31:
69:
Roosting in large groups brings risks to the members of a maternity colony. Predators such as hawks and owls can learn to anticipate the emergence of bats from a specific roost at sunset. Smaller colonies are thought to be less risky than larger colonies, because the nightly emergence of bats would
1073:
Menzel, M. A., Owen, S. F., Ford, W. M., Edwards, J. W., Wood, P. B., Chapman, B. R., & Miller, K. V. (2002). Roost tree selection by northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) maternity colonies in an industrial forest of the central
Appalachian mountains. Forest Ecology and Management,
42:
refers to a temporary association of reproductive female bats for giving birth to, nursing, and weaning their pups. The colonies are initiated by pregnant bats. After giving birth, the colony consists of the lactating females and their offspring. After weaning, juveniles will leave the maternity
60:
for short periods to conserve energy when temperatures are below an optimum threshold. However, torpor is detrimental to reproductive females because it delays the development of the fetus and slows milk production. Therefore, female bats are highly incentivized to maintain a constant body
1525:
Galindo-Galindo, C., Castro-Campillo, A., Salame-MĂ©ndez, A., & RamĂrez-Pulido, J. (2000). Reproductive events and social organization in a colony of Anoura geoffroyi (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from a temperate
Mexican cave. Acta ZoolĂłgica Mexicana, (80),
1093:
Dekker, J. J., Regelink, J. R., Jansen, E. A., Brinkmann, R., & Limpens, H. J. (2013). Habitat use by female
Geoffroyâs bats (Myotis emarginatus) at its two northernmost maternity roosts and the implications for their conservation. Visions of nature,
1083:
Kerth, G., Safi, K., & König, B. (2002). Mean colony relatedness is a poor predictor of colony structure and female philopatry in the communally breeding
Bechstein's bat (Myotis bechsteinii). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 52(3),
1441:
Bontadina, F., Arlettaz, R., Fankhauser, T., Lutz, M., MĂŒhlethaler, E., Theiler, A., & Zingg, P. (2000). The lesser horseshoe bat
Rhinolophus hipposideros in Switzerland: present status and research recommendations. Le Rhinolophe, 14,
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Vincent, S., Nemoz, M., & Aulagnier, S. (2010). Activity and foraging habitats of
Miniopterus schreibersii (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae) in southern France: implications for its conservation. Hystrix: The Italian Journal of Mammalogy,
43:
colony, and the colony itself will break apart. The size of a maternity colony is highly variable by species, with some species forming colonies consisting of ten or fewer individuals, while the largest maternity colony in the world in
1162:
Encarnação, J. A., Kierdorf, U., Holweg, D., Jasnoch, U., & Wolters, V. (2005). Sexârelated differences in roostâsite selection by
Daubenton's bats Myotis daubentonii during the nursery period. Mammal Review, 35(3â4),
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Castella, V., Ruedi, M., & Excoffier, L. (2001). Contrasted patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear structure among nursery colonies of the bat Myotis myotis. Journal of
Evolutionary Biology, 14(5), 708-720.
1299:
Clark, B. K., Clark, B. S., & Leslie Jr, D. M. (1997). Seasonal variation in use of caves by the endangered Ozark big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii ingens) in
Oklahoma. American Midland Naturalist,
1237:
Catto, C. M. C., Hutson, A. M., Raccey, P. A., & Stephenson, P. J. (1996). Foraging behaviour and habitat use of the serotine bat (Eptesicus serotinus) in southern
England. Journal of Zoology, 238(4),
1190:
Winchell, J. M., & Kunz, T. H. (1996). Day-roosting activity budgets of the eastern pipistrelle bat, Pipistrellus subflavus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74(3), 431-441.
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Hoying, K. M., & Kunz, T. H. (1998). Variation in size at birth and postânatal growth in the insectivorous bat Pipistrellus subflavus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Journal of Zoology, 245(1), 15-27.
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Dietz, M., & Kalko, E. K. (2006). Seasonal changes in daily torpor patterns of free-ranging female and male Daubentonâs bats (Myotis daubentonii). Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 176(3), 223-231.
55:
Maternity colonies are especially prevalent in temperate regions due to the thermal benefits of roosting with other individuals. Outside of the winter months, non-reproductive females and male bats enter
1545:
Gumal, M. T. (2004). Diurnal home range and roosting trees of a maternity colony of Pteropus vampyrus natunae (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in Sedilu, Sarawak. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 20(03), 247-258.
