762:
678:
642:
690:
666:
654:
714:
630:
738:
750:
702:
726:
1268:(choice; Fig. 3A) both have low cardenolide levels recorded in the literature (Roeske et al. 1976, Agrawal et al. 2009, 2015, Rasmann and Agrawal 2011), .... Females may be able to sense these chemical differences by dabbing their ovipositor on the underside of a leaf prior to oviposition (Zalucki et al. , Arikawa ). Additionally, A. tuberosa has a layer of trichomes, which may inhibit oviposition or decrease a female's ability to sense leaf chemicals.
86:
44:
559:
about two to three years to reach flowering size in average conditions. The seeds do not require stratification and can be immediately planted, though in commercial growing they are generally moist stratified at 5 °C for 30–60 days because this increases the germination rate. For other milkweeds a thin layer of mulch a layer 1–2 cm thick increases the germination rate, though specific research on butterfly weed is lacking.
774:
2309:
63:
2295:
2018:
Milkweed species, as a group, are known to contain cardiac glycosides that are poisonous both to humans and to livestock, as well as other substances that may account for their medicinal effect. Resinoids, glycosides, and a small amount of alkaloids are present in all parts of the plant. Symptoms of
558:
Butterfly weed is frequently grown in gardens for its showy orange flowers which are especially attractive to bees, though also visited by hummingbirds, moths, and butterflies. It is easily grown from seeds and is difficult to transplant due to the size of its roots. Grown from seed plants will take
1333:
I've grown butterfly weed, swamp milkweed, Asclepias currassavica (bloodflower), Asclepias syriaca (common milkweed), and
Asclepias verticillata (whorled milkweed). I've found that butterfly weed is the least favorite of my Monarch guests in my Virginia Beach garden for laying eggs (perhaps the
467:
Common names include butterfly weed, Canada root, chieger flower, chiggerflower, fluxroot, Indian paintbrush, Indian posy, orange milkweed, orange root, orange
Swallow-wort, pleurisy root, silky swallow-wort, tuber root, yellow milkweed, white-root, windroot, butterfly love, butterflyweed, and
507:
Most easily propagated by seed. The primary pollinators are bees and wasps, rather than butterflies. Sown outdoors after frost, a plant will flower and produce seed in the third year. It is difficult to transplant once established, as it has a deep, woody taproot.
1857:
Many sources of milkweed seeds require stratification (cold, moist treatment) before sowing. .... Butterfly milkweed (A. tuberosa) germination increased from 29 to 48 to 62% as stratification duration increased from 0 to 30 to 60 days, respectively (Bir,
610:
Native
Americans and European pioneers used the boiled roots to treat diarrhea and respiratory illnesses. The young seed pods were used as food after being boiled in several changes of water. The seed pod down was spun and used to make candle wicks.
2053:"Warning: POISONOUS PARTS: Roots, plant sap from all parts. Not edible. Toxic only if eaten in large quantities. Symptoms include vomiting, stupor, weakness, spasms. Toxic Principle: Resinoid, cardiac glycoside"
1368:
And if you have hot, dry conditions in your yard, try
Butterflyweed (A. tuberosa). .... It's the least favored by Monarch caterpillars because it has very little toxin (cardiac glycosides) in its leaves.
2019:
poisoning by the cardiac glycosides include dullness, weakness, bloating, inability to stand or walk, high body temperature, rapid and weak pulse, difficulty breathing, dilated pupils, spasms, and coma.
2828:
2341:
713:
396: in) wide appear. They each have five petals and five sepals. It is uncertain if reddish flowers are due to soil mineral content, ecotype genetic differentiation, or both. A
1281:
2077:
1672:
550:
content, making it a poor source of protection from bird predation and parasite virulence and perhaps contributing to its lack of attractiveness to egg-laying monarchs.
562:
Butterfly weed has few serious pest or disease problems. It is susceptible to crown rot if planted in poorly drained or too constantly moist locations. It is hardy in
629:
417:), but is uniquely identified by the larger number of flowers, and the hairy stems that are not milky when broken. It is most commonly found in fields with dry soil.
677:
2838:
2559:
1411:
954:
Milkweed species are attractive to many insect species, including the large milkweed bug, common milkweed bug, red milkweed beetle, blue milkweed beetle, and bees.
1438:
Unlike other milkweeds, this plant has a clear sap, and the level of toxic cardiac glycosides is consistently low (although other toxic compounds may be present).
