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655:. Depending on the topography and the geological strata of the land, the fort walls were built with the height ranging from 5–13 metres (16–43 ft). Initially, it was built in mud but was subsequently strengthened in stretches with granite stone slabs in the 18th century. An outstanding feature noticed in several stretches of the fort walls is that no cementing material was used in joining the large granite cubes that have been neatly sized, cut, trimmed and placed in position. The total length of the fort walls is about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) and covers an area of about 1,500 acres (610 ha). It is also said that when the upper fort was strengthened for military purposes with gun positions, the services of French mercenaries were used. The massive 'Palace of Stones' fort contained many buildings and many temples set in the rocky surroundings on the hill. Madakari Nayaka V, the last ruler of the
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784:(administrative office) was added during Tippu Sultan's rule. Another interesting find in the arsenal is a quadruple mill made of masonry of 3 metres (9.8 ft) depth and about 7 metres (23 ft) diameter, which is inferred to be a device used for preparing gunpowder during Hyder Ali and Tippu Sultan's rule. In Kannada language, it is called 'Maddu Bisuva Kallu,' which means "gunpowder grinding stone." The quadruple mill has four massive grinders with teeth or slots. These were rotated either by elephants or bullocks (in a central circular space) with an independent collection point for each of the four slots to collect the explosive gunpowder.
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351:: ‘Chitra’ means "picture" and ‘Durga’ means "fort" and is tagged with the English word ‘fort’ to form the name "Chitradurga Fort." It is also locally known as "Kallina Kote" or Stone Fortress, which is also formed of two Kannada words ‘Kallina’: "Stone" and Kote: "Fort." Other names used in Kannada are ‘Ukkina Kote": "Steel Fort" (metaphorically used to mean an impregnable fort) and ‘Yelusuttina Kote’: "Seven Circles Fort."
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509:. Hyder Ali attacked the Chitradurga Fort the first time in 1760, the second time in 1770, and the third time successfully in 1779 when he defeated Madakari Nayaka. Nayaka was taken prisoner and killed. Nayaka's gamble of playing with Hyder Ali and the Marathas was unsuccessful; he was betrayed by the Marathas and some local
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including
Davangere, Jaglur and Harihar in the present Davangere District. His rule lasted for a brief period and ended with his incarceration and death as a prisoner of the Vijaynagar Empire. His son Obana Nayaka or Madakari Nayaka (1588–1602) succeeded him. Followed by a series of hierarchical or
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flows to the northwest of the fort. Seven hills constitute the
Chinmuladri range. The seven circles of the fort enclose these hills. Features of massive rock hills and scenic valleys, huge towering boulders are seen in the fort precincts. The hills on which the major part of the fort and the city
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Between 1500 AD and 1800 AD, Chitradurga Fort witnessed a turbulent history starting with the
Vijayanagar Empire; the empire had gained control of this region from the Hoysalas. Vijayanagar rulers brought the Nayakas, the traditional local chieftains of the area, under their control as their
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other adopted forms of successions of the same clan. Bharamappa Nayaka, who ruled from 1689 until 1722, is regarded as the greatest of the Nayaka rulers famed for building forts, palaces, tanks, and temples, including several gateways and bastions. He fought several battles against the
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Subsequent additions to the forts were built with burnt bricks, set in mortar, plastered by a thin layer of cement or lime, and painted. However, the fort now shows deterioration. The mud-brick walls of the storehouses and granaries at the fort are getting eroded due to monsoon rains.
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feudatory until their dynastic reign ended in 1565 A.D. Thereafter, the
Nayakas of Chitradurga took independent control of the region, and their clan ruled for more than 200 years until the last of their rulers, Madakari Nayaka V, was defeated by Hyder Ali of
546:. The British considered Chitradurga Fort a potentially useful base for providing a strong line of defense to Mysore's northern border. Between 1799 and 1809, the British garrisoned their troops in the fort. Later, the control of the fort was restored to the
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in local language) form the fort. Each wall has a gate with ascending access through winding narrow corridors, which would make it difficult to use elephants for attacking the fort or to use "battering rams" to break down the gates. Small
687:. Ekanatheswari's footprints are sculpted into a block of stones at the entrance of the fort. Some of the well-known temples were the Hidimbeswara (an ancient legend is linked to it), Sampige Siddeshwara, Ekanathamma, Phalguneshwara,
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in the upper fort and one huge temple in the lower fort. Among these temples, the oldest and most interesting is the
Hidimbeshwara temple. The masjid was an addition during Hyder Ali's rule. The fort's many interconnecting
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at
Chitradurga in 1779. The fort was captured by the British forces twenty years later, when they defeated his son Tipu Sultan. The fort is built in a series of seven concentric fortification walls with various passages, a
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of Bheema is also located here. A monolithic pillar and two swing frames are also seen at the gate to this temple. Sampige
Siddheshvara temple is at the foot of the hill. In the Gopalakrishna Temple, inscriptions date the
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Few guides are available at the entrance of the fort. Exploring the fort requires climbing. The fort is not disabled-friendly. The best time to explore the fort is in the morning when the temperature is comfortable.
