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deshkar
Brahmans, Gaud Saraswat Brahmans, and Chitpavan Brahmans. It is not pertinent to the present discussion to go into the place of origin or reason for immigration of any of these groups. What is pertinent is that cach of these groups has been an intrusive group, physically and culturally differentiated from the others as well as from the population into which they all came.One further point is that cach of these groups appears to have settled in different sections of the coastal territory, adjoining rather than intermingling with the settlements of the others. In this way, the Bene Israel came to be associated with the northern part of Kolaba District; Chitpavans, with the southern section of Ratnagiri (including what was formerly the small Sawantwadi princely state); Gaud Saraswat Brahmans, with Goa and the adjacent coastal section of North Kanara District. Of all these groups, the Chitpavan Brahmans were apparently the last to arrive, and so they ended up with that section of the coast which is by and large the least fertile and which has the fewest good ports. It would seem that Ratnagiri District, being thus the least desirable, was easily available, in a frontier-like way, and that little competition and few obstacles faced the Chitpavans as they went about settling down.
268:, similarities between the legends may be due to a connection between the Chitpavans and the Bene Israel communities. The Bene Israel, who also settled in Konkan, claim that the Chitpavans are also of Jewish origin. According to their version, these Jews later adopted Hinduism and later were called Chitpavans by the people in the area. A member of the community, B.J Israel, noted that there might be truth in his community's claim that they and Chitpavans belong to the same stock but there is also a possibility that the Puranic legend of Chitpavan origin had been appropriated by his community to account for their presence on the coast. Yulia Egorova notes that the attempts of Bene-Israel to be associated with high caste Chitpavan Brahmins is similar to the concept of
322:
1493:
ancestral offerings (śrāddha-pakṣa), and yet no one showed up (Chapter 1, verse 31). The angry brahmin Paraśurāma decided to produce new brahmins (brāhmaṇā nūtanāḥ kāryāḥ, Chapter 1, verse 33). As he was wandering along the bank of the ocean, he saw some men gathered around a funeral pyre and asked them about their caste and dharma. These were fishermen, and Paraśurāma purified their sixty families and offered them brahminhood (brāhmaṇyaṁ ca tato dattvā, Chapter 1, verse 37). Since these fishermen were purified at the location of a funeral pyre (citā), they received the designation of citapāvana (ibid.)
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brahmins. Then there were the 'traditional urban-oriented professional castes such as the Nagars of
Gujarat, the Chitpavans and the Ckps (Chandrasenya Kayastha Prabhus)s of Maharashtra and the Kayasthas of North India. Also included were the old elite groups that emerged during the colonial rule: the Probasi and the Bhadralok Bengalis, the Parsis and the upper crusts of Muslim and Christian communities. Education was a common thread that bound together this pan Indian elite...But almost all its members spoke and wrote English and had had some education beyond school
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4147:...Anant Kanhere, who actually killed Jackson, was a sixteen-year-old chitpavan Brahman youth...The whole episode will not be complete without mentioning about Jackson, who was assassinated. Ironically enough the records show that he was a popular Collector and liked by many. He was a Scholar of Sanskrit and was even known as Pandit Jackson. He was very fond of the theatre, dramas...Even On the eve of assassination, he had gone to watch the play "Sharada" which was organised in his honour
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acquitted an
Engineer named Williams of the charge of killing a farmer by rash and negligent driving. He was not harsh in punishing people charged with sedition. W. S. Khare, a pleader of Nasik delivered some seditious speeches. Jackson ordered him to execute a personal bond of Rs. 2,000 and to be of good behaviour for one year with two substantial and respectable sureties of Rs. 1,000 each.
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according to one of the Hindu
Puranas, fourteen corpses of foreigners from a shipwreck on the Konkan coast were miraculously brought back to life by Parshuram, an avtar of the Hindu god Vishnu, and given the status of Brahmins... The Puranic legend may have been appropriated by the Bene Israel with suitable modification to account for their presence on the coast.
487:, was a Chitpavan Brahmin and several other Chitpavans were among the first to embrace it because they thought it was a logical extension of the legacy of the Peshwas and caste-fellow Tilak. These Chitpavans felt out of place with the Indian social reform movement of Phule and the mass politics of Gandhi. Large numbers of the community looked to Savarkar, the
367:. Balaji's work so pleased the Chhatrapati that he was appointed the Peshwa or Prime Minister in 1713. He ran a well-organised administration and, by the time of his death in 1720, he had laid the groundwork for the expansion of the Maratha Empire. Since this time until the fall of the Maratha Empire, the seat of the Peshwa would be held by the members of the
304:, and Chitpavan Brahmins. Each of these arrived at different time, they settled in different parts of the region and there was little mingling between them. The Chitpavans were apparently the last major community to arrive there and consequently the area in which they settled, around Ratnagiri, was the least fertile and had few good ports for trading.
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other compatriots of theirs. The latter were discovered by the local inhabitants, who decided that they were dead and attempted to cremate them; however, when the bodies were put on the burning pile they regained consciousness. Subsequently they were converted to
Hinduism and eventually became known among the local population as Chitpavan Brahmans.
797:(Pillar Inscription), dated to 1012 CE (sake 934) by Dr. S. G. Tulpule, and by Dikshit to 1209-1210 CE (Sake 1132). V. V. Mirashi agress with Sake 1132 as the right date. Tulpule reads the content as donation of 9 kuvalis of grain towards Goddess Mahalakshmi for Bodan, whereas Dikshit interprets it as digging a well to honor Mahalaskhmi.
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By the early 1880s, Indian women started to benefit from the opening of medical studies to women in Europe and the United States, the first being
Anandibai Joshi (1865–1887), born in Pune to a Chitpavan Brahmin family. She was married (according to custom) when she was nine years old. In 1883, at age
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The extent of the real chitpavan influence in the socio-polity of
Maharashtra, during this period, has been vastly exaggerated. Even under the most ambitious and effective peshwas, the established local power structure, from the major Maratha chieftains down to village headmen, did not trust Peshwas'
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At that time an
Englishman named Jackson was the Collector of Nashik District. A cruel man by nature, he greatly harassed the people. He used to hold public assemblies to hear the people's grievances, but this was just a show, meant to put a gloss on his despotic administration. There was no justice
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As early as 1881, in a few articles Bal
Gangadhar Tilak, the resolute thinker and the enfant terrible of Indian politics, wrote comprehensive discourses on the need for united front by the Chitpavans, Deshasthas and the Karhades. Invoking the urgent necessity of this remarkable Brahmans combination,
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The
Marathas in general, but the Deccani Brahmans in particular, have the desire to deprive all people of their means of livelihood and appropriate it for themselves. They do not spare the zamindārs of rājas, nor even the zamindāri of small people like headmen and village accountants. Uprooting most
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In ancient times, the Chitpavans were employed as messengers and spies. Later, with the rise of the Chitpavan Peshwa in the 18th century they began migrating to Pune and found employment as military men, diplomats and clerks in the Peshwa administration. A 1763–64 document shows that at least 67% of
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Gandhi's assassin Naturam Godse, a Chitpavan brahmin from Pune, had been a member of the RSS for some years, as well as a member of the Hindu Mahasabha. In the early 1940s Godse left the RSS to form a militant organization, Hindu Rashtra Dal, aimed at militarizing the mind and conduct of Hindus, to
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Upon the chitpavans who had come into prominence after the rise of the Peshwas they looked down with scarcely veiled contempt as the parvenus, barely fit to associate on terms of equality with the noblest of the dvijas. A chitpavan who was invited to a deshasth home was a privileged individual, and
702:, Kokanastha Brahmin migrants began arriving en masse from the Konkan to Pune, where the Peshwa offered some important offices to the Kokanastha Brahmin caste. The Kokanastha Brahmin kin were rewarded with tax relief and grants of land. Historians point out nepotism and corruption during this time.
