227:
29:
389:
3823:
915:
923:
1065:, and regulation of Ace2p (transcription factor) and cellular morphogenesis (RAM) signalling networks. Overall, the integration of the different regulatory networks allows for the cell wall degrading chitinase to function dependent on the cell's stage in the cell cycle and at specific locations among the daughter cells.
939:
Like cellulose, chitin is an abundant biopolymer that is relatively resistant to degradation. Many mammals can digest chitin and the specific chitinase levels in vertebrate species are adapted to their feeding behaviours. Certain fish are able to digest chitin. Chitinases have been isolated from the
999:
Regulation varies from species to species, and within an organism, chitinases with different physiological functions would be under different regulation mechanisms. For example, chitinases that are involved in maintenance, such as remodeling the cell wall, are constitutively expressed. However,
717:
as part of systemic acquired resistance. Expression is mediated by the NPR1 gene and the salicylic acid pathway, both involved in resistance to fungal and insect attack. Other plant chitinases may be required for creating fungal symbioses.
2261:"The chitinase 3-like protein human cartilage glycoprotein 39 (HC-gp39) stimulates proliferation of human connective-tissue cells and activates both extracellular signal-regulated kinase- and protein kinase B-mediated signalling pathways"
986:(worms have chitinous mouthparts to hold the intestinal wall). Finally, the link between chitinases and salicylic acid in plants is well established—but there is a hypothetical link between salicylic acid and allergies in humans.
786:
Chitinases were also classified based on the amino acid sequences, as that would be more helpful in understanding the evolutionary relationships of these enzymes to each other. Therefore, the chitinases were grouped into three
803:. Both families 18 and 19 consists of endochitinases from a variety of different organisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, insect, and plants. However, family 19 mainly comprises plant chitinases. Family 20 includes
1079:, bananas, chestnuts, kiwifruit, avocados, papaya, and tomatoes, for example, all contain significant levels of chitinase, as defense against fungal and invertebrate attack. Stress, or environmental signals like
1478:
Waniska RD, Venkatesha RT, Chandrashekar A, Krishnaveni S, Bejosano FP, Jeoung J, et al. (October 2001). "Antifungal proteins and other mechanisms in the control of sorghum stalk rot and grain mold".
2654:
Palmas C, Gabriele F, Conchedda M, Bortoletti G, Ecca AR (June 2003). "Causality or coincidence: may the slow disappearance of helminths be responsible for the imbalances in immune control mechanisms?".
889:
chitinases had similar characteristics, including the immunological properties, as Class I chitinases. However, Class IV chitinases were significantly smaller in size compared to Class I chitinases.
817:
And as the gene sequences of the chitinases were known, they were further classified into six classes based on their sequences. Characteristics that determined the classes of chitinases were the
721:
Although mammals do not produce chitin, they have two functional chitinases, Chitotriosidase (CHIT1) and acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase), as well as chitinase-like proteins (such as
1057:
and the protein has to localize at the daughter site of the septum. And to do this, there must be coordination with other networks controlling the different phases of the cell, such as
2529:
Chupp GL, Lee CG, Jarjour N, Shim YM, Holm CT, He S, Dziura JD, Reed J, Coyle AJ, Kiener P, Cullen M, Grandsaigne M, Dombret MC, Aubier M, Pretolani M, Elias JA (November 2007).
2478:
Zhu Z, Zheng T, Homer RJ, Kim YK, Chen NY, Cohn L, Hamid Q, Elias JA (June 2004). "Acidic mammalian chitinase in asthmatic Th2 inflammation and IL-13 pathway activation".
2984:
Gatehouse AM, Davison GM, Newell CA, Merryweather A, Hamilton WD, Burgess EP, et al. (1997). "Transgenic potato plants with enhanced resistance to the tomato moth,
751:) act on the non-reducing end of the chitin microfibril, releasing the dimer, di-acetylchitobiose, one by one from the chitin chain. Therefore, there is no release of
181:
553:
chitodextrinase, 1,4-β-poly-N-acetylglucosaminidase, poly-β-glucosaminidase, β-1,4-poly-N-acetyl glucosamidinase, poly glycanohydrolase, (1→4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-
1102:
Chitinases have a wealth of applications, some of which have already been realized by industry. This includes bio-conversion of chitin to useful products such as
873:-terminal but had a similar sequence to Class I chitinases. Class II chitinases were found in plants, fungi, and bacteria and mostly consisted of exochitinases.
425:
263:
200:
3160:
2400:
Zhao J, Zhu H, Wong CH, Leung KY, Wong WS (July 2005). "Increased lungkine and chitinase levels in allergic airway inflammation: a proteomics approach".
2220:"Human cartilage gp-39, a major secretory product of articular chondrocytes and synovial cells, is a mammalian member of a chitinase protein family"
911:-terminal seemed to have been lost during evolution, probably due to less selection pressure that caused the catalytic domain to lose its function.
615:), chitinases are generally found in organisms that either need to reshape their own chitin or dissolve and digest the chitin of fungi or animals.
1959:
1537:
1199:
3843:
738:
products. The multimer products includes di-acetylchitobiose, chitotriose, and chitotetraose, with the dimer being the predominant product.
3133:
1975:"Chitin digestibility is dependent on feeding behaviors, which determine acidic chitinase mRNA levels in mammalian and poultry stomachs"
449:
287:
2308:
van Eijk M, van Roomen CP, Renkema GH, Bussink AP, Andrews L, Blommaart EF, Sugar A, Verhoeven AJ, Boot RG, Aerts JM (November 2005).
710:
3542:
2030:
Gutowska MA, Drazen JC, Robison BH (November 2004). "Digestive chitinolytic activity in marine fishes of
Monterey Bay, California".
1570:
734:
Endochitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) randomly split chitin at internal sites of the chitin microfibril, forming soluble, low molecular mass
2999:
1153:
Possible future applications of chitinases are as food additives to increase shelf life, therapeutic agent for asthma and chronic
1090:
or other proteins in rubber latex due to their similar function in plant defense, may trigger an allergic cross-reaction known as
2443:
Elias JA, Homer RJ, Hamid Q, Lee CG (September 2005). "Chitinases and chitinase-like proteins in T(H)2 inflammation and asthma".
