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475:(FSB). Requests to resources not directly controlled by the northbridge were offloaded to the southbridge, with the northbridge being an intermediary between the processor and the southbridge. The southbridge handled "everything else", generally lower-speed peripherals and board functions (the largest being hard disk and storage connectivity) such as USB, parallel and serial communications. In 1990s and early 2000s, the interface between a northbridge and southbridge was the PCI bus.
251:
507:(FCH). The PCH is still called a chipset. This is an enhanced southbridge for the remaining peripherals—as traditional northbridge duties, such as memory controller, expansion bus (PCIe) interface and even on-board video controller, are integrated into the CPU die itself (the chipset often contains secondary PCIe connections though). However, the Platform Controller Hub was also integrated into the processor package as a second die for mobile variants of the
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and SATA ports and connects to the CPU with a PCIe connection. In these systems all PCIe connections are routed directly to the CPU. The UMI interface previously used by AMD for communicating with the FCH is replaced with a PCIe connection. Technically the processor can operate without a chipset; it only continues to be present for interfacing with low speed I/O. AMD server CPUs adopt a self contained
33:
482:, PCI or integrated into the motherboard — was directly controlled by the northbridge IC on behalf of the processor. This made processor performance highly dependent on the system chipset, especially the northbridge's memory performance and ability to shuttle this information back to the processor. In 2003, however, AMD's introduction of the
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series of processors changed this. The Athlon 64 marked the introduction of an integrated memory controller being incorporated into the processor itself thus allowing the processor to directly access and handle memory, negating the need for a traditional northbridge to do so. Intel followed suit
470:
Traditionally in x86 computers, the processor's primary connection to the rest of the machine was through the motherboard chipset's northbridge. The northbridge was directly responsible for communications with high-speed devices (system memory and primary expansion buses, such as PCIe, AGP, and PCI
514:
AMD's FCH has been discontinued since the release of the
Carrizo series of CPUs as it has been integrated into the same die as the rest of the CPU. However, since the release of the Zen architecture, there's still a component called a chipset which only handles relatively low speed I/O such as USB
498:
In newer processors integration has further increased, primarily through the inclusion of the system's primary PCIe controller and integrated graphics directly on the CPU itself. As fewer functions are left un-handled by the processor, chipset vendors have condensed the remaining northbridge and
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pioneered the manufacturing of chipsets for PC-compatible computers. Computer systems produced since then often share commonly used chipsets, even across widely disparate computing specialties. For example, the
462:
387:
in Tempe, Arizona. Some of their innovations included the integration of PCI bridge logic, the GraphiCore 2D graphics accelerator and direct support for synchronous DRAM, the forerunner of
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cards, being common examples) and conversely any system communication back to the processor. This connection between the processor and northbridge is commonly designated the
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778:
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720:"MSI Z790 motherboards reportedly failing with cracked PCH chipset — a manufacturing error may have affected a few hundred units (Updated)"
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187:. Because it controls communications between the processor and external devices, the chipset plays a crucial role in determining
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Before 2003, any interaction between a CPU and main memory or an expansion device such as a graphics card(s) — whether
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Motherboards and their chipsets often come from different manufacturers. As of 2021, manufacturers of chipsets for
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Combined means that the given socket is supported by all platforms, including desktop, mobile, and server.
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https://www.amd.com/system/files/documents/4th-gen-epyc-processor-architecture-white-paper.pdf
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laptop motherboard showing the CPU, GPU, Northbridge (NB), and
Southbridge (SB)
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635:"Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Gen 3 review: I finally don't feel the need to upgrade"
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of computers. Chipsets are usually designed to work with a specific family of
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649:"Qualcomm Announces Snapdragon 8s Gen 3: A Cheaper Chip for Premium Phones"
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southbridge functions into a single chip. Intel's version of this is the "
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975:
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779:"AMD Zen 4 Ryzen 9 7950X and Ryzen 5 7600X Review: Retaking the High-End"
346:
283:
216:
538:). These can also be used for connecting from a processor to a chipset.
