757:
1092:
267:
109:
742:
53:
84:
1139:. The chokecherry fruit can be eaten when fully ripe, but otherwise contains a toxin. The fruit can be used to make jam or syrup, but the bitter nature of the fruit requires sugar to sweeten the preserves. The Plains Indians pound up the whole fruits—including the toxic pits—in a mortar, from which they made sun-baked cakes.
806:) of eastern North America, which can reach 30 m (100 ft) tall and has larger leaves and darker fruit. The chokecherry leaf has a finely serrated margin and is dark green above with a paler underside, while the black cherry leaf has numerous blunt edges along its margin and is dark green and smooth.
727:
756:
2358:
1172:
the character Brian
Robeson had unknowingly eaten some chokecherries, which were often referred to as "gut cherries" in the novel due to the harm they inflicted on Brian's stomach.
1055:. 'Canada Red' and 'Schubert' have leaves that mature to purple and turn orange and red in the autumn. 'Goertz' has a nonastringent, so palatable, fruit. Research at the
1035:
eat the foliage, twigs, leaves, and buds. Deer and elk sometimes browse the twigs profusely, not letting the plant grow above knee height. The leaves serve as food for
2353:
2174:
1083:
and makes the plant sweet. About 4.5–9 kilograms (10–20 pounds) of foliage can be fatal. In horses, symptoms include heavy breathing, agitation, and weakness.
2323:
595:
feet) tall, rarely to 10 m (33 ft) and exceptionally wide, 18 m (60 ft) with a trunk as thick as 30 centimetres (12 in). The
2050:
1127:-textured concoction used to ward off or treat colds, fever and stomach maladies by Native Americans. The inner bark of the chokecherry, as well as
2348:
2112:
2063:
1346:
1337:
1183:
signed a bill naming the chokecherry the state's official fruit, in part because its remains have been found at more archeological sites in the
2236:
1741:
1781:
1387:
1874:
717:
taste, being both somewhat sour and somewhat bitter. They get darker and marginally sweeter as they ripen. They each contain a large stone.
2368:
2338:
2014:
1104:
2363:
1710:
1604:
1571:
1478:
1673:
741:
2099:
1294:
666: in) long in late spring (well after leaf emergence), eventually growing up to 15 cm. They are 8.5–12.7 millimetres (
108:
1119:
region of Canada and the United States, chokecherries are the most important fruit in their traditional diets and are part of
2343:
2153:
1091:
2117:
1342:
1079:), especially after the leaves have wilted (such as after a frost or after branches have been broken); wilting releases
1952:
1439:
1879:
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2179:
1056:
893:
2148:
1435:
2254:
1884:
937:
1596:
1201:
1009:
2042:
1967:
1421:
2328:
2037:
1895:
726:
1957:
1933:
877:
241:
2068:
1332:
1261:
1468:
2189:
1988:
1503:
961:
2029:
1749:
1866:
1563:
1005:
73:
2166:
1237:
Botanic
Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).; IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2018).
2295:
1379:
1311:
1217:
997:
985:
539:
279:
214:
103:
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266:
1861:
2210:
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1975:
1820:
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1706:
1600:
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1198:
the narrator's mother makes chokecherry jelly for her son but she forgets which son likes it.
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989:
901:
815:
1642:
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1702:
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The stone of the fruit is poisonous. Chokecherry, including the foliage, is toxic to moose,
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933:
2091:
52:
2333:
2197:
1464:
1168:
1112:
1001:
977:
905:
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146:
1533:
1238:
1661:
Gardening for
Butterflies: How You Can Attract and Protect Beautiful, Beneficial Insects
2223:
1681:
1305:
1191:
1024:
981:
965:
941:
133:
2317:
2125:
1828:
1434:. Vol. 9. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org,
1247:
1116:
1096:
969:
945:
921:
257:
93:
88:
1589:
1429:
2300:
2228:
1980:
1286:
1176:
1163:
1142:
Chokecherry is also used to craft wine in the
Western United States, mainly in the
1136:
993:
953:
799:
787:
783:
748:
713: in) in diameter, range in color from bright red to black, and possess a very
2140:
1373:
2277:
2161:
2076:
1927:
1180:
1040:
1036:
776:
614:
557:
1773:
Northwest
Foraging: The Classic Guide to Edible Plants of the Pacific Northwest
1397:
957:
714:
600:
2019:
1918:
1791:
1059:
seeks to find or create new cultivars to increase production and processing.