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Timmana Nayaka or
Thimmappa Nayaka, a chieftain from Matti during the rule of Saluva Narasimha, was the first ruler in the hierarchy of the Nayakas of Chitradurga. Initially, he was a chieftain under the
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Rainwater-harvesting structures were built in a cascade development, which ensured large storage of water in interconnected reservoirs. It is said that the fort precincts never faced any water shortage.
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B.L.Lewis, Epigraphic
Carnatica, Gazetter of Mysore- Volume XI, Chitaldroog (Chitradurga) district 1903. CD-Rom Published by the Indian Council of Historical Research (ICHR), Southern Regional Office,
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in
Kannada) are Rangayyana Bagilu, Siddayyana Bagilu, Ucchangi Bagilu, and Lalkote Bagilu. Among the elaborate gateways, the gateway to the east of the fort has architectural features typical of the
777:) to the Pandavas. At Ankhi Matha, approached by stone steps, a series of ancient subterranean chambers cut out at different levels are seen, in addition to several places of worship and platforms.
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309:. The Nayakas of Chitradurga, or Palegar Nayakas, were most responsible for the expansion of the fort between the 15th and 18th centuries. The fort was taken over for a short while by
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In the lower fort, a temple dedicated to the tutelary deity of the Nayaka Palegars, the Uchchangiamma or Uthsavamba, was built amidst the rocks of the fort complex on the hill.
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rest belong to the oldest rock of granitic formation in the country. The highest hill peak of the area is located at Jogi Matti, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the south of
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718:, a giantess, used to live in this temple. Hidimbi, who fell in love with Bhima (the second of the Pandava brothers of Mahabharata), married him and had a child named
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372:. The highest elevation of the hills at the fort is 976 metres (3,202 ft). The area covered by the fort is reported to be 1,500 acres (607.0 ha).
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591:. Hidimba was slain by Bhima, and peace returned to the area. Legend further states that the boulders were part of the arsenal used during that duel.
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officers in his service. Subsequent to his death, the treasury at the fort is said to have yielded a rich bounty. During one such war, the heroics of
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Eighteen temples were built in the upper fort. The presiding family deity of the Nayakas of Chitradurga was Goddess Ekanatheswari, an incarnation of
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Dr. Suryanath U. Kamath, A Concise history of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present, Jupiter books, MCC, Bangalore, 2001 (Reprinted 2002)
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The dynastic reign of the Nayakas lasted for over 200 years, and the Chitradurga fort was their stronghold and the very heart of their province.
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501:. Madakari Nayaka used the fort effectively for defense during three battles against Hyder Ali, at times allying himself with Hyder Ali of
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V was the final ruler of the clan from 1758 to 1779. During his reign, the city of Chitradurga and the fort were besieged by the troops of
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The Nayak Palegars built the fort as an impregnable fortification for defense purposes with 19 gateways, 38 posterior entrances, 35
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745:, which was originally located within the fort, is now situated about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to the northwest of Chitradurga.
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826:. It is open from dawn to dusk. Visitors are required to buy entrance tickets at the ticket counter and then explore the fort.
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722:. A large cylinder about 3 metres (9.8 ft) in circumference and 2 metres (6.6 ft) high made of iron plates known as
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Historical linkage has been established by an archeological inscription dated 1284 AD found in the Panchalinga (Five
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The fort was built in stages between the 11th and 13th centuries by the dynastic rulers of the region, including the
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by the Vijayanagar ruler in recognition of his excellent military service to the empire. He controlled areas of the
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and Hoysalas. However, the area where the fort now exists achieved prominence only under the dynastic rule of the
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is located near the main entrance. The fort is located at a distance of about 180 kilometers from Bengaluru.
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810:) are the most famous films produced in the locale of the fort. Another film reportedly under production is
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Several Kannada language feature films have been produced, keeping the historicity of this fort in view.
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kings have been found in and around the fort. These inscriptions traces the history of the fort to the
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to shoot arrows at the enemy. Four gates were provided in the outermost walls. The four gates (called
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History of Nayakas of Chitradurga, Barry Lewis, Dept of Anthropology, University of Illinois
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in 1779. The fort thus stands as a tribute to the Nayakas who ruled this part of Karnataka.
