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22:
420:
Three lifeboats had capsized, spilling occupants into the water, and leaving them in a desperate fight to climb onto the lifeboats upturned hulls. Only two lifeboats were lowered correctly, one was
Lifeboat 4, with 33 occupants, of whom only one was a child (this was one of the private passenger children, her family was also saved), and the other was Lifeboat 12, with 46 occupants, of whom 6 were CORB boys. Hundreds more people died during the night, and a fourth lifeboat was capsized. By the time the British destroyer
235:, had made her views clear at the outbreak of war. There was some suggestion that the Queen and her daughters should be evacuated to North America or Canada. To this the Queen replied in a letter, written on Windsor Castle headed notepaper: âThe children will not leave unless I do. I shall not leave unless their father does, and the king will not leave the country in any circumstances, whatever.â Throughout the Second World War the Queen and her children shared the dangers and difficulties of the rest of the nation.
239:
doctors. They would travel to the port of embarkation and be accommodated in a hostel, where final medical checks were made. In order to embark rapidly; the usual formalities were dispensed with, there would be no passports. Each child was given a luggage label with its C.O.R.B. number and as each child embarked they were given an identity disc, also with its C.O.R.B. number.
160:
Liverpool to Canada. There was a total of 1,103 passengers in addition to the crew. Survivors were rescued by the
British destroyers HMS Electra, Escort and Fame as well as merchantmen âCity of Flintâ and âSouthern Crossâ and the Norwegian tanker âKnute Nelsonâ. The survivors were brought to Galway in neutral Ireland. 118 passengers were killed, including 28 Americans.
500:. He was accused of sinking the ship with the full knowledge that it had been transporting evacuees. He reaffirmed the German position that there was no way that he or the crew of the submarine could have known who was on board. It was upheld and he was acquitted. However, Bleichrodt refused to apologise to the survivors, despite several crew members of
361:. Twelve-year old Patricia Allen of Liverpool and ten-year old Michael Brooker of Kent returned to find that their homes had been badly damaged in the Luftwaffe raids and their families were living in shelters. The two were labelled as "priority candidates" and sent back to the program to await the next available voyage.
469:, British public opinion opposed the continuation of overseas evacuation, fearing further tragedies. Winston Churchill had been opposed to the scheme, so the government announced the cancellation of the CORB programme. However, private evacuation efforts continued into late 1941. By September 1940 the
106:
was established in June 1940. Its purpose, was to try to save mainly Jewish refugee children who came from
Continental Europe (as contrasted with those of the CORB from Great Britain), and to evacuate them to America. Images of German bombing raids and European refugees had a major impact on American
70:
Even before the Second World War began in
September 1939, the British government had prepared for the evacuation of over a million vulnerable people, mainly children, from the towns and cities to safe areas in the countryside away from the risk of enemy bombing. It was widely believed that up to four
61:
programme. In the first few months over 211,000 children were registered with the scheme. A further 24,000 children had been approved for sailing in that time and over 1,000 volunteer escorts, including doctors and nurses, enrolled. It was planned as a temporary exile for the children, to return home
516:
and
Greenock in Scotland were also used. Between 21 July and 20 September 1940, 16 voyages were made carrying 2,664 CORB children. In addition there were also privately sponsored voyages. The programme itself was very limited in size; nineteen ships set sail with 3,127 children, the vast majority of
419:
to sink, 31 minutes, dozens were dead, many of them children. The first lifeboat to be lowered, Lifeboat 8 on the port-side, had been struck by a wave, tipping all of its occupants, more than thirty people (including 18 CORB girls and 2 escorts), into the frigid sea. Everyone in that lifeboat died.