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Some of the strongest resistance to change came from the very same community. The vanguard and the old guard clashed many times. D. K. Karve was ostracised. Even Tilak offered penance for breaking caste or religious rules. One was for taking tea at Poona Christian mission in 1892 and the second was
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As per Jayant Lele, the influence of the Chitpavans in the Peshwa era as well as the British era has been greatly exaggerated because even during the time of the most prominent Peshwas, their political legitimacy and their intentions were not trusted by all levels of the administration, not even by
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The stigma of untouchability from which Mahars suffered was such that, in extreme cases, they were obliged to wear earthenware around their necks so that their spit did not defile the ground on which Brahmins walked. They also had to sweep the earth behind them to erase their footsteps or at least
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These two cases, in one of which the Bene-Israel tried to imitate the way of life of the Agris, while in the other they showed an interest in being associated with the Chitpavans, whose position in the local hierarchy was very high, resemble the attempts of lower caste Hindus to raise their status
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B.J. Israel, a member of the community, in an essay privately published writes: The legend that their ancestors were the survivors of a shipwreck at the village of Nowgaon near the port of Cheul may be based on truth . On the other hand, it may have been adopted when our people came to learn that,
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is placed in a plate containing all the items of the meals in small quantities. All the contents of the plate along with the idol are mixed together by the invited women and if any of them is in the habit of getting possessed on such occasions, or if anyone gets possessed for the first time, ghee,
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Anthropologist Donald Kurtz writes that the late 20th century opinions about the culture of the Chitpavans was that they were frugal to the point of appearing cheap, impassive, not trustworthy and also conspiratorial. According to Tilak, a Chitpavan himself, his community was known for cleanliness
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Moreover, the two principal conspirators behind Gandhi's assassination, who were hung for their actions – Nathuram Godse and Narayan Apte – were both Chitpavan Brahmins from Maharashtra as was Savarkar, their ideological mentor. The Chitpavans had a long history of supporting violence against the
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On December 21, A. M. T. Jackson was assassinationed at Nasik by Anant Laxman Kanhere. Jackson was a learned Indologist. He contributed many interesting papers on Indian history and culture and was popularly known as Pandit Jackson. His fault was that he had committed Ganesh Savarkar to trial and
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such as doctors, engineers and lawyers, business entrepreneurs, teachers in schools in the bigger cities and in the institutes of higher education, journalists...The upper castes dominated the Indian middle class. Prominent among its members were Punjabi Khatris, Kashmiri Pandits and South Indian
1709:
The Bene-Israel had their own version of this legend, according to which both groups had a common origin. Their tradition states that after the famous shipwreck, the seven men and seven women who are considered to be the ancestors of the Bene-Israel community were washed ashore together with some
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writes that there is a belief that Chitpavans are sometimes considered to be people of non-Indian origin who later became Brahmins. Oxford historian O'Hanlon states that there are allegations that Chitpavan are progeny of arab sailors, and their historic practice of taking bride price was at odds
231:
published by the community of goldsmiths from Bombay. Madhav Deshpande(2010) rejects these suggestions because it is inconceivable that a Deshastha brahmin would write a "pro-Saraswat" text as there was dislike of the Gaud Saraswats of the west coast of India by the Deshasthas as well as the fact
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According to Teltumbde, "There was a deliberate attempt to get some progressive people from nonuntouchable communities to the conference, but eventually only two names materialised. One was Gangadhar Nilkanth Sahasrabuddhe, an activist of the Social Service League and a leader of the cooperative
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Local non-Chitpavan Brahmans and non-Brahmans will tell you that Chitpavan Brahmans are notoriously frugal, even cheap. As one non-Brahman teacher described and other corroborated at a social function, it would be characteristic of a Chitpavan not to offer a visitor a glass of water after he/she
1898:
The string of ports from Bombay south to Karwar has had in turn Roman, Greck, Arab, Abysinian, Portuguese, Dutch, and English traders, invaders, visitors, or settlers. is this stretch of coast, too, which has received at one time or another such immigrant groups as the Bene Israel, Parsis, Kudal
1950:
chitpavans found employment easily under the Peshwas in diverse fields, from commanders in armies to clerks in the administration.A document of 1763-4 gives a list of 82 clerks of whom 55(67 percent) can be definitely identified as Chitpavans. In addition to their salaries, they were granted a
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After the fall of the Maratha Empire in 1818, the Chitpavans lost their political dominance to the British. The British would not subsidise the Chitpavans on the same scale that their caste-fellow, the Peshwas, had done in the past. Pay and power was now significantly reduced. Poorer Chitpavan
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The first chapter of the Sahyādrikhaṇḍa is titled citpāvanabrāhmaṇotpattiḥ "Origin of the Citpāvan brahmins". In the newly recovered land of Konkan, there are no traditional brahmins, either of the Gauḍa or Draviḍa persuasion, to be found. Paraśurāma invites all the brahmins for carrying out
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The jati disputes were not a rare occurrence in Maharashtra. There are recorded instances of disputes between jatis such as Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhus and the Chitpavans, Pathare Prabhus and the Chitpavans, Saraswat brahmin and the Chitpavans and Shukla Yajurvedi and the Chitpavans. The
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Such resistance was to no avail, and the Brahmans' fears and troubles were realized in February 1948 when they were set upon by recently politicized communities - Marathas, as well as Jains and Lingayats - who unhesitatingly took advantage of the opportunity provided by assassin Godse's
479:, whom Mahatma Gandhi acknowledged as a preceptor, and Vinoba Bhave, one of his outstanding disciples. Gandhi describes Bhave as the "jewel of his disciples", and recognised Gokhale as his political guru. However, strong opposition to Gandhi came from the Chitpavan community.
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and the upper crusts of Muslim and Christian communities. According to P.K.Verma, "Education was a common thread that bound together this pan Indian elite" and almost all male members of these communities could read and write English and were educated beyond school.
210:, who could not find any Brahmins in Konkan to perform rituals for him, found sixty fishermen who had gathered near a funeral pyre near the ocean shore. These sixty fishermen families were purified and Sanksritized to Brahminhood. Since the funeral pyre is called
4021:
Among such young men initiated into revolutionary activities was Pandurang Mahadeo Bapat who later on became widely known as Senapati (General) Bapat. On 12 November 1880, Pandurang Bapat was born in a Chitpavan or Kokanastha Brahmin family at Parner in the
411:, who treated them as untouchables. Historians cite nepotism and corruption as causes of the fall of the Maratha Empire in 1818. Richard Maxwell Eaton states that this rise of the Chitpavans is a classic example of social rank rising with political fortune.
3297:(quote on page 1804):The Chitpavan are vegetarian and rice is their staple cereal. (quote on page 2079): Among them the Chitpavan, Desastha, Karhade and Devdny Brahman are pure vegetarian though nowadays, they occasionally take non-vegetarian food.
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The Chitpavans have considered themselves to be both warriors and priests. Their involvement in military affairs began with the rise of the Peshwas and their willingness to enter military and other services earned them high status and power in the
811:. These books usually document various aspects of a clan's history, name etymology, ancestral land holdings, migration maps, religious traditions, genealogical charts, biographies, and records of births, deaths and marriages within the clan.
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In this general atmosphere of reform and women's education, and coming from a professional Chitpavan family, neither getting a education nor going into a profession like teaching would for someone like Irawati Karve have been particularly
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a petty government clerk in Poona, Vasudev Balvant Phadke, led an uprising that would anticipate the revolutionary terrorism that would come to mark India in the first half of the twentieth century. Like B.G. Tilak, Phadke was a Chitpavan
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Starting in the 20th century, the relations between the Deshastha Brahmins and the Chitpavan Brahmins have improved by the large-scale mixing of both communities on social, financial and educational fields, as well as with intermarriages.
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or "purified at the location of a funeral pyre". However, 'Chita' also means 'mind' in Sanskrit and the Chitapavans prefer "pure of mind" instead of "pure from the pyre". One scholar suggests that the author of the current version was a
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of the Khare (Chitpavan) family prefers a modified version of the scripture. They state that fourteen dead-bodies were purified by Parshurama. Since "Chiplun pleased Paraśurāma’s heart", the Brahmins of that place received the name
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should get united. As early as 1881, he encouraged this by writing comprehensive discussions on the urgent need for these three Maharashtrian Brahmin sub-castes to give up caste exclusiveness by intermarrying and dining together.
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The true nature of these groups, said fearful Bombay officials, had been revealed in 1879 in the response of the region's politically active intelligentsia to the actions of W.B.Phadke, a chitpavan ex-government clerk from
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Sri Narasimha Chintaman "Alias" Tatyasaheb Kelkar, K. N. Watve, Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Vol. 28, No. 1/2 (January–April 1947), pp. 156-158, published by Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
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Lokamanya Tilak, himself a Chitpavan once wrote that his community was known for their cleanliness, industry, enterprise and thrift but that they could learn the virtues of benevolence, generosity and munificence from the
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movement belonging to the Agarkari Brahman caste, and the other was Vinayak alias Bhai Chitre, a Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu. In the 1940s, Shasrabuddhe became the editor of Janata- another of Ambedkar's newspapers.
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students adapted and started learning English because of better opportunities in the British administration. As per the 1901 census, about 5% of the Pune population was Brahmin and about 27% of them were Chitpavans.
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who also showed disdain for the Chitpawans and both these castes even declined to eat food together with them. Thus, they did not treat them as social equals. Even the Peshwas themselves were not given access to the
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In certain Chitpavan families, it is obligatory to perform bodan, after a birth or a marriage has taken place in the family. Four married women and an unmarried girl are invited to meals. A metal idol of the
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It will be too much to believe that the riots took place because of the intense love of Gandhiji on the part of the Marathas. Godse became a very convenient hate symbol to damn the Brahmins and burn their
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The magas may not be the only brahmins of foreign origin. The chitpavan Brahmins of Maharashtra are sometimes believed to be in origin foreigners who turned into Brahmins. See Patterson 1968; Lele 2010.
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maintain a good distance from Brahmins to avoid contaminating them with their shadow. According to Pillai-Vetschera, these and other restrictions were imposed on Mahars during the Peshwa period.
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Chitpavan Brahmins became powerful in western India with the rise of the Mahratta empire. In the late seventeenth century, Chitpavans were employed as messengers and spies by the Mahratta chiefs
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Subramanian, L., 2000. The master, muse and the nation: The new cultural project and the reification of colonial modernity in India∗. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 23(2), pp.1–32.