641:
2621:
1115:
689:
665:
2813:
1646:"Asclepias tuberosa (Butterfly Milkweed, Butterfly Weed, Chieger Flower, Chiggerflower, Common Butterfly-weed, Indian Paintbrush, Milkweed, Pleurisy Root)"
896:
804:
1628:(choice; Fig. 3A) both have low cardenolide levels recorded in the literature (Roeske et al. 1976, Agrawal et al. 2009, 2015, Rasmann and Agrawal 2011)
761:
1574:
spp. together with pregnane glycosides, we could find no cardenolides in the more hydrophobic fraction of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of
1375:
542:, it is not a preferred host plant of the monarch butterfly but caterpillars can be reared on it successfully. Further, it is one of the very lowest
2507:
1751:
1347:
1833:
737:
653:
2818:
2572:
2520:
1994:
1848:
1093:
1084:
930:
888:
852:
1154:
Dickinson, T.; Metsger, D.; Bull, J.; & Dickinson, R. (2004) ROM Field Guide to
Wildflowers of Ontario. Toronto:Royal Ontario Museum, p. 138.
2002:
938:
860:
2693:
1998:
934:
856:
2324:
2277:
1888:
1042:
2833:
2176:
1535:
2793:
2055:
2044:
1289:
749:
725:
2823:
1197:
1181:
979:
1320:
701:
2546:
70:
2333:
1720:
2803:
2600:
1404:) is the least favored by monarch caterpillars .... because it has very little toxin (cardiac glycosides) in its leaves, ....
2672:
2577:
2048:
1597:
1237:
1089:
2299:
1852:
1422:
892:
1673:"Colonization and usage of eight milkweed (Asclepias) species by monarch butterflies and bees in urban garden settings"
2719:
2419:
1584:
Pocius, Victoria M.; Debinski, Diane M.; Pleasants, John M.; Bidne, Keith G.; Hellmich, Richard L. (January 8, 2018).
1224:
Pocius, Victoria M.; Debinski, Diane M.; Pleasants, John M.; Bidne, Keith G.; Hellmich, Richard L. (January 8, 2018).
1130:
2706:
2626:
2103:
1923:
1586:"Monarch butterflies do not place all of their eggs in one basket: oviposition on nine Midwestern milkweed species"
1462:
1226:"Monarch butterflies do not place all of their eggs in one basket: oviposition on nine Midwestern milkweed species"
971:
967:
961:
809:
85:
1057:
2595:
499:
This plant favors dry, sand or gravel soil, but has also been reported on stream margins. It requires full sun.
2808:
2269:
1418:
880:
2711:
2499:
2390:
2313:
2494:
2434:
2352:
1383:
1355:
1818:
963:
Attracting Native
Pollinators: Protecting North America's Bees and Butterflies: The Xerces Society guide
531:
202:
2167:
1526:
2525:
1075:
837:
BONAP’s
Taxonomic Data Center (TDC): The Biota of North America Program: North American Vascular Flora
2636:
2468:
1987:
1601:
1241:
923:
845:
583:
413:
1192:
Druse, Ken 'Making More Plants The
Science, Art, and Joy of Propagation' Abrams. New York, NY. 2012
2657:
2321:
1880:
523:
52:
2613:
2798:
2765:
2460:
1692:
819:
527:
226:
80:
2757:
2698:
2662:
400:
named 'Hello Yellow' typically has more yellowish flowers than ordinary examples of this plant.
2564:
1032:
2644:
2442:
2273:
2227:
2195:
2127:
2071:
1947:
1894:
1884:
1554:
1486:
1395:
1193:
1177:
1176:
Loewer, Peter 'Native
Perennials For the Southeast' Cool Springs Press. Nashville, Tenn. 2005
1038:
993:
985:
975:
535:
519:
43:
1781:
Lewis, Mary; Chappell, Matthew; Thomas, Paul A; Zhang, Donglin; Greyvenstein, Ockert (2020).
960:
Mader, Eric; Shepherd, Mathew; Vaughan, Mace; Black, Scott
Hoffman; LeBuhn, Gretchen (2011).
2649:
2257:
2185:
2117:
2107:
2036:
1937:
1927:
1794:
1684:
1609:
1544:
1476:
1466:
1249:
1008:
1209:
Schillo, Rebecca (2011). Cummings, Nina (ed.). "Native Landscaping Takes Root in Chicago".
1163:
Fishbein, M., and D.L. Venable. 1996. Diversity and change in the effective pollinators of
2328:
2086:
Mikkelsen, Lauge Hjorth; Hamoudi, Hassan; Altuntas Gül, Cigdem; Heegaard, Steffen (2017).
1906:
Mikkelsen, Lauge Hjorth; Hamoudi, Hassan; Altuntas Gül, Cigdem; Heegaard, Steffen (2017).
1445:
Mikkelsen, Lauge Hjorth; Hamoudi, Hassan; Altuntas Gül, Cigdem; Heegaard, Steffen (2017).
591:
310:
123:
1645:
2685:
2401:
2144:
family due to the fact that even though cardenolides are normally considered present in
1964:
family due to the fact that even though cardenolides are normally considered present in
1605:
1503:
family due to the fact that even though cardenolides are normally considered present in
1316:
1245:
795:
2680:
2122:
2087:
1942:
1907:
1481:
1446:
813:
773:
563:
403:
The fruit pod is 7.5–15 cm (3–6 in) long, containing many long-haired seeds.
