5884:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5868:
5861:
5858:
5847:on 2011-07-25
5843:
5836:
5830:
5827:
5823:
5818:
5816:
5812:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5789:(10): 934–7.
5788:
5784:
5780:
5773:
5770:
5765:
5761:
5757:
5753:
5749:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5730:
5727:
5723:
5718:
5715:
5712:, p. 169
5711:
5710:Unschuld 1985
5706:
5703:
5699:
5695:
5690:
5687:
5681:
5678:
5674:
5668:
5666:
5664:
5662:
5658:
5645:
5641:
5632:
5630:
5626:
5621:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5598:Planta Medica
5595:
5588:
5586:
5584:
5582:
5580:
5578:
5576:
5574:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5564:
5559:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5542:(12): 912–3.
5541:
5537:
5533:
5526:
5523:
5518:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5492:
5485:
5483:
5479:
5467:
5465:9780912111643
5461:
5457:
5456:
5448:
5445:
5439:
5436:
5431:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5405:
5401:
5400:
5395:
5389:
5387:
5385:
5381:
5375:
5370:
5369:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5342:Pharmacognosy
5340:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5262:
5259:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5248:Li Ching-Yuen
5246:
5243:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5228:
5219:
5215:
5212:This section
5210:
5207:
5203:
5202:
5196:
5194:
5187:
5185:
5181:
5173:
5169:
5162:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5150:
5146:
5141:
5138:
5132:
5127:
5115:
5111:
5110:
5106:
5097:
5096:
5092:
5083:
5082:
5078:
5076:
5068:
5064:
5055:
5054:
5050:
5041:
5040:
5036:
5027:
5026:
5022:
5013:
5012:
5008:
4999:
4998:
4994:
4985:
4984:
4980:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4957:
4956:
4952:
4943:
4942:
4938:
4929:
4928:
4924:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4901:
4894:
4890:
4887:
4884:
4878:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4867:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4855:
4849:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4838:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4820:
4814:
4811:
4805:
4799:
4793:
4789:
4786:
4782:
4781:
4777:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4765:
4759:
4755:
4753:
4752:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4740:
4737:
4731:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4720:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4708:
4702:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4679:
4676:
4670:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4659:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4647:
4644:
4638:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4627:
4626:
4623:
4619:
4616:
4613:
4610:
4604:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4581:
4578:
4575:
4569:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4540:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4529:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4505:
4499:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4484:
4483:cóng shégēnmù
4478:
4475:
4472:
4466:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4443:
4437:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4426:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4411:
4405:
4404:shān má huáng
4401:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4393:
4390:Golden larch
4389:
4385:
4382:
4379:
4373:
4372:jīn qián sōng
4369:
4367:
4366:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4333:
4332:
4328:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4282:
4276:
4275:bàn biān lián
4272:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4257:
4254:
4249:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4217:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4206:
4205:
4202:Purple holly
4201:
4197:
4194:
4188:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4180:Ilex purpurea
4177:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4156:
4152:
4149:
4142:
4141:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4125:
4119:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4090:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4062:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4039:
4033:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4021:
4018:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3965:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3936:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3904:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3880:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3848:
3842:
3839:
3833:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3795:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3763:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3751:
3748:Lilac daphne
3747:
3743:
3740:
3734:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3726:Daphne genkwa
3723:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3711:
3705:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3673:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3638:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3594:
3593:xí shēng téng
3590:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3565:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3536:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3507:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3478:
3472:
3469:
3463:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3434:
3428:
3425:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3382:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3350:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3318:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3246:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3217:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3193:Chinese name
3192:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3159:
3145:
3131:
3127:
3118:and reddish:
3117:
3107:
3103:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3073:
3069:
3059:
3045:
3031:
3027:
3017:
3007:
2997:
2983:
2979:
2965:
2961:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2939:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2908:
2903:
2900:
2893:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2863:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2809:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2776:pseudoscience
2773:
2771:
2767:derived from
2766:
2762:
2757:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2713:
2712:Drug research
2709:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2670:
2668:
2667:glibenclamide
2664:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2505:Radix Dipsaci
2501:
2496:
2491:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2449:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2383:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2296:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2275:-nourishing,
2274:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2205:-transforming
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2102:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2038:
2033:
2030:
2016:
2012:
2009:
1999:
1996:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1916:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1899:
1890:
1883:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1869:
1868:
1867:Bencao Gangmu
1863:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1844:Raw materials
1843:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1785:
1784:Bencao Gangmu
1780:
1779:
1773:
1761:
1756:
1754:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1676:
1674:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1642:
1641:
1627:Divine Farmer
1609:
1604:
1598:
1594:
1585:
1575:
1572:
1564:
1554:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1538:This section
1536:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1507:(pinyin:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1486:
1480:
1476:
1471:(pinyin:
1463:
1462:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1444:pseudoscience
1441:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1200:Faith healing
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1108:Bush medicine
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1098:Balneotherapy
1096:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
995:
993:
990:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
967:
966:
963:
959:
956:
955:
954:
951:
949:
946:
945:
942:Controversies
939:
938:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
910:Vegetotherapy
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
825:Ozone therapy
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
740:Lymphotherapy
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
704:
701:
700:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
678:Hair analysis
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
663:FasciaBlaster
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
626:Correactology
624:
623:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
605:
602:
601:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
569:Colorpuncture
567:
563:
560:
559:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
547:Chromotherapy
545:
543:
540:
536:
533:
531:
528:
527:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
435:Alkaline diet
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
422:
416:
415:
408:
405:
401:
398:
397:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
385:Pseudoscience
383:
381:
378:
375:
372:
370:
367:
363:
360:
358:
355:
354:
353:
350:
349:
343:
342:
338:
334:
333:
330:
326:
322:
318:
317:
307:
302:
300:
295:
293:
288:
287:
285:
284:
275:
272:
270:
267:
266:
264:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
234:
228:
227:
218:
215:
214:
213:
210:
207:
206:Silk industry
203:
201:
198:
194:
191:
190:
189:
186:
184:
181:
177:
174:
173:
171:
167:
164:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
115:
114:
111:
109:
106:
102:
99:
98:
97:
94:
93:
87:
86:
78:
74:
73:
71:
67:
64:
60:
59:
58:
57:
53:
49:
48:
45:
41:
37:
33:
32:
26:
21:
9495:
9413:
9337:White willow
9307:Tea tree oil
9257:Marsh-mallow
9165:Asthma-plant
9088:
9051:(c. 150–219)
8798:Yin and yang
8767:Fire cupping
8751:
8698:at Wikiquote
8664:
8644:
8625:
8606:
8586:
8565:
8544:
8532:. Retrieved
8528:the original
8512:
8500:. Retrieved
8496:the original
8480:
8464:. Retrieved
8460:the original
8450:
8441:
8435:
8421:
8407:
8393:
8379:
8365:
8351:
8337:
8323:
8286:
8276:
8267:
8263:
8253:
8239:
8230:
8226:
8216:
8179:
8175:
8165:
8138:
8134:
8124:
8105:
8101:
8091:
8080:. Retrieved
8066:
8058:the original
8053:
8041:
8030:. Retrieved
8016:
8005:. Retrieved
8001:the original
7991:
7980:. Retrieved
7976:the original
7966:
7957:
7946:. Retrieved
7942:the original
7932:
7921:. Retrieved
7917:the original
7907:
7896:. Retrieved
7892:the original
7882:
7871:. Retrieved
7862:
7851:. Retrieved
7822:. Retrieved
7813:
7804:
7789:
7783:
7772:. Retrieved
7758:
7747:. Retrieved
7743:the original
7719:. Retrieved
7691:. Retrieved
7687:the original
7677:
7666:. Retrieved
7652:
7641:. Retrieved
7637:the original
7627:
7619:
7614:
7600:{{
7592:{{
7539:
7536:BMC Medicine
7535:
7525:
7511:(1): 55–56.
7508:
7504:
7497:
7472:
7468:
7462:
7450:. Retrieved
7413:. Retrieved
7409:the original
7350:
7346:
7336:
7298:(1): 62–91.
7295:
7291:
7284:
7275:
7264:. Retrieved
7250:
7228:(1): 11–18.
7225:
7221:
7215:
7207:
7203:
7199:
7188:. Retrieved
7174:
7163:. Retrieved
7148:
7130:
7126:
7106:
7099:
7090:
7084:
7049:
7045:
7035:
6992:
6988:
6948:
6942:
6917:
6911:
6876:
6872:
6862:
6827:
6823:
6813:
6802:. Retrieved
6789:
6780:
6735:
6731:
6721:
6679:
6676:J Intern Med
6675:
6665:
6633:
6629:
6619:
6602:
6598:
6592:
6562:(3): 153–9.
6559:
6555:
6549:
6524:
6520:
6514:
6503:. Retrieved
6489:
6462:
6458:
6448:
6426:(3): 136–9.
6423:
6419:
6413:
6383:(5): 923–9.
