141:
193:
133:
702:
36:
787:
228:
chondrites contain the most. Because ordinary chondrites represent 80% of the meteorites that fall to earth, and because ordinary chondrites contain 60â80% chondrules, it follows that (excluding dust) most of the meteoritic material that falls on earth is made up of chondrules.
596:
Chondrules are believed to have formed by a rapid (flash) heating (within minutes or less) and melting of solid dust aggregates of approximately Solar composition under temperatures of about 1000 K. These temperatures are lower than those under which
534:
The composition of olivine and pyroxene in chondrules varies widely, although the range is usually narrow within any single chondrule. Some chondrules contain very little iron oxide (FeO), resulting in olivine and pyroxene that are close to
232:
Chondrules can range in diameter from just a few micrometers to over 1 centimetre (0.39 in). Again, different kinds of chondrites contain different ranges of chondrule sizes: they are smallest in CH, CM, and CO chondrites (see
475:
Chondrules display a wide variety of textures, which can be seen when the chondrule is sliced open and polished. Some show textural evidence for extremely rapid cooling from a molten or nearly completely molten state.
690:
In contrast, the fine grained matrix, in which the chondrules are embedded after their accretion into the chondrites parent body, is assumed to have been condensed directly from the solar nebula.
851:
Connelly, J. N.; Bizzarro, M.; Krot, A. N.; Nordlund, A.; Wielandt, D.; Ivanova, M. A. (2012). "The
Absolute Chronology and Thermal Processing of Solids in the Solar Protoplanetary Disk".
588:. Most chondrites contain both Type I and Type II chondrules mixed together, including those with both porphyritic and nonporphyritic textures, although there are exceptions to this.
500:-rich chondrules may contain parallel plates of that mineral, surrounded by a continuous shell of olivine and containing feldspathic glass between the plates; these are known as
531:(POP). It seems likely that these chondrules cooled more slowly than those with radial or barred textures, however they still may have solidified in a matter of hours.
687:-60 also indicates a nearby supernova. Such proximity implies the radiation and shock wave would have been significant, although the degree of heating is not known.
237:), moderately large in CR, CV, L, LL, and R chondrites, and largest in some CB chondrites (see table). Other chondrite groups are intermediate between these.
1814:
972:
Chondrule formation and accretion processes in the early solar nebula â Clues from noble gases in different constituents of unequilibrated chondrites
184:
system, it follows that an understanding of the formation of chondrules is important to understand the initial development of the planetary system.
698:
Chondrules may be organized into textural types according to such characteristics as their appearance, color, texture, and crystalline structure.
601:
are thought to have formed. However, the environmental setting, the energy source for the heating, and the precursor material are not known. The
480:-rich chondrules that contain extremely fine-grained, swirling masses of fibrous crystals only a few micrometers in size or smaller are called
1657:
598:
1708:
1024:
1098:
906:
G. Quitte et al. (2007). "Correlated iron 60, nickel 62 and zirconium 96 in refractory inclusions and the origin of the solar system",
1730:
979:
950:
932:
119:
1735:
683:-36. As chlorine-36 has a half-life of only 300,000 years, it could not have travelled far from its origin. The presence of
57:
468:. Less common types of chondrules may be dominantly composed of feldspathic material (again either glassy or crystalline),
1809:
1151:
100:
640:
1718:
1537:
655:
72:
1662:
1652:
1441:
1436:
1137:
806:
671:
studies indicate a nearby supernova explosion added fresh material to what became the Solar System. The
Ningqiang
53:
46:
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1713:
1146:
1074:
234:
79:
1374:
1142:
1133:
1123:
1017:
169:
1682:
559:
chondrules by scientists, and often contain large amounts of metallic Fe. Other chondrules formed under more
1054:
801:
140:
86:
1168:
811:
672:
209:
1620:
1590:
1397:
1392:
1311:
645:
563:
conditions and contain olivine and pyroxene with large amounts of FeO (e.g., olivine with the formula
68:
1630:
1527:
1509:
1263:
860:
650:
1532:
1204:
1010:
606:
225:
504:
textures. Other observed textural features that are clearly the result of very rapid cooling are
1625:
1477:
1222:
991:
826:
505:
221:
1788:
1756:
1431:
1424:
1384:
1091:
975:
946:
928:
876:
1409:
960:
868:
484:
chondrules. When the pyroxene fibers are coarser, they may appear to radiate from a single
1645:
1466:
1419:
1356:
1286:
955:
Oliver Botta, Jeffrey L. Bada (2002). "Extraterrestrial
Organic Compounds in Meteorites",
634:
448:
or crystalline. Small amounts of other minerals are often present, including Fe sulfide (
864:
515:
texture. In these, grains of olivine and/or pyroxene are equidimensional and sometimes
1455:
1364:
1281:
1103:
1086:
1059:
821:
192:
132:
93:
508:
and hopper-shaped olivine grains, and chondrules that are composed entirely of glass.