238:
The new organisation and staff were quickly assembled and the scheme launched. Applications for children would be made through schools throughout the country. They would travel alone and be accompanied by selected teachers or escorts at a ratio of one to every 15 children, in addition to nurses and
448:
caused outrage when it was reported on 23 September 1940. The
British government protested that children should not have been innocent victims of war. The Americans called it a âdastardly actâ. The Germans defended the U-boat attack, considering the ship a legitimate military target, and insisted
435:
and also landed at
Greenock (two more Indian crew members died there). The ship's master, three convoy staff members (including the commodore), 120 crew members and 134 passengers were lost. 77 of the 90 CORB children died in the sinking, including Patricia Allen and Michael Brooker. In all, 258
159:
chartered from the Anchor
Donaldson Line on September 3, 1939, the day Britain entered the War. It was sunk without warning west of Scotland by U-30, which had been shadowing the liner and attacked when it received news that Britain and Germany were at war. âAtheniaâ was carrying evacuees from
427:
got to the scene, there were only 105 survivors, thirteen of whom were children (7 CORB children and 6 private passenger children) and 19 of whom were women. Only 2 escorts had been rescued, both women. They were landed at
Greenock. 46 survivors were left adrift in a lifeboat for eight days
123:) worked with the OSE to select children. In a complicated process, several hundred children made it to the United States, though the rescue of many more was ultimately thwarted by the Nazi occupation of southern France. The organisation called the
96:, who would evacuate the children of their British employees. At the beginning of the War America was neutral, and had strict immigration laws. This presented a serious obstacle to the U.S.A. accepting any significant number of British refugees.
224:, for the new department to be housed in their London Head Office at 45 Berkeley Street. The British Government would meet the cost of the voyages with contributions taken from parents on a sliding scale, involving a means test.
436:
people out of 406 on board had died, and 148 had survived. Of 100 children on board (this figure includes the 10 private passenger children) 81 had died, 19 had survived. This event brought the evacuation programme to a halt.
56:
The children were sent mainly to the four
Dominion countries, Canada 1,532 (in nine parties), Australia 577 (three parties), New Zealand 202 (two parties), and South Africa 353 (two parties), and 838 to the USA under the
82:. It was initially rejected on the grounds of creating panic or spreading defeatism. Instead the government decided that the evacuation to rural areas of Britain should continue as it was felt that this was adequate.
484:
Although the evacuation scheme had ceased in September 1940, CORB remained active. It was not disbanded, along with the advisory councils, until 1944, by which point the perceived German military threat had reduced.
327:, firing two torpedoes that hit No. 1 hold and damaged and caused flooding in No.2 hold. The passengers and crew abandoned ship and were rescued by other ships in the convoy, including the British cargo ship
142:, announced that a total of 838 children had been sent under the auspices of the United States Committee for the Care of European Children, with the collaboration of the Childrenâs Overseas Reception Board.
131:(She was the honorary president). This program helped evacuate more than 838 children to America. Other organisations and individuals also worked to save Jewish children and send them to the United States.
124:
58:
41:) was a British government sponsored organisation. The CORB evacuated 2,664 British children from England, so that they would escape the imminent threat of German invasion and the risk of enemy bombing in
354:
did not sink, and was subsequently taken in tow to Scotland for repairs. When she was docked, an unexploded second torpedo was found embedded in her bow. Had it exploded, she would have probably sunk.
1630:
Company archive: The Thomas Cook Archive has been transferred to the Record Office for Leicestershire, Leicester and Rutland in Long Street, Wigston Magna, Leicestershire, LE18 2AH as of January 2020
1674:
2088:
85:
Nonetheless, it is estimated that, by the end of 1941, some 14,000 British children had been evacuated overseas by private arrangement, over 6,000 to Canada and some 5,000 to the United States.
103:
1594:
449:
that the British government was to blame for allowing children to travel on such ships in a war zone. The sinking was a public relations disaster for both the CORB programme and the
2103:
415:
attacked her with two torpedoes, but they missed. A second torpedo attack at 10:01 hit the ship in the port stern at 119 seconds later, at 10:03 PM. In the time it took the
99:
Initially these British evacuations to America were a private undertaking and not a British Government sponsored or aided evacuation, but this changed later (see below).
1650:
The Absurd and the Brave: CORB, The True Account of the British Government's World War II Evacuation of Children Overseas, (1990) Michael Fethney, The Book Guild, Lewes
2108:
381:, carrying 90 children bound for homes in Canada, was sunk by torpedoed. Patricia Allen and Michael Brooker were aboard. She had left Liverpool on 13 September for
227:
Although the British Government was now involved, and this scheme was sanctioned by the Cabinet, Churchill and some others were not personally keen on the idea.