110:
2787:
2262:
1696:
290:
218:
386:, 7.5 cm (3 in)–wide umbels of orange, yellow or red flowers 1.5 cm (
2770:
2424:
477:
2447:
2342:
Photo of a J.J. Audubon Plate Clay-Colored Sparrow perched atop Asclepias tuberosa
1034:
National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region
2724:
2747:
2608:
2587:
2533:
2384:
2112:
1932:
1471:
547:
515:
169:
159:
2308:
2411:
1688:
1302:
Rough leaves for monarch caterpillars, not typically a heavily used host plant
17:
2375:
1898:
997:
2481:
2264:
A Field Guide to Wildflowers of Northeastern and North-central North America
599:
595:
575:
327: ft) tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, lanceolate, 3–12 cm (
294:
179:
2199:
2131:
1951:
1558:
1490:
297:
that are attracted to the plant by its color and its copious production of
2737:
2294:
1876:
Edible Wild Plants: A North American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods
1874:
2732:
2369:
2168:"8,12;8,20-Diepoxy-8,14-secopregnane Glycosides from the Aerial Parts of
2153:
2056:"Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - the University of Texas at Austin"
1973:
1783:"Development of a vegetative propagation protocol for Asclepias tuberosa"
1527:"8,12;8,20-Diepoxy-8,14-secopregnane Glycosides from the Aerial Parts of
1512:
615:
579:
539:
397:
286:
149:
136:
1799:
1782:
1570:
Though cardenolides are considered to be characteristic constituents of
2512:
2455:
2190:
1549:
493:
1819:"Propagating Native Milkweeds for Restoring Monarch Butterfly Habitat"
1614:
1585:
1254:
1225:
2538:
1826:
International Plant Propagators' Society, Combined Proceedings (2014)
587:
485:
298:
2346:
2486:
989:
481:
383:
97:
2551:
489:
2473:
2350:
719:
Closeup showing unopened, opening, and fully opened flower buds
598:
or with infants due to its toxins, which include resinoids and
1421:: Becker Soil and Water Conservation District. Archived from
1988:"Plant guide for Butterfly Milkweed: Asclepias tuberosa L."
924:"Plant guide for Butterfly Milkweed: Asclepias tuberosa L."
846:"Plant guide for Butterfly Milkweed: Asclepias tuberosa L."
1282:"Asclepias Tuberosa: Butterfly Weed for Monarchs and More"
832:
293:. It is commonly known as butterfly weed because of the
1352:
Alonso Abugattas Shares Native Plant Picks for Wildlife
2166:
Warashina, Tsutomu; Noro, Tadataka (February 2010).
1525:
Warashina, Tsutomu; Noro, Tadataka (February 2010).
411:
The plant looks similar to the lanceolate milkweed (
2829:
Plants used in traditional Native American medicine
2359:
2148:species, these cardenolides have not been found in
1968:species, these cardenolides have not been found in
1620:In our study, the least preferred milkweed species
1507:species, these cardenolides have not been found in
1260:In our study, the least preferred milkweed species
2261:
1715:
1713:
1671:Baker, Adam M.; Potter, Daniel A. (August 2018).
2140:seems to be different from other members of the
2076:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2058:. Archived from the original on February 5, 2020
1960:seems to be different from other members of the
1499:seems to be different from other members of the
2184:(2). Pharmaceutical Society of Japan: 172–179.
1817:Landis, Thomas D.; Dumroese, R. Kasten (2015).
1650:North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox
1543:(2). Pharmaceutical Society of Japan: 172–179.
1812:
1810:
1640:
1638:
1636:
818:Note that this website has been superseded by
2322:Butterfly weed brief information and pictures
1873:Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) .
1354:. Mid-Atlantic Gardener. 2016. Archived from
448:– Rolfs milkweed (Southeastern United States)
438:– (Central United States, Ontario and Quebec)
8:
1123:Wild Ones: Native Plants, Natural Landscapes
916:
914:
881:"Butterfly Milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa L.)"
496:, as well as many other areas further east.
2347:
1060:on VASCAN. Retrieved on February 21, 2018.
805:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
635:Entire plant from the ground to the flower
61:
42:
31:
2189:
2121:
2111:
1941:
1931:
1798:
1613:
1548:
1480:
1470:
1253:
1037:(rev ed.). Knopf. pp. 349–350.