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General view inside Fort, with Europeans and party posed in the foreground, Chitradurga
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Pillar, and swing in the court of the Hidambeshwara and Chamundi Temples, Chitradurga
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or "Paleygars" (called "little kings") as a feudatory of the Vijayanagar Empire.
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1258:"If You Want to Explore Something New in Karnataka, Chitradurga is Your Answer"
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lived on the Chitradurga hill and had terrorized everyone around. When the
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that straddles several hills and a peak overlooking a flat valley in the
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1089:. Urbana, IL 61801: UIUC Department of Anthropology. Archived from
390:. Chitradurga railway line is connected to main line at Chikkajajur
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The Murugarajendra Matha, a famous religious institution of the
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Formidable Chitradurg Fort – views from the north and the east
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Chitradurga Fort lies in the midst of a valley formed by the
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Southern India: A Guide to Monuments Sites & Museums
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Folk legend links the hills surrounding the fort to the
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The fort is located 120 km (74.6 mi) from
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1302:. Archaeological Survey of India, Bangalore Circle.
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1300:"Fortress & Temples on the Hill - Chitradurga"
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2859:Buildings and structures in Chitradurga district
1087:"An Informal History of the Chitradurga Nayakas"
835:Karnataka State Tourism Development Corporation
335:, and the fort was said to never suffer from a
814:, about the last ruler of the Nayaka kingdom.
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1391:
474:. Still, he was soon elevated to the rank of
8:
926:Ruins of temples and mandapa within the fort
643:in the fort walls were provided for use by
621:North view of the hill fort of Chitradurga
571:. It is said that a man-eating giant named
446:during the reign of the royal dynasties of
59:One of the seven layers of Chitradurga fort
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714:). It is said that Hidimba and his sister
702:Hidimbeswara temple displays the tooth of
624:East view of the hill fort of Chitradurga
347:Chitradurga is formed of two words in the
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1157:"Karnataka Jungle Lodges & Resorts"
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1262:India News, Breaking News | India.com
890:Temples of Chamondee and Hidambeswara
854:Inner citadel of the Chitradurga Fort
386:and 200 km (124.3 mi) from
7:
282:, which means 'picturesque fort' in
2530:Fortaleza de São Sebastião de Tivim
1256:Chowdhary, Charu (3 January 2019).
1236:"Ramparts of the fort, Chitradurga"
914:Wall of the fort, near the entrance
679:Chitradurga Fort Siddeshwara Temple
25:
1364:Chitradurga Fort - A Travel Guide
527:, Tippu Sultan was killed by the
290:and its administrative district.
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422:A number of inscriptions of the
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2555:Fort of São Tiago of Banastarim
539:. Chitradurga became a part of
1210:"Chitradurga Paleyagar family"
1186:"Chitradurga Fort – Bangalore"
583:in the course of their exile,
286:, is the namesake of the town
258:, or as the British called it
1:
1336:R, Santhosh (17 April 2017).
824:Archeological Survey of India
442:also link Chitradurga to the
757:One of the tanks in the fort
2864:18th-century forts in India
1135:. Roli Books. p. 237.
878:A temple ruin, Chitradurga.
735:to the early 14th century.
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1288:. Government of Karnataka.
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436:Ashokan period rock edicts
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64:
52:
39:
1465:Bangalore Rural district
1111:: CS1 maint: location (
535:was reordered under the
249:in 1760s, 1770s and 1799
27:Fort in Karnataka, India
1129:George Michell (2013).