139:
107:
opinion and this increased when the Germans began bombing the UK. America was neutral until December 1941, which meant that USCOM was still able to operate in
457:
was at the head of the convoy, and the convoy was not taking any evasive action all featured prominently, though there was never an official enquiry.
1343:
1339:
1421:
The following members were appointed to the Advisory Council as announced in Parliament on 26 June 1940.They met at 45 Berkeley Street London W1,
1435:
1619:
135:
206:
With the fall of France imminent, the children's evacuation scheme was again presented in the British Parliament, and this time approved.
1992:
218:
on 17 June, Under-Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs Geoffrey Shakespeare was tasked with implementing the evacuation programme.
112:
1669:
428:(including 2 escorts â one of whom was a woman, Mary Cornish â and 6 CORB boys), one Indian deckhand dying, until being picked up by
1870:
1581:
Miss Margaret Jobson, J.P., a member of the Fife County Council, and Fife Education Authority, (also attended London HQ meetings).
1502:
Miss M. F. Jobson, J.P., Member of Fife Education Authority and County Council; also appointed with special reference to Scotland.
321:, carrying 113 evacuee children bound for Wellington, New Zealand. On 30 August 1940 at about 11.00pm, the convoy was attacked by
1496:
Mr. W. A. F. Hepburn, O.B.E., M.C., LL.D., Director of Education for Ayrshire, also appointed with special reference to Scotland.
350:
and other west coast ports in Scotland. All 321 children were rescued. The only casualty was the ship's purser, who was drowned.
228:
1719:
1886:
278:
Within two weeks of each other, two ships carrying CORB children âSea Evacueesâ as they were known, were torpedoed by German
1670:
HANSARD 1940, Commons Sitting, DOMINIONS OFFICE, CHILDREN'S OVERSEAS RECEPTION SCHEME.HC Deb 2 July 1940 vol 362 cc699-760
1535:
1429:
847:
453:. The British public seemed more enraged at the Admiralty than at the Germans. The fact that the escorts were detached,
410:
390:
322:
311:
1626:
Thomas Cook's Archives, Westpoint, Peterborough Business Park, Lynch Wood, Peterborough, PE2 6FZ, Archivist: Paul Smith
21:
1653:
A History of the Twentieth Century, Vol. 2 1933-54, (1998) Martin Gilbert, William Morrow and Company, Inc. New York
257:
155:
The first British civilian casualties of World War II occurred when a German U-boat sank the Cunard passenger liner
1754:
1529:
669:
1583:
Mr. W. A. F. Hepburn, O.B.E., M.C., LL.D., Director of Education for Ayrshire, (also attended London HQ meetings).
733:
1647:
Innocents Abroad: Story of British Child Evacuees in Australia, 1940â45, (1994) Edward Stokes, Allen & Unwin
1938:
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The Singing Ship: an odyssey of evacuee children, Meta Maclean, Angus and Robertson, Sydney. 1941, (MS Batory)
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1574:
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1486:
Miss Ellen Evans, Principal, The Glamorgan Training College: also appointed with special reference to Wales.
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563:
75:
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Children of the Doomed Voyage, (2005) Janet Menzies, John Wiley & Sons (story of the tragedy of the SS
496:
survived the war, and was held and tried by the Allies on war crimes charges concerning the sinking of the
1550:
Miss Edith Thompson, C.B.E., Chairman of Executive, Society for the Overseas Settlement of British Women.
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705:
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Liverpool was the principal port used for evacuation for the North Atlantic routes to Canada and America.
215:
120:
2067://www.iwm.org.uk/history/the-story-of-child-evacuee-beryl-myatt-and-the-sinking-of-the-ss-city-of-benares
1911:
1887:"Life on board the City of Benares - the Children's Ship - Merseyside Maritime Museum, Liverpool museums"
1663:
Thomas Cook, 150 Years of Popular Tourism, (1991) Piers Brendon, Secker & Warbug, London, pages 278-9
1614:
Oceans Apart: the stories of overseas evacuees in World War Two, Penny Starns, The History press, 2014,
1545:
1513:
1300:
741:
1540:
Miss Gladys Pott, C.B.E., ex-Chairman of Executive of Society for Overseas Settlement of British Women.