6380:
6376:
6370:
6359:. Retrieved
6343:
6332:. Retrieved
6318:
6307:. Retrieved
6303:the original
6291:
6280:. Retrieved
6276:the original
6264:
6237:
6203:
6088:, p. 61
6081:
6039:
6020:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5995:
5982:
5963:
5957:
5948:
5942:
5915:
5909:
5874:
5870:
5860:
5849:. Retrieved
5842:the original
5829:
5824:, p. 11
5803:. Retrieved
5786:
5782:
5772:
5764:the original
5743:
5739:
5729:
5717:
5705:
5700:, p. 30
5689:
5680:
5672:
5648:. Retrieved
5644:the original
5601:
5597:
5539:
5535:
5525:
5498:
5494:
5469:. Retrieved
5454:
5447:
5438:
5403:
5397:
5366:
5323:
5300:
5222:
5218:adding to it
5213:
5191:
5182:
5178:
5166:
5157:
5153:
5149:Shanghan Lun
5142:
5139:
5136:
5113:
5107:
5093:
5079:
5065:
5051:
5039:Frankincense
5037:
5023:
5009:
4995:
4981:
4967:
4953:
4939:
4925:
4911:
4905:
4877:liāo gē wáng
4868:
4839:
4834:Pagoda tree
4784:
4778:
4749:
4721:
4692:
4660:
4655:Costus root
4637:yún mù xiāng
4628:
4594:
4559:
4530:
4504:yìndù shé mù
4456:
4427:
4395:
4363:
4335:
4329:
4298:
4266:
4239:
4207:
4178:
4147:
4138:
4109:
4080:
4052:
4023:
3994:suffruticosa
3990:
3984:
3955:
3926:
3903:cǎo má huáng
3894:
3870:
3823:
3818:Jimson weed
3785:
3762:yáng jīn huā
3755:Datura metel
3753:
3724:
3695:
3663:
3628:
3623:Velvet leaf
3584:
3555:
3526:
3497:
3453:
3410:
3401:
3372:
3340:
3308:
3285:bái tóu weng
3277:
3268:
3245:bā jiǎo fēng
3236:
3207:
3201:
3181:
3169:
3155:
3146:), rhubarb (
3141:
3123:
3113:
3099:
3085:
3079:
3065:
3055:
3041:
3023:
3013:
3003:
2993:
2982:atractylodes
2975:
2957:
2943:
2934:
2918:
2904:
2895:
2886:Herbs in use
2877:
2866:
2859:
2848:gall bladder
2833:
2820:black market
2813:
2805:
2768:
2758:
2754:pancreatitis
2732:haemorrhoids
2715:
2696:
2678:(containing
2673:
2671:
2652:
2645:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2612:glycyrrhizin
2607:
2598:
2588:
2582:
2578:Aristolochia
2576:
2570:
2567:Asiatic toad
2560:
2556:Edzard Ernst
2549:
2542:
2532:
2522:
2518:Xi Yang Shen
2514:
2504:
2494:
2486:
2470:
2466:Chuan Niu Xi
2460:
2456:Chuan Bei Mu
2453:
2436:
2432:Nan Sha Shen
2426:
2422:Bei Sha Shen
2418:
2408:
2392:
2378:
2368:
2358:
2345:(yellow) or
2338:
2328:
2318:
2308:
2300:
2297:Nomenclature
2283:-fortifying.
2253:calming the
2176:
2100:
2098:
2088:
2085:Five Flavors
2042:
2039:Four Natures
2026:
2005:
1992:
1978:
1969:
1961:
1949:
1928:
1918:
1895:
1859:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1806:medieval age
1803:
1795:Ming dynasty
1776:
1774:
1757:
1753:Tang dynasty
1734:
1730:Song dynasty
1723:
1717:
1679:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1651:
1605:
1592:
1590:
1567:
1561:October 2013
1558:
1547:Please help
1542:verification
1539:
1515:
1508:
1498:
1497:(instead of
1494:
1491:pharmaceutic
1490:
1472:
1452:
1437:
1429:zhōngyào xué
1427:
1403:
1402:
1280:Thai massage
1250:Naftalan oil
1127:
1123:Blood stasis
1002:Turbo cancer
890:ThetaHealing
815:Osteomyology
715:Hypnotherapy
710:Hydrotherapy
616:Ear candling
611:Dry needling
562:Coffee enema
525:Chiropractic
490:Bone-setting
470:Bates method
455:Aromatherapy
175:
113:Architecture
9460:Herb garden
9267:Opium poppy
9180:medical use
9043:Zhang Jiegu
9021:(d. 310 BC)
8974:Gallbladder
8967:Yang organs
8943:Pericardium
8876:Five Phases
8772:Moxibustion
8747:Acupuncture
8289:(1): 1–10.
8108:(1): 1–10.
7258:. Pbs.org.
6465:(1): 71–5.