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The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics: 1925 to the 1990s : Strategies of Identity-building, Implantation and Mobilisation (with Special Reference to Central India)
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eighteen, she went to the United States (with her husband)and studied medicine at the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia where she graduated in medicine in 1886
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from the Konkan to Pune where the Peshwa offered all important offices to his fellow caste members. The Chitpavan kin were rewarded with tax relief and grants of land. In 1762-63,
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Panipat: 1761, Volume 1 of Deccan College monograph series, Poona Deccan College of Post-graduate and Research Institute (India) Volume 1 of Deccan College dissertation series
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walked across town to deliver a message when the temperature is 40 degrees C. In additional, Chitpavans are thought to be conspiratorial, untrustworthy, phlegmatic and inbred
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Patil, U.R., 2010. Conflict, identity and narratives: the Brahman communities of western India from the seventeenth through the nineteenth centuries (Doctoral dissertation)
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When the social reformer Jyotirao Phule was trying to get the backward castes educated, historian Umesh Chattopadhyaya says that "Pune's Chitpavans would not allow any
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and the Chitpavans. These disputes pertaining to the so-called violation of "Brahmanical ritual code of behavior" were quite common in Maharashtra during that period.
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The rise in prominence of the Chitpavans compared to the Deshastha Brahmins resulted in intense rivalry between the two communities. 19th century records also mention
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in the attacks against the Brahmins. Here, specifically, the loss was about Rs.16 million. This event led to the hasty integration of the Patwardhan states into the
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as their language. The Marathi spoken by Chitpavans in Pune is the standard form of language used all over Maharashtra today. This form has many words derived from
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1214:(12 March 1891 – 23 November 1959), also known as Chintamanrao Kolhatkar, was a well known Marathi stage actor, director, producer, and playwright. He was awarded
944:(1856–1920), educator, writer and early nationalist leader with widespread appeal. Described by British colonial administration as the "Father of Indian Unrest"
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make them "more assertive and aggressive" (interview with Naturam Godse's brother Gopal Godse, still a member of the Hindu Mahasabha, in Pune, 3 February 1993)
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Tilak urged sincerely that these three groups of Brahmans should give up caste exclusiveness by encouraging inter sub-caste marriages and community dining."
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1003:(1873–1899), (1879–1899), brothers who assassinated British plague commissioner Walter Rand for his heavy-handed approach to plague relief in Pune in 1897
606:" (following professions like doctors, lawyers, teachers, engineers, etc.) immediately after Independence in 1947. This list included Chitpavans and CKPs(
591:, the city of Pune became the financial metropolis of the empire with 150 big and petty moneylenders. Most of these were Chitpavan or Deshastha Brahmins.
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139:. Initially working as messengers and spies in the late seventeenth century, the community came into prominence during the 18th century when the heirs of
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Also, we both come from similar backgrounds and are Kokanastha brahmins and have had typical Maharashtrian upbringing that makes us culturally similar.
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The occupation of the Chitpavans in their original territory of the Konkan was farming, with some income from performing rituals among their own caste.
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In their original home of Konkan, their primary occupation was farming, while some earned money by performing rituals among their own caste members.
1340:
The name Chitpavan had been given to them by the other local jatis of Brahmins a little mockingly, since they tended to look down on the Chitpavans
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and being industrious but he suggested they should learn virtues such as benevolence and generosity from the Deshasthas. During the heyday of the
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Kulkarni, A.R., 2002. Trends in Maratha Historiography: Vishwanath Kashinath Rajwade (1863–1926). Indian Historical Review, 29(1–2), pp.115–144.
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cruelly the heirs of ancient lineages, they establish their own possession and desire that the Konkani Brahmans should become the proprietors (
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670:(a relative newcomer to a socio-economic class), and in Kumar's words "barely fit to associate on terms of equality with the noblest of the
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The Emergence of Indian Nationalism: Competition and Collaboration in the Later Nineteenth Century (Political change in modern South Asia)
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The Emergence of Indian Nationalism: Competition and Collaboration in the Later Nineteenth Century (Political change in modern South Asia)
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milk, honey, etc. are added to the mixture according to her instructions. The idol is afterwards removed and the mixture is fed to a cow.
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A very similar legend of a shipwreck is found among CHITPAVAN BRAHMANAS, indicating a possible connection between the two communities.
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They were not highly regarded by other Brahmans in ancient days and appeared to have been employed principally as spies and messengers
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288:, or giving a daughter away. Maureen L. P. Patterson writes that the Konkan region witnessed the immigration of groups, such as the
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Between Brahmins and these non-Brahmins there was a long history of rancour which the nepotism of the Peshwas had only exacerbated.
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area. He was brought there on the basis of his reputation of being an efficient administrator. He quickly gained the attention of
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The Makings of a Millionaire: A Tribute to a Living Legend, Raosaheb B.M. Gogte, Industrialist, Philanthropist & Educationist
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intra-caste dispute involving the supposed violation of the Brahmanical ritual code of behavior was called Gramanya in marathi.
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Nadkarni, M.V., 2009. Social change through moral development?. Journal of Social and Economic Development, 11(2), pp.127–135.
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by March 1948 – a move that was opposed by other Brahmins as they feared the Maratha predominance in the integrated province.
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Donald Mackenzie Brown"The Congress." The Nationalist Movement: Indian Political Thought from Ranade to Bhave (1961): 34
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Kavlekar, K., 1983. Politics of Social Reform in Maharashta. Political Thought and Leadership of Lokmanya Tilak, p.202
928:, a Marathi journal, educator, mentor to Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Gopal Ganesh Agarkar, founder of the Chitrashala press
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1188: activist philosopher, spiritual leader, social revolutionary and religion reformist who founded the
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and retains the Sanskrit pronunciation of many, misconstrued by non-standard speakers as "nasalised pronunciation".
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and backward to join schools". This opposition from them resulted in Phule establishing schools in and around Pune.
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The Doctor and the Saint: Caste, Race, and Annihilation of Caste, the Debate Between B.R. Ambedkar and M.K. Gandhi
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Vandana Bhave has published the only dedicted book on Bodan Vidhi (Bodan method) named Merutantrokta Bodan Vidhi.
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opines that the Chitpavans had a non-Indian origin and bases his views on traditions and inscriptions. Indologist
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political intentions and doubted their legitimacy. This was particularly true under Shivaji's feuding successors.
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Caste, Conflict and Ideology: Mahatma Jotirao Phule and Low Caste Protest in Nineteenth-Century Western India
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It may also be pointed out that marriages between the Deshastha and Kokanastha Brahmins have been very common
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3556:
1681:
A history of the Bene Israelis, who settled in the Colaba district of Konkan claim Chitpavans as fellow Jews
1486:
Deshpande, M.M. (2010). "Pañca Gauḍa and Pañca Drāviḍa: Contested borders of a traditional classification".
1322:
even the Peshwa was denied the right to use the ghats reserved for deshasth priests at Nasik on the Godavari
1276:
4737:
931:
905:
695:
434:
105:
4978:
4775:
1243:
995:
981:
911:
476:
442:
301:
241:
128:
4540:
1951:
substantial fringe benefit of being permitted to bring rice from Konkan to Poona free of Octroi duty.
1131:
1094:
1088:
947:
450:
1843:"Performance in a World of Paper: Puranic Histories and Social Communication in Early Modern India*"
5020:
4958:
4942:
2077:
1010:
965:
941:
782:
730:
438:
423:
280:
3111:
The Emergence of Indian Nationalism: Competition and Collaboration in the Later Nineteenth Century
2809:
Contradictions and Conflict: A Dialectical Political Anthropology of a University in Western India
1451:
Contradictions and Conflict: A Dialectical Political Anthropology of a University in Western India
4501:
1195:
1122:
959:
530:
65:
3212:
2174:
1279:'s trial and an acquittal of a British Engineer in the death of a farmer caused by rash driving.
1275:, a Sanskrit scholar was affectionately called"Pandit Jackson".Kanhere assassinationed him for
522:, a Chitpavan, Brahmins in Maharashtra, became targets of violence, mostly by members from the
4968:
4838:
4660:
4634:
4614:
4596:
4566:
4546:
4526:
4507:
4465:
4378:
4328:
4294:
4290:
4261:
4234:
4207:
4068:
4041:
4035:
3995:
3968:
3922:
3916:
3895:
3868:
3862:
3841:
3814:
3785:
3779:
3758:
3741:
Keshavsut, Prabhakar Machwe, Indian Literature, Vol. 9, No. 3 (July–September 1966), pp. 43–51
3696:
3665:
3659:
3638:
3611:
3562:
3532:
3514:
3482:
3476:
3455:
3428:
3403:
3393:
3286:
3264:
3236:
3145:
3139:
3115:
2964:
2958:
2892:
2865:
2813:
2768:
2738:
2711:
2674:
2667:
Maureen Patterson (October 1988). Donald W. Attwood; Milton Israel; Narendra K. Wagle (eds.).