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
586:. These can cause weakness, seizures and
2088:"Corneal Toxicity Following Exposure to
1908:"Corneal Toxicity Following Exposure to
1447:"Corneal Toxicity Following Exposure to
1995:United States Department of Agriculture
1849:United States Department of Agriculture
1116:"Featured Native Plant: Butterfly Weed"
1094:United States Department of Agriculture
1085:Germplasm Resources Information Network
931:United States Department of Agriculture
889:United States Department of Agriculture
853:United States Department of Agriculture
787:
625:
2839:Plants used in Native American cuisine
2069:
1999:Natural Resources Conservation Service
1729:Missouri Botanical Garden Plant Finder
1315:Butterfly Society of Virginia (2019).
1070:
1068:
1066:
935:Natural Resources Conservation Service
857:Natural Resources Conservation Service
382:From April to September, in the upper
2228:"Butterfly Weed (Asclepias tuberosa)"
2222:
2220:
2218:
1374:Abugattas, Alonzo (January 3, 2017).
7:
2637:c4486848-64ad-4307-950c-23dac76c0c10
2177:Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
1536:Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
1412:"Butterfly Weed: Asclepias tuberosa"
2045:Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center
1598:Ecological Society of America (ESA)
1348:"Milkweeds (mostly Asclepias spp.)"
1238:Ecological Society of America (ESA)
899:from the original on March 27, 2021
289:native to eastern and southwestern
2814:Flora of the Eastern United States
1839:from the original on March 8, 2021
1323:from the original on June 24, 2019
538:. Because of its rough leaves and
25:
2008:from the original on July 9, 2021
1652:. North Carolina State University
944:from the original on July 9, 2021
866:from the original on July 9, 2021
355: in) long, and 2–3 cm (
2307:
2293:
772:
760:
748:
736:
724:
712:
700:
688:
676:
664:
652:
640:
628:
614:The root was once used to treat
84:
2712:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:94704-1
1750:Swengel, Ann B. (August 1995).
2819:Garden plants of North America
2096:The Open Ophthalmology Journal
2001:: National Plant Data Center.
1916:The Open Ophthalmology Journal
1677:Journal of Insect Conservation
1455:The Open Ophthalmology Journal
1031:Spellenberg, Richard (2001) .
937:: National Plant Data Center.
859:: National Plant Data Center.
590:injuries. Use of the plant is
476:The species can be found from
1:
2049:University of Texas at Austin
1090:Agricultural Research Service
1853:United States Forest Service
893:United States Forest Service
2834:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2113:10.2174/1874364101711010001
1933:10.2174/1874364101711010001
1731:. Missouri Botanical Garden
1472:10.2174/1874364101711010001
313:growing to 0.3–1 m (1–
2855:
2794:NatureServe secure species
2104:Bentham Science Publishers
1924:Bentham Science Publishers
1463:Bentham Science Publishers
968:North Adams, Massachusetts
810:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
743:Red-striped orange flowers
683:Closeup of the hairy stems
27:Species of flowering plant
2334:Missouri Botanical Garden
1689:10.1007/s10841-018-0069-5
1578:, the same as previously.
647:Young stems during spring
574:The plant contains toxic
458:– (Eastern United States)
232:
225:
208:
201:
81:Scientific classification
79:
59:
50:
41:
34:
2824:Plants described in 1753
2270:Houghton Mifflin Company
2156:glycosides are found in
1976:glycosides are found in
1624:(no choice; Fig. 2) and
1515:glycosides are found in
1419:Becker County, Minnesota
1286:Monarch Butterfly Garden
1264:(no choice; Fig. 2) and
695:Closeup of unopened buds
472:Distribution and habitat
1213:. The Field Museum: 13.
1167:. Ecology 77:1061-1073.
671:An emerging flower head
2256:Peterson, Roger Tory;
2152:. Instead some unique
1972:. Instead some unique
1511:. Instead some unique
1376:"Monarch Way Stations"
2804:Butterfly food plants
2327:May 14, 2015, at the
2041:Native Plant Database
1787:Native Plants Journal
1752:"Stalking wild seeds"
1428:on September 11, 2020
594:in pregnancy, during
532:milkweed tussock moth
2304:at Wikimedia Commons
2037:"Asclepias tuberosa"
1334:leaves are tougher?)
468:butterfly milkweed.
414:Asclepias lanceolata
281:, commonly known as
1986:Stevens, Michelle.
1883:. pp. 267–68.
1800:10.3368/npj.21.1.27
1606:2018Ecosp...9E2064P
1246:2018Ecosp...9E2064P
1129:(4). Archived from
922:Stevens, Michelle.
844:Stevens, Michelle.