437:
275:
193:
2932:
Nelson B, Kurischko C, Horecka J, Mody M, Nair P, Pratt L, Zougman A, McBroom LD, Hughes TR, Boone C, Luca FC (September 2003).
661:, also possess degradative chitinases related to their role as detritivores and also to their potential as arthropod pathogens.
3424:
714:
268:
2744:
Langner T, Göhre V (May 2016). "Fungal chitinases: function, regulation, and potential roles in plant/pathogen interactions".
430:
3153:
1577:
1001:
160:
136:
3698:
3436:
1379:
800:
796:
792:
3813:
2075:
Paoletti MG, Norberto L, Damini R, Musumeci S (2007). "Human gastric juice contains chitinase that can degrade chitin".
788:
1000:
chitinases that have specialized functions, such as degrading exogenous chitin or participating in cell division, need
3283:
3037:
226:
1440:
3683:
2990:
3799:
3786:
3773:
3760:
3747:
3734:
3721:
3494:
3182:
3146:
1488:
1377:
Muthukrishnan S, Liang GH, Trick HN, Gill BS (2001). "Pathogenesis-related proteins and their genes in cereals".
3693:
2120:"Purification and characterization of human chitotriosidase, a novel member of the chitinase family of proteins"
990:
154:
3647:
3590:
3173:
3127:
2314:
1029:
767:
745:
706:
679:
545:
59:
2934:"RAM: a conserved signaling network that regulates Ace2p transcriptional activity and polarized morphogenesis"
849:
localization. And then, Class I chitinases were further subdivided based on their acidic or basic nature into
773:) split the multimer products, such as di-acetylchitobiose, chitotriose, and chitotetraose, into monomers of
141:
3595:
3346:
1431:
861:, respectively. Class 1 chitinases were found to comprise only plant chitinases and mostly endochitinases.
3509:
3254:
2039:
1637:"Potential role of chitinase 3-like-1 in inflammation-associated carcinogenic changes of epithelial cells"
1215:
Sámi L, Pusztahelyi T, Emri T, Varecza Z, Fekete A, Grallert A, Karanyi Z, Kiss L, Pócsi I (August 2001).
1012:
808:
280:
28:
2351:
Bierbaum S, Nickel R, Koch A, Lau S, Deichmann KA, Wahn U, Superti-Furga A, Heinzmann A (December 2005).
442:
205:
3616:
3535:
1042:
1024:
acetylglucosamine, which would be possibly taken up and triggers up-regulation of the chitinbiosidases.
129:
3688:
709:. Ignatius et al also find these (seed and leaf isozymes) to differ from each other. Some of these are
2570:
Maizels RM (December 2005). "Infections and allergy - helminths, hygiene and host immune regulation".
1020:
acetylglucosaminidase, and the data indicates a feedback-loop where the break down of chitin produces
388:
3468:
3419:
2487:
1986:
1330:
1273:
903:
chitinases are not well characterized. However, one example of a Class V chitinase showed two chitin
495:
333:
2044:
1139:
3652:
3363:
3351:
3186:
1158:
774:
157:
34:
1691:"Chitinases of fungi and plants: their involvement in morphogenesis and host—parasite interaction"
81:
3585:
3407:
3402:
3380:
3368:
3207:
3019:
2914:
2885:"Yeast Cbk1 and Mob2 activate daughter-specific genetic programs to induce asymmetric cell fates"
2820:
2769:
2723:
2680:
2636:
2511:
2425:
2100:
1879:
1712:
1590:
Salzer P, Bonanomi A, Beyer K, Vögeli-Lange R, Aeschbacher RA, Lange J, et al. (July 2000).
1551:
1543:
1460:
1408:
1075:
983:
702:
337:
2353:"Polymorphisms and haplotypes of acid mammalian chitinase are associated with bronchial asthma"
3848:
3375:
3249:
3102:
3011:
2963:
2906:
2865:
2812:
2761:
2715:
2672:
2628:
2587:
2552:
2503:
2460:
2417:
2382:
2333:
2290:
2241:
2200:
2151:
2092:
2057:
2012:
1973:
Tabata E, Kashimura A, Kikuchi A, Masuda H, Miyahara R, Hiruma Y, et al. (January 2018).
1920:
1871:
1836:
1791:
1668:
1617:
1573:
1566:
1533:
1500:
1452:
1400:
1356:
1299:
1242:
1195:
690:
686:
670:
398:
236:
148:
40:
2310:"Characterization of human phagocyte-derived chitotriosidase, a component of innate immunity"
3853:
3631:
3626:
3600:
3528:
3385:
3271:
3092:
3082:
3003:
2953:
2945:
2896:
2855:
2804:
2787:
Brunner K, Peterbauer CK, Mach RL, Lorito M, Zeilinger S, Kubicek CP (July 2003). "The Nag1
2753:
2707:
2664:
2618:
2579:
2542:
2495:
2452:
2409:
2372:
2364:
2323:
2280:
2272:
2231:
2190:
2182:
2141:
2131:
2084:
2049:
2002:
1994:
1955:
1910:
1863:
1826:
1818:
1783:
1743:
1702:
1658:
1648:
1607:
1525:
1492:
1444:
1392:
1346:
1338:
1289:
1281:
1232:
1221:
cultures under carbon starvation: Chitinase production and antifungal effect of allosamidin"
1147:
1087:
959:
Chitinases production in the human body (known as "human chitinases") may be in response to
490:
328:
1915:
1898:
117:
3678:
3662:
3575:
3505:
1388:
1123:
1119:
756:
572:
519:
357:
1774:
Patil RS, Ghormade V, Deshpande MV (April 2000). "Chitinolytic enzymes: an exploration".