5650:24 February
5637:"Shennong"
5368:Yaoxing Lun
4248:chuān xiōng
3060:), hoelen (
3046:), ginger (
2867:Collecting
2761:artemisinin
2364:Jin Yin Hua
2199:-dispelling
2147:Five Phases
2143:zàng organs
2115:), bitter (
2101:Five Tastes
1879:Preparation
1739:Yaoxing Lun
1698:Five Phases
1690:Han dynasty
1652:Shennong's
1240:Mien Shiang
1158:Moxibustion
870:Reflexology
795:Oil pulling
790:Naturopathy
730:Jilly Juice
510:Camel urine
480:Black salve
430:Acupuncture
425:Acupressure
390:Antiscience
362:Terminology
269:agriculture
157:Mathematics
142:Cartography
101:sericulture
96:Agriculture
9511:Categories
9480:Homeopathy
9470:Herbal tea
9322:Umckaloabo
9297:Star anise
9277:Peppermint
9242:Lemon balm
9237:Goldenseal
9170:Astragalus
9037:Sun Simiao
8926:Yin organs
8548:. Thieme.
8534:2012-02-09
8502:2012-02-09
8466:2015-03-10
8444:. 人民文协出版社.
8082:2012-11-04
8032:2012-11-04
8007:2008-02-21
7982:2008-02-08
7948:2008-02-06
7923:2008-02-05
7898:2008-02-05
7873:2008-02-05
7853:2008-02-19
7824:25 October
7774:2008-02-05
7749:2008-02-05
7721:2008-02-14
7693:2008-02-05
7668:2008-02-19
7643:2008-02-14
7542:(1): 222.
7452:1 December
7415:1 December
7266:2009-12-07
7190:2009-12-07
7165:2009-12-07
6804:2017-11-27
6632:(Review).
6505:2011-05-17
6361:2009-12-07
6334:2009-12-07
6309:2009-12-07
6282:2009-12-07
6257:Ergil 2009
6242:Ergil 2009
6185:Ergil 2009
6086:Ergil 2009
6074:Ergil 2009
5851:2011-05-17
5805:2011-06-09
5698:Ergil 2009
5694:Sivin 1987
5376:References
5347:Star anise
5337:Li Shizhen
5258:Tiger Balm
5254:Aw Chu Kin
5238:Ji Desheng
5225:March 2024
5095:Sparganium
5053:Persicaria
4783:(formerly
4422:Naked rue
4334:(formerly
4155:dà fēng zǐ
3992:Securinega
3989:(formerly
3879:cháng shān
3847:shí hú lán
3672:yán hú suǒ
3550:Safflower
3492:Tea plant
3367:Marlberry
3349:zǐ jīn niú
2964:astragalus
2936:gǒuqǐzǐ),
2890:See also:
2694:in China.
2109:), sweet (
1834:Haly Abbas
1799:Li Shizhen
1338:Heavy legs
1295:Vietnamese
1275:Sri Lankan
835:Phrenology
820:Osteopathy
810:Orthopathy
698:Homeopathy
604:Foot detox
500:Breathwork
445:Apitherapy
400:Scientific
395:Skepticism
217:navigation
183:Metallurgy
90:By subject
9542:Herbalism
9475:Herbalism
9247:Liquorice
9207:Fenugreek
9202:Chaparral
9197:Chamomile
9150:Aloe vera
9039:(581–682)
9027:(141–208)
8833:Taijiquan
8793:Meridians
8740:Practices
8182:(1): 24.
8157:2624-3075
7602:retracted
7594:retracted
7367:1526-498X
7009:1469-493X
5313:Herbalism
5081:Polygonum
5067:Patchouli
4701:huáng qín
4669:wǔ wèi zi
4308:huáng bǎi
4216:yì mǔ cǎo
4133:Licorice
4001:yī yè qiū
3521:Cannabis
3216:huò xiāng
3130:rehmannia
3043:huánglián
2938:dong quai
2925:wolfberry
2836:bear bile
2829:seahorses
2796:seahorses
2749:antiviral
2745:influenza
2723:mortality
2680:ephedrine
2663:phenytoin
2623:Symphytum
2551:Curculigo
2490:Fang Feng
2354:Huang Bai
2314:Bai Mu Er
2250:-calming.
2197:wind-damp
2190:-clearing
2121:), sour (
2065:), cold (
2059:), cool (
2051:), warm (
2015:meridians
1903:catalysts
1898:decoction
1884:Decoction
1702:formulary
1597:Mawangdui
1495:medicinal
1485:pharmakon
1455:herbology
1453:The term
1436:(TCM). A
1260:Shamanism
1245:Mongolian
1220:Kayakalpa
1195:Curandero
1113:Cambodian
1103:Brazilian
900:Urophagia
860:Radionics
765:Mesmerism
725:Iridology
212:Transport
176:herbology
132:Astronomy
9398:Shiitake
9327:Valerian
9317:Turmeric
9287:Rosemary
9252:Marigold
9217:Flaxseed
9212:Feverfew
9192:Cardamom
9175:Cannabis
9160:Borututu
9090:Category
9033:(b. 283)
9019:Bian Que
8786:Concepts
8315:27190537
8208:25342960
8141:(1): 1.