17:
1784:
1623:
921:
844:"AMD 3rd Gen EPYC Milan Review: A Peak vs Per Core Performance Balance"
531:
411:
377:
321:. The northbridge links the CPU to very high-speed devices, especially
793:"The AMD Zen and Ryzen 7 Review: A Deep Dive on 1800X, 1700X and 1700"
274:, game consoles, and arcade hardware of the 1980s and 1990s, the term
1901:
1493:
1335:
908:
488:
410:, even though they were ASICs designed by Apple. After the switch to
522:
The northbridge to southbridge interconnect interfaces used now are
430:). When Apple switched to Intel they used traditional PC chipsets.
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341:). In many modern chipsets, the southbridge contains some on-chip
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often refers to a specific pair of chips on the motherboard: the
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In the 1990s, a major designer and manufacturer of chipsets was
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819:"Supermicro M11SDV-4C-LN4F Review mITX AMD EPYC 3151 Platform"
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26:
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329:, and the southbridge connects to lower-speed peripheral
191:. Sometimes the term "chipset" is used to describe a
738:"The Haswell Ultrabook Review: Core i7-4500U Tested"
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Intel Cannon Lake
Platform Controller Hub (PCH) die
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
765:"AMD at ISSCC 2015: Carrizo and Excavator Details"
140:E2220 2.40 GHz on an Intel D945GCCR motherboard (
129:Electronic component to manage data flow of a CPU
519:design instead which doesn't require a chipset.
446:interface to storage devices, could be found in
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8:
866:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
454:, embedded devices, and personal computers.
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117:Learn how and when to remove this message
458:Move toward processor integration in PCs
211:commonly refers to a set of specialized
131:
664:"Chipset Basics: Meaning And Functions"
626:
503:" (PCH) while AMD's version was called
859:
179:. The chipset is usually found on the
254:Diagram of the original Amiga chipset
7:
569:Comparison of Nvidia nForce chipsets
442:, a low-cost chipset implementing a
305:-based personal computers, the term
55:adding citations to reliable sources
842:Cutress, Andrei Frumusanu, Dr Ian.
691:Wasson, Scott (23 September 2003).
25:
662:Schmid, Patrick (16 July 2002).
548:
487:in 2008 with the release of its
31:
817:Kennedy, Patrick (2019-04-08).
42:needs additional citations for
1350:(framebuffer in system memory)
564:Acer Laboratories Incorporated
195:(SoC) used in a mobile phone.
136:Intel i945GC Northbridge with
1:
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609:Very-large-scale integration
286:chips. Examples include the
231:, the first chipset for the
693:"AMD's Athlon 64 processor"
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599:Silicon Integrated Systems
406:series used chipsets from
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1555:RSX 'Reality Synthesizer'
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1190:Software and technologies
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278:was used for the custom
151:In a computer system, a
1342:Scalable Link Interface
1308:(variable refresh rate)
1200:Multimedia acceleration
501:Platform Controller Hub
138:Intel Pentium Dual-Core
2288:Fusion Controller Hubs
1364:GPU microarchitectures
1356:(live video upscaling)
1354:Video Super Resolution
1274:(ray tracing platform)
1104:Unified shaders &
584:List of Intel chipsets
467:
435:Chips and Technologies
343:integrated peripherals
288:Original Amiga chipset
267:
255:
241:Chips and Technologies
148:
2240:CrossFire Xpress 3200
1795:Mellanox Technologies
505:Fusion Controller Hub
465:
450:machines such as the
364:motherboards include
261:
253:
157:electronic components
135:
2231:IGP 300 series/RX380
1866:sockets and chipsets
940:Fixed pixel pipeline
579:List of ATI chipsets
574:List of AMD chipsets
491:series CPUs and the
327:graphics controllers
51:improve this article
2370:Integrated circuits
1278:Nvidia System Tools
424:Lucent Technologies
161:integrated circuits
2245:Radeon Xpress 1250
2212:ATI / AMD chipsets
1285:(video decode API)
1238:(shading language)
1151:& tensor cores
637:. 20 January 2024.