2647:
2620:
2590:
2514:
2508:
2487:
2454:
2429:
2404:
2376:
2318:
2265:
2232:
2154:
2110:
2083:
2056:
2008:
1970:
1964:
1939:
1887:
1818:
1791:
1760:
1754:
1729:
1698:
1650:
1644:
1620:
1614:
1593:
1587:
1566:
1560:
1539:
1533:
1512:
1455:
1428:
1420:
1395:
1362:
1356:
1310:
1228:
1189:
1057:(12 November 1880 – 28 November 1967), prominent Indian freedom fighter who acquired title of
1000:
820:
724:
675:
663:
364:
348:
224:
148:
57:
4322:
4201:
3989:
3835:
3690:
3526:
3230:
3109:
2886:
2859:
2762:
2707:
2641:
2614:
2584:
2104:
1475:
1449:
1304:
4757:
4228:
3632:
3449:
2483:
2261:
1850:
1785:
1506:
1272:
1262:
The book is less than 400 years old per Alexander Kyd Nairne, a British colonial era author.
1106:
1064:
1025:
877:
840:
647:
619:
61:
53:
3543:
His family of Chitpavan Brahmans, one of the greatest beneficiaries of the Peshwa regime...
1097:(1891–1910), Indian nationalist and revolutionary, hanged for the assassination of British
4999:
4973:
4911:
4796:
4732:
3891:
Dalits and the Democratic Revolution: Dr Ambedkar and the Dalit Movement in Colonial India
3372:
1233:
971:
872:
679:
523:
504:
375:
360:
276:
269:
261:
237:
172:
1043:(28 May 1883 – 26 February 1966), freedom fighter, social reformer and formulator of the
437:
of the 19th and 20th centuries came from the Chitpavan Brahmin community. These included
2546:
974:(1865–1887), first Indian woman to get a medical degree from a university in the west –
171:, Chitpavans were the one of the Hindu communities to flock to western education in the
5030:
4963:
4453:
4119:
3205:
1474:
Nairne, Alexander Kyd. History of the Konkan. Vol. 1. Asian Educational Services, 1988.
1165:
1149:
1137:
1126:
1054:
1021:
987:
885:
832:
720:
699:
611:
588:
572:
519:
515:
379:
338:
195:
152:
92:
4203:
State intervention and popular response : western India in the nineteenth century
2426:
State intervention and popular response : western India in the nineteenth century
5045:
4283:
2984:
Shahu Chhatrapati (Maharaja of Kolhapur); Vilas Adinath Sangave; B. D. Khane (1985).
2700:
1306:
Western India in the Nineteenth Century: A study in the social history of Maharashtra
1201:
1143:
893:
861:
807:
387:
330:
245:
199:
176:
2476:
2254:
1676:
Sociology of Revivalism: A Study of Indianization, Sanskritization, and Golwalkarism
4994:
4859:
4806:
4742:
4705:
4701:
4659:, Dr. A. M. Ghatage, director, Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute,
3961:
Heidelberg Student papers, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar:: Public Enemy or national Hero
3071:
1155:
1118:
1112:
1017:
852:
836:
828:
603:
559:
454:
326:
265:
3661:
Caste, society and politics in India from the eighteenth century to the modern age
2734:
The Chitpavans: social ascendancy of a creative minority in Maharashtra, 1818–1918
2369:
Heidelberg Student papers, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar: Public Enemy or national Hero
2005:
The Chitpavans: social ascendancy of a creative minority in Maharashtra, 1818–1918
1421:"Vishnubawa Brahmachari: A Champion of Hinduism in Nineteenth Century Maharashtra"
1134:(10 January 1896 – 12 January 1966), Congress leader and Member of Nehru's cabinet
4648:
4628:
4590:
4580:
4560:
4457:
3590:
3422:
3310:
3280:
2985:
2838:
2807:
2732:
2668:
2226:
1933:
1812:
1723:
1674:
1389:
956:(Krishnaji Keshav Damle) (15 March 1866 – 7 November 1905), Marathi-language poet
805:
The community has published several family history and genealogy almanacs called
256:
The Chitpavan story of shipwrecked people is similar to the legendary arrival of
4921:
4495:
3781:
The White Woman's Other Burden: Western Women and South Asia During British Rule
2616:
State Intervention and Popular Response: Western India in the Nineteenth Century
2525:
Pune's Chitpawan Brahmins would not allow any Dalit and backward to join schools
1425:
State Intervention and Popular Response: Western India in the Nineteenth Century
1161:
984:(1866–1915), early nationalist leader on the moderate wing of the Congress party
915:
844:
368:
289:
257:
203:
144:
136:
80:
899:
889:
868:
856:
848:
755:
599:
543:
4324:
Gandhi in a Canadian Context: Relationships between Mahatma Gandhi and Canada
3407:
4926:
1205:
953:
824:
734:
627:
555:
352:
285:
233:
156:
88:
4161:
Militant Nationalism in India and Its Socio-religious Background, 1897–1917
3692:
Photos of the gods : the printed image and political struggle in India
3634:
Photos of the gods : the printed image and political struggle in India
1854:
159:, the older established Brahmin community of Karnataka-Maharashtra region.
3558:
Religious Controversy in British India: Dialogues in South Asian Languages
3387:
419:
5004:
4891:
2861:
India's New Capitalists: Caste, Business, and Industry in a Modern Nation
2673:. University of Toronto, Centre for South Asian Studies. pp. 35–58.
2299:(1st ed.). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. p. 13.
1058:
1044:
716:
707:
651:
630:
623:
484:
472:
43:
17:
4374:
Historicizing Emotions: Practices and Objects in India, China, and Japan
3947:
3664:(1st, Indian ed.). Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 236.
1989:
Gokhale, B.G., 1985. The religious complex in eighteenth-century Poona.
190:
The etymology of their name is given in a legendary myth of the chapter
155:. Until the 18th century, the Chitpavans were held in low esteem by the
4901:
4285:
Anthropology in the East: founders of Indian sociology and anthropology
3837:
Plague ports : the global urban impact of bubonic plague,1894–1901
2903:...its main adherents came from those in government service, qualified
2478:
The myth of the Lokamanya : Tilak and mass politics in Maharashtra
2035:
A social history of the Deccan, 1300–1761: eight Indian lives, Volume 1
1842:
738:
667:
194:
i.e. “Origin of the Citpāvan brahmins” in the Hindu Sanskrit scripture
164:
96:
3811:
Tilak and Gokhale: Revolution and Reform in the Making of Modern India
3730:
Tilak and Gokhale: revolution and reform in the making of modern India
3608:
Tilak and Gokhale: Revolution and Reform in the Making of Modern India
3592:
The Miscellaneous Writings of the Late Hon'ble Mr. Justice M.G. Ranade
2987:
Rajarshi Shahu Chhatrapati Papers: 1900–1905 A.D.: Vedokta controversy
2451:
Tilak and Gokhale: Revolution and Reform in the Making of Modern India
2401:
Tilak and Gokhale: Revolution and Reform in the Making of Modern India
2315:
Tilak and Gokhale: Revolution and Reform in the Making of Modern India
1508:
Tilak and Gokhale: Revolution and Reform in the Making of Modern India
4931:
4896:
4747:
4717:
1238:
1102:
990:(1862–1925), woman social acitivist, reformer, founder of Seva Sadan
881:
688:
634:
615:
547:
408:
342:
293:
207:
140:
132:
76:
2179:
Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute, Vol. 8; page 182.
1009:, a social reformer, who, along with two other reformers – Chairman
1067:(30 April 1870 – 16 February 1944), pioneer of Indian film industry
1033:(1872–1947), writer, journalist, nationalist leader. served on the
5025:
4936:
4916:
4906:
4843:
4801:
4709:
2920:"Searching for identity among Dalit middle class in Maharashtra".
1185:
1175:
1014:
938:
who led an armed rebellion against the British. Later an Educator.
671:
551:
465:
418:
404:
320:
104:
4609:
Patterson, Maureen (2007), Bernard S. Cohn, Milton Singer (ed.),
4354:
The Saffron Wave: Democracy and Hindu Nationalism in Modern India
4064:
The Myth of the Lokamanya: Tilak and Mass Politics in Maharashtra
3754:
The Myth of the Lokamanya: Tilak and Mass Politics in Maharashtra
2290:
2288:
2256:
The myth of the Lokamanya: Tilak and mass politics in Maharashtra
1198:(1930–1986) – Marathi Actor and First superstar on Marathi Stage.
1073:(25 November 1872 – 26 August 1948), editor of Kesari and Navakal
4664:
3454:. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 9.
2939:
2194:
New history of the Marathas: Sunset over Maharashtra (1772–1848)
1886:. AldineTransaction (Transaction Publishers). pp. 399–400.
1164:(1919–2005) – co-conspirator in the assassination of Gandhi and
991:
935:
871:, military leaders under the Peshwa and later rulers of various
776:
as follows and adds that some kind of dancing is also involved:
759:
684:
356:
115:, a rite performed on important occasions like birth or marriage
4674:
4542:
Battles of the honourable East India Company: making of the Raj
3354:
Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol VI Inscriptions of Silaharas
167:'s successors. He adds that after the defeat of Peshwas in the
4713:
4503:
Language and society : steps towards an integrated theory
3864:
Dalit Women's Education in Modern India: Double Discrimination
968:(1858–1962), social reformer and advocate of women's education
471:
The Chitpavan community includes two major politicians in the
272:
in which low caste Hindus try to elavate their social status.