8076:Archived
8026:Archived
7847:Archived
7818:Archived
7794:Archived
7768:Archived
7715:Archived
7662:Archived
7587:38965520
7568:24120035
7489:22305255
7443:Archived
7385:35620873
7328:20938136
7320:23398402
7260:Archived
7242:86821249
7184:Archived
7159:Archived
7138:Archived
7076:15674909
7027:23543533
6965:18425916
6934:20927750
6903:23076910
6854:26976671
6798:Archived
6772:24278360
6732:PLOS ONE
6706:29077682
6698:12190885
6650:21892916
6611:18603664
6584:43878555
6576:14530621
6499:Archived
6440:11879681
6397:11069498
6355:Archived
6350:芒硝图谱-矿物类
6328:Archived
6271:香港容易混淆中藥
6048:Archived
6029:Archived
5799:Archived
5795:11717980
5760:26559361
5620:21077025
5558:23498035
5517:17602184
5430:17625521
5279:See also
4955:Clematis
4819:huái huā
4804:huái shù
4465:shégēnmù
4187:dōngqīng
4032:liánqiáo
3935:dù zhòng
3733:yuán huā
3535:hóng huā
3418:huáng qí
3108:(white:
3072:licorice
2840:catheter
2825:plastron
2702:Efficacy
2584:Aconitum
2546:scorpion
2539:Toxicity
2483:Function
2351:(gold).
2214:-warming
2212:interior
2203:dampness
2182:exterior
1838:Avicenna
1810:Cinnamon
1722:and the
1696:and the
1608:Shénnóng
1230:Japanese
1173:San Jiao
1153:Meridian
1081:Ayurveda
920:Vitalism
485:Bodywork
374:Quackery
321:a series
200:Printing
188:Military
147:Ceramics
137:Calendar
36:a series
34:Part of
9388:Meshima
9383:Maitake
9347:Za'atar
9332:Verbena
9272:Oregano
9232:Ginseng
9187:Caraway
9145:Alfalfa
9031:Ge Hong
9025:Hua Tuo
8989:Stomach
8306:4846759
8199:4196468
7559:3851815
7376:9542140
7300:Bibcode
7067:8724804
7018:8957659
6894:6993561
6845:4951187
6763:3838343
6740:Bibcode
6541:3075674
6481:8779214
6472:1303306
6405:6036692
5901:9240055
5892:2127090
5471:10 June
5408:Bibcode
5264:Ing Hay
5242:Nantong
5109:Zedoary
4997:Curcuma
4848:guā lóu
4758:fáng jǐ
4539:dìhuáng
4118:gān cǎo
4089:zào jiá
4061:dì dīng
3564:ròu gùi
3462:chá shù
3171:dānshēn
3157:dàhuáng
3143:dìhuáng
3125:chìsháo
3115:báisháo
3101:máhuáng
2977:huángqí
2959:dāngguī
2920:rénshēn
2907:Ginseng
2861:niú dǎn
2765:malaria
2675:Ephedra
2617:Senecio
2605:synonym
2563:aconite
2500:Xu Duan
2404:Ku Shen
2388:Gan Cao
2028:jīngluò
1818:rhubarb
1694:Yinyang
1621:
1521:History
1285:Tibetan
1265:Shiatsu
1210:Iranian
1190:Chumash
1183:Zang-fu
1148:Long gu
1138:Gua sha
1118:Chinese
1064:African
880:Rolfing
357:History
152:Coinage
125:bridges
108:Alchemy
9465:Herbal
9342:Yarrow
9227:Ginkgo
9222:Ginger
8958:Spleen
8938:Kidney
8828:Waijia
8823:Neijia
8818:Daojia
8813:Paozhi
8808:Waidan
8803:Neidan
8777:Qigong
8672:
8651:
8632:
8613:
8594:
8573:
8552:
8520:
8488:
8313:
8303:
8206:
8196:
8155:
7585:
7581:,
7566:
7556:
7487:
7383:
7373:
7365:
7326:
7318:
7240:
7114:
7074:
7064:
7025:
7015:
7007:
6963:
6932:
6901:
6891:
6852:
6842:
6770:
6760:
6704:
6696:
6648:
6609:
6582:
6574:
6539:
6479:
6469:
6438:
6403:
6395:
6007:, and
5970:
5930:
5899:
5889:
5793:
5758:
5618:
5556:
5515:
5462:
5428:
5399:Nature
5272:Oregon
4941:Chenpi
4816:), or
4730:bǎi bù
4451:Kudzu
4436:gé gēn
4343:cè bǎi
4145:a.k.a.
3832:shí hú
3704:bā dòu
3608:) or (
3477:chá yè
3433:běi qí
3408:a.k.a.
3381:zǐ wǎn
3275:a.k.a.