822:The fort is managed by
579:came with their mother
505:and at others with the
187:Government of Karnataka
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680:
657:Nayakas of Chitradurga
456:Nayakas of Chitradurga
418:Nayakas of Chitradurga
303:Nayakas of Chitradurga
2475:St Thomas, Tangasseri
2450:Fortim do Mar, Simbor
1992:Eastern Ganga dynasty
812:Veera Madakari Nayaka
780:In the lower fort, a
756:
678:
558:Further information:
416:Further information:
121:Show map of Karnataka
1547:Chitradurga district
938:Onake Obavvana Kindi
548:Government of Mysore
484:Chitradurga District
268:Chitradurga District
2382:Tiruchirapalli Rock
1789:Garchuk Lachit Garh
1601:Kalaburagi district
1416:Forts district wise
1163:on 18 February 2009
1010:on 18 February 2006
833:A hotel managed by
671:Temples in the fort
601:
384:World Heritage Site
152:14.2152°N 76.3953°E
148: /
2854:Forts in Karnataka
2515:Fortaleza de Chaul
2445:Fortim do Mar, Diu
2430:Castella de Aguada
1447:Bangalore district
1437:Basavakalyana Fort
1408:Forts in Karnataka
1315:"Chitradurga Fort"
1286:"Chitradurga Fort"
1216:on 6 February 2007
1043:on 6 February 2009
1037:"Chitraudurg city"
970:"Chitradurga Fort"
759:
681:
599:
472:Vijayanagar Empire
307:Vijayanagar Empire
278:. The fort's name
183:Controlled by
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2668:Senapati fortress
2112:Kingdom of Mysore
2084:Nahar Singh Mahal
2043:Gujarat Sultanate
1895:Deccan sultanates
1799:Bahmani Sultanate
1717:
1716:
1697:
1696:
1483:Belagavi district
1313:Ghosh, Anwiksha.
1142:978-81-7436-903-1
950:Bandikhane (jail)
653:Bahmani Sultanate
628:
627:
531:in 1799, and the
525:Fourth Mysore War
365:Tungabhadra River
333:harvest rainwater
253:
252:
91:Show map of India
16:(Redirected from
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2628:Qila Rai Pithora
2387:Chandragiri Fort
2339:Hari Parbat Fort
2181:Harishchandragad
2094:Kakatiya dynasty
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1744:
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1730:
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1619:Raichur district
1565:Dakshina Kannada
1555:Chitradurga Fort
1529:Bijapur district
1511:Bellary district
1473:Devanahalli Fort
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1317:. Junction India
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1212:. Archived from
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1159:. Archived from
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1006:. Archived from
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749:Other structures
695:, Subbaraya and
632:secret entrances
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587:had a duel with
349:Kannada language
256:Chitradurga Fort
178:Site information
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157:14.2152; 76.3953
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85:Chitradurga Fort
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1353:External links
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1342:Times of India
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595:Fort precincts
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464:Mysore Kingdom
444:Mauryan Empire
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2535:Cabo de Rama
2525:Chapora Fort
2495:Fort Tiracol
2440:Surat Castle
2410:Bassein Fort
2361:
2251:Gajendragarh
1967:Qila Mubarak
1865:Sion Hillock
1774:Talatal Ghar
1766:Ahom dynasty
1627:Raichur Fort
1591:Gajendragarh
1554:
1537:Bijapur Fort
1519:Bellary Fort
1491:Belgaum Fort
1341:
1331:
1321:12 September
1319:. Retrieved
1308:
1294:
1265:. Retrieved
1261:
1251:
1239:. Retrieved
1230:
1218:. Retrieved
1214:the original
1189:. Retrieved
1165:. Retrieved
1161:the original
1151:
1131:
1095:. Retrieved
1091:the original
1045:. Retrieved
1041:the original
1012:. Retrieved
1008:the original
977:. Retrieved
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301:, later the
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239:Battles/wars
203:Site history