1157:, as an anti-fungal remedy, an anti-tumor drug and as a general ingredient to be used in
499:
93:
2491:
1990:
1334:
1277:
926:
Exochitinase breaking down chitin into dimers via chitobiosidase and monomers via β-1,4-
770:
748:
548:
64:
3827:
3716:
3657:
3446:
3358:
3195:
3138:
3097:
3070:
2711:
2377:
2352:
2285:
2260:
2032:
Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology
2007:
1974:
1831:
1810:
1707:
1690:
1663:
1636:
1518:
Basra, A.S. (2007). "3. Seed
Ecology Chapter 16. Natural defense mechanisms in seeds".
1351:
1318:
1294:
1261:
1154:
1115:
904:
826:
822:
752:
176:
2958:
2933:
2901:
2884:
2860:
2839:
2795:
is essential for chitinase induction by chitin and of major relevance to biocontrol".
2236:
2219:
2195:
2170:
1938:
Akaki C, Duke GE (2005). "Apparent chitin digestibilities in the
Eastern screech owl (
1787:
3837:
3621:
3580:
3392:
3321:
3304:
3123:
2623:
2606:
2531:"A chitinase-like protein in the lung and circulation of patients with severe asthma"
2186:
1464:
1285:
1111:
1107:
1091:
1046:
624:
3023:
2824:
2773:
2727:
2684:
2640:
2515:
2429:
2104:
1897:
Collinge DB, Kragh KM, Mikkelsen JD, Nielsen KK, Rasmussen U, Vad K (January 1993).
1883:
1716:
1555:
1412:
304:
3570:
3236:
3069:
Hamid R, Khan MA, Ahmad M, Ahmad MM, Abdin MZ, Musarrat J, Javed S (January 2013).
1811:"A classification of glycosyl hydrolases based on amino acid sequence similarities"
1062:
656:
3134:
The X-ray structure of a chitinase from the pathogenic fungus
Coccidioides immitis
2918:
1519:
970:
Human chitinases may explain the link between some of the most common allergies (
466:
3794:
3729:
3565:
3463:
3429:
3397:
2607:"Review article: helminths as therapeutic agents for inflammatory bowel disease"
1960:
10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19990301/01)283:4/5<387::AID-JEZ8>3.0.CO;2-W
1854:
Flach J, Pilet PE, Jollès P (August 1992). "What's new in chitinase research?".
1143:
1127:
1038:
1009:
881:
chitinases did not have similar sequences to chitinases in Class I or Class II.
648:
604:
529:
367:
3822:
2456:
2118:
Renkema GH, Boot RG, Muijsers AO, Donker-Koopman WE, Aerts JM (February 1995).
2053:
1998:
1612:
1591:
3473:
3441:
3007:
2808:
2757:
2583:
2368:
1396:
1103:
640:
473:
311:
3087:
3015:
1456:
1404:
3768:
3742:
3244:
3221:
3211:
3169:
2949:
2499:
2328:
2309:
1170:
1131:
971:
960:
948:
644:
612:
596:
3106:
3045:
2967:
2910:
2816:
2765:
2676:
2632:
2591:
2556:
2507:
2464:
2421:
2413:
2386:
2337:
2294:
2136:
2119:
2096:
2061:
2016:
1795:
1672:
1621:
1504:
1360:
1303:
1246:
914:
2869:
2719:
2245:
2204:
2155:
1924:
1875:
1840:
989:
May be used to monitor enzymotherapy supplementation in
Gaucher's disease.
922:
3316:
2547:
2530:
1747:
1342:
1080:
979:
735:
694:
629:
478:
316:
1653:
1547:
1237:
1216:
682:
105:
3299:
3226:
3216:
3203:
2668:
2276:
1867:
1448:
1054:
846:
830:
698:
608:
124:
2146:
2088:
1822:
1596:
roots during mycorrhiza formation, nodulation, and pathogen infection"
1496:
1429:
Gomez L, Allona I, Casado R, Aragoncillo C (2002). "Seed chitinases".
1037:
chitinase 1), one of the chitinases involved in cell separation after
951:. As in plant chitinases this may be related to pathogen resistance.
674:
402:
240:
44:
3781:
3551:
1529:
964:
722:
665:
635:
576:
568:
461:
299:
188:
100:
88:
76:
1319:"Conservation of the chitin utilization pathway in the Vibrionaceae"
1260:
Xiao X, Yin X, Lin J, Sun L, You Z, Wang P, Wang F (December 2005).
1126:
with these qualities are already being produced) and enhancement of
1086:
Some parts of chitinase molecules, almost identical in structure to
234:
acidic mammalian chitinase with bound inhibitor methylallosamidin.
3755:
3478:
3259:
1058:
944:
921:
913:
725:) that have high sequence similarity but lack chitinase activity.
600:
396:
chitotriosidase bound with two molecules of inhibitor allosamidin
2698:
Feingold BF (March 1975). "Food additives in clinical medicine".
1635:
Eurich K, Segawa M, Toei-Shimizu S, Mizoguchi E (November 2009).
3456:
3451:
3412:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3276:
3264:
1262:"Chitinase genes in lake sediments of Ardley Island, Antarctica"
975:
454:
292:
112:
3524:
3142:
1049:, there must be tight regulation and activation. Specifically,
705:). Ignatius et al 1994(b) find these in the leaves, induced by
741:
Exochitinases have also been divided into two sub categories:
1053:
expression has to be activated in daughter cells during late
907:
in tandem, and based on the gene sequence, the cysteine-rich
651:
or fungi or they may degrade the remains of these organisms.
2840:"Chitinase is required for cell separation during growth of
591:-glucosaminide (1→4)-β-linkages in chitin and chitodextrins
3520:
2357:
American
Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
1372:
1370:
918:
Endochitinase breaking down chitin into multimer products.
967:
has been linked to enhanced chitinase expression levels.
2979:
2977:
845:-terminal, leucine- or valine-rich signal peptide, and
1317:
Hunt DE, Gevers D, Vahora NM, Polz MF (January 2008).
1083:
gas, may stimulate increased production of chitinase.
3811:
1734:: Purification of Chitobiosidase and Endochitinase".
1592:"Differential expression of eight chitinase genes in
664:
Chitinases are also present in plants – for example
38:
chitinase A dimer with bound inhibitor allosamidin.
3707:
3671:
3640:
3609:
3558:
3493:
3292:
3235:
3194:
3181:
2883:Colman-Lerner A, Chin TE, Brent R (December 2001).