88:
They went either to relatives or friends or left as part of private schemes, run by businesses such as
1269:
1507:
983:
811:
293:
221:
883:
371:
The second incident, which led to the cancellation of the program, occurred 17 September 1940, when
1993:
http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title=Children's_Overseas_Reception_Board
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The Countess of Bessborough, Chairman of Council, Society for Overseas Settlement of British Women.
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45:. This was during a critical period in British history, between July and September 1940, when the
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269:
200:
89:
2013:
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1569:, M.P., Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Scotland. (also attended London HQ meetings)
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504:, including the radio operator, expressing their shock and regret once the facts became known.
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1629:
1615:
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Keep Calm and Carry On?: Examining WWII Great Britain through the Lens of Overseas Evacuation:
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whom made it to their temporary foster homes in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa.
474:
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was appointed to head a coalition government. Shortly afterwards the Germans initiated their
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2014:"Oral Answers to Questions â Children's Overseas Recep Tion Scheme (Advisory Council)"
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IWM THE STORY OF CHILD EVACUEE BERYL MYATT AND THE SINKING OF THE SS CITY OF BENARES:
1605:
BBC MEMORIES OF A C.O.R.B. (CHILDREN'S OVERSEAS RECEPTION BOARD) EVACUEE 1940 - 1944:
1375:
839:
315:
1571:
Mr. A. L. Fletcher, B.A., former Director of Education for the County of Midlothian.
1548:, Baronet, an authority on shipping; also appointed with special reference to Wales.
1524:
Mr. W. A. Markham, M.A., Member of Executive National Children's Home and Orphanage.
919:
108:
42:
1641:
The Peopleâs War: Britain 1939-45, (1969) Angus Calder, Jonathan Cape Ltd., London
769:
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274:
which had been adrift for nine days after the ship was sunk on 17 September 1940.
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for CORB was also appointed, which met at 27, St. Andrew's Square, Edinburgh 2.
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803:
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2076://scholarworks.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=honorstheses
357:
All but two of the 321 children returned to their families after the attack on
74:
When war did eventually break out, the question of sending British children to
1234:
Ships Under the CORB Scheme Carrying Children that were Disembarked After the
1128:
176:
164:
79:
1585:
A representative of the Quarrier's Homes, Bridge of Weir, who was appointed.
71:
million people could be killed by enemy attacks on British towns and cities.
1840:
William Shawcross, The Queen Mother: The Official Biography (2009) Macmillan
591:
232:
1862:
Miracles on the Water: The Heroic Survivors of a World War II U-Boat Attack
1500:
Reverend Canon H. E. Hyde, Church of England Council for Empire Settlement.
1628:
The company ceased trading in September 2019, and the archived moved to,
1573:
Miss Mary Tweedie, former Headmistress of the Edinburgh Ladies' College (
402:
386:
347:
1473:
1466:
Reverend John Bennett, Catholic Council of British Overseas Settlement.
513:
397:, with the Atlantic weather getting worse and the ship sailing slowly.
394:
199:, quickly overrunning the northern part of the country and forcing the
172:
116:
1939:"Remembering the City of Benares tragedy | The National Archives blog"
1696:
1714:
1675:
HM Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother 1900-2002 (The Churchill Centre)
382:
279:
180:
49:
was raging, and German invasion forces were being amassed across the
1644:
The Home Front: Witness History, (1990) Stewart Ross, Hodder Wayland
1522:, G.C.B., G.C.M.G., sometime His Majesty's Ambassador to Washington.
1965:, Monday 23 September 1940, HEADLINE â294 drowned in Nazi outrageâ
256:
93:
521:
Ships Under the CORB Scheme Carrying British and Welsh Children
2058://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/90/a8761890.shtml
1794:"The United States Committee for the Care of European Children"
1476:
Brothers, Limited, an authority on school and welfare problems.
1416:
1912:"Corona Daily Independent Newspaper Archives, Sep 23, 1940"
25:
Children's Overseas Reception Board (CORB) group bound for
220:
The same day, negotiations opened with the travel agency
125:
United States Committee for the Care of European Children
104:
U.S. Committee for the Care of European Children" (USCOM)
59:
United States Committee for the Care of European Children
1679:
1458:
Mr. E. R. Appleton, Organizer of Empire Youth movements.