3081:gāncǎo
3067:fúlíng
3030:coptis
3025:ròuguì
3015:guìzhī
3005:cháihú
2995:báizhú
2794:Dried
2740:NSAIDs
2710:, and
2665:, and
2638:, and
2463:) and
2324:Gou Ji
2304:Niu Xi
1944:binder
1939:herbal
1830:Rhazes
1822:nutmeg
1814:ginger
1770:a.k.a.
1634:
1601:
1439:Nature
1426::
1424:pinyin
1418::
1410::
1353:PANDAS
1270:Siddha
1235:Korean
1178:Tui na
1133:Dit da
800:Orgone
231:By era
38:on the
27:market
9356:Fungi
9312:Thyme
9155:Anise
9138:Herbs
8948:Liver
8933:Heart
8899:Water
8894:Metal
8884:Earth
8442:蛇医游侠传
7598:with
7446:(PDF)
7439:(PDF)
7324:S2CID
7238:S2CID
6702:S2CID
6580:S2CID
6401:S2CID
5845:(PDF)
5838:(PDF)
5331:Kampo
5025:Myrrh
4501:) or
3964:dà jǐ
3844:) or
3506:dà má
3474:) or
3430:) or
3106:peony
3057:jiāng
2476:chuan
2342:huang
2335:Color
2273:blood
2255:Liver
2238:blood
2234:Blood
2155:blood
2007:wǔwèi
1826:cubeb
1707:zheng
1647:神農本草經
1603:BCE.
1474:dúyào
1290:Unani
1225:Kambo
1205:Hilot
1086:Dosha
636:Reiki
274:space
25:Xi'an
9292:Sage
9262:Neem
8953:Lung
8904:Wood
8889:Fire
8866:Shen
8861:Jing
8670:ISBN
8649:ISBN
8630:ISBN
8611:ISBN
8592:ISBN
8571:ISBN
8550:ISBN
8518:ISBN
8486:ISBN
8311:PMID
8270:(3).
8233:(2).
8204:PMID
8153:ISSN
7826:2019
7583:PMID
7564:PMID
7485:PMID
7454:2017
7417:2017
7381:PMID
7363:ISSN
7316:PMID
7296:1286
7112:ISBN
7072:PMID
7050:2009
7023:PMID
7005:ISSN
6993:2013
6961:PMID
6930:PMID
6899:PMID
6850:PMID
6768:PMID
6694:PMID
6646:PMID
6607:PMID
6572:PMID
6537:PMID
6477:PMID
6436:PMID
6393:PMID
6001:Chen
5968:ISBN
5928:ISBN
5897:PMID
5791:PMID
5756:PMID
5652:2011
5616:PMID
5554:PMID
5513:PMID
5473:2011
5460:ISBN
5426:PMID
4989:冬虫夏草
4792:huái
3028:)),
2827:and
2727:SARS
2725:for
2620:and
2445:and
2281:yang
2259:wind
2248:Shen
2188:heat
2167:heat
2153:and
2079:cold
2013:The
1994:sìqì
1824:and
1790:本草綱目
1678:The
1618:lit.
1499:herb
1215:Jamu
1091:MVAH
1069:Muti
875:RBOP
785:NAET
257:Yuan
252:Song
247:Tang
193:navy
8301:PMC
8291:doi
8194:PMC
8184:doi
8143:doi
8110:doi
8049:天南星
7575:doi
7554:PMC
7544:doi
7513:doi
7477:doi
7371:PMC
7355:doi
7308:doi
7230:doi
7062:PMC
7054:doi
7013:PMC
6997:doi
6953:doi
6922:doi
6889:PMC
6881:doi
6840:PMC
6832:doi
6758:PMC
6748:doi
6684:doi
6680:252
6638:doi
6564:doi
6529:doi
6467:PMC
6463:164
6428:doi
6385:doi
6381:143
6009:Chi
6005:Zun
5920:doi
5887:PMC
5879:doi
5875:315
5787:112
5748:doi
5606:doi
5544:doi
5540:102
5503:doi
5416:doi
5404:448
5270:in
5220:.
5143:1.
5116:) (
5072:广藿香
5069:' (
4975:天竺黄
4961:威灵仙
4933:胆南星
4801:),
4480:),
3174:).
3128:),
3104:),
3084:),
3070:),
2980:),
2962:),
2930:枸杞子
2923:),
2747:as
2610:),
2448:nan
2442:bei
2382:Gan
2348:jin
2277:yin
1925:中成药
1921:中成藥
1797:by
1749:药性论
1745:藥性論
1551:by
1513:).
1510:yào
1420:中药学
1412:中藥學
775:MMS
242:Han
9513::
8856:Qi
8309:.
8299:.
8285:.
8266:.
8262:.
8229:.
8225:.
8202:.
8192:.
8178:.
8174:.
8151:.
8137:.
8133:.
8106:01
8104:.
8100:.
8052:.
8024:.
7845:.
7834:^
7812:.