525:
515:
510:
489:
484:
472:
460:
448:
436:
424:
416:
411:
381:
363:
353:
348:
327:
322:
310:
298:
286:
274:
262:
254:
249:
219:
199:
187:
175:
170:
147:
135:
123:
111:
99:
87:
75:
70:
58:
53:
21:
2171:"Chitinase activity in human serum and leukocytes"
1424:
1422:
2218:Hakala BE, White C, Recklies AD (December 1993).
1073:Chitinases occur naturally in many common foods.
943:Chitinase activity can also be detected in human
689:in Ignatius et al 1994(a). They find clone 10, a
1045:. As these types of chitinases are important in
974:, mold spores—both of which contain chitin) and
821:-terminal sequence, localization of the enzyme,
3038:"Latex-Fruit Syndrome and Class 2 Food Allergy"
1225:The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology
1106:, the production of non-allergenic, non-toxic,
623:Chitinivorous organisms include many bacteria (
2445:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
3536:
3154:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
8:
3075:Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences
982:) infections, as part of one version of the
807:acetylglucosaminidase and a similar enzyme,
1730:Harman GE (1993). "Chitinolytic Enzymes of
697:during development. Leaves produce several
3543:
3529:
3521:
3191:
3161:
3147:
3139:
2611:Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
2259:Recklies AD, White C, Ling H (July 2002).
1481:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
869:chitinases did not have the cysteine-rich
507:
387:
345:
225:
167:
27:
3126:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
3096:
3086:
3064:
3062:
2957:
2900:
2859:
2622:
2546:
2376:
2327:
2284:
2235:
2194:
2145:
2135:
2043:
2006:
1914:
1830:
1706:
1662:
1652:
1611:
1350:
1293:
1236:
579:. They catalyse the following reaction:
3818:
2838:Kuranda MJ, Robbins PW (October 1991).
1521:Handbook of Seed Science and Technology
1182:
940:stomachs of mammals, including humans.
1916:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1993.t01-1-00999.x
1524:. Scientific Publishers. p. 795.
1323:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
1266:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
1007:The regulation of an endochitinase in
643:or detritivorous. They attack living
378:
216:
18:
2739:
2737:
2169:Escott GM, Adams DJ (December 1995).
1684:
1682:
16:Enzymes which degrade or break chitin
7:
2700:International Journal of Dermatology
2605:Hunter MM, McKay DM (January 2004).
2077:Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism
1600:Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
1380:Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture
685:. Barley seeds are found to produce
607:elements of some animals (including
2848:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2535:The New England Journal of Medicine
2224:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2124:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1689:Sahai AS, Manocha MS (1993-08-01).
1059:Cdc14 Early Anaphase Release (FEAR)
3042:Division of Medical Devices, Japan
2712:10.1111/j.1365-4362.1975.tb01426.x
1708:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1993.tb00004.x
711:pathogenesis related (PR) proteins
14:
1641:World Journal of Gastroenterology
3821:
2624:10.1111/j.0269-2813.2004.01803.x
2187:10.1128/IAI.63.12.4770-4773.1995
1286:10.1128/AEM.71.12.7904-7909.2005
1190:Jollès P, Muzzarelli RA (1999).
595:As chitin is a component of the
3425:Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase
1948:Journal of Experimental Zoology
1776:Enzyme and Microbial Technology
1150:into entirely unrelated crops.
1041:by degrading the chitin of the
1033:and the regulation of ScCts1p (
841:chitinases had a cysteine-rich
639:, among others), which may be
1:
3437:Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase
2938:Molecular Biology of the Cell
2902:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00596-7
2861:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)55057-2
2572:Current Opinion in Immunology
2237:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)74461-5
1809:Henrissat B (December 1991).
1788:10.1016/s0141-0229(00)00134-4
382:chitinase 1 (chitotriosidase)
1942:) and the American kestrel (
561:(1→4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-
3844:Genes on human chromosome 1
1817:. 280 ( Pt 2) (2): 309–16.
1004:of the chitinase activity.
3870:
2791:-acetylglucosaminidase of
2457:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.06.028
2054:10.1016/j.cbpb.2004.09.020
1999:10.1038/s41598-018-19940-8
1613:10.1094/MPMI.2000.13.7.763
1441:Cambridge University Press
1063:mitotic exit network (MEN)
1002:spatio-temporal regulation
583:Random endo-hydrolysis of
3699:Michaelis–Menten kinetics
3000:Springer Science+Business
2809:10.1007/s00294-003-0399-y
2758:10.1007/s00294-015-0530-x
2584:10.1016/j.coi.2005.09.001
2369:10.1164/rccm.200506-890OC
1695:FEMS Microbiology Reviews
1489:American Chemical Society
766:-acetylglucosaminidases (
506:
386:
344:
224:
166:
26:
3591:Diffusion-limited enzyme
3128:Medical Subject Headings
3088:10.4103/0975-7406.106559
2842:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2657:Journal of Helminthology
2315:International Immunology
1217:"Autolysis and aging of
1030:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
565:-glucan glycanohydrolase
557:-glucan glycanohydrolase
3347:Bacterial neuraminidase
3071:"Chitinases: An update"
3008:10.1023/a:1009600321838
2988:: growth room trials".
2950:10.1091/mbc.E03-01-0018
2500:10.1126/science.1095336
2265:The Biochemical Journal
1815:The Biochemical Journal
1397:10.1023/a:1010763506802
1219:Penicillium chrysogenum
930:-acetylglucosaminidase.
701:(as well as several of
3510:Oxoguanine glycosylase
2793:Trichoderma atroviride
2414:10.1002/pmic.200401169
2175:Infection and Immunity
2137:10.1074/jbc.270.5.2198
931:
919:
3684:Eadie–Hofstee diagram
3617:Allosteric regulation
2329:10.1093/intimm/dxh328
1732:Trichoderma harzianum
1432:Seed Science Research
1194:. Basel: Birkhäuser.