393:
with 19 other ships and was 253 miles west-southwest of
102:
In a related American activity, the quasi-governmental "
1595:
Evacuations of civilians in Britain during World War II
1526:
Mrs. Norman, Vice-Chairman, Women's Voluntary Services.
1417:
Children's Overseas Reception Scheme (Advisory Council)
1058:
Ships Under the CORB Scheme Carrying Scottish Children
1706:
WW2 Peoples memory Archives collected by the BBC (RMS
1456:, M.P., Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of Pensions.
473:
had achieved mastery over the German Luftwaffe in the
1579:
Mrs. McNab Shaw, a member of the Ayr County Council.
1504:
Miss E. A. Jones, M.A., Headmistresses' Association.
1444:, M.P., Parliamentary Secretary, Board of Education.
1438:, M.P., Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of Health.
242:
At its height the C.O.R.B. employed some 620 staff.
201:
evacuation of British and French troops from Dunkirk
1450:, M.P., Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Scotland.
302:, whose passengers included 320 children bound for
1740:Records of the Children's Overseas Reception Board
1680:Canadaâs Immigration Museum, Pier 21 Halifax (SS
477:, and the threat of an imminent German invasion (
163:On 10 May 1940, the Germans started their second
1743:. Childrens Overseas Reception Board. 1940â1959.
1534:Dr. Donald Paterson, M.D., F.R.C.P., Physician,
409:, and was leading the convoy. At about 10:00 PM
1470:Miss, Grace Browning, Girl Guide's Association.
2032:"City of Benares | National Museums Liverpool"
1810:Hansard: Parliamentary answer 25 February 1941
1472:Mr. Laurence Cadbury, O.B.E., M.A., Chairman,
314:, consisting of 32 other ships, and including
2104:United Kingdom home front during World War II
1506:Mr. P. J. Kirkpatrick, Dr. Barnardo's Homes (
140:Under-Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs
111:after May 1940. On the ground in France, the
62:to their families when conditions permitted.
8:
1937:Archives, The National (17 September 2015).
1602:The National Archives: Evacuation to Canada
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1542:Mr. Brendan Quin, 1820 Memorial Settlement.
1512:Mr. Harold Legat, Boy Scouts' Association (
1498:Reverend S. W. Hughes, Free Church Council.
1232:
519:
1818:
1816:
1494:Mr. Gordon Green, Fairbridge Farm School.
113:Quaker American Friends Service Committee
16:British government-sponsored organisation
1720:The Wartime Memories Project - Evacuees
1056:
20:
1730:
1715:Imperial War Museum, London Collections
1484:Miss Doggett, O.B.E., League of Empire.
268:rescues survivors from a lifeboat from
2109:The National Archives (United Kingdom)
1746:
127:was strongly supported by First Lady
7:
2089:Children's Overseas Reception Board
35:Children's Overseas Reception Board
2046:"The National Archives - Homepage"
1983:Gilbert, 20th Century, pp. 321-342
14:
1563:, P. J. Dollan, Esq., (Chairman).
1859:Nagorski, Tom (4 August 2015).
1277:Ellerman City & Hall Lines
1206:Ellerman City & Hall Lines
670:P&O Steam NavigationCompany
1528:Mrs. E. Parker, Ex-President,
956:Ellerman City & Hall Lines
210:Use of Thomas Cook's expertise
1:
1136:New Zealand Shipping Company
1536:Great Ormond Street Hospital
848:New Zealand Shipping Company
339:, and the British destroyer
214:In Churchillâs newly formed
78:countries was brought up in
1891:www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk
1599:National Museums Liverpool
1554:A Scottish Advisory Council
1344:Government Line of Steamers
203:between 27 May and 4 June.
2125:
1943:The National Archives blog
1530:National Union of Teachers
187:, resigned immediately as
146:Organisation of the scheme
1559:The Right Honourable the
1432:(Chairman), C.B.E., LL.D.
1425:& Sons, Head Office.
