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Chinese rufous horseshoe bat

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The Chinese rufous horseshoe bat has a forearm length of 43–56 mm (1.7–2.2 in). It has an ear length of 15–20 mm (0.59–0.79 in) and a tail length of 21–30 mm (0.83–1.18 in). Overall, it is considered a medium-sized horseshoe bat. It is similar in appearance to the
354:, assessed by the Red List of Threatened Species on the basis that it has fairly wide distribution and is locally common in southeast Asia. The species is not listed in the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Wildlife in 1989. 316:, it is slightly larger. The fur on its back is bicolored: the basal two-thirds of individual hairs are brownish-white, while the tips of the hairs are reddish brown. Its belly fur is paler in color and is brownish-white. 364: 30: 548:"Vampire in the darkness: a new genus and species of land leech exclusively bloodsucking cave-dwelling bats from China (Hirudinda: Arhynchobdellida: Haemadipsidae)" 1846: 1900: 268:, from which it is best distinguished by its straight-sided lancet and the relatively short second phalanx of the third digit (< 66% of the length of the 546:
Huang, Taifu; Liu, Zhiwei; Gong, Xiaoyan; Wu, Tao; Liu, Hui; Deng, Jiaxin; Zhang, Youxiang; Peng, Qingzhong; Zhang, Libiao; Liu, Zhixiao (2019-02-25).
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of a few individuals up to several hundred. During the reproductive season, the sexes segregate, with females forming
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Filatov, Dmitry A.; Mao, Xiuguang; He, Guimei; Zhang, Junpeng; Rossiter, Stephen J.; Zhang, Shuyi (2013).
1734: 1623: 1285: 1279: 1258: 1168: 1090: 1060: 960: 950: 880: 870: 833: 823: 351: 169: 207: 1755: 1519: 1469: 1439: 1352: 1312: 1238: 1198: 1135: 1124: 1118: 970: 638: 455: 309: 1479: 1409: 416: 264: 39: 1509: 1419: 910: 583: 329: 69: 1872: 1742: 1660: 1600: 1111: 664: 575: 567: 526: 491: 473: 334: 1877: 654: 646: 559: 481: 463: 411: 325: 1812: 627:"Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor" 1859: 699: 642: 459: 767: 659: 626: 486: 439: 1894: 1807: 784: 731: 402: 393: 339: 236: 146: 136: 59: 54: 587: 1747: 520: 468: 1825: 1781: 1714: 1705: 563: 269: 571: 477: 547: 86: 668: 579: 495: 440:"Lineage Divergence and Historical Gene Flow in the Chinese Horseshoe Bat ( 1864: 686: 1699: 761: 749: 106: 650: 1773: 256: 1786: 755: 743: 240: 116: 96: 1676: 252: 248: 244: 1760: 1680: 703: 773: 387: 385: 232: 126: 332:. Additionally this species is a food source of the parasite 324:
The Chinese rufous horseshoe bat is a social animal, forming
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Xing-Yi Ge; Jia-Lu Li; Xing-Lou Yang; et al. (2013).
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University of Bristol - School of Biological Sciences
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severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus
342:. They roost in caves, often with other bat species. 1689: 782: 362:Bats of this species form the natural reservoir of 312:, though with longer wings. While also similar to 368:. An example of one particular strain present is 525:. Princeton University Press. pp. 231–232. 417:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T41529A22005184.en 287:is divided into the following two subspecies: 715: 8: 1677: 722: 708: 700: 206: 48: 29: 20: 658: 519:Smith, Andrew T.; Xie, Yan, eds. (2013). 