524:monarch butterflies
248:Asclepias elliptica
242:Asclepias decumbens
53:Conservation status
2663:Asclepias tuberosa
2391:Asclepias tuberosa
2361:Asclepias tuberosa
2337:Asclepias tuberosa
2315:Asclepias tuberosa
2301:Asclepias tuberosa
2191:10.1248/cpb.58.172
2170:Asclepias tuberosa
2090:Asclepias tuberosa
2032:Multiple sources:
1910:Asclepias tuberosa
1869:Multiple sources:
1723:Asclepias tuberosa
1550:10.1248/cpb.58.172
1529:Asclepias tuberosa
1449:Asclepias tuberosa
1380:Capital Naturalist
1317:"Growing Milkweed"
1292:on August 16, 2017
1165:Asclepias tuberosa
1136:on August 14, 2014
1114:anonymous (2008).
1078:Asclepias tuberosa
820:World Flora Online
798:Asclepias tuberosa
528:dogbane tiger moth
518:food plant of the
452:Asclepias tuberosa
442:Asclepias tuberosa
432:Asclepias tuberosa
285:, is a species of
278:Asclepias tuberosa
260:Asclepias revoluta
236:Acerates decumbens
212:Asclepias tuberosa
36:Asclepias tuberosa
2781:
2780:
2645:Open Tree of Life
2353:Taxon identifiers
2298:Media related to
2279:978-0-395-18325-0
1890:978-1-4027-6715-9
1615:10.1002/ecs2.2064
1358:on March 13, 2017
1255:10.1002/ecs2.2064
1044:978-0-375-40233-3
972:Storey Publishing
885:Plant of the Week
536:unexpected cycnia
526:, as well as the
379: in) broad.
274:
273:
266:Asclepias rolfsii
74:
16:(Redirected from
2846:
2774:
2773:
2761:
2760:
2751:
2750:
2741:
2740:
2728:
2727:
2715:
2714:
2702:
2701:
2689:
2688:
2676:
2675:
2666:
2665:
2653:
2652:
2640:
2639:
2630:
2629:
2617:
2616:
2604:
2603:
2591:
2590:
2581:
2580:
2568:
2567:
2555:
2554:
2542:
2541:
2529:
2528:
2516:
2515:
2503:
2502:
2490:
2489:
2477:
2476:
2464:
2463:
2451:
2450:
2438:
2437:
2428:
2427:
2415:
2414:
2405:
2404:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2348:
2312:Data related to
2311:
2297:
2283:
2267:
2258:Margaret McKenny
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2224:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2193:
2162:
2125:
2115:
2081:
2075:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2052:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2013:
2007:
1992:
1982:
1945:
1935:
1902:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1846:
1844:
1838:
1823:
1814:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1717:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1683:(3–4): 405–418.
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1642:
1631:
1630:
1617:
1580:
1567:
1565:
1552:
1521:
1484:
1474:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1427:
1416:
1406:
1393:
1391:
1382:. Archived from
1370:
1365:
1363:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1312:
1306:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1288:. Archived from
1277:
1271:
1270:
1257:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1206:
1200:
1190:
1184:
1174:
1168:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1135:
1120:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1072:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1028:
1013:
1012:
1009:Internet Archive
1006:
1004:
956:
951:
949:
943:
928:
918:
909:
908:
906:
904:
879:Stritch, Larry.
875:
873:
871:
865:
850:
840:
828:
822:
817:
792:
776:
764:
752:
740:
728:
716:
704:
692:
680:
668:
656:
644:
632:
395:
394:
390:
378:
377:
373:
370:
364:
363:
359:
354:
353:
349:
346:
340:
339:
335:
332:
326:
325:
321:
318:
256:Raf. nom. illeg.
214:
194:A. tuberosa
89:
88:
68:
65:
64:
46:
32:
21:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2809:Flora of Canada
2784:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2769:
2764:
2756:
2754:
2746:
2744:
2736:
2731:
2723:
2718:
2710:
2705:
2697:
2692:
2684:
2679:
2671:
2669:
2661:
2656:
2648:
2643:
2635:
2633:
2625:
2620:
2612:
2607:
2599:
2594:
2586:
2585:MichiganFlora:
2584:
2576:
2571:
2563:
2558:
2550:
2545:
2537:
2532:
2524:
2519:
2511:
2506:
2498:
2493:
2485:
2480:
2472:
2467:
2459:
2454:
2446:
2441:
2433:
2431:
2423:
2418:
2410:
2408:
2400:
2398:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2355:
2329:Wayback Machine
2290:
2280:
2255:
2252:
2250:Further reading
2247:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2226:
2225:
2216:
2204:
2202:
2165:
2085:
2068:
2061:
2059:
2054:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2011:
2009:
2005:
1990:
1985:
1905:
1891:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1821:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1734:
1732:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1634:
1626:A. verticillata
1583:
1581:
1563:
1561:
1524:
1522:
1444:
1442:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1389:
1387:
1386:on June 5, 2017
1373:
1371:
1361:
1359:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1326:
1324:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1295:
1293:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1266:A. verticillata
1223:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1191:
1187:
1175:
1171:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1098:
1096:
1074:
1073:
1064:
1058:Species profile
1056:
1052:
1045:
1030:
1029:
1016:
1002:
1000:
982:
974:. p. 291.