1365:
Webb, P. I., Speakman, J. R., & Racey, P. A. (1996). Population dynamics of a maternity colony of the pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) in northâeast Scotland. Journal of Zoology, 240(4),
1309:
Hurst, T. E., & Lacki, M. J. (1999). Roost selection, population size and habitat use by a colony of Rafinesque's big-eared bats (Corynorhinus rafinesquii). The American midland naturalist, 142(2),
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Russ, J. M., O'Neill, J. K., & Montgomery, W. I. (1998). Nathusius' pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus nathusii, Keyserling & Blasius 1839) breeding in Ireland. Journal of Zoology, 245(3), 345-349.
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Frick, W. F., Reynolds, D. S., & Kunz, T. H. (2010). Influence of climate and reproductive timing on demography of little brown myotis Myotis lucifugus. Journal of animal ecology, 79(1), 128-136.
1414:
Hillen, J., Kiefer, A., & Veith, M. (2009). Foraging site fidelity shapes the spatial organisation of a population of female western barbastelle bats. Biological Conservation, 142(4), 817-823.
1516:
Sparks, D. W., & Valdez, E. W. (2003). Food habits of Nyctinomops macrotis at a maternity roost in New Mexico, as indicated by analysis of guano. The Southwestern Naturalist, 48(1), 132-135.
1265:
Mazurek, M. J. (2004). A maternity roost of Townsend's big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii) in coast redwood basal hollows in northwestern California. Northwestern Naturalist, 85(2), 60-62.
955:
Fenton, M. B., Rautenbach, I. L., Smith, S. E., Swanepoel, C. M., Grosell, J., & Van Jaarsveld, J. (1994). Raptors and bats: threats and opportunities. Animal Behaviour, 48(1), 9-18.
1393:
Dixon, J. M., & Huxley, L. (1989). Observations on a maternity colony of Gouldâs wattled bat Chalinolobus gouldii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Mammalia, 53(3), 395-414.
1423:
Cockrum, E. L., & Musgrove, B. F. (1964). Additional records of the Mexican big-eared bat, Plecotus phyllotis (Allen), from Arizona. Journal of Mammalogy, 45(3), 472-474.
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Callahan, E. V., Drobney, R. D., & Clawson, R. L. (1997). Selection of summer roosting sites by Indiana bats (Myotis sodalis) in Missouri. Journal of Mammalogy, 818-825.
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O'Keefe, J. M., & LaVoie, M. (2011). Maternity colony of eastern small-footed myotis (Myotis leibii) in a historic building. Southeastern Naturalist, 10(2), 381-383.
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Rancourt, S. J., Rule, M. I., & O'Connell, M. A. (2005). Maternity roost site selection of long-eared myotis, Myotis evotis. Journal of Mammalogy, 86(1), 77-84.
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Taylor, R. J., & Savva, N. M. (1988). Use of roost sites by four species of bats in state forest in south-eastern Tasmania. Wildlife Research, 15(6), 637-645.
1199:
Granat, M. M. (2023). Confirmation of the presence of Vespertilio murinus maternity colony in Warsaw. PrzeglÄ
d Przyrodniczy, XXXIV, 3 (2023), 101-103.
1432:
Sharifi, M. (2004). Postnatal growth and age estimation in the Mehely's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus mehelyi). Acta Chiropterologica, 6(1), 155-161.
1247:
Rydell, J. (1989). Site fidelity in the northern bat (Eptesicus nilssoni) during pregnancy and lactation. Journal of mammalogy, 70(3), 614-617.
1112:
Shen, H. P., & Lee, L. L. (2000). Mother-young interactions in a maternity colony of Myotis formosus. Journal of Mammalogy, 81(3), 726-733.
1011:
1384:
Whitaker Jr, J. O., & Clem, P. (1992). Food of the evening bat Nycticeius humeralis from Indiana. American Midland Naturalist, 211-214.
1256:
Betts, B. J. (1998). Roosts used by maternity colonies of silver-haired bats in northeastern Oregon. Journal of Mammalogy, 79(2), 643-650.
1103:
Tuttle, M. D. (1979). Status, causes of decline, and management of endangered gray bats. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 1-17.