7766:.
7730:^
7713:.
7702:^
7660:.
7562:.
7552:.
7540:11
7538:.
7534:.
7507:.
7483:.
7473:20
7471:.
7425:^
7393:^
7379:.
7369:.
7361:.
7351:78
7349:.
7345:.
7322:.
7314:.
7306:.
7294:.
7236:.
7224:.
7206:,
7070:.
7060:.
7048:.
7044:.
7021:.
7011:.
7003:.
6991:.
6987:.
6973:^
6959:.
6928:.
6897:.
6887:.
6877:10
6875:.
6871:.
6848:.
6838:.
6826:.
6822:.
6792:.
6788:.
6766:.
6756:.
6746:.
6734:.
6730:.
6700:.
6692:.
6674:.
6644:.
6634:12
6628:.
6603:15
6601:.
6578:.
6570:.
6560:50
6558:.
6535:.
6525:24
6523:.
6475:.
6461:.
6457:.
6434:.
6424:23
6422:.
6399:.
6391:.
6379:.
6249:^
6212:^
6192:^
6141:^
6093:^
6058:^
6003:,
5926:.
5895:.
5885:.
5873:.
5869:.
5814:^
5797:.
5785:.
5781:.
5754:.
5744:13
5742:.
5738:.
5660:^
5639:神农
5628:^
5614:.
5602:76
5600:.
5596:.
5566:^
5552:.
5538:.
5534:.
5511:.
5499:36
5497:.
5493:.
5481:^
5424:.
5414:.
5402:.
5396:.
5383:^
5151:.
5119:莪朮
5101:三棱
5087:虎杖
5059:桃仁
5045:乳香
5031:没药
5017:降香
5003:郁金
4947:陳皮
4919:木通
3884:常山
3206:,
3168:;
3166:丹參
3164:;
3162:丹参
3154:;
3152:大黃
3150:;
3148:大黄
3140:;
3138:地黃
3136:;
3134:地黄
3122:;
3120:赤芍
3112:;
3110:白芍
3098:;
3096:麻黃
3094:;
3092:麻黄
3078:;
3076:甘草
3064:;
3062:茯苓
3054:;
3050:;
3040:;
3038:黃連
3036:;
3034:黄连
3022:;
3020:肉桂
3012:;
3010:桂枝
3002:;
3000:柴胡
2992:;
2990:白朮
2988:;
2986:白术
2974:;
2972:黃耆
2970:;
2968:黄耆
2956:;
2954:當歸
2952:;
2950:当归
2948:,
2933:;
2917:;
2915:人參
2913:;
2911:人参
2875:.
2858:;
2856:牛膽
2854:;
2852:牛胆
2831:.
2756:.
2661:,
2657:,
2632:,
2614:,
2451:.
2398:Ku
2269:qi
2218:qi
2161:;
2151:qi
2131:;
2055:;
2047:;
2025:;
2023:经络
2021:;
2019:經絡
2004:;
2002:五味
1991:;
1989:四气
1987:;
1985:四氣
1927:;
1923:;
1905:.
1820:,
1816:,
1812:,
1787:,
1747:;
1732:.
1710:,
1650:,
1616:,
1613:神農
1468:毒藥
1450:.
1422:;
1414:;
1168:Qi
323:on
9125:e
9118:t
9111:v
8725:e
8718:t
8711:v
8678:.
8657:.
8638:.
8619:.
8600:.
8579:.
8558:.
8537:.
8505:.
8469:.
8429:.
8415:.
8401:.
8387:.
8373:.
8359:.
8317:.
8293::
8268:2
8247:.
8231:2
8210:.
8186::
8180:9
8159:.
8145::
8139:5
8118:.
8112::
8085:.
8035:.
8010:.
7985:.
7951:.
7926:.
7901:.
7876:.
7856:.
7828:.
7777:.
7752:.
7724:.
7696:.
7671:.
7646:.
7608:)
7606:.
7577::
7570:.
7546::
7519:.
7515::
7509:7
7491:.
7479::
7456:.
7419:.
7387:.
7357::
7330:.
7310::
7302::
7269:.
7244:.
7232::
7226:8
7193:.
7168:.
7120:.
7078:.
7056::
7029:.
6999::
6967:.
6955::
6936:.
6924::
6905:.
6883::
6856:.
6834::
6828:3
6807:.
6774:.
6750::
6742::
6736:8
6708:.
6686::
6652:.
6640::
6613:.
6586:.
6566::
6543:.
6531::
6508:.
6483:.
6442:.
6430::
6407:.
6387::
6364:.
6337:.
6312:.
6285:.
5976:.
5951:.
5936:.
5922::
5903:.
5881::
5854:.
5808:.
5750::
5654:.
5622:.
5608::
5560:.
5546::
5519:.
5505::
5475:.
5432:.
