1069:
664:
freezes. The hottest temperatures in the desert occur in lower elevation areas and valleys, including near the Rio Grande from south of El Paso into the Big Bend, and the Bolson de Mapimi. A subtropical temperature regime describes lower elevations in the Texas Big Bend region up to the
Presidio and Candelaria areas, then southward into similar elevations, while a warm temperate temperature regime describes higher elevations and further north. The average annual temperature in the desert varies from about 13 to 22 °C (55 to 72 °F), depending on elevation and latitude.
1051:
465:
1012:
40:
1032:
677:
55:
667:
The mean annual precipitation for the
Chihuahuan Desert is 235 mm (9.3 in) with a range of approximately 150–400 mm (6–16 in), although it receives more precipitation than most other warm desert ecoregions. Nearly two-thirds of the arid zone stations have annual totals between 225
663:
to the west, mostly varying from 480 to 1,800 m (1,575 to 5,906 ft) in elevation, the desert has a slightly milder climate in the summer (though usually daytime June temperatures are in the range of 32 to 40 °C or 90 to 104 °F), with mild to cool winters and occasional to frequent
651:
to the east, block most moisture from the
Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, respectively. Climatically, the desert mostly has an arid, mesothermal climate with one rainy season in the late summer and smaller amounts of precipitation in early winter, the mean daily temperature of the coldest month
622:
the
Chihuahuan Desert may be the most biologically diverse desert in the world as measured by species richness or endemism. The region has been badly degraded, mainly due to grazing. Many native grasses and other species have become dominated by woody native plants, including creosote bush and
668:
and 275 mm (8.9 and 10.8 in). Snowfall is scant except at the higher elevation edges. Northern and eastern portions have more definite winters than southern and western portions, receiving a portion of winter precipitation as snowfall most winters.
702:) is the dominant plant species on gravelly and occasional sandy soils in valley areas within the Chihuahuan Desert. The other species found with creosote bush depend on factors including the soil type, elevation, and degree of slope. Viscid acacia (
903:
The United
Nations Environment Programme reported in 2006 that nearly half of the bird, mammal, and butterfly species in the Chihuahuan Desert are expected to be replaced by other species by 2055 due to climate change.
1068:
2490:
520:
adjacent to, or within the desert, and such elevated areas have both coniferous and broadleaf woodlands, including forests along drainages and favored exposures. The lower elevations of the
925:
1050:
969:
1031:
607:
are among the other communities in this ecoregion. Safford and Benson in
Arizona are located in low elevations of the western edges of the Chihuahuan Desert, but in an
2565:
921:
656:
when moist air from the Gulf of Mexico and the Sea of Cortez penetrates into the region, or much less frequently, when a tropical cyclone moves inland and stalls.
2540:
1099:
260:
125:
832:
and lechuguilla are found in areas with well-draining, shallow soils. The shrubs found near the Sierra Madre
Oriental are exclusively lechuguilla, guapilla (
130:
953:
2555:
2495:
2575:
933:
945:
2560:
2500:
1104:
913:
912:
A 2017 assessment found that 35,905 km (13,863 sq mi), or 7%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Protected areas include
1011:
2545:
949:
2590:
2550:
2535:
888:). Early Spanish explorers reported encountering grasses that were "belly high to a horse"; most likely these were big alkali sacaton (
2033:
977:
2570:
1503:
1429:
1244:
997:
497:
1402:
870:
Desert or arid grasslands comprise 20% of this desert and are often mosaics of shrubs and grasses. They include purple three-awn (
2353:
2273:
2454:
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2515:
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957:
453:
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993:
338:
521:
973:
87:
2525:
110:
941:
774:), are dominant in desert grasslands and near the mountain edges including the Sierra Madre Occidental. Lechuguilla (
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2485:
1845:
619:
493:
397:
2520:
989:
981:
816:
734:
105:
2053:
1269:
2530:
2176:
150:
1075:
929:
652:
warmer than 0 °C (32 °F). The majority of rain falls between late June and early
October during the
2600:
1544:
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917:
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120:
115:
464:
2136:
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1724:
1124:
985:
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45:
1627:
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828:
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572:
481:
429:
321:
2211:
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2141:
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752:
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536:
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range. Its largest, continual expanse is located in Mexico, covering a large portion of the state of
145:
1460:
528:
Region partly border the
Chihuahuan Desert and partly border other ecoregions that are not deserts.