193:Open to
29:
2813:Chandragiri
2785:Vattakottai
2703:Sikh Empire
2688:Ranthambore
2653:Hinglajgarh
2618:Kumbhalgarh
2550:Rachol Fort
2362:Chitradurga
2304:Purana Qila
2286:Sadashivgad
2271:Hinglajgarh
2120:Devanahalli
2069:Bawana Fort
1977:Tughlaqabad
1957:Bandhavgarh
1880:Tellicherry
1830:Anchuthengu
1822:British Raj
1779:Kareng Ghar
1709:Kittur Fort
1678:Yadgir Fort
1660:Sadashivgad
1655:Mirjan Fort
1632:Mudgal Fort
804:Hamse Geete
794:Nagara Havu
773:symbols of
720:Ghatotkacha
573:Hidimbasura
569:Mahabharata
480:Chitradurga
438:found near
432:Vijayanagar
403:broad gauge
370:Chitradurga
288:Chitradurga
260:Chitaldoorg
155: /
131:Coordinates
2848:Categories
2777:Travancore
2762:Rohtasgarh
2749:Sur Empire
2658:Mehrangarh
2520:Ponda Fort
2510:Ghodbunder
2505:Cranganore
2485:Pallipuram
2480:St. Angelo
2402:Portuguese
2231:Sindhudurg
2158:Mandavgadh
1925:(Mastgarh)
1923:Jalna Fort
1908:Daulatabad
1903:Ahmednagar
1835:St. George
1702:More forts
1432:Bidar Fort
956:References
775:Lord Shiva
641:embrasures
511:Muhammadan
440:Brahmagiri
143:76°23′43″E
140:14°12′55″N
2828:Udayagiri
2823:Bangalore
2790:Udayagiri
2673:Sabalgarh
2623:Nahargarh
2598:Jaisalmer
2573:Achalgarh
2470:Madh Fort
2319:Allahabad
2236:Vijaydurg
2221:Vishalgad
2216:Pratapgad
2135:Sankagiri
1982:Salimgarh
1913:Gawilghur
1885:St. David
1784:Rang Ghar
1637:Jaladurga
1573:Jamalabad
1496:Saundatti
1372:Bangalore
1267:6 January
979:6 January
808:Swan Song
782:Cutcherry
743:Lingayats
661:Hyder Ali
499:Hyder Ali
452:Chalukyas
424:Chalukyas
400:Arasikere
392:Bangalore
388:Bangalore
355:Geography
343:Etymology
311:Hyder Ali
295:Chalukyas
272:Karnataka
247:Hyder Ali
245:against
226:Materials
220:Chalukyas
42:Karnataka
2648:Kalinjar
2633:Taragarh
2613:Kankwadi
2608:Junagarh
2583:Bhangarh
2500:Anjediva
2455:Emmanuel
2435:Diu Fort
2372:Dindigul
2344:Ramnagar
2309:Chanderi
2241:Shivneri
2201:Sinhagad
2196:Sudhagad
2153:Mandsaur
2125:Palakkad
2102:Warangal
2079:Lohagarh
2023:Asirgarh
2005:Raibania
2000:Barabati
1918:Golconda
1812:Gulbarga
1107:cite web
771:aniconic
712:Sanskrit
708:Rakshasa
577:Pandavas
544:province
537:Wodeyars
507:Marathas
476:Governor
430:and the
428:Hoysalas
299:Hoysalas
2833:Vellore
2734:Belapur
2643:Gwalior
2638:Lal Kot
2593:Jaigarh
2588:Chittor
2565:Rajputs
2392:Hosdurg
2281:Visapur
2211:Panhala
2191:Lohagad
2033:Thalner
1962:Hathras
1952:Aligarh
1934:Panhala
1929:Narnala
1860:Mazagon
1840:William
1241:14 June
1220:17 June
1191:16 June
1167:19 June
1097:15 June
1047:15 June
1014:15 June
841:Gallery
818:Tourism
716:Hidimbi
704:Hidimba
645:archers
589:Hidimba
560:Hidimbi
529:British
523:In the
489:Mughals
412:History
324:temples
316:citadel
305:of the
284:Kannada
262:, is a
243:Nayakas
230:Granite
2818:Gingee
2767:Munger
2757:Chunar
2739:Underi
2711:Kamlah
2683:Kangra
2663:Narwar
2603:Jalore
2490:Aguada
2465:Korlai
2425:Arnala
2377:Gingee
2276:Manora
2266:Jhansi
2256:Gingee
2246:Raigad
2226:Rajgad
2206:Tikona
2186:Kolaba
2176:Dongri
2051:Bhadra
2028:Laling
1845:Bombay
1139:
802:) and
767:Lingas
649:Bagilu
554:Legend
541:Mysore
426:, the
396:Mysore
381:UNESCO
379:, the
363:. The
320:masjid
233:stones
2721:Siddi
2578:Amber
2420:Mahim
2367:Bekal
2334:Akola
2130:Bekal
2074:Gohad
1875:Mahim
1870:Sewri
1855:Worli
1807:Bidar
799:Cobra
724:Bheri
697:Nandi
585:Bhima
581:Kunti
377:Hampi
329:tanks
276:India
208:Built
46:India
2795:East
2678:Bahu
2314:Agra
1972:Siri
1850:Riwa
1323:2012
1269:2021
1243:2009
1222:2009
1193:2009
1169:2009
1137:ISBN
1113:link
1099:2009
1049:2009
1016:2009
981:2021
733:idol
728:Drum
566:epic
297:and
172:Fort
168:Type
2329:Red
2061:Jat
726:or
710:in
478:of
198:Yes
2850::
1340:.
1277:^
1260:.
1201:^
1177:^
1121:^
1109:}}
1105:{{
1057:^
1024:^
989:^
972:.
699:.
691:,
550:.
491:.
450:,
408:.
398:–
339:.
318:,
274:,
270:,
44:,
1743:e
1736:t
1729:v
1399:e
1392:t
1385:v
1344:.
1325:.
1271:.
1245:.
1224:.
1195:.
1171:.
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1101:.
1051:.
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394:/
20:)
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