468:
268:
256:
229:personal computers
189:system performance
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2235:Radeon Xpress 200
2201:
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1720:Chris Malachowsky
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1600:Shield Android TV
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1254:(ray tracing API)
1180:
1179:
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990:
989:
930:
848:www.anandtech.com
734:Shimpi, Anand Lal
416:Texas Instruments
163:that manages the
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16:(Redirected from
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2181:Combined sockets
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1780:Cumulus Networks
1775:Bright Computing
1760:3dfx Interactive
1705:
1694:
1575:
1563:
1551:
1480:
1469:
1300:Nvidia 3D Vision
1266:Nvidia Omniverse
1247:Nvidia GameWorks
1221:(video decoding)
1215:(video decoding)
1209:(video encoding)
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426:(later known as
374:VIA Technologies
235:of 1984 was the
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1742:Ranga Jayaraman
1739:Debora Shoquist
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1590:Shield Portable
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1572:Nintendo Switch
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1332:(module/socket)
1326:(module/socket)
1320:(multi-monitor)
1318:Nvidia Surround
1314:(GPU switching)
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1057:Unified shaders
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722:. 2 April 2024.
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698:The Tech Report
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408:VLSI Technology
385:VLSI Technology
262:Part of an IBM
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185:microprocessors
159:on one or more
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2303:sTRX4 chipsets
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2138:(not released)
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2113:Server sockets
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2014:Mobile sockets
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669:Tom's Hardware
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517:system on chip
473:front-side bus
459:
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433:In the 1980s,
402:and later the
272:home computers
225:expansion card
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193:system on chip
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511:processors.
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107:November 2017
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
2313:AM5 chipsets
2298:TR4 chipsets
2293:AM4 chipsets
2255:AMD chipsets
2224:ATI chipsets
1805:PortalPlayer
1753:Acquisitions
1725:Curtis Priem
1667:
1617:and embedded
1567:Tegra NX-SoC
1519:Nvidia Tesla
1441:Ada Lovelace
1293:Technologies
927:List of GPUs
851:. Retrieved
847:
837:
826:. Retrieved
823:ServeTheHome
822:
812:
801:
787:
773:
759:
747:. Retrieved
741:
728:
714:
702:. Retrieved
696:
686:
674:. Retrieved
667:
657:
643:
629:
615:VIA chipsets
556:Amiga portal
521:
513:
497:
477:
469:
432:
400:Macintosh II
396:Macintosh SE
393:
382:
359:
316:
310:
306:
300:
275:
269:
264:ThinkPad T42
237:NEAT chipset
208:
202:
167:between the
155:is a set of
152:
150:
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
2365:Motherboard
1878:AMD sockets
1605:GeForce Now
1499:Quadro Plex
1485:Workstation
1344:(multi-GPU)
1302:(stereo 3D)
1149:Ray tracing
1114:GeForce 600
996:GeForce 256
948:Pre-GeForce
604:Southbridge
589:Northbridge
452:MIPS Magnum
318:southbridge
312:northbridge
245:Intel 80286
221:motherboard
207:, the term
181:motherboard
177:peripherals
145: 2007
2354:Categories
2268:690 Series
1735:Bill Dally
1730:David Kirk
1708:Key people
1536:components
1371:Fahrenheit
1348:TurboCache
1338:(protocol)
1272:Nvidia RTX
1158:GeForce 20
853:2024-08-18
828:2024-08-18
749:5 December
704:5 December
495:platform.
394:The Apple
345:, such as
77:newspapers
1666:Computer
1483:Graphics
1446:Blackwell
1219:PureVideo
1065:GeForce 8
1028:GeForce 3
743:AnandTech
484:Athlon 64
440:NCR 53C9x
420:LSI Logic
389:DDR SDRAM
357:devices.
333:(such as
298:chipset.
296:System 16
233:IBM PC AT
205:computing
199:Computers
169:processor
165:data flow
66:"Chipset"
2360:Chipsets
2283:9-Series
2278:8-Series
2273:7-Series
2188:Socket A
1668:chipsets
1229:Software
976:RIVA TNT
971:RIVA 128
862:cite web
542:See also
391:memory.