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890:
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782:
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140:
70:
39:
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878:
758:
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576:
540:
313:
1464:
2363:
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2288:
2151:
2121:
2086:
2006:
1887:
1691:
1647:
1425:
1240:
1236:
1209:
1109:
1058:
1018:
961:
896:
872:
834:
822:
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698:
485:
433:
205:
2459:
2116:
1910:
1729:
1489:
1419:
1199:
1189:
860:
747:
604:
532:
501:
421:
372:
2417:
2392:
2383:
2335:
2313:
2268:
2240:
2231:
2111:
2091:
2076:
2063:
2048:
2038:
2028:
2020:
1988:
1945:
1817:
1792:
1787:
1699:
1682:
1617:
1567:
1559:
1539:
1529:
1406:
564:
525:
509:
489:
413:
393:
1667:
1399:
732:
species are abundant on slopes and uplands in most areas, while
Arizona rainbow cactus (
676:
2373:
2368:
2343:
2321:
2283:
2278:
2201:
2196:
1998:
1978:
1920:
1892:
1782:
1777:
1767:
1762:
1714:
1709:
1672:
1612:
1602:
1592:
1204:
1177:
1140:
810:
660:
612:
548:
473:
469:
417:
135:
75:
54:
2479:
2303:
2298:
2248:
2186:
2171:
2161:
2096:
2071:
2043:
1983:
1973:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1925:
1870:
1860:
1734:
1637:
1622:
1597:
1587:
1572:
1470:
1229:
560:
449:
220:
184:
1353:
2405:
2358:
1882:
1875:
1865:
1749:
1739:
1652:
1642:
1607:
1534:
1378:
628:
596:
592:
1449:
1298:
480:
There are several larger mountain ranges in the Chihuahuan Desert, including the
2221:
2216:
1968:
1935:
1930:
1850:
1840:
1772:
1582:
1145:
1129:
1119:
814:
are the most common species in the southeastern part of the desert. Candelilla (
640:
631:, once abundant, was nearly extinct and remains on the endangered species list.
624:
17:
2400:
1902:
1855:
1797:
1662:
1150:
846:
689:
513:
405:
401:
348:
303:
240:
452:. With an area of about 501,896 km (193,783 sq mi), it is the
275:
262:
2430:
1827:
1194:
1134:
681:
445:
389:
230:
1213:
1704:
1079:
1041:
864:
852:
799:
437:
210:
643:
desert because the two main mountain ranges which bound the desert, the
1807:
728:
608:
517:
441:
409:
235:
215:
1178:"An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm"
404:, the middle to lower Rio Grande Valley and the lower Pecos Valley in
1812:
1657:
1524:
1513:
1273:
386:
225:
179:
1719:
1632:
1037:
722:
685:
675:
463:
245:
82:
1481:
1485:
1323:
1235:(2007 ed.). New York, New York: Penguin Books. pp.
1062:)—one of the indicator plants of the Chihuahuan Desert
531:
There are few urban areas within the desert: the largest is
456:. The desert is fairly young, existing for only 8000 years.
659:
Owing to its inland position and higher elevation than the
412:, as well as the central and northern portions of the
1188:(6). pp. 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b.
1461:
Chihuahuan Desert images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
1176:
Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; et al. (2017).
926:
Cañón de Santa Elena Flora and Fauna Protection Area
2416:
2391:
2382:
2334:
2312:
2239:
2230:
2062:
2019:
1997:
1944:
1901:
1826:
1748:
1690:
1681:
1558:
357:
347:
337:
332:
309:
299:
291:
254:
193:
172:
164:
159:
93:
81:
69:
64:
32:
1228:
714:) dominate northern portions, while broom dalea (
2491:Deserts and xeric shrublands in the United States
1476:Small desert beetle found to engineer ecosystems
428:range, along with northwestern lowlands of the
1424:. United Nations Environment Programme. 2006.