84:
4525:, Cambridge South Asian Studies, Cambridge University Press,
3263:
Gordon Johnson (1970). Edmund leach; S. N. Mukherjee (eds.).
2764:
Wages of Violence: Naming and Identity in Postcolonial Bombay
2586:
Wages of Violence: Naming and Identity in Postcolonial Bombay
1178: philosopher, spiritual leader, and social revolutionary
4647:
Deccan College Post-graduate and Research Institute (1947),
3356:. Calcutta: Archeological Survey of India. pp. 167–168.
2106:
Dr Ambedkar and Untouchability: Analysing and Fighting Caste
1646:
The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths
950:(1856 – June 1895), journalist, educator and social reformer
596:
Center for the Study of Developing Societies in India (CSDS)
4185:
for the people. Rather, they were subject to great tyranny.
3991:
Divine Enterprise: Gurus and the Hindu Nationalist Movement
1911:
Gordon Johnson (1970). Edmund Leach; S.N.Mukherjee (eds.).
1158:(1911–1949) – co-conspirator in the assassination of Gandhi
1152:(19 May 1910 – 15 November 1949), Mahatma Gandhi's assassin
914:(1842–1901), judge and social reformer. Given the title of
347:
Very little is known of the Chitpavans before 1707 CE
4415:"Shah Rukh is not a good dancer but has charisma: Madhuri"
4281:
Patricia Uberoi; Nandini Sundar; Satish Deshpande (2008).
4019:. Senapati Bapat Centenary Celebration Samiti. p. 2.
3424:
The Fiery Quill: Nationalism and Literature in Maharashtra
2343:"Vinayak Damodar Savarkar: Public Enemy or national Hero?"
2308:
2306:
1079:(1860–1936), eminent maestro of Hindustani classical music
483:, the founder of the Hindu nationalist political ideology
227:
and there were earlier suggestions of similarity with the
4562:
Dynamics of cultural revolution: 19th century Maharashtra
2209:
Dynamics of cultural revolution: 19th century Maharashtra
4115:"Bharat Ratna P. V. Kane: An Embodiment of Dharmasastra"
4037:
Gods in the Bazaar: The Economies of Indian Calendar Art
3186:
The Chitpavans: social ascendancy of a creative minority
3072:
Deccan College Post-graduate and Research Institute 1947
2510:
Approaching Humankind: Towards an Intercultural Humanism
1814:
How the Brahmins won : from Alexander to the Guptas
1725:
The Bene Israel of Bombay: A Study of a Jewish Community
1391:
Language and society: steps towards an integrated theory
542:
The violence after the assassination affected Chitpavan
3229:
C. J. Fuller; Haripriya Narasimhan (11 November 2014).
2702:
Hindu Nationalism: Origins, Ideologies and Modern Myths
2613:
V.M.Sirsikar (1999). Mariam Dossal; Ruby Malon (eds.).
1535:
Jewish Communities of India: Identity in a Colonial Era
187:
The Chitpavans are also known as Kokanastha Brahmins.
2055:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 101, 104, 105.
2790:
Encyclopedia of world cultures: South Asia – Volume 2
2336:
2334:
407:
were subjected to degradation during the rule of the
240:
unanimously rejected the Brahmin status claim of the
3285:. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 1804,2079.
2482:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p.
598:, lists Indian communities that were traditionally "
5013:
4987:
4951:
4884:
4868:
4852:
4831:
4815:
4789:
4756:
4725:
4649:"Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute"
610:) from Maharashtra; the South Indian Brahmins; the
72:
49:
39:
34:
4436:"Chintaman Ganesh Kolhatkar | Library Mantra"
4282:
4141:Sunanda Swarup (1983). "The Nasik assassination".
3232:Tamil Brahmans: The Making of a Middle-Class Caste
3204:
2960:Handbook of twentieth century literatures of India
2699:
2537:Swapan Dasgupta, Smruti Koppikar (3 August 1998).
2475:
2253:
2046:
2044:
908:(1825–1871), 19th-century Marathi Hindu revivalist
902:(Gopal Hari Deshmukh) (1823–1892), social reformer
4653:Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute
4230:Dattatreya Ramachandra Bendre (Ambikatanayadatta)
3528:Gokhale: The Indian Moderates and the British Raj
1935:Poona in the Eighteenth Century: An Urban History
218:, the community was henceforth known by the name
27:Indian Brahmin sub-caste inhabiting Konkan region
4327:. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. p. 54.
3386:Milton B. Singer; Bernard S. Cohn, eds. (2007).
3144:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 132–134.
2957:Deo, Shripad D. (1996). Nalini Natarajan (ed.).
2568:Arnold P. Goldstein, Marshall H. Segall (1983).
1115:(1895–1982), Gandhian leader and freedom fighter
1091:(1880–1972), Indologist and Bharat Ratna awardee
4067:. University of California Press. p. 222.
3840:. New York : New York Univ. Press. p. 66.
2453:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 32.
2403:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 19.
2317:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 32.
1350:
1348:
778:
535:
392:
378:and his family to the supreme authority of the
3967:. Dresden: Heidelberg University. p. 10.
3813:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 2.
3610:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 9.
3035:
2589:. Princeton University Press. pp. 28–35.
2375:. Dresden: Heidelberg University. p. 10.
1880:Cohn, Bernard S; Singer, Milton, eds. (2007).
1875:
1873:
1871:
1619:. Jason Aronson, Incorporated. pp. 216–.
1589:Encyclopedia of Jewish Folklore and Traditions
4686:
2513:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 157–.
2394:
2392:
2297:The New Brahmans: Five Maharashtrian Families
529:V. M. Sirsikar, a political scientist at the
495:, drew their inspiration from fringe groups.
8:
4316:
4314:
4195:
4193:
4040:. Duke University Press Books. p. 151.
3589:Mahadev Govind Ranade (Rao Bahadur) (1992).
3501:
3047:
2670:City, countryside and society in Maharashtra
1638:
1636:
505:Marathi_Brahmin § Anti-Brahmin_violence
4180:Sacred offerings into the flames of freedom
4113:Murthy, A.V. Narasimha (13 November 2020).
4017:Portrait of a revolutionary: Senapati Bapat
3994:. University of Chicago Press. p. 72.
3235:. University of Chicago Press. p. 62.
2643:The Untold Vajpayee: Politician and Paradox
2424:Mariam Dossal and Ruby Maloni, ed. (1999).
2187:
2185:
1969:. Cambridge University Press. p. 109.
1915:. Cambridge University Press. p. 100.
1298:
1296:
4693:
4679:
4671:
3531:. Princeton University Press. p. 17.
3392:. New Brunswick, N.J.: AldineTransaction.
3269:. Cambridge University Press. p. 105.
2963:. Westport: Greenwood Press. p. 212.
2767:. Princeton University Press. p. 29.
2220:
2218:
1728:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing. p. 16.
1423:. In Dossal, Mariam; Maloni, Ruby (eds.).
4233:. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. p. 7.
4206:. Mumbai: Popular Prakashan. p. 87.
4200:Ruby Maloni; Mariam Dossal, eds. (1999).
3757:. Univ of California Press. p. 222.
3023:
2864:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 50–51.
2756:
2754:
2428:. Mumbai: Popular Prakashan. p. 87.
2228:Dalits in Modern India: Vision and Values
1511:. Univ of California Press. pp. 3–.
934:(1845–1883), a petty government clerk in
626:from northern India; the Probasi and the
499:Anti-Brahmin violence in the 20th century
244:of the western coast of Maharashtra. The
4579:Śejavalakara, Tryambaka Śaṅkara (1946),
4340:alleged enemies of Brahminical Hinduism.
4182:. Vande Mataram Foundation. p. 27.
4061:Richard I. Cashman (25 September 2018).
2608:
2606:
2082:. Oxford University Press. p. 151.
2028:
2026:
2024:
1991:Journal of the American Oriental Society
1938:. Oxford University Press. p. 110.
1649:. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 262–.
723:and the Chitpavans and Shukla Yajurvedi
646:Chitpavan Brahmins in Maharashtra speak
550:, where the Marathas were joined by the
308:the clerks at the time were Chitpavans.
4627:Leach, Edmund; Mukherjee, S. N (1970),
4488:Western India in the Nineteenth Century
3095:
3011:
2792:. Macmillan Reference USA. p. 69.
2583:Thomas Blom Hansen (18 November 2001).
2134:Tryambaka Śaṅkara Śejavalakara (1946).
2079:The State and Society in Medieval India
1383:
1381:
1361:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 329–.
1292:
1255:
976:Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania
922:Vishnushastri Krushnashastri Chiplunkar
4611:Structure and Change in Indian Society
4506:. Leiden: E.J. Brill. pp. 32–42.
4371:Schuler, Barbara (11 September 2017).
3389:Structure and change in Indian society
2990:. Shahu Research Institute. p. 4.
2051:Edmund Leach, S. N. Mukherjee (1970).