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190:
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984:
1492:
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Biswas, J., & Shrotriya, S. (2011). Dandak: a mammalian dominated cave ecosystem of India. Subterranean Biology, 8, 1.
1454:"Importance of night roosts for bat conservation: roosting behaviour of the lesser horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hipposideros"
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61:
temperature. Roosting in a large group allows females to share body heat, lowering the energetic costs for individuals.
279:
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Davis, R., & Cockrum, E. L. (1963). Bridges utilized as day-roosts by bats. Journal of Mammalogy, 44(3), 428-430.
511:
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Wilkinson, G. S., & South, J. M. (2002). Life history, ecology and longevity in bats. Aging cell, 1(2), 124-131.
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816:
302:
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Hayward, B. J. (1963). A maternity colony of Myotis occultus. Journal of Mammalogy, 44(2), 279-279.
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543:
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601:
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366:
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1339:
913:
853:
263:
116:
108:
585:
350:
156:
1561:
1555:
1330:
1321:
879:
824:
750:
642:
501:
433:
407:
288:
199:
124:
465:
449:
44:
17:
1209:
716:
633:
334:
318:
172:
808:
700:
559:
555:
551:
245:
905:
489:
1012:"Species Assessment for Fringed Myotis (Myotis thysanodes) in Wyoming"
1469:
497:
493:
292:
203:
128:
57:
1453:
29:
985:"The Southeastern Bat: Another Cave-roosting Species in Peril"
34:
Townsend's big-eared bats exiting a maternity colony in a mine
1210:"Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus) Species Guidance"
27:Temporary association of reproductive female bats
1401:
1399:
1345:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T14920A22015682.en
1140:
1138:
1136:
843:North America, Central America, South America
441:North America, Central America, the Caribbean
8:
942:
940:
983:Gore, Jeffrey; Hovis, Julie (Summer 1992).
47:is estimated to have over 15 million bats.
1046:. Department of the Interior. 4 March 2008
1343:
1217:Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
77:
936:
1452:Knight, Tessa; Jones, Gareth (2009).
7:
74:Species that form maternity colonies
1331:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
532:Corynorhinus townsendii virginianus
1010:Keinath, Douglas (December 2003).
25:
1320:Csorba, G.; Hutson, A.M. (2016).
1044:U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
1040:"Summary of Indiana Bat Ecology"
991:. Bat Conservation International
827:, Central America, South America
1280:Center for Biological Diversity
1497:Bat Conservation International
869:Central America, South America
548:Corynorhinus townsendii ingens
51:Benefits of a maternity colony
1:
1493:"Protecting a Jewel in Texas"
708:Canada, Western U.S., Mexico
164:Canada, Western U.S., Mexico
1458:Endangered Species Research
65:Risks of a maternity colony
1578:
782:Europe, North Africa, Asia
609:Europe, North Africa, Asia
593:Europe, Asia, North Africa
570:Rafinesque's big-eared bat
1019:Bureau of Land Management
740:Southwestern U.S., Mexico
606:Pipistrellus pipistrellus
486:Lasionycteris noctivagans
1276:"Virginia big-eared bat"
914:Bornean large flying fox
892:Miniopterus schreibersii
779:Rhinolophus hipposideros
721:Barbastella barbastellus
574:Corynorhinus rafinesquii
512:Townsend's big-eared bat
280:Eastern small-footed bat
70:attract less attention.
895:Europe, Asia, Australia
862:Geoffroy's tailless bat
817:Mexican free-tailed bat
618:Nathusius's pipistrelle
516:Corynorhinus townsendii
303:Greater mouse-eared bat
191:Northern long-eared bat
759:Mehely's horseshoe bat
528:Virginia big-eared bat
326:Southwest U.S., Mexico
195:Myotis septentrionalis
35:
1338:: e.T14920A22015682.
821:Tadarida brasiliensis
733:Allen's big-eared bat
689:Nyctophilus geoffroyi
685:Lesser long-eared bat
622:Pipistrellus nathusii
143:Myotis austroriparius
100:Maternity colony size
33:
888:Common bent-wing bat
840:Nyctinomops macrotis
798:Asia, Southeast Asia
791:Rufous horseshoe bat
775:Lesser horseshoe bat
657:Chalinolobus gouldii
638:Nycticeius humeralis
519:Canada, Mexico, U.S.