959:
957:
947:
945:
941:
926:
921:
919:
912:
902:
900:
878:
876:
869:
867:
863:
848:
843:
841:
831:
829:
825:
794:
793:
789:
784:
777:
768:
765:
756:
753:
744:
741:
732:
729:
720:
717:
708:
705:
696:
693:
684:
681:
672:
669:
660:
657:
648:
645:
636:
633:
624:
608:
592:contraindicated
572:
556:
505:
474:
465:
428:
423:
409:
407:Similar species
392:
388:
387:
375:
371:
368:
366:
361:
357:
356:
351:
347:
344:
342:
337:
333:
330:
328:
323:
319:
316:
314:
311:perennial plant
307:
268:Britton ex Vail
254:Asclepias lutea
221:
216:
210:
197:
83:
75:
66:
62:
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2852:
2850:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2786:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2771:wfo-0000551830
2762:
2752:
2742:
2729:
2716:
2703:
2690:
2677:
2667:
2654:
2641:
2631:
2618:
2605:
2592:
2582:
2569:
2556:
2543:
2530:
2517:
2504:
2491:
2478:
2465:
2452:
2439:
2429:
2416:
2406:
2396:
2381:
2365:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2331:
2319:
2318:at Wikispecies
2305:
2289:
2288:External links
2286:
2285:
2284:
2278:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2232:tpwd.texas.gov
2214:
2212:
2211:
2163:
2083:
2025:
2023:
2022:
1983:
1903:
1889:
1862:
1806:
1773:
1742:
1709:
1663:
1632:
1338:
1307:
1272:
1216:
1201:
1185:
1169:
1156:
1147:
1106:
1062:
1050:
1043:
1014:
980:
910:
823:
814:The Plant List
786:
785:
783:
780:
779:
778:
771:
769:
766:
759:
757:
755:Yellow flowers
754:
747:
745:
742:
735:
733:
731:Orange flowers
730:
723:
721:
718:
711:
709:
706:
699:
697:
694:
687:
685:
682:
675:
673:
670:
663:
661:
658:
651:
649:
646:
639:
637:
634:
627:
623:
620:
607:
604:
571:
568:
555:
552:
504:
501:
473:
470:
464:
461:
460:
459:
449:
439:
427:
424:
422:
419:
408:
405:
306:
303:
283:butterfly weed
272:
271:
270:
269:
263:
257:
251:
245:
239:
230:
229:
223:
222:
217:
206:
205:
199:
198:
191:
189:
185:
184:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
140:
139:
134:
127:
126:
121:
114:
113:
108:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
77:
76:
60:
57:
56:
51:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
18:Chigger flower
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2851:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2753:
2749:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2265:
2259:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2205:September 11,
2201:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2136:The latex of
2133:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2084:
2079:
2073:
2057:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2020:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1956:The latex of
1953:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1911:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1777:
1774:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1746:
1743:
1730:
1726:
1724:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1667:
1664:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1564:September 11,
1560:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1495:The latex of
1492:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1450:
1439:
1432:September 11,
1424:
1420:
1413:
1405:
1403:
1397:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1369:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1322:
1318:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1296:September 11,
1291:
1287:
1283:
1280:Gomez, Tony.
1276:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1217:
1212:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1198:0-517-70787-X
1195:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1182:1-59186-121-7
1179:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1107:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1010:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
981:9781603427470
977:
973:
969:
965:
964:
955:
940:
936:
932:
925:
917:
915:
911:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
862:
858:
854:
847:
838:
834:
827:
824:
821:
815:
811:
807:
806:
801:
799:
791:
788:
781:
775:
770:
763:
758:
751:
746:
739:
734:
727:
722:
715:
710:
703:
698:
691:
686:
679:
674:
667:
662:
655:
650:
643:
638:
631:
626:
621:
619:
617:
612:
605:
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
569:
567:
565:
560:
553:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
502:
500:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
471:
469:
462:
457:
453:
450:
447:
443:
440:
437:
433:
430:
429:
425:
420:
418:
416:
415:
406:
404:
401:
399:
385:
380:
312:
304:
302:
300:
296:
292:
291:North America
288:
284:
280:
279:
267:
264:
261:
258:
255:
252:
249:
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
233:
231:
228:
224:
220:
215:
213:
207:
204:
203:Binomial name
200:
196:
195:
190:
187:
186:
183:
182:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
111:Tracheophytes
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
2360:
2336:
2314:
2300:
2263:
2235:. Retrieved
2231:
2203:. Retrieved
2181:
2175:
2169:
2157:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2135:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2060:. Retrieved
2040:
2028:
2017:
2010:. Retrieved
1977:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1955:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1879:. New York:
1875:
1865:
1856:
1847:– via
1841:. Retrieved
1829:
1825:
1793:(1): 27–34.