2001:
1124:
913:
2267:
17:
2202:
1771:
1488:
1375:
Northwest Trees: Identifying & Understanding the Region's Native Trees
1123:, a staple traditional food. The bark of chokecherry root is made into an
2262:
1944:
1912:
1205:
1151:
1120:
1052:
932:
The wild chokecherry is often considered a pest, as it is a host for the
917:
192:
159:
2055:
1629:
State-level distribution map from the North
American Plant Atlas (NAPA)
1184:
1143:
1135:, is also used by some tribes in ceremonial smoking mixtures, known as
1080:
973:
909:
885:
779:
631:
182:
2081:
1068:
1032:
897:
889:
635:
596:
202:
172:
32:
2104:
1889:
2006:
1748:. The Lewis and Clark Fort Mandan Foundation. 2009. Archived from
1132:
1090:
1076:
1072:
1016:
1015:
Many wildlife, including birds and game animals, eat the berries.
936:, a threat to other fruit plants. It is also a larval host to the
881:
690:
560:
120:
1776:(Rev. and updated ed.). Seattle, WA: Skipstone. p. 69.
1147:
1028:
564:
1993:
1893:
1020:
1844:
Edible Wild Plants of the
Prairie: An Ethnobotanical Guide
1208:
is named for the many chokecherry shrubs along its banks.
1428:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
1095:
Chokecherries being prepared for wojapi, a traditional
603:, 2.5–10 cm (1–4 in) long and 1.2–5 cm (
1875:
North Dakota State
University Agriculture, Chokecherry
888:, and Labrador), most of the United States (including
1643:"Prunus virginiana: photos, partial distribution map"
2359:
Plants used in traditional Native
American medicine
1902:
1698:
Western
Forests (The Audubon Society Nature Guides)
1075:, deer, and other animals with segmented stomachs (
352:(Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) M.Roem., syn of var.
1588:
1262:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T64133468A135957714.en
814:The name chokecherry is also used for the related
363:(Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) Walp., syn of var.
1631:. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
1560:Edible Wild Plants A North American Field Guide
1473:. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 52.
1372:Arno, Stephen F.; Hammerly, Ramona P. (2020) .
1730:(6th ed.). Thunder Bay Press. p. 81.
1310:Note that this website has been superseded by
1281:
1279:
8:
1558:Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (1990).
1431:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
1728:Trees of Michigan and the Upper Great Lakes
1680:. Michigan State University. Archived from
1890:
798:The chokecherry is closely related to the
265:
82:
51:
40:
1260:
341:Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray, syn of var.
1647:SEINet, Arizona–New Mexico chapter
1367:
1365:
1363:
1347:United States Department of Agriculture
1338:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1229:
722:
292:
2354:Plants used in Native American cuisine
1676:. Ornamental Plants plus Version 3.0.
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
790:, further contributing to confusion.
617:. The stems rarely exceed 2 cm (
7:
2190:e21b6de2-4bec-4fd0-aa40-f19a4c73cf74
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
2324:IUCN Red List least concern species
1678:Michigan State University Extension
1532:Chayka, Katy; Dziuk, Peter (2016).
1248:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
892:, but excluding some states in the
876:includes most of Canada (including
849:(Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) Torr.
2255:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30003056-2
1825:A Natural History of Western Trees
613:–2 in) wide, with a serrated
25:
1880:Nutrition Facts for Chokecherries
1534:"Prunus virginiana (Chokecherry)"
1470:Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants
1378:(field guide ed.). Seattle:
1674:"Prunus virginiana--Chokecherry"
1051:The chokecherry has a number of
786:. They share this property with
755:
740:
725:
538:), is a species of bird cherry (
107:
1295:Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh
775:Chokecherries are very high in
374:(A.Nelson) Shafer, syn of var.
67:(eastern chokecherry) in bloom
2349:Garden plants of North America
872:The natural historic range of
385:(A.Nelson) Rydb., syn of var.
1:
1343:Agricultural Research Service
747:Leaf and drupes of plant in
404:(Wooton & Standl.) Rydb.
2369:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1807:Stalking the Wild Asparagus
1746:Discovering Lewis and Clark
1701:. New York: Knopf. p.
1659:The Xerces Society (2016),
1440:Harvard University Herbaria
548:) native to North America.
2385:
1420:Rohrer, Joseph R. (2014).