1395:Recalled the same day of
209:
1478:Lieut.-Colonel Culshaw,
1389:Sailed on Sep. 25, 1940
1323:270 children (Scottish)
1101:Elders & Fyffes Line
777:Booth Steamship Company
635:Booth Steamship Company
1697:The National Archives (
1575:The Mary Erskine School
1561:Lord Provost of Glasgow
1292:37 children (Scottish)
564:Booth Steamship Company
306:and New York. She left
1753:: CS1 maint: others (
1624:Thomas Cook Archive: *
1488:Captain G. F. Gracey,
706:Cunard-White Star Line
488:The German captain of
465:After the disaster of
275:
121:History of the Quakers
30:
1699:SS Llanstephan Castle
1546:William Reardon Smith
1518:The Right Honourable
1514:The Scout Association
1428:The Right Honourable
1383:New Zealand Shipping
1352:Disembarked with the
1249:Planned Sailing Date
742:Canadian Pacific Line
346:. They were taken to
261:Royal Navy destroyer
260:
222:Thomas Cook & Son
66:Historical background
24:
1963:Liverpool Daily Post
1916:NewspaperArchive.com
1508:Thomas John Barnardo
1252:Disembarkation Date
1045:29 children (mostly
819:Torpedoed August 30
812:Holland America Line
761:256 boys, 238 girls
725:145 boys, 139 girls
689:187 boys, 166 girls
294:Holland America Line
136:Geoffrey Shakespeare
1918:. 23 September 1940
1349:September 25, 1940
1314:September 24, 1940
1311:September 25, 1940
1283:September 19, 1940
1280:September 19, 1940
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1209:September 10, 1940
1178:September 20, 1940
1142:September 27, 1940
1059:
600:Gdynia-America Line
522:
494:Heinrich Bleichrodt
185:Neville Chamberlain
2018:theyworkforyou.com
1865:. Hachette Books.
1708:Llanstephan Castle
1520:Sir Ronald Lindsay
1464:, O.B.E., Y.M.C.A.
1436:Florence Horsbrugh
1308:Union Castle Line
1233:
1165:Llanstephan Castle
1154:51 boys, 38 girls
1120:45 boys, 44 girls
1057:
975:46 boys, 44 girls
963:Torpedoed Sep. 17
903:16 boys, 18 girls
653:70 boys, 84 girls
583:39 boys, 43 girls
520:
492:, Kapitänleutnant
479:Operation Sea Lion
310:on 29 August with
276:
31:
1822:Hansard June 1940
1620:978-0-7524-9011-3
1490:Save the Children
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1391:in Convoy OB 219
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1171:Union Castle Line
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783:October 20, 1940
607:October 16, 1940
475:Battle of Britain
461:End of the scheme
197:assault on France
193:Winston Churchill
179:, and threatened
167:that overran the
157:SS Athenia (1922)
129:Eleanor Roosevelt
47:Battle of Britain
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736:Duchess of York
638:August 6, 1940
604:August 5, 1940
571:August 3, 1940
510:
498:City of Benares
471:Royal Air Force
467:City of Benares
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444:The sinking of
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399:City of Benares
378:City of Benares
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366:City of Benares
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271:City of Benares
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252:City of Benares
231:, wife of King
229:Queen Elizabeth
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151:Prelude to CORB
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368:
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335:and Norwegian
289:
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189:Prime Minister
152:
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391:convoy OB 213
389:. She was in
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312:convoy OB 205
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2017:
2008:
2003:Fethney p304
1999:
1988:
1979:
1974:Fethney p148
1970:
1962:
1958:
1946:. Retrieved
1942:
1932:
1920:. Retrieved
1915:
1906:
1894:. Retrieved
1890:
1881:
1861:
1854:
1845:
1836:
1831:Brendon p278
1827:
1806:
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1779:
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1404:New Zealand
1396:
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1340:Commonwealth
1333:
1302:
1271:
1258:Destination
1235:
1224:45 children
1200:
1164:
1151:New Zealand
1130:
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1081:Destination
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1011:18 children
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914:Newfoundland
913:
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864:New Zealand
841:
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544:Destination
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246:Sinkings of
241:
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154:
133:
115:(AFSC) (the
109:Vichy France
101:
98:
87:
84:
76:Commonwealth
73:
69:
55:
43:World War II
38:
34:
32:
18:
1783:Calder p139
1774:Calder p129
1462:Cyril Bavin
1448:J. Westwood
1423:Thomas Cook
1022:Nova Scotia
329:Bassethound
216:War Cabinet
169:Netherlands
27:New Zealand
2098:Categories
1948:9 November
1922:9 November
1896:9 November
1726:References
1430:Lord Snell
1221:Cape Town
1218:Liverpool
1039:Liverpool
1008:Australia
1005:Liverpool
969:Liverpool
933:Liverpool
897:Liverpool
861:Liverpool
825:Liverpool
792:Australia
789:Liverpool
755:Liverpool
719:Liverpool
683:Liverpool
647:Liverpool
613:Liverpool
577:Liverpool
333:Valldemosa
292:First was
177:Luxembourg
165:blitzkrieg
138:, British
80:Parliament
1749:cite book
1378:Rangitane
1357:children
1334:Largs Bay
1148:Greenock
1114:Greenock
972:Montreal
842:Rangitata
451:Admiralty
440:Reactions
430:HMS
424:Hurricane
422:HMS
341:HMS
331:, tanker
318:Rangitata
316:RMS
308:Liverpool
263:HMS
233:George VI
1589:See also
1492:'s Fund.