1790:
1786:
1776:
1764:. Retrieved
1759:
1756:Horticulture
1755:
1745:
1733:. Retrieved
1728:
1722:
1700:. Retrieved
1680:
1676:
1666:
1654:. Retrieved
1649:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1593:
1589:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1562:. Retrieved
1540:
1534:
1528:
1516:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1437:
1430:. Retrieved
1423:the original
1401:
1399:
1394:– via
1388:. Retrieved
1384:the original
1379:
1367:
1360:. Retrieved
1356:the original
1351:
1341:
1332:
1327:December 25,
1325:. Retrieved
1310:
1301:
1294:. Retrieved
1290:the original
1285:
1275:
1265:
1261:
1259:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1211:In the Field
1210:
1204:
1188:
1172:
1164:
1159:
1150:
1138:. Retrieved
1131:the original
1126:
1122:
1109:
1099:December 17,
1097:. Retrieved
1083:
1077:
1053:
1033:
1007:– via
1001:. Retrieved
962:
953:
946:. Retrieved
901:. Retrieved
884:
868:. Retrieved
836:
833:"Query Page"
826:
812:– via
803:
797:
790:
659:A young leaf
613:
609:
573:
561:
557:
543:
511:
510:
506:
498:
478:South Dakota
475:
466:
463:Common names
455:
451:
445:
441:
435:
431:
412:
410:
402:
381:
308:
282:
277:
276:
275:
265:
259:
253:
247:
241:
235:
211:
209:
193:
192:
180:
143:
130:
117:
104:
35:
29:
2686:kew-2655244
2609:NatureServe
2534:iNaturalist
2385:Wikispecies
2158:A. tuberosa
2150:A. tuberosa
2138:A. tuberosa
2062:October 17,
1978:A. tuberosa
1970:A. tuberosa
1958:A. tuberosa
1622:A. tuberosa
1576:A. tuberosa
1517:A. tuberosa
1509:A. tuberosa
1497:A. tuberosa
1402:A. tuberosa
1362:October 17,
1262:A. tuberosa
707:Flower head
554:Cultivation
548:cardenolide
546:species in
512:A. tuberosa
305:Description
295:butterflies
170:Apocynaceae
160:Gentianales
124:Angiosperms
71:NatureServe
2788:Categories
2755:WisFlora:
2681:Plant List
2432:Calflora:
2268:. Boston:
990:2010043054
782:References
576:glycosides
564:USDA zones
534:, and the
488:, west to
426:Subspecies
2799:Asclepias
2500:242416115
2146:Asclepias
2142:Asclepias
1966:Asclepias
1962:Asclepias
1899:244766414
1697:254600271
1590:Ecosphere
1572:Asclepias
1505:Asclepias
1501:Asclepias
1230:Ecosphere
998:776997073
600:pregnanes
596:lactation
584:resinoids
580:alkaloids
544:Asclepias
540:trichomes
480:south to
188:Species:
181:Asclepias
94:Kingdom:
2745:VASCAN:
2733:Tropicos
2614:2.129775
2565:10207336
2370:Wikidata
2325:Archived
2260:(1968).
2237:March 6,
2200:20118575
2154:pregnane
2132:28400886
2072:cite web
2003:Archived
1974:pregnane
1952:28400886
1881:Sterling
1843:July 11,
1834:Archived
1766:June 10,
1735:June 10,
1702:June 10,
1656:June 10,
1600:: 1–13.
1559:20118575
1513:pregnane
1491:28400886
1321:Archived
1240:: 1–13.
1140:June 11,
939:Archived
897:Archived
861:Archived
616:pleurisy
570:Toxicity
456:tuberosa
436:interior
421:Taxonomy
398:cultivar
309:It is a
287:milkweed
227:Synonyms
166:Family:
150:Asterids
137:Eudicots
2738:2603851
2596:MoBotPF
2552:94704-1
2513:3170305
2456:Ecocrop
2425:9413857
2376:Q311131
2123:5362972
2106:: 1–4.
2012:July 5,
1943:5362972
1926:: 1–4.
1832:: 302.
1762:(7): 42
1602:Bibcode
1482:5362972
1465:: 1–4.
1396:Blogger
1390:June 5,
1242:Bibcode
1003:July 7,
948:July 5,
903:July 9,
870:July 5,
767:Seedpod
622:Gallery
588:corneal
503:Ecology
494:Arizona
454:subsp.
446:rolfsii
444:subsp.
434:subsp.
391:⁄
374:⁄
360:⁄
350:⁄
336:⁄
322:⁄
176:Genus:
156:Order:
98:Plantae
69: (
67:Secure
2694:PLANTS
2650:920656
2634:NZOR:
2627:141466
2601:276924
2474:581278
2399:AoFP:
2276:
2198:
2130:
2120:
1950:
1940:
1897:
1887:
1858:1986).
