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courts into magistrates' courts. It also provided for a new system of
Traditional Courts but legislation for this was not introduced until 2011. The 2011 legislation provided for two levels of customary law courts: several Local Courts were established in each of Malawi's 27 districts, mainly in rural areas, and one District Appeals Local Court in each district (to hear appeals from the Local Courts). Further appeals may be made to the High Court, to which both types of Local Courts are subordinate. Each Local Court and District Appeals Local Court was headed by a chairperson, who need not be a lawyer, but with a reasonable standard of education, proficiency in English and an adequate knowledge of the customary law and language of the area that the court serves.
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authoritarian, restrictive and punitive version of customary law, in line with the views of Banda. The majority of the judges were chiefs without legal training, appointed by and liable to dismissal by Banda, without any judicial independence. Defendants were not allowed lawyers to plead their cases and had no automatic rights either to call witnesses or to appeal (these were at the discretion of the courts and the
Minister of Justice). They were not given a summary of the charges against them before the trial, so they could not prepare a defence.
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matrimonial issues, inheritance and access to land based on traditional customary law. These courts also heard minor criminal cases specified in the Malawi Penal Code, using an expedited procedure. These were subordinate to the High Court, and subject to legislation giving the guarantee of a fair trial, including the right to legal representation and the right to appeal to the High Court.
538:. Malawian judiciary has frequently demonstrated its independence in recent years. The Constitutional Court of Malawi nullified the 2019 election results, citing widespread irregularities. The Supreme Court upheld the verdict of the Constitutional Court. Five Constitutional Court judges who overturned the results of the 2019 election have been nominated by the UK thinktank
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One subordinate court is the
Industrial Relations Court with jurisdiction over employment issues. Cases before it are heard informally, and with some restrictions on legal representation, by a panel consisting of a chairperson and one representative each of employers and employees. Other subordinate
570:
The High Court of Malawi has unlimited original jurisdiction to hear and determine any civil or criminal proceedings. It has a
General Division which may also hear appeals from subordinate courts, and a Commercial Division, dealing with commercial or business cases. Most High Court cases are heard
635:
was transformed. Three regional traditional courts and a
National Traditional Court of Appeal were created above the existing network of lower-level traditional courts, and given jurisdiction over virtually all criminal trials, including murder and treason, involving Africans of Malawian descent,
667:
In
October 1993 the three regional traditional courts and the National Traditional Appeal Court were suspended indefinitely. A new Constitution came into force on 18 May 1994, with recognition of customary law as an integral part of the legal system, and the conversion of many lower traditional
588:
During colonial rule, the hierarchy of courts began with magistrates' courts in the towns, rising to a High Court and finally a
Supreme Court of Appeal. In addition, mainly in rural areas, there were several levels of local courts with varying powers to hear disputes such as divorces and other
558:. It is composed of the Chief Justice and Justices of Appeal. A sitting of the Supreme Court was presided by 3 Justices of Appeal which would at times include the Chief Justice except in Constitutional matters where five Justices of Appeal had to preside. From 2018, the Chief Justice issued a
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cases outside customary law. Although these courts retained their criminal jurisdiction, in practice the vast majority of criminal cases were heard in the traditional courts. The traditional courts were supposed to operate in accordance with
African law and custom, although they applied an
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using "customary" rules of evidence and procedure. Appeals were directed to a
National Traditional Court of Appeal rather than the Malawi High Court, as had been the case before 1970. The High Court and Supreme Court of Appeal remained in existence, and mainly dealt with
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courts are the magistrates' courts and local or traditional courts. These have defined criminal and civil jurisdiction depending on their level, but expressly excluding cases of treason, murder or manslaughter.
628:. Banda (who was president from 1966) suggested that the judge should resign and specifically linked traditional law to making punishment certain, claiming that lack of evidence was not proof of innocence.
534:, modified since 1969. The Constitution defines the judiciary as a hierarchical system of courts, with the highest court being a Supreme Court of Appeal, together with a High Court and a number of
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The traditional courts gained a reputation for corruption and for prosecuting Banda's political opponents, for example the high-profile trials in 1976 of Albert Muwalo, Secretary
General of the
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trial caused outrage. The parliamentary reaction was hostile, and several speakers, including ministers, openly suggested that European judges and the European-style legal system had allowed
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664:. In both cases, unsubstantiated evidence was admitted to secure convictions and all four were sentenced to death on flimsy evidence, although ultimately only Muwalo was executed.
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for the 2020 Chatham House Prize. Ultimately the judges went onto win the prize.
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began to criticise such principles of English-based law as the
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which interprets and applies the laws of Malawi to ensure
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Where Silence Rules: The Suppression of Dissent in Malawi
612:. In 1969, the acquittal of five defendants in the first
989:"Neo Traditionalism and the Customary Law in Malawi"
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1090:"Improving Legal Access for Rural Malawi Villagers"
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1020:P. Brietzke (1974). "The Chilobwe Murders Trial".
864:"Chief Justice Announces Supreme Court Directions"
831:Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi
849:Chatham House – International Affairs Think Tank
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1092:. Jurist Legal News and Research Services
530:. The legal system of Malawi is based on
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
656:, who was Minister of Justice until the
889:"High Court of Malawi General Division"
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131:
1067:. Human Rights Watch. pp. 33–41.
