25:
374:
The most distinctive characteristic of
Chingichngish beliefs concerned the existence of a set of "Chingichngish avengers" who spied on human beings and enforced the moral code. These figures included Raven, Rattlesnake, Bear, Mountain Lion, and others. There were also ceremonial items sacred to
371:(1925) suggested that Chingichngish beliefs were a historic-period native response to cultural shock of the missions, and Raymond C. White (1963) thought that they might have arisen in response to earlier contacts with European sailors along the California coast.
159:, a tyrannical ruler of the first beings, who was poisoned by his sons. Wiyot's murder brought death into the world, and as a consequence, the male creator Night divided the first human ancestors into distinct peoples, assigning them languages and territories.
569:
Chinigchinich: A Revised and
Annotated Version of Alfred Robinson's Translation of Father Geronomi Boscana's Historical Account of the Belief, Usages, Customs and Extravagancies of the Indians of this Mission of San Juan Capistrano, Called the Acagchemem
318:, during the late 18th to early 19th centuries. Only sparse material has been collected by ethnologists from the few remaining native speakers during 19th century. Chingichngish has variously been represented as a
651:
193:(Ouiot), the name of another important figure, the primeval tyrant killed just before the appearance of Chinigchinix. Ouiamot is possibly to be taken as Ouiamot the childhood name of Chinigchinix.
644:
334:
637:
660:
922:
846:
814:
553:'s Historical Account of the Belief, Usages, Customs and Extravagancies of the Indians of This Mission of San Juan Capistrano Called the Acagchemem Tribe (1846).
711:
871:
798:
493:
876:
485:
393:) was ingested, but elements of these ceremonies were much more widely shared than were belief in the specific character of Chingichngish.
927:
383:
trays. Chingichngish beliefs were associated with the initiation ceremonies for adolescent boys, during which the hallucinogenic plant
856:
723:
701:
556:
760:
717:
686:
459:
431:
68:
46:
765:
354:
367:(Boscana 1933) thought that Chingichngish might have been a historical figure, but most scholars have interpreted him as a deity.
749:
706:
691:
754:
744:
681:
676:
671:
835:
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315:
891:
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338:
268:
Given the general quality of
Harrington's work, this might be expected to be the most accurate as well, approximately
577:
A New
Original Version of Boscana's Historical Account of the San Juan Capistrano Indians of Southern California
358:
39:
33:
598:
364:
357:
in general, or certain portions of it, or a set of some more widely shared traits, as a
Chingichngish cult (
258:
167:
50:
937:
477:
216:
629:
346:
121:
156:
582:
DuBois, Constance
Goddard. 1908. "The Religion of the Luiseño Indians of Southern California.
489:
455:
427:
376:
368:
314:
The Takic beliefs are known only fragmentarily, as these peoples were
Christianized early, by
246:
129:
579:. Edited by John P. Harrington. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 92(4). Washington, D.C.
482:
Reassessing revitalization movements: perspectives from North
America and the Pacific Islands
353:(1846), who gave it "Chinigchinich" as a title. Some subsequent scholars have characterized
609:
550:
424:
City of
Inmates: Conquest, Rebellion, and the Rise of Human Caging in Los Angeles, 1771–1965
402:
280:
237:
932:
385:
220:
125:
117:
208:. Quaoar's parents were Tacu and Auzar, or, according to other accounts, he was born of
572:. Extensively annotated by John P. Harrington. Fine Arts Press, Santa Ana, California.
916:
319:
212:(Mother Earth). According to yet other accounts, "He had neither father nor mother".
137:
323:
174:
163:
223:
are recorded only fragmentarily. As a consequence, the pronunciation of the name
349:
in the 1820s. One version of
Boscana's manuscript was subsequently published by
171:
507:
342:
145:
380:
326:
or lawgiver figure or a "prophet", who became associated with the figure of
201:
624:
University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology
584:
University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology
333:
This character was first mentioned in a description of the beliefs of the
270:
327:
231:, suggesting that it was trisyllabic. But the Spanish transcribed it
633:
18:
292:
227:
is not known with certainty. Hugo Reid (1852) recorded it as
155:
Chinigchinix was born, or first appeared, after the death of
298:
265:, in interpreting an 1846 translation of a Spanish text.
622:
White, Raymond C. 1963. "Luiseño Social Organization".
295:
289:
286:
283:
204:in his 1852 description of Tongva, in the spelling
545:Chinigchinich: A Revised and Annotated Version of
661:Traditional narratives of Indigenous Californians
606:Chinigchinix: An Indigenous California Religion
452:Chinigchinix: An Indigenous California Religion
645:
261:(1933) gives the most precise transcription,
177:, was discovered and named after this deity.
116:, is an important mythological figure of the
8:
473:
471:
330:after the conversion of the Takic peoples.
253:, though he notes Reid's spelling as well:
652:
638:
630:
90:Chinigchinix, Chinigchinich, Changitchnish
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
32:This article includes a list of general
923:Native American mythology of California
414:
269:
104:, etc.) and by other names including
591:Handbook of the Indians of California
532:Handbook of the Indians of California
236:
7:
714:(Lassik, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Wailaki)
486:American Anthropological Association
445:
443:
361:1908; Kroeber 1925; Moriarty 1969).