1695:
1557:
1489:
1479:
1196:
1180:
1041:
996:
988:
978:
516:larval
486:Mexico
299:nectar
238:Decne.
2725:43609
2670:PFI:
2578:30313
2560:IRMNG
2539:47912
2487:ASCTU
2409:APA:
2006:(PDF)
1991:(PDF)
1837:(PDF)
1822:(PDF)
1693:S2CID
1596:(1).
1426:(PDF)
1415:(PDF)
1236:(1).
1134:(PDF)
1119:(PDF)
942:(PDF)
927:(PDF)
864:(PDF)
849:(PDF)
566:3–9.
520:queen
514:is a
482:Texas
384:axils
144:Clade
131:Clade
118:Clade
105:Clade
2758:2645
2748:2713
2707:POWO
2699:ASTU
2673:9667
2658:PfaF
2622:NCBI
2573:ITIS
2547:IPNI
2526:4480
2521:GRIN
2508:GBIF
2482:EPPO
2461:3466
2448:H6RF
2435:9705
2420:APNI
2402:3627
2274:ISBN
2239:2019
2207:2020
2196:PMID
2128:PMID
2078:link
2064:2020
2014:2021
1948:PMID
1895:OCLC
1885:ISBN
1845:2021
1768:2023
1737:2023
1704:2023
1658:2023
1582:(6)
1566:2020
1555:PMID
1523:(5)
1487:PMID
1443:(4)
1434:2020
1409:(3)
1392:2017
1372:(2)
1364:2020
1345:(1)
1329:2023
1298:2020
1194:ISBN
1178:ISBN
1142:2013
1101:2017
1039:ISBN
1005:2021
994:OCLC
986:LCCN
976:ISBN
958:(2)
950:2021
920:(1)
905:2021
877:(3)
872:2021
842:(2)
830:(1)
606:Uses
582:and
522:and
492:and
490:Utah
484:and
262:Raf.
250:Raf.
2766:WFO
2720:RHS
2588:163
2495:FNA
2469:EoL
2443:CoL
2412:474
2186:doi
2118:PMC
2108:doi
1938:PMC
1928:doi
1795:doi
1685:doi
1610:doi
1545:doi
1477:PMC
1467:doi
1250:doi
2790::
2768::
2735::
2722::
2709::
2696::
2683::
2660::
2647::
2624::
2611::
2598::
2575::
2562::
2549::
2536::
2523::
2510::
2497::
2484::
2471::
2458::
2445::
2422::
2387::
2372::
2272:.
2230:.
2217:^
2194:.
2182:58
2180:.
2174:.
2134:.
2126:.
2116:.
2102:.
2100:11
2098:.
2094:.
2074:}}
2070:{{
2047:,
2043:.
2039:.
2016:.
1997::
1993:.
1954:.
1946:.
1936:.
1922:.
1920:11
1918:.
1914:.
1893:.
1855:.
1851::
1830:64
1828:.
1824:.
1809:^
1791:21
1789:.
1785:.
1760:73
1758:.
1754:.
1727:.
1712:^
1691:.
1681:22
1679:.
1675:.
1648:.
1635:^
1618:.
1608:.
1592:.
1588:.
1568:.
1553:.
1541:58
1539:.
1533:.
1493:.
1485:.
1475:.
1461:.
1459:11
1457:.
1453:.
1436:.
1417:.
1398:.
1378:.
1366:.
1350:.
1331:.
1319:.
1300:.
1284:.
1258:.
1248:.
1232:.
1228:.
1125:.
1121:.
1092:,
1088:.
1082:.
1065:^
1017:^
992:.
984:.
970::
966:.
952:.
933::
929:.
913:^
895:.
891::
887:.
883:.
855::
851:.
835:.
808:.
802:.
618:.
602:.
578:,
530:,
301:.
244:L.
219:L.
146::
133::
120::
107::
2282:.
2241:.
2209:.
2188::
2172:"
2160:.
2110::
2092:"
2082:.
2080:)
2066:.
2051:.
1980:.
1930::
1912:"
1901:.
1803:.
1797::
1770:.
1739:.
1725:"
1721:"
1706:.
1687::
1660:.
1612::
1604::
1594:9
1547::
1531:"
1519:.
1469::
1451:"
1441:.
1407:.
1400:(
1305:.
1252::
1244::
1234:9
1144:.
1127:6
1103:.
1080:"
1076:"
1047:.
1011:.
907:.
874:.
839:.
816:.
800:"
796:"
393:2
389:1
376:4
372:1
369:+
367:1
365:–
362:4
358:3
352:4
348:3
345:+
343:4
341:–
338:4
334:1
331:+
329:1
324:2
320:1
317:+
315:3
73:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