1803:
1776:
1677:
1667:
1499:
1482:
1329:
893:
Weisberg et al. (2006) "Systematics and
Evaluation of Meteorite Classification". In,
617:
153:
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1517:
1404:
1369:
1237:
1179:
1079:
602:
213:
177:
701:
136:
Chondrules in the chondrite classification
Grassland. A millimeter scale is shown.
1689:
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1564:
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1232:
1227:
1113:
1037:
938:
512:
35:
786:
1604:
1276:
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536:
485:
465:
1002:
1783:
1609:
1522:
1344:
1334:
1301:
1291:
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1217:
1160:
1108:
1069:
1045:
1033:
872:
816:
661:
548:
461:
205:
201:
176:. Because chondrites represent one of the oldest solid materials within the
161:
880:
196:
Closely packed
Chondrules in CO3 Carbonaceous Chondrite meteorite NWA 10499
17:
1751:
1414:
1296:
680:
516:
477:
457:
449:
441:
437:
429:
212:
contain the smallest percentage (by volume) of chondrules, including the
208:
contain different fractions of chondrules (see table below). In general,
173:
1559:
1339:
1324:
1319:
668:
497:
433:
1771:
1064:
997:
897:
II, 19â52 (D.S. Lauretta and H.Y. McSween, Eds.), Univ. Arizona Press
676:
629:
622:
469:
181:
165:
1761:
700:
560:
453:
445:
684:
1006:
29:
519:. They are named on the basis of the dominant mineral, i.e.
220:
chondrules despite their designation as chondrites, whereas
239:
511:
More commonly, chondrules display what is known as a
1698:
1603:
1578:
1552:
1508:
1454:
1383:
1355:
1310:
1262:
1253:
1159:
1131:
1122:
1044:
708:
168:or partially molten droplets in space before being
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
180:and are believed to be the building blocks of the
144:Chondrules in the Carbonaceous Chondrite NWA 13887
27:Round grain found in chondrites, stony meteorites
846:
844:
842:
428:Most chondrules are composed primarily of the
1018:
555:) in composition. These are commonly called
8:
200:Different kinds of the stony, non-metallic
1259:
1156:
1128:
1025:
1011:
1003:
994:â Meteorites Australia (Meteorites.com.au)
785:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
241:Table 1: Chondrule sizes and abundances
191:
139:
131:
838:
943:Chondrules and the Protoplanetary Disk
895:Meteorites and the Early Solar System
216:which, paradoxically, do not contain
160:, grain) is a round grain found in a
7:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1815:Meteorite mineralogy and petrology
945:, Cambridge University Press, UK,
609:are possible places of formation.
472:, or metallic Fe-Ni and sulfides.
340:10 (a subgroup), 0.2 (b subgroup)
25:
925:Meteorites: Messengers from Space
658:in the protoplanetary disk shocks
641:Energetic bipolar-shaped outflows
612:Proposed heating mechanisms are:
974:, Der Andere Verlag, OsnabrĂźck,
941:, and Scott E.R.D. eds. (1996).
34:
584:). Such chondrules are called
488:site on the surface, forming a
45:needs additional citations for
1:
923:Wlotzka F., Heide F. (1995).
998:Chondrules and their Origins
739:Porphyritic olivine-pyroxene
529:porphyritic olivine-pyroxene
444:material that may either be
1831:
1663:extraterrestrial materials
807:List of meteorite minerals
607:protoplanetary environment
1744:
992:A Pictorial of Chondrules
771:Granular olivine-pyroxene
637:outburst of the early sun
664:radiation and shock wave
424:Mineralogy and petrology
235:meteorite classification
1442:Meteorites on Mars list
1437:Martian meteorites list
965:10.1023/A:1020139302770
873:10.1126/science.1226919
812:Carbonaceous chondrites
802:Glossary of meteoritics
616:Impacts between molten
210:carbonaceous chondrites
706:
673:carbonaceous chondrite
456:Fe-Ni, oxides such as
197:
145:
137:
1591:Nonmagmatic meteorite
957:Surveys in Geophysics
908:Astrophysical Journal
704:
195:
164:. Chondrules form as
143:
135:
1810:Chondrite meteorites
1658:CaâAl-rich inclusion
731:Porphyritic pyroxene
525:porphyritic pyroxene
54:improve this article
927:, Springer Verlag,
865:2012Sci...338..651C
723:Porphyritic olivine
521:porphyritic olivine
242:
827:Radiometric dating
707:
705:Chondrule Textures
240:
198:
188:Abundance and size
146:
138:
1797:
1796:
1789:Near-Earth object
1757:Atmospheric entry
1599:
1598:
1548:
1547:
1450:
1449:
970:Vogel N. (2003).
959:23 (5): 411â467.
793:
792:
779:Glassy chondrules
763:Cryptocrystalline
679:-36 derived from
646:Nebular lightning
482:cryptocrystalline
421:
420:
130:
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16:(Redirected from
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1617:Characteristics
1393:Basaltic Breccia
1260:
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859:(6107): 651â55.