1057:University of Saskatchewan
966:hummingbird clearwing moth
693:) are about 6–14 mm (
29:
2339:Flora of Northern America
1726:Smith, Norman F. (2002).
1695:Whitney, Stephen (1985).
1597:Fitzhenry & Whiteside
1436:Missouri Botanical Garden
1255:: e.T64133468A135957714.
285:
278:
273:
264:
247:
240:
104:Scientific classification
102:
80:
71:
59:
50:
43:
2364:Plants described in 1753
1809:. New York: David McKay.
1196:A River Runs Through It,
938:black-waved flannel moth
896:), and northern Mexico (
30:Not to be confused with
1821:Peattie, Donald Culross
1805:Gibbons, Euell (1962).
1770:Benoliel, Doug (2011).
567:growing to 1–6 metres (
1842:Kindscher, K. (1987).
1438:, St. Louis, MO &
1100:
36:, called chokeberries.
2344:Edible nuts and seeds
1885:Flora of Pennsylvania
1587:Farrar, J.L. (1995).
1538:Minnesota Wildflowers
1094:
878:Northwest Territories
851:(western chokecherry)
838:(eastern chokecherry)
818:or Amur chokecherry (
627: in) in length.
1595:. Markham, Ontario:
1512:Illinois Wildflowers
1502:Hilty, John (2020).
1382:. pp. 242–245.
1187:than anywhere else.
1010:Weidemeyer's admiral
520:Virginia bird cherry
1867:Plants for a Future
1862:"Prunus virginiana"
1564:Sterling Publishing
1333:"Prunus virginiana"
1006:twin-spotted sphinx
782:compounds, such as
524:western chokecherry
396:Wooton & Standl
74:Conservation status
1831:. pp. 540–41.
1380:Mountaineers Books
1312:World Flora Online
1101:
998:striped hairstreak
986:red-spotted purple
874:P. virginiana
686: in) across.
532:P. virginiana
510:, commonly called
420:Bigel. ex M. Roem.
382:Prunus melanocarpa
233:P. virginiana
2311:
2310:
2211:Open Tree of Life
1934:Prunus virginiana
1904:Prunus virginiana
1896:Taxon identifiers
1783:978-1-59485-366-1
1623:Prunus virginiana
1506:Prunus virginiana
1424:Prunus virginiana
1389:978-1-68051-329-5
1289:Prunus virginiana
1241:Prunus virginiana
1129:red osier dogwood
1002:tiger swallowtail
990:small-eyed sphinx
962:Glover's silkmoth
863:
855:Prunus virginiana
850:
842:Prunus virginiana
832:Prunus virginiana
816:Manchurian cherry
556:Chokecherry is a
528:black chokecherry
507:Prunus virginiana
503:
502:
493:
485:
477:
469:
461:
453:
445:
441:Prunus duerinckii
437:
433:Prunus densiflora
429:
425:Prunus canadensis
421:
413:
409:Prunus virginalis
405:
397:
389:
378:
371:Padus melanocarpa
367:
356:
345:
334:
326:
318:
310:
302:
298:Cerasus virginica
251:Prunus virginiana
97:
61:Prunus virginiana
45:Prunus virginiana
16:(Redirected from
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1442:, Cambridge, MA.
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1264:
1234:
1150:, as well as in
1109:Northern Rockies
950:coral hairstreak
934:tent caterpillar
880:, but excluding
862:(A.Nelson) Sarg.
861:
848:
759:
744:
729:
712:
711:
707:
702:
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697:
685:
684:
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634:are produced in
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579:
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572:
491:
483:
476:Hort. ex C. Koch
475:
467:
465:Prunus micrantha
459:
457:Prunus fimbriata
451:
443:
435:
427:
419:
411:
403:
395:
384:
373:
362:
351:
340:
332:
330:Prunus virginica
324:
322:Padus virginiana
316:
314:Padus virginiana
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219:
112:
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91:
86:
85:
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41:
27:Species of plant
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2198:Observation.org
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2138:MichiganFlora:
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2018:
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1663:, Timber Press.
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1591:Trees in Canada
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1113:Northern Plains
1105:Native American
1089:
1065:
1049:
978:polyphemus moth
930:
906:Baja California
870:
828:
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804:Prunus serotina
796:
794:Similar species
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338:Cerasus demissa
301:Michx. ex hort.