485: 467: 415: 262:The species is most easily confused with 514: 512: 381: 7: 350:Chinese rufous horseshoe bats are a 1901:IUCN Red List least concern species 403:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 215:Chinese rufous horseshoe bat range 14: 685: 501: 73: 1159:Philippine forest horseshoe bat 370:Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1 1: 1570:Little Nepalese horseshoe bat 1323:Formosan lesser horseshoe bat 1071:Formosan woolly horseshoe bat 981:Little Japanese horseshoe bat 24:Chinese rufous horseshoe bat 1540:Chinese rufous horseshoe bat 469:10.1371/journal.pone.0056786 223:Chinese rufous horseshoe bat 1926:Taxa named by Knud Andersen 1480:Lesser woolly horseshoe bat 1101:Hildebrandt's horseshoe bat 1041:Mediterranean horseshoe bat 844:Lesser woolly horseshoe bat 1942: 1634:Yellow-faced horseshoe bat 1580:Small rufous horseshoe bat 1560:Lesser brown horseshoe bat 1500:Shortridge's horseshoe bat 1450:Large rufous horseshoe bat 814:Intermediate horseshoe bat 1921:Mammals described in 1905 1393:Large-eared horseshoe bat 1051:Broad-eared horseshoe bat 931:Chiewkwee's horseshoe bat 738: 730:Extant species of family 564:10.11646/zootaxa.4560.2.2 214: 205: 198: 193: 175: 168: 70:Scientific classification 68: 46: 37: 28: 23: 1550:Smithers's horseshoe bat 1430:Peninsular horseshoe bat 1343:Mozambican horseshoe bat 1269:Marshall's horseshoe bat 1209:Mount Mabu horseshoe bat 1142:Imaizumi's horseshoe bat 941:Geoffroy's horseshoe bat 1460:Ruwenzori horseshoe bat 1383:Pearson's horseshoe bat 1373:Bourret's horseshoe bat 1249:Maendeleo horseshoe bat 1229:Big-eared horseshoe bat 1219:Maclaud's horseshoe bat 1081:RĂĽppell's horseshoe bat 1001:Darling's horseshoe bat 861:Blasius's horseshoe bat 794:Acuminate horseshoe bat 558:(2): zootaxa.4560.2.2. 1651:Dobson's horseshoe bat 1614:Thomas's horseshoe bat 1590:Swinny's horseshoe bat 1530:Bushveld horseshoe bat 1490:Shamel's horseshoe bat 1363:Osgood's horseshoe bat 1333:Timorese horseshoe bat 1296:Mehely's horseshoe bat 1179:Lander's horseshoe bat 1031:Eloquent horseshoe bat 1011:Decken's horseshoe bat 991:Creagh's horseshoe bat 921:Sulawesi horseshoe bat 314:Thomas's horseshoe bat 1645:R. xinanzhongguoensis 1624:Trefoil horseshoe bat 1286:Smaller horseshoe bat 1259:Malayan horseshoe bat 1189:Blyth's horseshoe bat 1169:Insular horseshoe bat 1091:Guinean horseshoe bat 1061:Greater horseshoe bat 961:Andaman horseshoe bat 951:Croslet horseshoe bat 901:Cohen's horseshoe bat 891:Canut's horseshoe bat 881:Bornean horseshoe bat 871:Bokhara horseshoe bat 834:Arcuate horseshoe bat 824:Halcyon horseshoe bat 602:"Rhinolophus sinicus" 410:: e.T41529A22005184. 352:least-concern species 292:R. s. septentrionalis 1520:Forest horseshoe bat 1470:Sakeji horseshoe bat 1440:Rufous horseshoe bat 1353:Neriad horseshoe bat 1313:Mitred horseshoe bat 1239:Madura horseshoe bat 1199:Woolly horseshoe bat 1125:Lesser horseshoe bat 1021:Dent's horseshoe bat 971:Convex horseshoe bat 804:Adam's horseshoe bat 696:at Wikimedia Commons 310:rufous horseshoe bat 1721:Rhinolophus sinicus 1691:Rhinolophus sinicus 1661:Ziama horseshoe bat 1410:Least horseshoe bat 693:Rhinolophus sinicus 651:10.1038/nature12711 643:2013Natur.503..535G 460:2013PLoSO...856786M 442:Rhinolophus sinicus 396:Rhinolophus sinicus 346:Conservation status 320:Biology and ecology 285:Rhinolophus sinicus 228:Rhinolophus sinicus 179:Rhinolophus sinicus 40:Conservation status 1510:Thai horseshoe bat 1420:King horseshoe bat 911:Cape horseshoe bat 330:maternity colonies 231:) is a species of 1888: 1887: 1873:Open Tree of Life 1683:Taxon identifiers 1674: 1673: 1397:R. philippinensis 1377:R. paradoxolophus 690:Media related to 335:Sinospelaeobdella 239:. It is found in 219: 218: 63: 1933: 1916:Mammals of Nepal 1881: 1880: 1868: 1867: 1855: 1854: 1842: 1841: 1829: 1828: 1816: 1815: 1803: 1802: 1790: 1789: 1777: 1776: 1764: 1763: 1751: 1750: 1738: 1737: 1725: 1724: 1723: 1710: 1709: 1708: 1678: 1608:R. thailandensis 1307:R. microglobosus 1065:R. ferrumequinum 724: 717: 710: 701: 689: 673: 672: 662: 622: 616: 615: 613: 612: 598: 592: 591: 543: 537: 536: 522:Mammals of China 516: 507: 506: 505: 499: 489: 471: 435: 429: 428: 426: 424: 419: 392:Sun, K. (2019). 