970:Organ Mountains–Desert Peaks National Monument
744:) inhabit portions near the US–Mexico border.
1497:
1272:. New Mexico State University. Archived from
1100:List of ecoregions in the United States (WWF)
720:) occurs on sandy soils in western portions.
524:, the Magdalena–San Mateo Mountains, and the
380:
8:
1171:
1169:
1167:
922:Médanos de Samalayuca Natural Protected Area
361:35,905 km (13,863 sq mi) (7%)
2388:
2236:
1687:
1504:
1490:
1482:
1471:Pronatura Noreste in the Chihuahuan Desert
1044:typify the plants in the Chihuahuan Desert
954:Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge
1203:
1193:
168:501,896 km (193,783 sq mi)
1074:Poza Azul, one of many a springs in the
900:) along floodplain or bottomland areas.
126:Sierra Madre Occidental pine–oak forests
1163:
1007:
203:
103:
2566:Natural history of the Mexican Plateau
1409:, Chihuahuan Desert Research Institute
1348:
1346:
1344:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
992:, Black Gap Wildlife Management Area,
934:Ocampo Flora and Fauna Protection Area
131:Sierra Madre Oriental pine–oak forests
29:
1373:
1371:
1293:
1291:
1105:List of geographical regions in Texas
914:Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge
535:with almost two million inhabitants;
7:
2541:Natural history of Chihuahua (state)
950:Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge
938:Maderas del Carmen Biosphere Reserve
798:are the dominant species in western
416:. It is bordered on the west by the
454:largest hot desert in North America
978:Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge
738:) and Mexican fire-barrel cactus (
25:
998:Guadalupe Mountains National Park
59:Location map of Chihuahuan Desert
1067:
1049:
1030:
1010:
448:, and small western portions of
408:, and a portion of southeastern
53:
38:
2496:Ecoregions of the United States
1040:, creosote, buffalo gourd, and
468:The terrain mainly consists of
444:, the extreme northern part of
44:Chihuahuan desert landscape in
27:Largest desert in North America
2576:Geography of Chihuahua (state)
966:Oliver Lee Memorial State Park
958:Carlsbad Caverns National Park
392:designation covering parts of
1:
2556:Natural history of Nuevo León
1227:Wright, John W., ed. (2006).
994:Franklin Mountains State Park
946:Cañón de Fernández State Park
2561:Natural history of Zacatecas
2501:Deserts and xeric shrublands
974:Petroglyph National Monument
859:), while the well-developed
627:and other urbanization. The
88:Deserts and xeric shrublands
2546:Natural history of Coahuila
838:), Queen Victoria's agave (
111:Colorado Plateau shrublands
2617:
2551:Natural history of Durango
2536:Southwestern United States
1478:EurekAlert! March 27, 2008
1405:September 6, 2006, at the
1231:The New York Times Almanac
620:World Wide Fund for Nature
400:. It occupies much of far
398:southwestern United States
2450:
1520:
990:Big Bend Ranch State Park
982:White Sands National Park
817:Euphorbia antisyphilitica
735:Echinocereus polyacanthus
472:broken by numerous small
436:, along with portions of
106:Arizona Mountains forests
52:
37:
2571:Deserts of North America
1324:"Lobos of the Southwest"
942:Mapimí Biosphere Reserve
522:Sandia–Manzano Mountains
151:Western short grasslands
2591:Geography of Nuevo León
1545:List of deserts by area
1381:. Encyclopedia of Earth
1356:. National Park Service
1270:"The Chihuahuan Desert"
1095:List of deserts by area
918:Janos Biosphere Reserve
882:), and sideoats grama (
841:Agave victoriae-reginae
795:Echinocereus pectinatus
645:Sierra Madre Occidental
639:The desert is mainly a
547:; and the US cities of
426:Sierra Madre Occidental
121:Meseta Central matorral
116:Edwards Plateau savanna
2596:Geography of Zacatecas
2127:Gran Desierto de Altar
1456:. World Wildlife Fund.