1401:Gourock
1397:sailing
1385:Company
1361:Gourock
1317:Gourock
1286:Gourock
1264:Escorts
1238:Sinking
1087:Escorts
1042:Halifax
806:Volendam
580:Halifax
550:Escorts
403:flagship
401:was the
387:Montreal
359:Volendam
352:Volendam
348:Greenock
299:Volendam
287:Volendam
248:Volendam
134:In 1941
1798:gwu.edu
1686:Antonia
1682:Oronsay
1636:Sources
1474:Cadbury
1289:Canada
1215:OB 211
1181:OB 203
1145:OB 199
1131:Ruahine
1117:Canada
1111:OB 199
1075:Convoy
1047:girls)
1036:OB 217
1002:OB 215
966:OB 213
936:Canada
930:OB 210
900:Canada
894:OB 210
878:Nerissa
858:OB 205
828:Canada
822:OB 205
786:OB 203
758:Canada
722:Canada
700:Antonia
686:Canada
664:Oronsay
650:Canada
644:OB 194
616:Sydney
574:OB 189
538:Convoy
514:Gourock
455:Benares
446:Benares
432:Anthony
417:Benares
405:of the
395:Rockall
304:Halifax
280:U-boats
265:Anthony
173:Belgium
117:Quakers
1869:
1618:
1460:Major
1095:Bayano
986:Diomed
772:Nestor
630:Hilary
594:Batory
558:Anselm
383:Quebec
191:, and
181:France
175:, and
119:- see
90:Hoover
29:, 1940
1688:, SS
1684:, SS
1452:Miss
1434:Miss
1255:From
1246:Line
1243:Ship
1078:From
1066:Line
1063:Ship
541:From
529:Line
526:Ship
343:Sabre
94:Kodak
1950:2018
1924:2018
1898:2018
1867:ISBN
1755:link
1616:ISBN
1565:Mr.
1544:Sir
1446:Mr.
1440:Mr.
1376:RMS
1129:RMS
1020:RMS
912:RMS
840:RMS
770:TSS
698:RMS
628:RMS
610:WS2
502:U-48
490:U-48
412:U-48
385:and
324:U-60
250:and
92:and
39:CORB
33:The
1710:) l
1410:NA
1370:NA
1367:NA
1332:SS
1326:NA
1301:SS
1295:NA
1270:SS
1227:NA
1212:NA
1199:SS
1193:31
1184:NA
1163:SS
1123:10
1093:SS
1051:NA
1033:NA
1014:NA
999:NA
984:SS
978:10
948:SS
942:NA
927:NA
891:NA
876:SS
870:15
834:31
804:SS
798:10
764:43
752:ZA
734:SS
728:25
716:ZA
692:35
680:ZA
662:SS
656:15
641:NA
622:51
592:MS
586:10
556:SS
296:'s
2100::
2016:.
1941:.
1914:.
1889:.
1815:^
1796:.
1763:^
1751:}}
1747:{{
1692:)
1577:).
1516:).
1510:).
1157:9
906:4
375:'
282:.
183:.
171:,
53:.
2048:.
2034:.
2020:.
1952:.
1926:.
1900:.
1875:.
1849:I
1800:.
1757:)
1701:)
1660:)
1538:.
1532:.
1482:.
37:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