389: 340:jawed land leech 210: 181: 78: 77: 57: 52: 51: 33: 21: 1941: 1940: 1936: 1935: 1934: 1932: 1931: 1930: 1891: 1890: 1889: 1884: 1876: 1871: 1863: 1860:Observation.org 1858: 1850: 1845: 1837: 1832: 1824: 1819: 1811: 1806: 1798: 1793: 1785: 1780: 1772: 1767: 1759: 1754: 1746: 1741: 1733: 1728: 1719: 1718: 1713: 1704: 1703: 1698: 1685: 1675: 1670: 1129:R. hipposideros 1105:R. hildebrandti 955:R. coelophyllus 855:R. belligerator 778: 734: 728: 682: 677: 676: 637:(7477): 535–8. 624: 623: 619: 610: 608: 600: 599: 595: 545: 544: 540: 533: 518: 517: 510: 500: 437: 436: 432: 422: 420: 391: 390: 383: 378: 360: 348: 322: 305: 282: 189: 183: 177: 164: 161:R. sinicus 72: 64: 53: 49: 42: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1939: 1937: 1929: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1893: 1892: 1886: 1885: 1883: 1882: 1869: 1856: 1843: 1830: 1817: 1804: 1791: 1778: 1765: 1752: 1739: 1726: 1711: 1695: 1693: 1687: 1686: 1681: 1672: 1671: 1669: 1668: 1658: 1648: 1641: 1631: 1628:R. trifoliatus 1621: 1611: 1604: 1597: 1587: 1577: 1567: 1557: 1547: 1537: 1527: 1517: 1507: 1504:R. shortridgei 1497: 1487: 1477: 1474:R. sakejiensis 1467: 1457: 1447: 1437: 1427: 1417: 1407: 1404:R. proconsulis 1400: 1390: 1380: 1370: 1360: 1350: 1347:R. mossambicus 1340: 1330: 1320: 1310: 1303: 1293: 1290:R. megaphyllus 1283: 1276: 1266: 1256: 1246: 1236: 1226: 1216: 1206: 1196: 1186: 1176: 1166: 1156: 1149: 1139: 1132: 1122: 1115: 1108: 1098: 1088: 1078: 1068: 1058: 1048: 1038: 1028: 1018: 1008: 998: 988: 978: 968: 958: 948: 938: 935:R. chiewkweeae 928: 918: 908: 898: 888: 878: 868: 858: 851: 841: 831: 821: 811: 801: 790: 788: 780: 779: 777: 776: 770: 768:Laurasiatheria 764: 758: 752: 746: 739: 736: 735: 729: 727: 726: 719: 712: 704: 698: 697: 681: 680:External links 678: 675: 674: 617: 593: 538: 531: 508: 430: 380: 379: 377: 374: 359: 356: 347: 344: 321: 318: 304: 301: 300: 299: 294: 281: 278: 235:in the family 217: 216: 212: 211: 203: 202: 200:Two; see text 196: 195: 191: 190: 184: 173: 172: 166: 165: 158: 156: 152: 151: 144: 140: 139: 134: 130: 129: 124: 120: 119: 114: 110: 109: 104: 100: 99: 94: 90: 89: 84: 80: 79: 66: 65: 47: 44: 43: 38: 35: 34: 26: 25: 16:Species of bat 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1938: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1911:Bats of China 1909: 1907: 1906:Rhinolophidae 1904: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1896: 1879: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1731: 1727: 1722: 1716: 1712: 1707: 1701: 1697: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1679: 1666: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1655:R. yunanensis 1652: 1649: 1647: 1646: 1642: 1639: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1609: 1605: 1603: 1602: 1598: 1595: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1524:R. silvestris 1521: 1518: 1515: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1464:R. ruwenzorii 1461: 1458: 1455: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1405: 1401: 