1883:Structure and Change in Indian Society
1309:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 41–.
754:Traditionally, Chitpavan Brahmins are
594:D.L.Sheth, the former director of the
382:, Chitpavan immigrants began arriving
31:
3138:Gordon, Stewart (16 September 1993).
3083:
2843:. Jaico Publishing House. p. 8.
2231:. SAGE Publishing India. p. 95.
1756:Jews and India: Perceptions and Image
1695:Jews and India: Perceptions and Image
1562:Jews and India: Perceptions and Image
711:or village-level debates between the
546:family ruled princely states such as
433:Some of the prominent figures in the
135:, the coastal region of the state of
7:
3751:Cashman, Richard I. (14 June 2024).
3695:. London: Reaktion. pp. 46–47.
3211:. Lalvani Publishing House. p.
3207:Caste, Prejudice, and the Individual
3169:. Shubhi Publications. p. 204.
3059:
2928:. Indian Social Institute: 72. 2000.
2806:Donald V. Kurtz (31 December 1993).
2260:. University of California. p.
2196:. Phoenix Publications. p. 254.
2007:. Shubhi Publications. p. 113.
1963:Stewart Gordon (16 September 1993).
1355:Percival Griffiths (23 April 2019).
1121:(1896–1981), poet and writer in the
880:, spied for the British against the
666:openly disparaged the Chitpavans as
4545:, APH Publishing, pp. 78–105,
4260:. Penguin Books India. p. 42.
3475:Gordon, Stewart (1 February 2007).
1772:along the lines of Sanskritisation.
1679:. Kalamkar Prakashan. p. 105.
1616:Jewish Communities in Exotic Places
1140:(1903–1971), an early RSS pracharak
864:(1742–1800), regent to Madhavrao II
5052:Brahmin communities of Maharashtra
3894:. SAGE Publications. p. 138.
3809:Wolpert, Stanley A. (April 1991).
3606:Wolpert, Stanley A. (April 1991).
3555:Jones, Kenneth W. (January 1992).
2646:. Random House India. p. 39.
2449:Wolpert, Stanley A. (April 1991).
2399:Wolpert, Stanley A. (April 1991).
2313:Wolpert, Stanley A. (April 1991).
2192:Govind Sakharam Sardesai (1986) .
1753:Yulia Egorova (22 February 2008).
1559:Yulia Egorova (22 February 2008).
1532:Joan G. Roland (16 January 2018).
1505:Stanley Wolpert (8 January 2021).
1427:. Popular Prakashan. p. 163.
1394:. Leiden: E.J. Brill. p. 34.
1303:Ravinder Kumar (28 October 2013).
687:reserved for Deshastha priests at
151:became the de facto rulers of the
25:
3427:. Popular Prakashan. p. 40.
3367:"Chitpavan Brahmins, a history".
2619:. Popular Prakashan. p. 11.
2109:. Permanent Black. pp. 21–.
1790:. Orient Blackswan. pp. 5–.
962:(1858–1892), Indian lexicographer
924:(1850–1882), essayist, editor of
3921:. Haymarket Books. p. 129.
3888:Omvedt, Gail (30 January 1994).
3637:. London: Reaktion. p. 48.
3352:Mirashi, Vasudev Vishnu (1977).
2570:Aggression in global perspective
2507:Jörn Rüsen, ed. (19 June 2013).
2153:. CUP Archive. pp. 74, 78.
1192: (Swadhyaya Family) in 1954
1007:Gangadhar Nilkanth Sahasrabuddhe
4458:"Chapter XIV – A Konkan Legend"
3327:"Bodan Vidhi (बोडण विधी)- Book"
1586:Raphael Patai (26 March 2015).
1047:philosophy. Popularly known as
333:and attendants, at Pune in 1792
242:Gaud Saraswat Brahmins (Shenvi)
206:, the sixth incarnation of God
4633:, Cambridge University Press,
4500:Singh, R.; Lele, J.K. (1989).
4356:. Princeton University Press.
4254:Jaffrelot, Christophe (1999).
3861:Shailaja Paik (11 July 2014).
3481:. Cambridge University Press.
2149:Anil Seal (2 September 1971).
1643:Roshen Dalal (18 April 2014).
1388:Singh, R.; Lele, J.K. (1989).
1184: (1920–2003) was an
713:Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhus
608:Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhus
510:Mahatma Gandhi's assassination
284:with the standard practice of
109:Chitpavan Brahmins practising
1:
4876:Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu
4726:Maratha and associated groups
4490:. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
4159:Bimanbehari Majumdar (1966).
3958:Wolf, Siegfried, ed. (2009).
3315:. R. Joshi. pp. 41, 159.
3282:India's Communities, Volume 5
2891:. Penguin Books. p. 28.
2888:The Great Indian Middle class
2858:H. Damodaran (25 June 2008).
2366:Wolf, Siegfried, ed. (2009).
2225:Michael, S. M. (3 May 2007).
2103:Christophe Jaffrelot (2006).
1811:Bronkhorst, Johannes (2016).
1119:Dattatreya Ramachandra Bendre
1071:Krushnaji Prabhakar Khadilkar
996:Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade
719:Brahmins and the Chitpavans,
509:
264:. According to the historian
202:. According to this chapter,
35:Chitpavan/Kokanastha Brahmins
5067:Social groups of Maharashtra
4178:Pramod Maruti Mande (2005).
3689:Pinney, Christopher (2004).
3631:Pinney, Christopher (2004).
2761:Hansen, Thomas Blom (2001).
2474:Cashman, Richard I. (1975).
1592:. Routledge. pp. 256–.
1172:Ramachandra Dattatrya Ranade
1083:Vishwanath Kashinath Rajwade
317:Rise during the Maratha rule
4766:Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmins
4521:O'Hanlon, Rosalind (2002),
4352:Thomas Blom Hansen (1999).
4145:. 35–36. Bharat Prakashan.
3988:Lise McKean (15 May 1996).
3778:Kumari Jayawardena (1995).
3561:. SUNY Press. p. 238.
3114:. CUP Archive. p. 78.
2788:Paul Hockings, ed. (1992).
2252:Cashman, Richard I (1975).
1841:O’Hanlon, Rosalind (2013).
1722:Strizower, Schifra (1971).
1358:The British Impact on India
1216:Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
1146:(1905–1970), anthropologist
1035:Viceroy's Executive Council
793:Bodan finds mention in the
351:, a Chitpavan arrived from
5093:
5062:Brahmin communities of Goa
4771:Kudaldeshkar Gaud Brahmins
3915:Arundhati Roy (May 2017).
3784:. Routledge. p. 104.
3036:Leach & Mukherjee 1970
2295:Karve, Dinakar D. (1963).
1613:Ken Blady (1 March 2000).
1565:. Routledge. p. 137.
1538:. Routledge. p. 462.
1336:India, the Rebel Continent
1212:Chintaman Ganesh Kolhatkar
1182:Pandurang Shastri Athavale
1031:Narasimha Chintaman Kelkar
1020:and A. V. Chitre – helped
502:
461:going to England in 1919.
336:
298:Kudaldeshkar Gaud Brahmins
110:
4781:Rajapur Saraswat Brahmins
3834:Echenberg, Myron (2006).
3491:– via Google Books.
3312:Folk-dance of Maharashtra
3165:Gokhale, Sandhya (2008).
2176:The Surat Episode of 1759
1930:Balkrishna Govind Gokhale
1759:. Routledge. p. 85.
1448:Kurtz, Donald V. (1993).
1419:Conlon, Frank F. (1999).
1077:Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande
694:After the appointment of
3448:Chaurasia, R.S. (2004).
3184:Sandhya Gokhale (2008).
2731:Sandhya Gokhale (2008).
2173:Shejwalkar, T.S. (1947)
2003:Sandhya Gokhale (2008).
1673:K.K.Gangadharan (1970).
1174:(1886–1956) was an
1041:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
678:were also joined by the
481:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
447:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
192:citpāvanabrāhmaṇotpattiḥ
4486:Ravinder Kumar (1968).
4321:Alex Damm, ed. (2017).
3451:History of the Marathas
3203:A. C. Paranjpe (1970).
2885:Pavan K. Varma (2007).
2545:: 24–26. Archived from
2033:Richard Maxwell Eaton.
1693:Egorova, Yulia (2006).
1277:Ganesh Damodar Savarkar
691:on the Godavari river.
5077:Vegetarian communities
4776:Gaud Saraswat Brahmins
4738:Gomantak Maratha Samaj
4539:Naravane, M.S (2006),
3525:Bal Ram Nanda (1977).
3478:The Marathas 1600-1818
3421:Gokhale, B.G. (1998).
3309:A. J. Agarkar (1950).
3141:The Marathas 1600–1818
3038:, pp. 101, 104–5.
2812:. BRILL. p. 64-.
2737:. Shubhi. p. 82.
2698:Bhatt, Chetan (2001).
1966:The Marathas 1600–1818
1817:. Brill. p. 121.
1787:India Through the Ages
1085:(1863–1926), historian
988:Ramabai Mahadev Ranade
932:Vasudev Balwant Phadke
906:Vishnubawa Brahmachari
788:
772:A.J.Agarkar describes
762:is their staple food.