347:Ethernet
315:and the
284:graphics
243:for the
217:computer
18:Chipsets
1785:DeepMap
1698:Company
1624:GoForce
1534:Console
1411:Maxwell
1386:Rankine
1376:Celsius
1022:shaders
922:GeForce
676:14 June
672:. Purch
611:or VLSI
509:Skylake
412:PowerPC
404:Quadras
378:Zhaoxin
307:chipset
276:chipset
209:chipset
153:chipset
91:scholar
2190:(2000)
2173:(2023)
2167:(2022)
2161:(2018)
2155:(2017)
2149:(2010)
2127:(2006)
2105:(2023)
2094:(2022)
2088:(2020)
2077:(2019)
2071:(2016)
2065:(2015)
2059:(2014)
2043:(2012)
2037:(2011)
2031:(2006)
2006:(2023)
2000:(2022)
1994:(2020)
1988:(2019)
1982:(2017)
1976:(2016)
1970:(2014)
1964:(2014)
1958:(2012)
1952:(2011)
1946:(2011)
1940:(2009)
1934:(2007)
1928:(2006)
1922:(2003)
1916:(2004)
1910:(2003)
1904:(1999)
1902:Slot A
1898:(1998)
1815:Stexar
1812:MediaQ
1809:Exluna
1676:nForce
1634:Jetson
1436:Hopper
1431:Ampere
1426:Turing
1416:Pascal
1406:Kepler
1381:Kelvin
1336:NVLink
1016:Vertex
994:
909:Nvidia
530:) and
489:Core i
353:, and
223:or an
173:memory
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
1992:sWRX8
1986:sTRX4
1790:Icera
1765:Ageia
1639:Tegra
1629:Drive
1511:GPGPU
1487:cards
1451:Rubin
1421:Volta
1401:Fermi
1396:Tesla
1391:Curie
1283:VDPAU
1258:PhysX
1252:OptiX
1213:NVDEC
1207:NVENC
1020:pixel
621:Notes
528:Intel
370:Intel
355:audio
331:buses
280:audio
247:CPU.
227:. In
215:on a
213:chips
98:JSTOR
84:books
2004:sTR5
1962:FM2+
1944:AM3+
1932:AM2+
1649:CPUs
1615:SoCs
1548:Xbox
1543:NV2A
1242:CUDA
1124:800M
1106:NUMA
1033:4 Ti
1018:and
1006:4 MX
981:TNT2
868:link
751:2022
706:2022
678:2018
448:Unix
444:SCSI
376:and
325:and
292:Sega
290:and
282:and
175:and
70:news
2171:SP6
2165:SP5
2159:SP4
2153:SP3
2147:C32
2142:G34
2120:940
2103:FL1
2098:FP8
2092:FP7
2086:FP6
2081:FT5
2075:FP5
2069:FT4
2063:FP4
2057:FP3
2052:FT3
2047:FS1
2041:FP2
2035:FT1
2025:754
2021:563
1998:AM5
1980:TR4
1974:AM4
1968:AM1
1956:FM2
1950:FM1
1938:AM3
1926:AM2
1920:940
1914:939
1908:754
1864:AMD
1770:ULi
1524:DGX
1330:SXM
1324:MXM
1129:900
1119:700
1095:500
1090:400
1085:300
1080:200
1075:100
962:NV2
957:NV1
536:AMD
532:UMI
524:DMI
493:X58
480:AGP
422:or
366:AMD
362:x86
351:USB
339:ISA
337:or
335:PCI
323:RAM
303:x86
301:In
294:'s
270:In
219:'s
203:In
53:by
2356::
2136:G3
2131:F+
2029:S1
1236:Cg
1168:40
1163:30
1139:16
1134:10
1038:FX
864:}}
860:{{
846:.
821:.
740:.
695:.
666:.
418:,
398:,
380:.
372:,
368:,
349:,
171:,
142:c.
2125:F
1856:e
1849:t
1842:v
1574:)
1570:(
1562:)
1558:(
1550:)
1546:(
1070:9
1048:7
1043:6
1001:2
929:)
925:(
901:e
894:t
887:v
870:)
856:.
831:.
795:.
781:.
767:.
753:.
708:.
680:.
651:.
534:(
526:(
147:)
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
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