1398: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1308: 1304: 1301: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1281: 1277: 1274: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1243:R. madurensis 1240: 1237: 1234: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1154: 1153:R. indorouxii 1150: 1147: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1137: 1133: 1130: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1120: 1116: 1114: 1113: 1109: 1106: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1095:R. guineensis 1092: 1089: 1086: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1002: 999: 996: 992: 989: 986: 982: 979: 976: 972: 969: 966: 962: 959: 956: 952: 949: 946: 942: 939: 936: 932: 929: 926: 925:R. celebensis 922: 919: 916: 912: 909: 906: 902: 899: 896: 892: 889: 886: 885:R. borneensis 882: 879: 876: 875:R. bocharicus 872: 869: 866: 862: 859: 857: 856: 852: 849: 845: 842: 839: 835: 832: 829: 825: 822: 819: 815: 812: 809: 805: 802: 799: 798:R. acuminatus 795: 792: 791: 789: 787: 786: 781: 775: 771: 769: 765: 763: 759: 757: 753: 751: 747: 745: 741: 740: 737: 733: 732:Rhinolophidae 725: 720: 718: 713: 711: 706: 705: 702: 695: 694: 688: 684: 683: 679: 670: 666: 661: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 621: 618: 607: 603: 597: 594: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 542: 539: 534: 532:9781400846887 528: 524: 523: 515: 513: 509: 504: 497: 493: 488: 483: 479: 475: 470: 465: 461: 457: 454:(2): e56786. 453: 449: 445: 443: 434: 431: 418: 413: 409: 405: 404: 399: 397: 388: 386: 382: 375: 373: 371: 367: 366: 357: 355: 353: 345: 343: 341: 337: 336: 331: 327: 319: 317: 315: 311: 302: 298: 297:R. s. sinicus 295: 293: 290: 289: 288: 286: 279: 277: 275: 271: 267: 266: 260: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 237:Rhinolophidae 234: 230: 229: 224: 213: 209: 204: 201: 197: 192: 187: 182: 180: 174: 171: 170:Binomial name 167: 163: 162: 157: 154: 153: 150: 149: 145: 142: 141: 138: 137:Rhinolophidae 135: 132: 131: 128: 125: 122: 121: 118: 115: 112: 111: 108: 105: 102: 101: 98: 95: 92: 91: 88: 85: 82: 81: 76: 71: 67: 61: 56: 55:Least Concern 45: 41: 36: 32: 27: 22: 19: 1690: 1664: 1654: 1643: 1637: 1627: 1617: 1606: 1599: 1593: 1583: 1574:R. subbadius 1573: 1563: 1554:R. smithersi 1553: 1543: 1539: 1534:R. simulator 1533: 1523: 1514:R. siamensis 1513: 1503: 1493: 1483: 1473: 1463: 1453: 1443: 1434:R. robinsoni 1433: 1423: 1413: 1402: 1396: 1387:R. pearsonii 1386: 1376: 1366: 1356: 1346: 1336: 1327:R. monoceros 1326: 1316: 1305: 1299: 1289: 1280:R. mcintyrei 1278: 1273:R. marshalli 1272: 1263:R. malayanus 1262: 1253:R. maendeleo 1252: 1242: 1232: 1222: 1213:R. mabuensis 1212: 1202: 1192: 1182: 1172: 1162: 1151: 1146:R. imaizumii 1145: 1134: 1128: 1117: 1110: 1104: 1094: 1085:R. fumigatus 1084: 1074: 1064: 1054: 1044: 1034: 1024: 1014: 1004: 994: 984: 974: 964: 954: 944: 934: 924: 914: 904: 894: 884: 874: 864: 853: 847: 837: 827: 817: 807: 797: 783: 766:Superorder: 760:Infraclass: 692: 634: 630: 620: 609:. Retrieved 605: 596: 555: 551: 541: 521: 451: 447: 441: 433: 421:. Retrieved 407: 401: 395: 363: 361: 349: 333: 323: 306: 296: 291: 284: 283: 273: 263: 261: 227: 226: 222: 220: 199: 178: 176: 160: 159: 147: 18: 1782:iNaturalist 1715:Wikispecies 1584:R. subrufus 1414:R. pusillus 1337:R. montanus 1317:R. mitratus 1233:R. macrotis 1223:R. maclaudi 1173:R. keyensis 1136:R. huananus 1119:R. hillorum 1075:R. formosae 1055:R. euryotis 1035:R. eloquens 1015:R. deckenii 1005:R. darlingi 985:R. cornutus 975:R. convexus 965:R. cognatus 945:R. clivosus 915:R. capensis 848:R. beddomei 