696:Balaji Vishwanath Bhat
540:
435:Hindu reform movements
426:
401:
374:With the ascension of
334:
302:Gaud Saraswat Brahmins
116:
4979:Mangalorean Catholics
4613:, AldineTransaction,
4494:Chitpavans under the
4377:. Brill. p. 85.
4015:Y. D. Phadke (1981).
3658:Bayly, Susan (2000).
2837:M. V. Kamath (1991).
1993:, 105(4), pp.719-724.
1454:. BRILL. p. 62.
1244:Maharashtrian Brahmin
1061:, meaning "Commander"
982:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
912:Mahadev Govind Ranade
823:and his descendants,
477:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
443:Mahadev Govind Ranade
422:
399:) of the whole world.
349:Balaji Vishwanth Bhat
324:
131:community inhabiting
129:Maharashtrian Brahmin
108:
4630:Elites in South Asia
4559:Śinde, J. R (1985),
4034:Jain, Kajri (2007).
3728:Stanley A. Wolpert,
3266:Elites in South Asia
2207:J. R. Śinde (1985).
2076:J.S. Grewal (2005).
2053:Elites in South Asia
1913:elites in south asia
1855:10.1093/pastj/gtt004
1132:Narhar Vishnu Gadgil
1095:Anant Laxman Kanhere
1089:Pandurang Vaman Kane
948:Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
715:and the Chitpavans,
518:'s assassination by
451:Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
403:On the other hand,
183:Etymology and origin
5021:Caste system in Goa
4959:Bombay East Indians
4943:Siddis of Karnataka
4589:Seal, Anil (1971),
4289:. Seagull. p.
4227:Amur, G.S. (1994).
2640:Ullekh N P (2018).
2341:Wolf, Siegfried O.
1011:Surendranath Tipnis
966:Dhondo Keshav Karve
942:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
731:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
439:Dhondo Keshav Karve
424:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
281:Johannes Bronkhorst
4823:Chitpavan Brahmins
4743:Naik Maratha Samaj
3595:. Sahitya Akademi.
3108:Anil Seal (1971).
3062:, pp. 74, 78.
2549:on 7 December 2007
2138:. pp. 24, 25.
1847:Past & Present
1196:Kashinath Ghanekar
1168:'s younger brother
1051:("Brave" Savarkar)
960:Vaman Shivram Apte
733:believed that the
725:Deshastha Brahmins
676:Deshastha Brahmins
664:Deshastha Brahmins
614:from Gujarat; the
531:University of Pune
473:Gandhian tradition
427:
335:
169:Anglo-Maratha wars
125:Kokanastha Brahmin
117:
66:Chitpavani Konkani
5039:
5038:
4969:Karwari Catholics
4640:978-0-521-10765-5
4620:978-0-202-36138-3
4602:978-0-521-09652-2
4552:978-81-313-0034-3
4532:978-0-521-52308-0
4471:978-1-4068-5154-0
4462:By Ways of Bombay
4267:978-0-14-024602-5
4001:978-0-226-56010-6
3974:978-3-86801-076-3
3847:978-0-8147-2232-9
3764:978-0-520-41485-3
3671:978-0-5217-9842-6
3434:978-81-7154-805-7
3399:978-0-202-36138-3
3331:thechitpavana.org
3151:978-0-521-26883-7
3048:Śejavalakara 1946
2970:978-0-31328-778-7
2871:978-0-230-59412-8
2774:978-0-69108-840-2
2744:978-81-8290-132-2
2680:978-0-9692907-2-8
2520:978-3-8470-0058-7
2382:978-3-86801-076-3
2271:978-0-520-02407-6
2238:978-93-5280-287-6
2160:978-0-521-09652-2
2116:978-81-7824-156-2
2062:978-0-521-10765-5
2014:978-81-8290-132-2
1976:978-0-521-26883-7
1893:978-0-202-36138-3
1824:978-90-04-31551-8
1766:978-1-134-14654-3
1735:978-0-8052-3405-3
1704:978-0-203-96123-0
1656:978-81-8475-396-7
1626:978-1-4616-2908-5
1599:978-1-317-47171-4
1572:978-1-134-14654-3
1545:978-1-351-30982-0
1518:978-0-520-32340-7
1488:Studia Orientalia
1461:978-9-00409-828-2
1434:978-8-17154-855-2
1401:978-9-00408-789-7
1368:978-0-429-61424-8
1316:978-1-135-03145-9
1229:Deshastha Brahmin
1190:Swadhyaya Parivar
1001:Chapekar brothers
821:Balaji Vishwanath
783:Goddess Annapurna
737:, Chitpavans and
365:Chhatrapati Shahu
236:, Chitpavans and
229:Sadbodhacintāmaṇi
225:Deshastha Brahmin
149:Balaji Vishwanath
121:Chitpavan Brahmin
103:
102:
16:(Redirected from
5084:
5014:Related articles
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4478:
4464:. Echo Library.
4456:(31 July 2009).
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3504:, p. 27-28.
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3063:
3057:
3051:
3050:, pp. 24–5.
3045:
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2722:
2721:
2706:. Berg. p.
2705:
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2610:
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2558:
2556:
2554:
2539:"Godse on Trial"
2534:
2528:
2527:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2481:
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2446:
2440:
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2435:978-81715-4855-2
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1849:(219): 100–101.
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1273:A. M. T. Jackson
1269:
1263:
1260:
1125:. Winner of the
1123:Kannada language
1107:A. M. T. Jackson
1065:Dadasaheb Phalke
1026:Mahad Satyagraha
878:Balaji Pant Natu
841:Sadashivrao Bhau
680:Karhade Brahmins
620:Kashmiri Pandits
491:and finally the
91:, some parts of
73:Populated states
32:
21:
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5091:
5087:
5086:
5085:
5083:
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5000:Konkani Muslims
4983:
4974:Koli Christians
4952:Roman Catholics
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4912:Gauda and Kunbi
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4864:
4848:
4827:
4811:
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4752:
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4646:
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4603:
4595:, CUP Archive,
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4538:
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4447:Further reading
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3373:Pune University
3366:
3365:
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3346:
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3333:. 12 March 2024
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3188:. p. 147.
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2577:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2521:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2461:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2411:
2398:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2372:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2340:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2312:
2311:
2304:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2239:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2191:
2190:
2183:
2172:
2168:
2161:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2117:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2090:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2050:
2049:
2042:
2032:
2031:
2022:
2015:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1946:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1894:
1879:
1878:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1825:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1798:
1784:Sarkar (1993).
1783:
1782:
1778:
1767:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1736:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1705:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1657:
1642:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1600:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1519:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1435:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1402:
1387:
1386:
1379:
1369:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1338:. p. 183.
1333:
1332:
1328:
1317:
1302:
1301:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1234:Karhade Brahmin
1225:
972:Anandibai Joshi
888:and raised the
873:princely states
817:
803:
795:Akshi Shilalekh
770:
752:
721:Pathare Prabhus
660:
644:
616:Punjabi Khatris
581:
568:
560:Bombay Province
512:
507:
501:
489:Hindu Mahasabha
417:
376:Balaji Baji Rao
345:
337:Main articles:
319:
314:
277:Jadunath Sarkar
270:Sanskritisation
262:Raigad district
238:Karhade Brahmin
185:
173:Bombay Province
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5090:
5088:
5080:
5079:
5074:
5072:Marathi people
5069:
5064:
5059:
5057:Konkani people
5054:
5044:
5043:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5031:Konkani people
5028:
5023:
5017:
5015:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4964:Goan Catholics
4961:
4955:
4953:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4940:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4878:
4872:
4870:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4856:
4854:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4841:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4793:
4791:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4762:
4760:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4722:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4690:
4683:
4675:
4669:
4668:
4644:
4639:
4624:
4619:
4606:
4601:
4586:
4576:
4571:
4556:
4551:
4536:
4531:
4518:
4512:
4492:
4483:
4470:
4454:S. M. Edwardes
4448:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4427:
4419:Times of India
4406:
4397:
4383:
4363:
4344:
4333:
4310:
4299:
4273:
4266:
4246:
4239:
4219:
4212:
4189:
4170:
4163:. p. 94.
4151:
4133:
4120:Star of Mysore
4105:
4096:
4087:
4073:
4053:
4047:978-0822389736
4046:
4026:
4007:
4000:
3980:
3973:
3950:
3938:
3927:
3907:
3900:
3880:
3873:
3853:
3846:
3826:
3820:978-0195623925
3819:
3801:
3790:
3770:
3763:
3743:
3734:
3721:
3712:
3702:978-1861891846
3701:
3681:
3670:
3650:
3643:
3623:
3617:978-0195623925
3616:
3598:
3581:
3567:
3547:
3537:
3517:
3506:
3494:
3487:
3467:
3460:
3440:
3433:
3413:
3398:
3378:
3359:
3344:
3318:
3301:
3291:
3272:
3255:
3241:
3221:
3195:
3176:
3157:
3150:
3130:
3120:
3100:
3088:
3076:
3074:, p. 182.
3064:
3052:
3040:
3028:
3026:, p. 398.
