80:, the Women's Bar Association of Japan and the Christian Women's Temperance Union all "independently declared their opposition to nuclear armaments." Chifuren fought for environmental changes and fought against pollution in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
58:, meaning "good wife, wise mother." Millions of women joined the group, united under the ideas of improving women's lives, reforming both home and society and creating social welfare.
385:
298:
201:
172:
69:. In 1955, Chifuren and the Housewives Association founded the New Life Campaign Association, which was seen by Yamataka as a "movement by and for women."
395:
390:
380:
217:
184:
140:
77:
348:
327:
308:
287:
50:
became involved in
Chifuren in 1952, when Chifuren was formed. Yamataka had previously been involved with women's groups or
65:
and Civil Code of 1948 that would put women, their real property and their families under legal control of a family
205:
277:
130:
62:
39:. Chifuren works on a regional scope on a variety of social and political issues facing women in Japan.
54:
which helped make up part of
Chifuren. The activist tradition of Chifuren was based on the idea of
344:
323:
304:
283:
213:
180:
136:
338:
47:
35:. Chifuren is an umbrella organization of women's groups and the local women's groups or
374:
66:
210:
Modern Japan: An
Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Nationalism
32:
73:
340:
Grassroots
Pacifism in Post-war Japan: The Rebirth of a Nation
364:
31:) is one of the largest women's organizations operating in
154:
152:
100:
98:
231:
229:
25:
National
Federation of Regional Women's Organizations
300:Molding Japanese Minds: The State in Everyday Life
129:Boles, Janet K. & Diane Long Hoeveler (2004).
21:National League of Regional Women's Organizations
279:Women of Japan and Korea: Continuity and Change
29:Zen Nihon chiiki fujin dantai renraku kyĹŤgikai
8:
72:During the 1960s, Chifuren, along with the
247:
158:
116:
104:
276:Gelb, Joyce; Palley, Marian Lief (1994).
177:Routledge Handbook of Japanese Politics
94:
259:
235:
7:
386:Women's organizations based in Japan
135:. Scarecrow Press. pp. 313–4.
320:Consumer Politics in Postwar Japan
61:Chifuren opposed revisions to the
14:
396:Organizations established in 1952
132:Historical Dictionary of Feminism
318:Maclachlan, Patricia L. (2002).
78:Japanese League of Women Voters
303:. Princeton University Press.
1:
322:. Columbia University Press.
391:Women's rights organizations
381:1952 establishments in Japan
282:. Temple University Press.
200:Hastings, Sally A. (1997).
412:
212:. Routledge. p. 287.
179:. Routledge. p. 176.
337:Yamamoto, Mari (2004).
297:Garon, Sheldon (1997).
173:"The women's movements"
171:Shin, Ki-young (2011).
248:Gelb & Palley 1994
63:postwar Constitution
343:. RoutledgeCurzon.
202:"Women's Movements"
206:Huffman, James L.
403:
354:
333:
314:
293:
263:
257:
251:
245:
239:
233:
224:
223:
197:
191:
190:
168:
162:
156:
147:
146:
126:
120:
114:
108:
102:
48:Shigeri Yamataka
411:
410:
406:
405:
404:
402:
401:
400:
371:
370:
361:
351:
336:
330:
317:
311:
296:
290:
275:
272:
267:
266:
258:
254:
246:
242:
234:
227:
220:
199:
198:
194:
187:
170:
169:
165:
159:Maclachlan 2002
157:
150:
143:
128:
127:
123:
117:Maclachlan 2002
115:
111:
105:Maclachlan 2002
103:
96:
91:
86:
45:
12:
11:
5:
409:
407:
399:
398:
393:
388:
383:
373:
372:
369:
368:
360:
359:External links
357:
356:
355:
349:
334:
328:
315:
309:
294:
288:
271:
268:
265:
264:
262:, p. 192.
252:
250:, p. 168.
240:
238:, p. 190.
225:
218:
192:
185:
163:
148:
141:
121:
109:
93:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
44:
41:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
408:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
378:
376:
367:(in Japanese)
366:
363:
362:
358:
352:
346:
342:
341:
335:
331:
325:
321:
316:
312:
306:
302:
301:
295:
291:
285:
281:
280:
274:
273:
269:
261:
256:
253:
249:
244:
241:
237:
232:
230:
226:
221:
219:9780815325253
215:
211:
207:
203:
196:
193:
188:
186:9781136818387
182:
178:
174:
167:
164:
161:, p. 66.
160:
155:
153:
149:
144:
142:9780810849464
138:
134:
133:
125:
122:
119:, p. 67.
118:
113:
110:
107:, p. 63.
106:
101:
99:
95:
88:
83:
81:
79:
75:
70:
68:
64:
59:
57:
53:
49:
42:
40:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
339:
319:
299:
278:
255:
243:
209:
195:
176:
166:
131:
124:
112:
71:
60:
56:ryĹŤsai kenbo
55:
51:
46:
36:
28:
24:
20:
16:
15:
375:Categories
350:0203421000
329:0231123469
310:0691044880
289:1566392233
260:Garon 1997
236:Garon 1997
84:References
89:Citations
67:patriarch
52:fujinakai
37:fujinakai
365:Web site
17:Chifuren
270:Sources
208:(ed.).
43:History
347:
326:
307:
286:
216:
183:
139:
19:(also
204:. In
33:Japan
345:ISBN
324:ISBN
305:ISBN
284:ISBN
214:ISBN
181:ISBN
137:ISBN
74:YWCA
23:or
377::
228:^
175:.
151:^
97:^
76:,
27:,
353:.
332:.
313:.
292:.
222:.
189:.
145:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.