838:R. arcuatus 785:Rhinolophus 423:17 November 303:Description 194:Subspecies 186:K. Andersen 148:Rhinolophus 1895:Categories 1618:R. thomasi 1594:R. swinnyi 1544:R. sinicus 1494:R. shameli 1484:R. sedulus 1367:R. osgoodi 1300:R. mehelyi 1193:R. lepidus 1183:R. landeri 1045:R. euryale 995:R. creaghi 905:R. cohenae 828:R. alcyone 818:R. affinis 774:Chiroptera 611:2021-05-20 376:References 280:Subspecies 270:metacarpal 265:R. affinis 127:Chiroptera 1564:R. stheno 1444:R. rouxii 1357:R. nereis 1203:R. luctus 895:R. canuti 865:R. blasii 742:Kingdom: 572:1175-5334 478:1932-6203 276:. 2003). 272:; Csorba 155:Species: 93:Kingdom: 87:Eukaryota 1839:13800652 1706:Q1767536 1700:Wikidata 1665:R. ziama 1638:R. virgo 1601:R. tatar 1454:R. rufus 1163:R. inops 1112:R. hilli 1025:R. denti 808:R. adami 762:Eutheria 756:Mammalia 750:Chordata 748:Phylum: 744:Animalia 669:24172901 588:92229405 580:31716579 496:23451086 448:PLOS ONE 326:colonies 133:Family: 117:Mammalia 107:Chordata 103:Phylum: 97:Animalia 83:Domain: 60:IUCN 3.1 1878:1047995 1826:1004746 1774:7261959 1761:7253631 772:Order: 754:Class: 660:5389864 639:Bibcode 552:Zootaxa 487:3581519 456:Bibcode 358:Disease 257:Vietnam 143:Genus: 123:Order: 113:Class: 58: ( 1865:201198 1800:946010 1424:R. rex 667:  657:  631:Nature 586:  578:  570:  529:  494:  484:  476:  255:, and 241:Bhutan 188:, 1905 1852:89399 1813:41529 1787:75023 1748:4S99Z 1735:12172 584:S2CID 274:et al 253:Nepal 249:India 245:China 1847:NCBI 1808:IUCN 1795:ITIS 1769:GBIF 1730:BOLD 665:PMID 576:PMID 568:ISSN 556:4560 527:ISBN 492:PMID 474:ISSN 425:2021 408:2019 338:, a 221:The 1834:MSW 1821:MDD 1756:EoL 1743:CoL 655:PMC 647:doi 635:503 560:doi 482:PMC 464:doi 412:doi 243:, 233:bat 1897:: 1875:: 1862:: 1849:: 1836:: 1823:: 1810:: 1797:: 1784:: 1771:: 1758:: 1745:: 1732:: 1717:: 1702:: 663:. 653:. 645:. 633:. 629:. 604:. 582:. 574:. 566:. 554:. 550:. 511:^ 490:. 480:. 472:. 462:. 450:. 446:. 444:)" 406:. 400:. 384:^ 372:. 259:. 251:, 247:, 1667:) 1663:( 1657:) 1653:( 1640:) 1636:( 1630:) 1626:( 1620:) 1616:( 1596:) 1592:( 1586:) 1582:( 1576:) 1572:( 1566:) 1562:( 1556:) 1552:( 1546:) 1542:( 1536:) 1532:( 1526:) 1522:( 1516:) 1512:( 1506:) 1502:( 1496:) 1492:( 1486:) 1482:( 1476:) 1472:( 1466:) 1462:( 1456:) 1452:( 1446:) 1442:( 1436:) 1432:( 1426:) 1422:( 1416:) 1412:( 1399:) 1395:( 1389:) 1385:( 1379:) 1375:( 1369:) 1365:( 1359:) 1355:( 1349:) 1345:( 1339:) 1335:( 1329:) 1325:( 1319:) 1315:( 1302:) 1298:( 1292:) 1288:( 1275:) 1271:( 1265:) 1261:( 1255:) 1251:( 1245:) 1241:( 1235:) 1231:( 1225:) 1221:( 1215:) 1211:( 1205:) 1201:( 1195:) 1191:( 1185:) 1181:( 1175:) 1171:( 1165:) 1161:( 1148:) 1144:( 1131:) 1127:( 1107:) 1103:( 1097:) 1093:( 1087:) 1083:( 1077:) 1073:( 1067:) 1063:( 1057:) 1053:( 1047:) 1043:( 1037:) 1033:( 1027:) 1023:( 1017:) 1013:( 1007:) 1003:( 997:) 993:( 987:) 983:( 977:) 973:( 967:) 963:( 957:) 953:( 947:) 943:( 937:) 933:( 927:) 923:( 917:) 913:( 907:) 903:( 897:) 893:( 887:) 883:( 877:) 873:( 867:) 863:( 850:) 846:( 840:) 836:( 830:) 826:( 820:) 816:( 810:) 806:( 800:) 796:( 723:e 716:t 709:v 671:. 649:: 641:: 614:. 590:. 562:: 535:. 498:. 466:: 458:: 452:8 427:. 414:: 398:" 394:" 225:( 62:)

Index


Conservation status
Least Concern
IUCN 3.1
Scientific classification
Edit this classification
Eukaryota
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus
Binomial name
K. Andersen

bat
Rhinolophidae
Bhutan
China
India
Nepal
Vietnam
R. affinis
metacarpal
rufous horseshoe bat
Thomas's horseshoe bat
colonies
maternity colonies
Sinospelaeobdella

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