1192:Chitin and Chitinases
955:Clinical significance
925:
917:
812:-acetylhexosaminidase
3694:Lineweaver–Burk plot
3499:N-Glycosyl compounds
3469:Maltase-glucoamylase
3420:Galactosylceramidase
3187:Glycoside hydrolases
3172:: sugar hydrolases (
2548:10.1056/NEJMoa073600
1748:10.1094/phyto-83-313
1343:10.1128/AEM.01412-07
1092:latex-fruit syndrome
619:Species distribution
3352:Viral neuraminidase
2492:2004Sci...304.1678Z
1991:2018NatSR...8.1461T
1654:10.3748/wjg.15.5249
1594:Medicago truncatula
1335:2008ApEnM..74...44H
1278:2005ApEnM..71.7904X
1238:10.2323/jgam.47.201
1159:protein engineering
995:Regulation in fungi
778:-acetylglucoseamine
35:Serratia marcescens
3653:Enzyme superfamily
3586:Enzyme promiscuity
3403:Glucosylceramidase
3284:Debranching enzyme
3208:Sucrase-isomaltase
2991:Molecular Breeding
2986:Lacanobia oleracea
2669:10.1079/JOH2003176
2277:10.1042/BJ20020075
1979:Scientific Reports
1899:"Plant chitinases"
1868:10.1007/BF02124285
1491:(ACS): 4732–4742.
1449:10.1079/ssr2002113
1136:Phaseolus vulgaris
1076:Phaseolus vulgaris
1016:is dependent on a
984:hygiene hypothesis
932:
920:
559:; systematic name
3809:
3808:
3518:
3517:
3489:
3488:
3376:alpha-Mannosidase
3250:Alpha-glucosidase
2486:(5677): 1678–82.
2089:10.1159/000104144
1903:The Plant Journal
1823:10.1042/bj2800309
1539:978-93-88148-36-8
1497:10.1021/jf010007f
1201:978-3-7643-5815-0
1142:, BCH - has been
759:in this reaction.
744:Chitobiosidases (
691:Class I chitinase
590:
567:) are hydrolytic
564:
556:
539:
538:
535:
534:
377:
376:
373:
372:
220:chitinase, acidic
215:
214:
211:
210:
130:metabolic pathway
3861:
3826:
3825:
3817:
3689:Hanes–Woolf plot
3632:Enzyme activator
3627:Enzyme inhibitor
3601:Enzyme catalysis
3545:
3538:
3531:
3522:
3506:DNA glycosylases
3272:Beta-glucosidase
3192:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3140:
3111:
3110:
3100:
3090:
3066:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3044:. Archived from
3034:
3028:
3027:
2981:
2972:
2971:
2961:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2904:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2863:
2854:(29): 19758–67.
2835:
2829:
2828:
2797:Current Genetics
2784:
2778:
2777:
2746:Current Genetics
2741:
2732:
2731:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2626:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2550:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2408:(11): 2799–807.
2397:
2391:
2390:
2380:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2331:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2288:
2271:(Pt 1): 119–26.
2256:
2250:
2249:
2239:
2230:(34): 25803–10.
2215:
2209:
2208:
2198:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2149:
2139:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2047:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2010:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1954:(4–5): 387–393.
1944:Falco sparverius
1935:
1929:
1928:
1918:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1834:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1771:
1752:
1751:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1710:
1686:
1677:
1676:
1666:
1656:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1615:
1587:
1581:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1530:10.2307/25065722
1515:
1509:
1508:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1443:(CUP): 217–230.
1426:
1417:
1416:
1374:
1365:
1364:
1354:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1297:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1240:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1187:
1069:Presence in food
902:
901:
896:
895:
888:
887:
880:
879:
868:
867:
860:
859:
854:
853:
840:
839:
757:oligosaccharides
677:
668:seed chitinase:
588:
573:glycosidic bonds
571:that break down
562:
554:
508:
405:
391:
379:
346:
243:
229:
217:
168:
47:
31:
19:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3820:
3812:
3810:
3805:
3717:Oxidoreductases
3703:
3679:Enzyme kinetics
3667:
3663:List of enzymes
3636:
3605:
3576:Catalytic triad
3554:
3549:
3519:
3514:
3498:
3485:
3288:
3231:
3177:
3167:
3120:
3115:
3114:
3068:
3067:
3060:
3051:
3049:
3036:
3035:
3031:
2983:
2982:
2975:
2944:(9): 3782–803.
2931:
2930:
2926:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2743:
2742:
2735:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2541:(20): 2016–27.
2528:
2527:
2523:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2322:(11): 1505–12.
2307:
2306:
2302:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2130:(5): 2198–202.
2117:
2116:
2112:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2045:10.1.1.318.6544
2029:
2028:
2024:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1773:
1772:
1755:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1688:
1687:
1680:
1647:(42): 5249–59.
1634:
1633:
1629:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1560:
1558:
1540:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1428:
1427:
1420:
1389:Kluwer Academic
1376:
1375:
1368:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1167:
1120:artificial skin
1100:
1071:
997:
957:
937:
905:binding domains
899:
898:
893:
892:
885:
884:
877:
876:
865:
864:
857:
856:
851:
850:
837:
836:
753:monosaccharides
731:
703:β-1,3-glucanase
669:
654:Fungi, such as
621:
407:
397:
245:
235:
49:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3867:
3865:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3790:
3777:
3764:
3751:
3738:
3725:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3644:
3642:
3641:Classification
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3540:
3533:
3525:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3502:
3500:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3447:Hexosaminidase
3444:
3439:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3422:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3378:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3359:Galactosidases
3356:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3247:
3241:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3200:
3198:
3196:Disaccharidase
3189:
3179:
3178:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3119:
3118:External links
3116:
3113:
3112:
3058:
3029:
2973:
2924:
2875:
2830:
2779:
2733:
2690:
2646:
2597:
2562:
2521:
2470:
2451:(3): 497–500.
2435:
2392:
2363:(12): 1505–9.
2343:
2300:
2251:
2210:
2181:(12): 4770–3.
2161:
2110:
2067:
2022:
1965:
1930:
1889:
1862:(8): 701–716.
1846:
1801:
1782:(7): 473–483.