1454:Terrestrial Ecoregions
1421:Global Deserts Outlook
1303:Terrestrial Ecoregions
1125:Samalayuca Dune Fields
986:Big Bend National Park
885:Bouteloua curtipendula
750:, such as bush muhly (
717:Psorothamnus scoparius
693:
654:North American Monsoon
477:
381:
376:
276:30.54056°N 103.83722°W
46:Big Bend National Park
2581:Geography of Coahuila
2516:Deserts of New Mexico
2426:North American Arctic
2167:North American Arctic
1305:. World Wildlife Fund
1195:10.1093/biosci/bix014
1076:Cuatro Ciénegas Basin
930:Cuatro Ciénegas Basin
679:
649:Sierra Madre Oriental
516:" of cooler, wetter,
467:
430:Sierra Madre Oriental
382:Desierto Chihuahuense
377:Desierto de Chihuahua
2586:Geography of Durango
2506:Ecoregions of Mexico
1276:on December 27, 2012
850:spp.), and barreta (
808:), lechuguilla, and
805:Fouquieria splendens
768:), and hairy grama (
753:Muhlenbergia porteri
647:to the west and the
498:Sacramento Mountains
424:, and the extensive
281:30.54056; -103.83722
146:Tamaulipan mezquital
2354:Los Médanos de Coro
2102:Channeled scablands
1725:Ramlat al-Sab'atayn
1450:"Chihuahuan desert"
1379:"Chihuahuan Desert"
1354:"Chihuahuan Desert"
1299:"Chihuahuan desert"
984:in New Mexico; and
891:Sporobolus wrightii
829:Acacia glandulifera
789:Opuntia macrocentra
783:Prosopis glandulosa
780:), honey mesquite (
705:Vachellia vernicosa
696:The creosote bush (
506:Guadalupe Mountains
339:Conservation status
272: /
141:Tamaulipan matorral
2526:Deserts of Arizona
2147:Jornada del Muerto
1550:Desert exploration
1465:slow modem version
1400:Chihuahuan Climate
1115:Malpai Borderlands
879:Bouteloua eriopoda
863:includes grasses,
759:Bouteloua gracilis
741:Ferocactus pilosus
694:
682:Pronghorn antelope
494:Franklin Mountains
478:
2511:Deserts of Mexico
2486:Chihuahuan Desert
2473:
2472:
2446:
2445:
2330:
2329:
2015:
2014:
1692:Arabian Peninsula
1648:Plaine des Sables
1110:McKittrick Canyon
1082:, Mexico (2009).
1059:Agave lechuguilla
1023:Larrea tridentata
962:Carrizozo Malpais
897:Pleuraphis mutica
873:Aristida purpurea
835:Hechtia glomerata
823:Mimosa zygophylla
777:Agave lechuguilla
762:), gypsum grama (
748:Herbaceous plants
711:Flourensia cernua
699:Larrea tridentata
623:mesquite, due to
618:According to the
486:Sierra del Carmen
369:Chihuahuan Desert
365:
364:
33:Chihuahuan Desert
16:(Redirected from
2608:
2521:Deserts of Texas
2389:
2237:
1688:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1483:
1457:
1436:
1435:
1416:
1410:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1375:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1350:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1295:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1266:
1251:
1250:
1234:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1207:
1197:
1173:
1071:
1053:
1034:
1014:
876:), black grama (
861:herbaceous layer
708:), and tarbush (
512:. These create "
502:Chisos Mountains
440:, north-eastern
422:Colorado Plateau
384:
287:
286:
284:
283:
282:
277:
273:
270:
269:
268:
265:
57:
42:
30:
21:
18:Chihuahua Desert
2616:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2531:Mexican Plateau
2476:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2442:
2412:
2378:
2326:
2308:
2269:Nullarbor Plain
2226:
2137:Great Salt Lake
2082:Baja California
2058:
2029:Bardenas Reales
2011:
1993:
1946:Iranian Plateau
1940:
1897:
1822:
1803:Saryesik-Atyrau
1744:
1677:
1613:Farafra (White)
1554:
1540:List of deserts
1530:Desertification
1516:
1510:
1448:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1432:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1407:Wayback Machine
1398:
1394:
1384:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1369:
1359:
1357:
1352:
1351:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1322:
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1308:
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1160:
1155:
1090:
1083:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1045:
1035:
1026:
1015:
1006:
910:
908:Protected areas
756:), blue grama (
674:
637:
510:Davis Mountains
490:Organ Mountains
474:mountain ranges
462:
414:Mexican Plateau
394:northern Mexico
280:
278:
274:
271:
266:
263:
261:
259:
258:
250:
202:
201:
189:
155:
102:
101:
60:
48:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2614:
2612:
2604:
2603:
2601:Madrean Region
2598:
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2440:
2438:Russian Arctic
2435:
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2414:
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2411:
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2409:
2408:
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2318:
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2307:
2306:
2301:
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2291:
2286:
2281:
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2261:
2259:Great Victoria
2256:
2251:
2245:
2243:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2207:Tule (Arizona)
2204:
2202:Tonopah Desert
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2177:Painted Desert
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2068:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1999:Southeast Asia
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1928:
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1918:
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1905:
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1895:
1890:
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1838:
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1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1778:Dasht-e Naomid
1775:
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1765:
1760:
1754:
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1746:
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1737:
1732:
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1443:External links
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1328:Mexican Wolves
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996:, and part of
936:, and part of
928:in Chihuahua;
909:
906:
894:) and tobosa (
811:Yucca filifera
673:
670:
661:Sonoran Desert
636:
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613:Sonoran Desert
461:
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418:Sonoran Desert
363:
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2384:Polar regions
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1056:Lechuguilla (
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2406:Meyer Desert
2264:Little Sandy
2106:
2034:Cabo de Gata
1916:Indus Valley
1836:Badain Jaran
1758:Aral Karakum
1750:Central Asia
1740:Wahiba Sands
1653:Richtersveld
1578:Black Desert
1535:Polar desert
1453:
1420:
1414:
1395:
1385:February 16,
1383:. Retrieved
1360:February 16,
1358:. Retrieved
1331:. Retrieved
1327:
1318:
1307:. Retrieved
1302:
1280:February 16,
1278:. Retrieved
1274:the original
1230:
1222:
1185:
1181:
1057:
1022:
948:in Durango;
916:in Arizona;
911:
902:
895:
889:
883:
877:
871:
869:
851:
845:
839:
833:
827:
821:
815:
809:
803:
802:. Ocotillo (
793:
787:
781:
775:
769:
765:B. breviseta
763:
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751:
746:
739:
733:
727:
721:
715:
709:
703:
697:
695:
666:
658:
638:
629:Mexican wolf
617:
530:
482:Sierra Madre
479:
368:
366:
333:Conservation
325:
317:
310:Climate type
2314:New Zealand
2294:Sturt Stony
2254:Great Sandy
2192:Smoke Creek
2157:Lechuguilla
2142:Great Sandy
2132:Great Basin
1773:Betpak-Dala
1333:20 December
1146:Trans-Pecos
1130:Sky islands
1120:Pecos River
1078:in central
641:rain shadow
625:overgrazing
585:Fort Sumner
553:Albuquerque
514:sky islands
279: /
267:103°50′14″W
255:Coordinates
2480:Categories
2401:Antarctica
2364:Patagonian
2349:La Guajira
2289:Strzelecki
2182:Red Desert
2122:Forty Mile
2107:Chihuahuan
2087:Black Rock
1903:South Asia
1888:Taklamakan
1663:Tanezrouft
1309:2010-10-22
1182:BioScience
1158:References
1151:West Texas
1000:in Texas.