3024:Patterson 2007
3016:
3014:, p. 113.
3004:
2993:
2976:
2969:
2949:
2931:
2912:
2897:
2877:
2870:
2850:
2829:
2818:
2798:
2780:
2773:
2750:
2743:
2723:
2716:
2690:
2679:
2659:
2652:
2632:
2625:
2602:
2595:
2575:
2572:. p. 245.
2560:
2529:
2519:
2499:
2492:
2466:
2460:978-0195623925
2459:
2441:
2434:
2416:
2410:978-0195623925
2409:
2388:
2381:
2358:
2330:
2324:978-0195623925
2323:
2302:
2284:
2270:
2244:
2237:
2214:
2199:
2181:
2166:
2159:
2141:
2126:
2115:
2095:
2088:
2068:
2061:
2040:
2037:. p. 192.
2020:
2013:
1995:
1982:
1975:
1955:
1944:
1921:
1903:
1892:
1867:
1833:
1823:
1803:
1796:
1776:
1765:
1745:
1734:
1714:
1703:
1697:. p. 85.
1685:
1665:
1655:
1632:
1625:
1605:
1598:
1578:
1571:
1551:
1544:
1524:
1517:
1497:
1490:(108): 37,39.
1478:
1467:
1460:
1440:
1433:
1411:
1400:
1377:
1367:
1344:
1326:
1315:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1264:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1209:
1204:(born 1967) –
1199:
1193:
1179:
1169:
1166:Nathuram Godse
1159:
1153:
1150:Nathuram Godse
1147:
1141:
1138:Babasaheb Apte
1135:
1129:
1127:Jnanpith Award
1116:
1110:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1055:Senapati Bapat
1052:
1038:
1028:
1004:
998:
985:
979:
969:
963:
957:
951:
945:
939:
929:
919:
909:
903:
897:
886:Maratha Empire
875:
865:
859:
833:Balaji Bajirao
816:
815:Notable people
813:
808:Kulavruttantas
802:
799:
769:
764:
751:
748:
659:
656:
643:
640:
612:Nagar Brahmins
589:Maratha Empire
580:
577:
567:
564:
520:Nathuram Godse
516:Mahatma Gandhi
511:
508:
503:Main article:
500:
497:
416:
413:
380:Maratha Empire
339:Maratha Empire
318:
315:
313:
310:
196:Sahyadrikhanda
184:
181:
153:Maratha empire
101:
100:
93:Madhya Pradesh
74:
70:
69:
51:
47:
46:
41:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5089:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4950:
4944:
4941:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4883:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4830:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4814:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4759:
4755:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4706:social groups
4703:
4702:Ethnic groups
4696:
4691:
4689:
4684:
4682:
4677:
4676:
4673:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4645:
4642:
4636:
4632:
4631:
4625:
4622:
4616:
4612:
4607:
4604:
4598:
4594:
4593:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4577:
4574:
4572:9780836415247
4568:
4564:
4563:
4557:
4554:
4548:
4544:
4543:
4537:
4534:
4528:
4524:
4519:
4515:
4513:9789004087897
4509:
4505:
4504:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4484:
4473:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4437:
4431:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4410:
4407:
4401:
4398:
4386:
4384:9789004352964
4380:
4376:
4375:
4367:
4364:
4360:
4355:
4348:
4345:
4341:
4336:
4334:9781771122603
4330:
4326:
4325:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4302:
4300:9781905422784
4296:
4292:
4287:
4286:
4277:
4274:
4269:
4263:
4259:
4258:
4250:
4247:
4242:
4240:9788172015152
4236:
4232:
4231:
4223:
4220:
4215:
4213:9788171548552
4209:
4205:
4204:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4181:
4174:
4171:
4167:
4162:
4155:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4137:
4134:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4109:
4106:
4100:
4097:
4091:
4088:
4076:
4074:9780520303805
4070:
4066:
4065:
4057:
4054:
4049:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4030:
4027:
4023:
4018:
4011:
4008:
4003:
3997:
3993:
3992:
3984:
3981:
3976:
3970:
3963:
3962:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3930:
3928:9781608467983
3924:
3920:
3919:
3911:
3908:
3903:
3901:9788132119838
3897:
3893:
3892:
3884:
3881:
3876:
3874:9781317673309
3870:
3867:. Routledge.
3866:
3865:
3857:
3854:
3849:
3843:
3839:
3838:
3830:
3827:
3822:
3816:
3812:
3805:
3802:
3798:
3793:
3791:9781136657146
3787:
3783:
3782:
3774:
3771:
3766:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3747:
3744:
3738:
3735:
3731:
3725:
3722:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3704:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3673:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3654:
3651:
3646:
3644:9781861891846
3640:
3636:
3635:
3627:
3624:
3619:
3613:
3609:
3602:
3599:
3594:
3593:
3585:
3582:
3570:
3568:9780791408278
3564:
3560:
3559:
3551:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3538:9781400870493
3534:
3530:
3529:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3502:O'Hanlon 2002
3498:
3495:
3490:
3488:9780521033169
3484:
3480:
3479:
3471:
3468:
3463:
3461:9788126903948
3457:
3453:
3452:
3444:
3441:
3436:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3417:
3414:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3382:
3379:
3374:
3370:
3363:
3360:
3355:
3348:
3345:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3314:
3313:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3292:9780195633542
3288:
3284:
3283:
3276:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3259:
3256:
3244:
3242:9780226152882
3238:
3234:
3233:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3208:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3180:
3177:
3173:
3168:
3167:The Chitpwans
3161:
3158:
3153:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3121:9780521096522
3117:
3113:
3112:
3104:
3101:
3098:, p. 95.
3097:
3092:
3089:
3086:, p. 16.
3085:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3068:
3065:
3061:
3056:
3053:
3049:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2997:
2994:
2989:
2988:
2980:
2977:
2972:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2953:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2927:
2923:
2922:Social Action
2916:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2905:professionals
2900:
2898:9780143103257
2894:
2890:
2889:
2881:
2878:
2873:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2842:
2841:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2819:90-04-09828-3
2815:
2811:
2810:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2784:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2746:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2727:
2724:
2719:
2717:9781859733486
2713:
2709:
2704:
2703:
2694:
2691:
2687:
2682:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2663:
2660:
2655:
2653:9789385990816
2649:
2645:
2644:
2636:
2633:
2628:
2626:9788171548552
2622:
2618:
2617:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2596:0-691-08840-3
2592:
2588:
2587:
2579:
2576:
2571:
2564:
2561:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2503:
2500:
2495:
2493:9780520024076
2489:
2485:
2480:
2479:
2470:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2452:
2445:
2442:
2437:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2417:
2412:
2406:
2402:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2378:
2371:
2370:
2362:
2359:
2344:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2320:
2316:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2273:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2257:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2211:. p. 16.
2210:
2203:
2200:
2195:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2170:
2167:
2162:
2156:
2152:
2145:
2142:
2137:
2136:Panipat: 1761
2130:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2099:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2072:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2054:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1945:9780195621372
1941:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1807:
1804:
1799:
1797:9788125015765
1793:
1789:
1788:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1696:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1678:
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4390:27 November
3732:(1962) p ix
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2944:www.csds.in
2846:Deshasthas.
2543:India Today
1162:Gopal Godse
1024:during the
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538:properties.
415:British Era
369:Bhat family
290:Bene Israel
258:Bene Israel
251:cittapāvana
220:Chitapavan
204:Parashurama
145:Bhat family
137:Maharashtra
127:is a Hindu
81:Maharashtra
5046:Categories
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3708:brahman...
3084:Śinde 1985
2089:0195667204
1287:References
1271:Collector
900:Lokhitwadi
890:Union Jack
857:Bajirao II
849:Narayanrao
756:vegetarian
735:Deshasthas
544:Patwardhan
441:, Justice
275:Historian
4927:Komarpant
4839:Daivadnya
4832:Daivadnya
4758:Saraswats
4143:Organiser
3408:155122029
3375:: 14, 15.
3060:Seal 1971
2264:, 20,21.
1206:Bollywood
1099:Collector
1037:(1924–29)
978:– in 1886
954:Keshavsut
825:Bajirao I
801:Genealogy
708:Gramanyas
628:Bhadralok
624:Kayasthas
556:Lingayats
353:Ratnagiri
286:Kanyadana
234:Deshastha
232:that the
157:Deshastha
143:from the
89:Karnataka
79:(Coastal
50:Languages
40:Religions
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5005:Nawayath
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1932:(1988).
1223:See also
1059:Senapati
1045:Hindutva
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739:Karhades
717:Saraswat
668:parvenus
652:Sanskrit
642:Language
631:Bengalis
566:Military
554:and the
485:Hindutva
384:en masse
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4853:Vaishya
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4733:Maratha
2553:29 June
2277:2 April
1860:8 April
1218:in 1957
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1109:in 1910
1013:of the
674:". The
648:Marathi
579:Culture
526:caste.
524:Maratha
409:Peshwas
390:wrote:
355:to the
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312:History
198:of the
165:Shivaji
123:or the
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62:Kannada
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1250:Notes
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4082:2018
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