1753:
1736:Phytopathology
1722:
1701:(4): 317–338.
1678:
1627:
1606:(7): 763–777.
1582:
1538:
1510:
1470:
1418:
1366:
1309:
1272:(12): 7904–9.
1252:
1231:(4): 201–211.
1207:
1200:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1166:
1163:
1155:rhinosinusitis
1148:pest deterrent
1146:inserted as a
1144:transgenically
1140:bean chitinase
1116:contact lenses
1099:
1096:
1070:
1067:
1043:primary septum
996:
993:
956:
953:
936:
933:
827:signal peptide
823:isoelectric pH
784:
783:
782:
781:
760:
739:
730:
729:Classification
727:
707:powdery mildew
693:, in the seed
620:
617:
593:
592:
537:
536:
533:
532:
527:
523:
522:
517:
513:
512:
504:
503:
493:
487:
486:
482:
481:
476:
470:
469:
464:
458:
457:
452:
446:
445:
440:
434:
433:
428:
422:
421:
418:
414:
413:
409:
408:
392:
384:
383:
375:
374:
371:
370:
365:
361:
360:
355:
351:
350:
342:
341:
331:
325:
324:
320:
319:
314:
308:
307:
302:
296:
295:
290:
284:
283:
278:
272:
271:
266:
260:
259:
256:
252:
251:
247:
246:
230:
222:
221:
213:
212:
209:
208:
203:
197:
196:
191:
185:
184:
179:
173:
172:
164:
163:
152:
145:
144:
139:
133:
132:
127:
121:
120:
115:
109:
108:
103:
97:
96:
91:
85:
84:
79:
73:
72:
68:
67:
62:
56:
55:
51:
50:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3866:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3815:
3801:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3788:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3723:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3658:Enzyme family
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3622:Cooperativity
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3581:Oxyanion hole
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3546:
3541:
3539:
3534:
3532:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3511:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3497:: Hydrolysing
3496:
3492:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3413:non-lysosomal
3411:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3393:Hyaluronidase
3391:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3381:Glucuronidase
3379:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3322:Neuraminidase
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3306:
3305:Alpha-amylase
3303:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3175:
3171:
3164:
3159:
3157:
3152:
3150:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3108:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3048:on 2020-11-11
3047:
3043:
3039:
3033:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2928:
2925:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2895:(6): 739–50.
2894:
2890:
2886:
2879:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2843:
2834:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2803:(4): 289–95.
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2783:
2780:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2752:(2): 243–54.
2751:
2747:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2694:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2663:(2): 147–53.
2662:
2658:
2650:
2647:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2617:(2): 167–77.
2616:
2612:
2608:
2601:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2578:(6): 656–61.
2577:
2573:
2566:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2474:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2439:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2396:
2393:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2347:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2304:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2214:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2165:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2083:(3): 244–51.
2082:
2078:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1934:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1893:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1726:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1631:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1595:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1571:9788172335731
1568:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1474:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1211:
1208:
1203:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1183:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1112:biodegradable
1109:
1108:biocompatible
1105:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1047:cell division
1044:
1040:
1036:
1035:S. cerevisiae
1032:
1031:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1003:
994:
992:
991:
987:
985:
981:
977:
973:
968:
966:
962:
954:
952:
950:
947:and possibly
946:
941:
934:
929:
924:
916:
912:
910:
906:
890:
882:
874:
872:
862:
848:
844:
834:
832:
828:
824:
820:
815:
813:
811:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
779:
777:
772:
769:
765:
761:
758:
754:
750:
747:
743:
742:
740:
737:
733:
732:
728:
726:
724:
719:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
681:
676:
672:
667:
662:
660:
658:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
637:
632:
631:
626:
618:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
586:
582:
581:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
558:
550:
547:
543:
531:
528:
524:
521:
518:
514:
509:
505:
502:
501:
497:
494:
492:
488:
483:
480:
477:
475:
471:
468:
465:
463:
459:
456:
453:
451:
447:
444:
441:
439:
435:
432:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
410:
404:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
369:
366:
362:
359:
356:
352:
347:
343:
340:
339:
335:
332:
330:
326:
321:
318:
315:
313:
309:
306:
303:
301:
297:
294:
291:
289:
285:
282:
279:
277:
273:
270:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
248:
242:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
207:
204:
202:
198:
195:
192:
190:
186:
183:
180:
178:
174:
169:
165:
162:
159:
156:
153:
150:
146:
143:
140:
138:
134:
131:
128:
126:
122:
119:
116:
114:
110:
107:
106:NiceZyme view
104:
102:
98:
95:
92:
90:
86:
83:
80:
78:
74:
69:
66:
63:
61:
57:
52:
46:
42:
37:
36:
30:
25:
20:
3795:Translocases
3792:
3779:
3766:
3753:
3740:
3730:Transferases
3727:
3714:
3571:Binding site
3311:
3237:Glucosidases
3078:
3074:
3050:. Retrieved
3046:the original
3041:
3032:
2995:
2989:
2985:
2941:
2937:
2927:
2892:
2888:
2878:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2833:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2749:
2745:
2706:(2): 112–4.
2703:
2699:
2693:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2319:
2313:
2303:
2268:
2264:
2254:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2038:(3): 351–8.
2035:
2031:
2025:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1909:(1): 31–40.
1906:
1902:
1892:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1814:
1804:
1779:
1775:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1698:
1694:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1585:
1559:. Retrieved
1520:
1513:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1436:
1430:
1384:
1378:
1329:(1): 44–51.
1326:
1322:
1312:
1269:
1265:
1255:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1210:
1191:
1185:
1152:
1138:chitinase -
1135:
1128:insecticides
1101:
1098:Applications
1085:
1074:
1072:
1050:
1034:
1028:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1008:
1006:
998:
988:
969:
958:
942:
938:
927:
908:
891:
883:
875:
870:
863:
842:
835:
818:
816:
809:
804:
785:
775:
763:
720:
663:
657:Coccidioides
655:
653:
634:
628:
622:
594:
584:
560:
552:
541:
540:
498:
394:Homo sapiens
393:
336:
305:NM_001040623
232:Homo sapiens
231:
94:BRENDA entry
33:
3566:Active site
3464:Iduronidase
3398:Pullulanase
3081:(1): 21–9.