856:parvifolia
847:Dasylirion
844:), sotol (
771:B. hirsuta
690:Otero Mesa
589:Las Cruces
557:Alamogordo
508:, and the
450:Nuevo León
406:New Mexico
402:West Texas
349:Global 200
343:Vulnerable
314:Hot desert
304:Rio Grande
264:30°32′26″N
241:New Mexico
221:Nuevo León
2431:Greenland
2393:Antarctic
2241:Australia
2117:Escalante
2054:Deliblato
1911:Cholistan
1828:East Asia
1628:Moçâmedes
1137:formation
1135:Solitario
611:with the
573:Carrizozo
537:Chihuahua
460:Geography
446:Zacatecas
434:Chihuahua
390:ecoregion
358:Protected
231:Zacatecas
206:Chihuahua
173:Countries
160:Geography
2460:Category
2112:Colorado
2092:Carcross
2077:Amargosa
2049:Tabernas
2039:Monegros
1989:Registan
1793:Moiynkum
1788:Kyzylkum
1700:Ad-Dahna
1618:Kalahari
1568:Algerian
1403:Archived
1214:28608869
1088:See also
1080:Coahuila
1042:mesquite
853:Helietta
800:Coahuila
569:Carlsbad
541:Saltillo
518:climates
438:Coahuila
396:and the
211:Coahuila
76:Nearctic
2465:Commons
2455:Project
2374:Tatacoa
2369:Sechura
2344:Atacama
2322:Rangipo
2284:Simpson
2279:Pedirka
2274:Painted
2232:Oceania
2197:Sonoran
2044:Oleshky
1921:Katpana
1893:Tengger
1818:Ustyurt
1808:Sarykum
1783:Karakum
1768:Barsuki
1763:Aralkum
1715:Judaean
1710:Arabian
1673:Western
1603:Eastern
1593:Danakil
1514:deserts
1205:5451287
1004:Gallery
865:legumes
729:Opuntia
688:in the
635:Climate
609:ecotone
605:Willcox
601:Roswell
549:El Paso
545:Torreón
442:Durango
410:Arizona
385:) is a
373:Spanish
236:Arizona
216:Durango
94:Borders
65:Ecology
2418:Arctic
2304:Tirari
2299:Tanami
2249:Gibson
2187:Sevier
2172:Owyhee
2162:Mojave
2097:Carson
2072:Alvord
2021:Europe
2007:La Paz
1984:Polond
1979:Naomid
1926:Kharan
1883:Qaidam
1871:Kubuqi
1861:Kumtag
1813:Taukum
1735:Syrian
1668:Ténéré
1658:Sahara
1638:Nubian
1623:Libyan
1598:Djurab
1588:Chalbi
1573:Bayuda
1560:Africa
1525:Desert
1512:World
1428:
1243:
1212:
1202:
1017:Young
980:, and
686:yuccas
684:among
603:, and
577:Deming
565:Benson
561:Alpine
543:, and
504:, the
500:, the
496:, the
492:, the
488:, the
484:, the
470:basins
420:, the
387:desert
320:) and
300:Rivers
226:Sonora
194:States
180:Mexico
2359:Monte
1974:Margo
1964:Leili
1959:Khash
1954:Kavir
1876:Mu Us
1866:Ordos
1720:Negev
1705:Nefud
1643:Nyiri
1633:Namib
1608:Ferlo
1038:Yucca
723:Yucca
672:Flora
597:Pecos
593:Marfa
246:Texas
83:Biome
71:Realm
2222:Yuma
2217:Yuha
2152:Kaʻū
1936:Thar
1931:Thal
1851:Hami
1841:Gobi
1683:Asia
1583:Blue
1426:ISBN
1387:2013
1362:2013
1335:2017
1282:2013
1241:ISBN
1210:PMID
944:and
924:and
792:and
726:and
551:and
526:Gila
367:The
200:List
165:Area
100:List
1969:Lut
1856:Lop
1798:Ryn
1237:456
1200:PMC
1190:doi
820:),
786:),
353:Yes
326:BSh
318:BWh
295:Non
2482::
1452:.
1370:^
1343:^
1326:.
1301:.
1290:^
1255:^
1239:.
1208:.
1198:.
1186:67
1184:.
1180:.
1166:^
988:,
976:,
972:,
968:,
964:,
960:,
956:,
952:,
932:,
920:,
826:,
680:A
615:.
599:,
595:,
591:,
587:,
583:,
579:,
575:,
571:,
567:,
563:,
559:,
555:.
539:,
379:,
375::
1505:e
1498:t
1491:v
1467:)
1463:(
1434:.
1389:.
1364:.
1337:.
1312:.
1284:.
1249:.
1216:.
1192::
1025:)
1021:(
692:.
476:.
371:(
328:)
324:(
316:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