943:. Judiciary of Malawi. Archived from
917:. Judiciary of Malawi. Archived from
891:. Judiciary of Malawi. Archived from
767:. Judiciary of Malawi. Archived from
604:, the need to establish guilt beyond
7:
1208:Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
55:adding citations to reliable sources
1193:British Central Africa Protectorate
862:Sangala, Tom (February 18, 2018).
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1908:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1678:Democratic Republic of the Congo
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1088:Megan Crouch (18 August 2011).
526:and to provide a mechanism for
42:needs additional citations for
1114:. South Africa, Limited. 1970.
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915:"Industrial Relations Court"
741:Traditional Courts in Malawi
709:2003–2007: Leonard E. Unyolo
388:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
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357:Administrative divisions
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524:equal justice under law
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1683:Republic of the Congo
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765:"Structure of Courts"
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518:is the branch of the
239:Catherine Gotani Hara
66:"Judiciary of Malawi"
2012:Government of Malawi
1306:World Heritage Sites
723:Andrew K.C. Nyirenda
520:Government of Malawi
132:Part of a series on
51:improve this article
2007:Judiciary of Malawi
1898:States with limited
987:M. Chanock (1976).
851:. October 26, 2020.
797:. February 3, 2020.
536:magistrates' courts
516:Judiciary of Malawi
1384:Traditional Courts
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1203:Chilembwe uprising
1063:R. Carver (1990).
947:on 29 October 2013
921:on 29 October 2013
895:on 29 October 2013
771:on 29 October 2013
746:Politics of Malawi
691:James John Skinner
633:traditional courts
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107:December 2013
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68: –
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62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
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40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
1973:Saint Helena
1944:
1848:South Africa
1838:Sierra Leone
1772:
1643:Burkina Faso
1489:Demographics
1479:Coat of arms
1415:Central bank
1352:Human rights
1346:
1106:
1094:. Retrieved
1083:
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1021:
1000:. Retrieved
995:
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945:the original
935:
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919:the original
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893:the original
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871:. Retrieved
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795:the Guardian
794:
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773:. Retrieved
769:the original
759:
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654:Orton Chirwa
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598:Orton Chirwa
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329:Referendums
305:
204:
165:Human rights
158:Constitution
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
1900:recognition
1853:South Sudan
1743:Ivory Coast
1410:Agriculture
1281:Lake Malawi
1096:22 December
1002:22 December
951:22 December
925:22 December
899:22 December
775:22 December
715:2013–2015:
698:1992–2002:
689:1970–1985:
685:Philip Pike
662:Vera Chirwa
650:Focus Gwede
622:Aleke Banda
532:English law
428:Visa policy
396:Nancy Tembo
224:Legislature
2001:Categories
1955:(Portugal)
1913:Somaliland
1833:Seychelles
1798:Mozambique
1783:Mauritania
1768:Madagascar
1723:The Gambia
1658:Cape Verde
1422:(currency)
1271:Ecoregions
873:August 28,
752:References
721:2015–2021
566:High Court
177:Government
77:newspapers
1788:Mauritius
1499:Education
1443:Transport
1379:President
1347:Judiciary
1337:Elections
1266:Districts
1244:Geography
1198:Nyasaland
1050:143353723
638:civil law
410:in Malawi
369:Districts
254:Elections
183:President
1979: /
1975: /
1968:(France)
1962: /
1940: /
1936: /
1888:Zimbabwe
1863:Tanzania
1713:Ethiopia
1708:Eswatini
1688:Djibouti
1653:Cameroon
1638:Botswana
1564:Category
1524:Religion
1469:Abortion
1364:Military
1320:Politics
1301:Wildlife
1172:articles
735:See also
418:Passport
392:Minister
260:General
1964:Réunion
1960:Mayotte
1951:Madeira
1946:(Spain)
1942:Melilla
1873:Tunisia
1843:Somalia
1828:Senegal
1813:Nigeria
1803:Namibia
1793:Morocco
1758:Liberia
1753:Lesotho
1703:Eritrea
1673:Comoros
1648:Burundi
1623:Algeria
1548:Outline
1484:Culture
1457:Society
1438:Tourism
1420:Kwacha
1398:Economy
1332:Cabinet
1291:Regions
1276:Islands
1261:Climate
1180:History
813:AP NEWS
706:, 2007)
702:(later
677:1964–?
584:History
364:Regions
235:Speaker
212:Cabinet
91:scholar
1983:
1966:
1953:
1883:Zambia
1878:Uganda
1818:Rwanda
1773:Malawi
1733:Guinea
1628:Angola
1569:Portal
1529:Sports
1509:Health
1474:Anthem
1296:Rivers
1188:Maravi
1170:
1168:Malawi
1071:
1048:
1042:523638
1040:
727:2021-
451:Anthem
205:Vacant
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
1938:Ceuta
1858:Sudan
1808:Niger
1763:Libya
1748:Kenya
1728:Ghana
1718:Gabon
1693:Egypt
1633:Benin
1555:Index
1519:Music
1514:Media
1046:S2CID
1038:JSTOR
992:(PDF)
98:JSTOR
84:books
1868:Togo
1778:Mali
1668:Chad
1504:Flag
1357:LGBT
1098:2013
1069:ISBN
1004:2013
953:2013
927:2013
901:2013
875:2022
777:2013
648:and
550:The
514:The
446:Flag
335:1993
321:2020
306:2025
302:2019
299:2014
296:2009
293:2004
290:1999
287:1994
284:1992
281:1987
278:1983
275:1978
272:1976
269:1971
266:1964
187:list
70:news
1030:doi
53:by
2003::
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