1985:(1): 1461.
1856:Experientia
1114:materials (
1039:cytokinesis
1010:Trichoderma
649:zooplankton
605:exoskeletal
520:Swiss-model
412:Identifiers
358:Swiss-model
250:Identifiers
82:IntEnz view
54:Identifiers
3838:Categories
3769:Isomerases
3743:Hydrolases
3610:Regulation
3474:Heparanase
3442:Fucosidase
3260:Neutral AB
3052:2017-02-16
2402:Proteomics
2147:1887/50684
1742:(3): 313.
1578:9388148363
1561:2021-11-17
1391:: 93–114.
1177:References
1132:fungicides
1104:fertilizer
1013:atroviride
972:dust mites
645:arthropods
641:pathogenic
625:Aeromonads
613:arthropods
597:cell walls
587:-acetyl-β-
542:Chitinases
516:Structures
511:Search for
485:Other data
354:Structures
349:Search for
338:p13.1-21.3
323:Other data
151:structures
118:KEGG entry
3648:EC number
3408:lysosomal
3312:Chitinase
3277:cytosolic
3265:Neutral C
3245:Cellulase
3222:Trehalase
3212:Invertase
3170:Hydrolase
3124:Chitinase
3016:1380-3743
3002:: 49–63.
2040:CiteSeerX
1940:Otus asio
1465:233361411
1457:0960-2585
1405:0167-6857
1171:Ligninase
961:allergies
949:cartilage
878:Class III
780:(GlcNAc).
713:that are
678:,
467:NM_003465
426:NCBI gene
264:NCBI gene
71:Databases
22:Chitinase
3849:EC 3.2.1
3672:Kinetics
3596:Cofactor
3559:Activity
3317:Lysozyme
3107:23559820
3024:23765916
2968:12972564
2911:11747810
2825:22135834
2817:12748812
2774:10360301
2766:26527115
2728:73187904
2685:24555145
2677:12756068
2641:73016367
2633:14723608
2592:16202576
2557:18003958
2516:19486575
2508:15192232
2465:16159614
2430:38710491
2422:15996009
2387:16179638
2338:16214810
2295:12071845
2105:24837500
2097:17587796
2062:15556391
2017:29362395
1884:37362071
1796:10771049
1717:86267956
1673:19908331
1622:10875337
1556:83869430
1548:25065722
1505:11600015
1413:43466565
1361:17933912
1304:16332766
1247:12483620
1165:See also
1081:ethylene
980:helminth
935:Function
900:Class VI
886:Class IV
866:Class II
858:Class Ib
852:Class Ia
847:vacuolar
831:inducers
789:families
771:3.2.1.30
749:3.2.1.29
736:multimer
699:isozymes
695:aleurone
687:clone 10
683:3.2.1.14
630:Bacillus
609:mollusks
549:3.2.1.14
530:InterPro
368:InterPro
206:proteins
194:articles
182:articles
155:RCSB PDB
65:3.2.1.14
3854:Enzymes
3828:Biology
3782:Ligases
3552:Enzymes
3300:Amylase
3227:Lactase
3217:Maltase
3204:Sucrase
3098:3612335
2870:1918080
2720:1123257
2488:Bibcode
2480:Science
2378:2718453
2286:1222662
2246:8245017
2205:7591134
2156:7836450
2008:5780506
1987:Bibcode
1925:8401605
1876:1516675
1841:1747104
1832:1130547
1664:2776850
1387:(2/3).
1352:2223224
1331:Bibcode
1295:1317360
1274:Bibcode
1124:sutures
1055:mitosis
894:Class V
838:Class I
762:β-1,4-
715:induced
659:immitis
569:enzymes
526:Domains
500:q31-q32
474:UniProt
406:
364:Domains
312:UniProt
244:
142:profile
125:MetaCyc
48:
3814:Portal
3756:Lyases
3386:Klotho
3130:(MeSH)
3105:
3095:
3022:
3014:
2966:
2959:196567
2956:
2919:903530
2917:
2909:
2868:
2823:
2815:
2772:
2764:
2726:
2718:
2683:
2675:
2639:
2631:
2590:
2555:
2514:
2506:
2463:
2428:
2420:
2385:
2375:
2336:
2293:
2283:
2244:
2203:
2196:173683
2193:
2154:
2103:
2095:
2060:
2042:
2015:
2005:
1923:
1882:
1874:
1839:
1829:
1794:
1715:
1671:
1661:
1620:
1576:
1569:
1554:
1546:
1536:
1503:
1487:(10).
1463:
1455:
1411:
1403:
1359:
1349:
1302:
1292:
1245:
1198:
1110:, and
1088:hevein
965:asthma
963:, and
829:, and
799:, and
723:YKL-40
666:barley
636:Vibrio
577:chitin
496:Chr. 1
479:Q13231
462:RefSeq
455:600031
417:Symbol
334:Chr. 1
317:Q9BZP6
300:RefSeq
293:606080
255:Symbol
189:PubMed
171:Search
161:PDBsum
101:ExPASy
89:BRENDA
77:IntEnz
60:EC no.
3708:Types
3495:3.2.2
3479:HPSE2
3364:Alpha
3293:Other
3183:3.2.1
3020:S2CID
2998:(1).
2915:S2CID
2821:S2CID
2770:S2CID
2724:S2CID
2681:S2CID
2637:S2CID
2512:S2CID
2426:S2CID
2101:S2CID
1880:S2CID
1713:S2CID
1552:S2CID
1544:JSTOR
1461:S2CID
1439:(4).