16:Mission Indians mythological figure
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
128:peoples, today divided into the
543:Harrington, John Peabody. 1933.
454:. Southwest Museum. p. 13.
279:
241:, reflecting the Spanish use of
23:
619:. Wiley & Putnam, New York.
604:Moriarty, James R., III. 1969.
450:Moriarty, James Robert (1969).
426:. UNC Press Books. p. 42.
422:Hernández, Kelly Lytle (2017).
795:(Monache, Owens Valley Paiute)
1:
506:Williams, Matt (2015-08-27).
337:who were associated with the
595:Bureau of American Ethnology
488:, U of Nebraska Press, 2004
235:, suggesting two syllables (
341:in accounts written by the
339:Mission San Juan Capistrano
954:
928:California Mission Indians
667:
575:Boscana, Jerónimo. 1934.
567:Boscana, Jerónimo. 1933.
549:'s Translation of Father
508:"The Dwarf Planet Quaoar"
375:Chingichngish, including
189:is ostensibly similar to
142:Gabrieliño and Fernandeño
615:Robinson, Alfred. 1846.
274:, with three syllables.
757:(Diegueño, Ipai, Tipai)
599:Smithsonian Institution
530:Kroeber, Alfred. 1925.
389:(Toloache, Jimsonweed,
365:John Peabody Harrington
92:, etc.), also known as
53:more precise citations.
306:, with two syllables.
200:was first recorded by
168:trans-Neptunian object
843:(Konomihu, Okwanuchu)
712:Eel River Athapaskans
589:Kroeber, A. L. 1925.
478:Michael Eugene Harkin
255:Kwawar (" Qua-o-ar ")
316:Spanish missionaries
586:8:69-186. Berkeley.
271:[ˈkʷaʔuwar]
122:Southern California
731:(Chilula, Whilkut)
617:Life in California
601:, Washington, D.C.
910:
909:
597:Bulletin No. 78.
494:978-0-8032-2406-3
369:Alfred L. Kroeber
277:In English it is
249:(1925) spells it
238:[ˈkwawaɾ]
79:
78:
71:
945:
872:Western Shoshone
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626:48(2). Berkeley.
610:Southwest Museum
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86:Chengiichngech
84:(also spelled
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130:Payómkawichum
127:
124:, a group of
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82:Chingichngish
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938:50000 Quaoar
847:Sierra Miwok
815:Plains Miwok
778:(Bear River)
623:
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605:
590:
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568:
555:Hanna, ed. (
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515:. Retrieved
511:
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324:culture hero
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175:dwarf planet
164:50000 Quaoar
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59:October 2016
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857:Tubatulabal
806:(Costanoan)
724:Halchidhoma
702:Coast Miwok
345:missionary
152:) peoples.
120:of coastal
51:introducing
917:Categories
761:Lake Miwok
718:Gabrielino
687:Chemehuevi
534:, Volume 2
517:2021-12-02
409:References
343:Franciscan
259:Harrington
210:Tamaayawut
166:, a large
146:Acjachemem
34:references
784:(Klamath)
750:Kitanemuk
692:Chimariko
381:winnowing
215:Both the
202:Hugo Reid
196:The name
185:The name
755:Kumeyaay
745:Kawaiisu
720:(Tongva)
682:Cahuilla
677:Atsugewi
672:Achomawi
496:, p. 15.
397:See also
229:Qua-o-ar
221:language
206:Qua-o-ar
98:Qua-o-ar
836:Serrano
831:Salinan
825:Quechan
776:Mattole
766:Luiseño
697:Chumash
377:mortars
310:History
247:Kroeber
245:for ).
233:Quaguar
187:Ouiamot
150:Juaneño
144:), and
134:Luiseño
106:Ouiamot
47:improve
933:Tongva
892:Yokuts
867:Washoe
852:Tolowa
841:Shasta
827:(Yuma)
810:Patwin
804:Ohlone
788:Mohave
707:Cupeño
557:online
492:
458:
430:
386:Datura
359:DuBois
328:Christ
251:Kwawar
225:Quaoar
198:Quaoar
172:ringed
138:Tongva
102:Kwawar
96:(also
94:Quaoar
36:, but
902:Yurok
882:Wiyot
862:Wappo
782:Modoc
771:Maidu
735:Karuk
570:Tribe
191:Wiyot
181:Names
157:Wiyot
110:Tobet
897:Yuki
887:Yana
820:Pomo
793:Mono
740:Kato
729:Hupa
490:ISBN
456:ISBN
428:ISBN
379:and
322:, a
219:and
170:and
114:Saor
112:and
484:,
299:ɑːr
257:.
136:),
108:,
919::
608:.
593:.
510:.
480:,
470:^
442:^
293:ɑː
243:gu
100:,
88:,
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646:t
639:v
559:)
520:.
464:.
436:.
302:/
296:w
290:w
287:k
284:ˈ
281:/
148:(
140:(
132:(
72:)
66:(
61:)
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43:.
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