848:
789:
709:
583:
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440:, surrounded by
252:avg. diam. (mm)
249:abundance (vol%)
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172:to their parent
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918:Further reading
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747:Radial pyroxene
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635:FU Orionis-type
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154:Ancient Greek
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71: â
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1767:Impact event
1748:
1640:
1518:Mesosiderite
1432:Shergottites
1405:Chassignites
1370:Mare basalts
1169:Carbonaceous
1080:strewn field
971:
956:
942:
924:
907:
902:
894:
889:
856:
852:
715:Abbreviation
697:
689:
667:
611:
603:solar nebula
595:
585:
556:
533:
528:
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427:
231:
217:
199:
178:Solar System
157:
149:
147:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1690:CI1 fossils
1586:Amphoterite
1570:Octahedrite
1565:Hexahedrite
1272:Acapulcoite
1199:C ungrouped
1114:Parent body
1038:meteoritics
656:Shock waves
513:porphyritic
442:feldspathic
69:"Chondrule"
1804:Categories
1631:weathering
1605:Mineralogy
1553:Structural
1528:Main group
1510:Stony-iron
1312:Asteroidal
1277:Brachinite
1255:Achondrite
1075:statistics
1034:Meteorites
939:Jones R.H.
833:References
817:Chondrites
675:contained
628:Hot inner
537:forsterite
527:(PP), and
496:texture.
486:nucleation
466:merrillite
462:phosphates
206:chondrites
202:meteorites
80:newspapers
18:Chondrules
1784:Meteoroid
1749:See also:
1674:Patterns
1641:chondrule
1610:petrology
1523:Pallasite
1415:Nakhlites
1345:Howardite
1335:Diogenite
1302:Winonaite
1292:Lodranite
1264:Primitive
1218:Kakangari
1205:Enstatite
1161:Chondrite
1070:impactite
1046:Meteorite
662:Supernova
592:Formation
561:oxidizing
549:enstatite
506:dendritic
432:minerals
226:enstatite
182:planetary
174:asteroids
162:chondrite
150:chondrule
1752:Asteroid
1731:Journals
1653:Minerals
1646:presolar
1538:Pyroxene
1425:ALH84001
1398:NWA 7034
1297:Ureilite
1245:Rumuruti
1223:Ordinary
1152:grouplet
1055:Glossary
881:23118187
796:See also
718:Picture
681:chlorine
625:ablation
517:euhedral
478:Pyroxene
464:such as
458:chromite
454:metallic
450:troilite
438:pyroxene
430:silicate
263:–
222:ordinary
170:accreted
158:chondros
156:ĎĎνδĎÎżĎ
1637:Grains
1560:Ataxite
1385:Martian
1340:Eucrite
1325:Aubrite
1320:Angrite
1109:Notable
1099:Largest
1092:hunting
861:Bibcode
853:Science
669:Isotope
586:Type II
565:(Mg,Fe)
498:Olivine
434:olivine
204:called
94:scholar
1777:shower
1772:Meteor
1726:Awards
1410:Kaidun
1065:bolide
978:
949:
931:
879:
677:sulfur
630:nebula
623:Meteor
557:Type I
551:(MgSiO
547:) and
523:(PO),
502:barred
490:radial
470:silica
460:, and
446:glassy
403:>40
166:molten
152:(from
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1762:Comet
1699:Lists
1621:shock
1487:IIIAB
1357:Lunar
1287:IIICD
1147:group
1138:class
694:Types
605:or a
392:60â80
381:60â80
370:60â80
359:60â80
348:60â80
337:20â40
329:0.02
315:50â60
285:0.15
101:JSTOR
87:books
1719:type
1714:name
1608:and
1493:IIIF
1490:IIIE
1467:IIAB
1456:Iron
1375:List
1150:and
1143:clan
1134:type
1087:Find
1060:Fall
1036:and
976:ISBN
947:ISBN
929:ISBN
877:PMID
774:GOP
742:POP
712:Name
685:iron
599:CAIs
452:),
436:and
417:0.6
406:0.4
395:0.6
384:0.2
373:0.9
362:0.7
351:0.3
318:0.7
274:0.3
224:and
73:news
1626:TKW
1500:IVB
1496:IVA
1483:IIG
1478:IIE
1474:IID
1471:IIC
1330:HED
1282:IAB
1132:By
1048:...
961:doi
869:doi
857:338
758:BO
750:RP
734:PP
726:PO
574:SiO
543:SiO
539:(Mg
492:or
218:any
56:by
1806::
1463:IC
1238:LL
1212:EL
1209:EH
1196:CV
1193:CR
1190:CO
1187:CM
1184:CK
1180:CI
1176:CH
1173:CB
1145:,
1136:,
875:.
867:.
855:.
841:^
766:C
414:30
389:EL
378:EH
367:LL
334:CB
326:70
323:CH
312:CR
307:1
304:45
301:CK
296:1
293:45
290:CV
282:50
279:CO
271:20
268:CM
257:CI
148:A
1233:L
1228:H
1140:,
1026:e
1019:t
1012:v
967:.
963::
883:.
871::
863::
782:â
579:4
570:2
553:3
545:4
541:2
411:K
400:R
356:L
345:H
260:0
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:¡
91:¡
84:¡
77:¡
50:.
20:)
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