1409:S2CID
945:blood
601:fungi
491:Locus
420:CHIT1
329:Locus
281:17432
269:27159
137:PRIAM
3800:list
3793:EC7
3787:list
3780:EC6
3774:list
3767:EC5
3761:list
3754:EC4
3748:list
3741:EC3
3735:list
3728:EC2
3722:list
3715:EC1
3457:HEXB
3452:HEXA
3430:NAGA
3369:Beta
3342:NEU4
3337:NEU3
3332:NEU2
3327:NEU1
3255:Acid
3176:3.2)
3103:PMID
3012:ISSN
2964:PMID
2907:PMID
2889:Cell
2866:PMID
2813:PMID
2762:PMID
2716:PMID
2673:PMID
2629:PMID
2588:PMID
2553:PMID
2504:PMID
2461:PMID
2418:PMID
2383:PMID
2334:PMID
2291:PMID
2242:PMID
2201:PMID
2152:PMID
2093:PMID
2058:PMID
2013:PMID
1946:)".
1921:PMID
1872:PMID
1837:PMID
1792:PMID
1669:PMID
1618:PMID
1574:ISBN
1567:ISBN
1534:ISBN
1501:PMID
1453:ISSN
1401:ISSN
1357:PMID
1300:PMID
1243:PMID
1196:ISBN
1130:and
1122:and
1051:Cts1
976:worm
897:and
855:and
675:1CNS
611:and
603:and
450:OMIM
443:1936
438:HGNC
431:1118
403:1HKK
288:OMIM
276:HGNC
258:CHIA
241:3FY1
201:NCBI
158:PDBe
113:KEGG
45:1FFQ
3093:PMC
3083:doi
3004:doi
2954:PMC
2946:doi
2897:doi
2893:107
2856:doi
2852:266
2805:doi
2754:doi
2708:doi
2665:doi
2619:doi
2580:doi
2543:doi
2539:357
2496:doi
2484:304
2453:doi
2449:116
2410:doi
2373:PMC
2365:doi
2361:172
2324:doi
2281:PMC
2273:doi
2269:365
2232:doi
2228:268
2191:PMC
2183:doi
2142:hdl
2132:doi
2128:270
2085:doi
2050:doi
2036:139
2003:PMC
1995:doi
1956:doi
1952:283
1911:doi
1864:doi
1827:PMC
1819:doi
1784:doi
1744:doi
1703:doi
1659:PMC
1649:doi
1608:doi
1526:doi
1493:doi
1445:doi
1393:doi
1347:PMC
1339:doi
1290:PMC
1282:doi
1233:doi
1027:In
755:or
671:PDB
599:of
575:in
399:PDB
237:PDB
177:PMC
149:PDB
41:PDB
3840::
3508::
3185::
3174:EC
3101:.
3091:.
3077:.
3073:.
3061:^
3040:.
3018:.
3010:.
2994:.
2976:^
2962:.
2952:.
2942:14
2940:.
2936:.
2913:.
2905:.
2891:.
2887:.
2864:.
2850:.
2846:.
2819:.
2811:.
2801:43
2799:.
2768:.
2760:.
2750:62
2748:.
2736:^
2722:.
2714:.
2704:14
2702:.
2679:.
2671:.
2661:77
2659:.
2635:.
2627:.
2615:19
2613:.
2609:.
2586:.
2576:17
2574:.
2551:.
2537:.
2533:.
2510:.
2502:.
2494:.
2482:.
2459:.
2447:.
2424:.
2416:.
2404:.
2381:.
2371:.
2359:.
2355:.
2332:.
2320:17
2318:.
2312:.
2289:.
2279:.
2267:.
2263:.
2240:.
2226:.
2222:.
2199:.
2189:.
2179:63
2177:.
2173:.
2150:.
2140:.
2126:.
2122:.
2099:.
2091:.
2081:51
2079:.
2056:.
2048:.
2034:.
2011:.
2001:.
1993:.
1981:.
1977:.
1950:.
1919:.
1905:.
1901:.
1878:.
1870:.
1860:48
1858:.
1835:.
1825:.
1813:.
1790:.
1780:26
1778:.
1756:^
1740:83
1738:.
1711:.
1699:11
1697:.
1693:.
1681:^
1667:.
1657:.
1645:15
1643:.
1639:.
1616:.
1604:13
1602:.
1598:.
1550:.
1542:.
1532:.
1499:.
1485:49
1483:.
1459:.
1451:.
1437:12
1435:.
1421:^
1407:.
1399:.
1385:64
1383:.
1369:^
1355:.
1345:.
1337:.
1327:74
1325:.
1321:.
1298:.
1288:.
1280:.
1270:71
1268:.
1264:.
1241:.
1229:47
1227:.
1223:.
1161:.
1134:.
1118:,
1094:.
1061:,
1022:N-
1018:N-
833:.
825:,
814:.
805:N-
801:20
797:19
795:,
793:18
791::
768:EC
746:EC
680:EC
673::
647:,
633:,
627:,
551:,
546:EC
401::
239::
43::
3816::
3802:)
3798:(
3789:)
3785:(
3776:)
3772:(
3763:)
3759:(
3750:)
3746:(
3737:)
3733:(
3724:)
3720:(
3544:e
3537:t
3530:v
3210:/
3206:/
3162:e
3155:t
3148:v
3109:.
3085::
3079:5
3055:.
3026:.
3006::
2996:3
2970:.
2948::
2921:.
2899::
2872:.
2858::
2844:"
2827:.
2807::
2789:N
2776:.
2756::
2730:.
2710::
2687:.
2667::
2643:.
2621::
2594:.
2582::
2559:.
2545::
2518:.
2498::
2490::
2467:.
2455::
2432:.
2412::
2406:5
2389:.
2367::
2340:.
2326::
2297:.
2275::
2248:.
2234::
2207:.
2185::
2158:.
2144::
2134::
2107:.
2087::
2064:.
2052::
2019:.
1997::
1989::
1983:8
1962:.
1958::
1927:.
1913::
1907:3
1886:.
1866::
1843:.
1821::
1798:.
1786::
1750:.
1746::
1719:.
1705::
1675:.
1651::
1624:.
1610::
1580:.
1564:.
1528::
1507:.
1495::
1467:.
1447::
1415:.
1395::
1363:.
1341::
1333::
1306:.
1284::
1276::
1249:.
1235::
1204:.
978:(
928:N
909:N
871:N
843:N
819:N
810:N
776:N
764:N
589:D
585:N
563:D
555:D
544:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