5418::
5410::
5274:.
5260:.
5244:.
5227:)
5223:(
5122:)
5112:(
5104:)
5098:(
5090:)
5084:(
5075:)
5062:)
5056:(
5048:)
5042:(
5034:)
5028:(
5020:)
5014:(
5006:)
5000:(
4992:)
4986:(
4978:)
4972:(
4964:)
4958:(
4950:)
4936:)
4930:(
4922:)
4916:(
4892:)
4889:王
4886:哥
4883:了
4880:(
4860:)
4857:楼
4854:栝
4851:(
4831:)
4828:花
4825:槐
4822:(
4813:树
4810:槐
4807:(
4798:槐
4795:(
4787:)
4770:)
4767:己
4764:防
4761:(
4742:)
4739:部
4736:百
4733:(
4713:)
4710:芩
4707:黄
4704:(
4684:)
4681:子
4678:味
4675:五
4672:(
4652:)
4649:香
4646:木
4643:云
4640:(
4621:)
4618:鹃
4615:杜
4612:海
4609:青
4606:(
4586:)
4583:黄
4580:大
4577:用
4574:药
4571:(
4551:)
4548:黄
4545:地
4542:(
4522:)
4519:木
4516:蛇
4513:度
4510:印
4507:(
4498:木
4495:根
4492:蛇
4489:從
4486:(
4477:木
4474:根
4471:蛇
4468:(
4448:)
4445:根
4442:葛
4439:(
4419:)
4416:黄
4413:麻
4410:山
4407:(
4387:)
4384:松
4381:钱
4378:金
4375:(
4355:)
4352:柏
4349:侧
4346:(
4338:)
4321:)
4318:柏
4315:黄
4312:(
4290:)
4287:莲
4284:边
4281:半
4278:(
4258:)
4256:芎
4253:川
4251:(
4231:)
4228:草
4225:母
4222:益
4219:(
4199:)
4196:青
4193:冬
4190:(
4170:)
4167:子
4164:风
4161:大
4158:(
4150:)
4143:(
4130:)
4127:草
4124:甘
4121:(
4101:)
4098:荚
4095:皂
4092:(
4073:)
4070:丁
4067:地
4064:(
4044:)
4041:翘
4038:连
4035:(
4016:)
4013:秋
4010:叶
4007:一
4004:(
3996:)
3976:)
3973:戟
3970:大
3967:(
3947:)
3944:仲
3941:杜
3938:(
3918:)
3915:黄
3912:麻
3909:草
3906:(
3886:)
3882:(
3862:)
3859:兰
3856:斛
3853:石
3850:(
3841:斛
3838:石
3835:(
3815:)
3812:萝
3809:陀
3806:曼
3803:花
3800:紫
3797:(
3777:)
3774:花
3771:金
3768:洋
3765:(
3745:)
3742:花
3739:芫
3736:(
3716:)
3713:豆
3710:巴
3707:(
3687:)
3684:索
3681:胡
3678:延
3675:(
3655:)
3652:连
3649:黄
3646:萼
3643:短
3640:(
3620:)
3617:奴
3614:乎
3611:亞
3605:藤
3602:生
3599:锡
3596:(
3576:)
3573:桂
3570:肉
3567:(
3547:)
3544:花
3541:红
3538:(
3518:)
3515:麻
3512:大
3509:(
3489:)
3486:叶
3483:茶
3480:(
3471:树
3468:茶
3465:(
3445:)
3442:芪
3439:北
3436:(
3427:芪
3424:黄
3421:(
3413:)
3406:(
3393:)
3390:菀
3387:紫
3384:(
3364:)
3361:牛
3358:金
3355:紫
3352:(
3332:)
3329:菪
3326:莨
3323:山
3320:(
3300:)
3297:翁
3294:头
3291:白
3288:(
3280:)
3273:(
3260:)
3257:枫
3254:角
3251:八
3248:(
3228:)
3225:香
3222:藿
3219:(
3132:(
3090:(
3074:(
3052:薑
3048:姜
3032:(
2984:(
2966:(
2942:(
2927:(
2909:(
2772:,
2603:(
2531:(
2521:(
2503:(
2493:(
2469:(
2459:(
2435:(
2425:(
2407:(
2391:(
2367:(
2357:(
2327:(
2317:(
2307:(
2163:涩
2159:澀
2138:淡
2133:咸
2129:鹹
2124:酸
2118:苦
2112:甘
2106:辛
2074:平
2068:寒
2062:涼
2057:温
2053:溫
2049:热
2045:熱
2031:)
2017:(
2010:)
1997:)
1781:(
1743:(
1713:證
1644:(
1630:'
1624:'
1610:(
1574:)
1568:(
1563:)
1559:(
1545:.
1504:藥
1406:(
1392:e
1385:t
1378:v
305:e
298:t
291:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