403:Perimyotis subflavus
390:Canada, Western U.S.
836:Big free-tailed bat
766:Europe, Middle East
763:Rhinolophus mehelyi
669:Southern forest bat
653:Gould's wattled bat
544:Ozark big-eared bat
454:Eptesicus serotinus
422:Vespertilio murinus
139:Southeastern myotis
80:
795:Rhinolophus rouxii
737:Plecotus phyllotis
705:Antrozous pallidus
673:Vespadelus regulus
602:Common pipistrelle
470:Eptesicus nilsonii
418:Parti-coloured bat
371:Myotis daubentonii
234:Myotis emarginatus
218:Myotis bechsteinii
78:
36:
18:Maternity colonies
928:
927:
918:Pteropus vampyrus
577:Southeastern U.S.
482:Silver-haired bat
383:Long-eared myotis
358:Southwestern U.S.
339:Myotis yumanensis
254:Southeastern U.S.
250:Myotis grisescens
161:Myotis thysanodes
147:Southeastern U.S.
16:(Redirected from
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866:Anoura geoffroyi
854:Phyllostomatidae
590:Nyctalus noctula
535:Appalachian U.S.
438:Eptesicus fuscus
121:Myotis lucifugus
117:Little brown bat
109:Vespertilionidae
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79:Incomplete list
40:maternity colony
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367:Daubenton's bat
355:Myotis occultus
268:Myotis formosus
214:Bechstein's bat
181:Midwestern U.S.
90:Scientific name
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586:Common noctule
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1219:. 11 Sep 2013
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434:Big brown bat
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284:Myotis leibii
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264:Hodgson's bat
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1500:. Retrieved
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1349:. Retrieved
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1283:. Retrieved
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1221:. Retrieved
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1048:. Retrieved
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1022:. Retrieved
1018:
1005:
993:. Retrieved
988:
978:
969:
960:
951:
906:Pteripodidae
903:
898:2,500-5,000
877:
851:
830:â€15 million
806:
748:
473:Europe, Asia
466:Northern bat
457:Europe, Asia
450:Serotine bat
425:Europe, Asia
374:Europe, Asia
342:Western U.S.
221:Europe, Asia
106:
99:
94:
89:
84:
68:
54:
45:Bracken Cave
39:
37:
1351:12 November
924:<15,000
717:Barbastelle
634:Evening bat
345:100-1,000
335:Yuma myotis
319:Cave myotis
240:<10-985
173:Indiana bat
85:Common name
1464:(1â2): 2.
931:References
809:Molossidae
701:Pallid bat
329:100-3,000
692:Australia
676:Australia
660:Australia
538:100-6335
258:100,000+
1556:Category
1366:777-780.
1310:363-371.
1300:388-392.
1238:623-633.
1163:285-294.
1084:203-210.
904:Family:
872:<150
852:Family:
807:Family:
749:Family:
641:Eastern
406:Eastern
287:Eastern
246:Gray bat
198:Eastern
133:107-349
107:Family:
1502:2 March
1285:2 March
1223:2 March
1050:2 March
1024:2 March
995:2 March
878:Family:
846:â€2,000
769:<60
711:10-150
679:<25
612:92-262
564:55-309
490:Bermuda
444:20-100
428:>30
313:50-800
274:82-200
185:30-300
167:40-200
1536:22(1).
1526:51-68.
1442:69-83.
921:Borneo
801:50-60
785:2-750
743:18-97
724:Europe
695:3-23
663:20-30
628:5-150
625:Europe
596:20-50
522:40-55
498:Mexico
494:Canada
476:10-70
460:5-200
377:6-144
310:Europe
293:Canada
237:Europe
224:15-40
208:11-65
204:Canada
151:1000+
129:Canada
58:torpor
1213:(PDF)
1015:(PDF)
647:â€492
580:â€118
412:9-40
95:Range
1562:Bats
1504:2017
1353:2021
1336:2016
1287:2017
1225:2013
1094:111.
1052:2017
1026:2017
997:2017
825:U.S.
643:U.S.
502:U.S.
408:U.S.
297:â€22
289:U.S.
271:Asia
200:U.S.
125:U.S.
1466:doi
1340:doi
727:10
361:67
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