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1855:External links
1853:
1850:
1849:
1834:
1812:
1797:
1782:
1762:
1733:
1718:
1711:
1687:
1684:on 2001-11-26.
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1605:
1579:
1572:
1550:
1524:
1504:"Chokecherry (
1494:
1479:
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1403:
1388:
1359:
1315:
1306:The Plant List
1275:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1213:
1210:
1192:Norman Maclean
1159:
1156:
1107:tribes of the
1088:
1085:
1064:
1061:
1048:
1045:
1025:mountain sheep
982:promethea moth
942:blinded sphinx
929:
926:
869:
866:
865:
864:
852:
839:
827:
824:
820:Prunus maackii
811:
808:
795:
792:
772:
769:
765:
764:
762:Autumn foliage
761:
754:
752:
746:
739:
737:
732:Chokecherry –
731:
724:
721:
720:
719:
638:4–11 cm (
553:
550:
501:
500:
498:
497:
495:
494:
486:
481:Prunus obovata
478:
473:Prunus montana
470:
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360:Prunus demissa
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967:
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417:Prunus arguta
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401:Prunus valida
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89:Least Concern
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1824:
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1750:the original
1745:
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1682:the original
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1562:. New York:
1559:
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1541:. Retrieved
1537:
1527:
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1511:
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1469:
1430:
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1374:
1352:February 28,
1350:. Retrieved
1336:
1304:– via
1298:. Retrieved
1288:
1266:. Retrieved
1252:
1246:
1240:
1232:
1202:Cherry Creek
1200:
1195:
1189:
1177:North Dakota
1174:
1167:
1164:Gary Paulsen
1161:
1141:
1137:kinnikinnick
1102:
1066:
1050:
1037:caterpillars
1014:
994:spring azure
954:cynthia moth
931:
873:
871:
868:Distribution
858:
854:
845:
841:
835:
831:
819:
813:
803:
800:black cherry
797:
788:chokeberries
784:anthocyanins
774:
749:Saskatchewan
689:The fruits (
688:
629:
555:
544:
540:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
512:bitter-berry
511:
506:
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489:Prunus rubra
488:
480:
472:
464:
456:
448:
440:
432:
424:
416:
408:
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393:Padus valida
392:
387:melanocarpa
386:
381:
376:melanocarpa
375:
370:
364:
359:
353:
348:
342:
337:
329:
325:(L.) M.Roem.
321:
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215:
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166:
153:
140:
127:
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31:
2162:NatureServe
2077:iNaturalist
1928:Wikispecies
1742:"Bearberry"
1300:January 27,
1268:18 November
1194:'s novella
1181:John Hoeven
1047:Cultivation
1041:Lepidoptera
1039:of various
859:melanocarpa
777:antioxidant
552:Description
516:chokecherry
306:Padus rubra
147:Angiosperms
18:Chokecherry
2318:Categories
2285:WisFlora:
2224:Plant List
2105:30003056-2
1965:Calflora:
1756:2011-04-29
1398:1141235469
1224:References
1218:Choke pear
1158:In culture
1154:, Canada.
958:elm sphinx
922:Nuevo León
836:virginiana
715:astringent
317:(L.) Mill.
211:Subgenus:
65:virginiana
2043:242417061
1792:668195076
1179:governor
1175:In 2007,
1166:'s novel
1103:For many
1053:cultivars
914:Zacatecas
902:Chihuahua
894:Southeast
826:Varieties
771:Chemistry
563:or small
558:suckering
543:subgenus
227:Species:
117:Kingdom:
2275:VASCAN:
2268:27800139
2263:Tropicos
2167:2.136441
2131:64133468
1942:BioLib:
1913:Wikidata
1823:(1953).
1467:(1974).
1212:See also
1206:Colorado
1169:Hatchet,
1152:Manitoba
1125:asperous
1121:pemmican
1063:Toxicity
918:Coahuila
810:Taxonomy
428:Marshall
280:Synonyms
193:Rosaceae
189:Family:
160:Eudicots
94:IUCN 3.1
2149:MoBotPF
2056:3022668
1919:Q162829
1185:Dakotas
1144:Dakotas
1081:cyanide
1033:rabbits
1008:, and
974:Io moth
928:Ecology
910:Durango
886:Nunavut
846:demissa
780:pigment
708:⁄
698:⁄
681:⁄
671:⁄
661:⁄
647:⁄
636:racemes
632:flowers
622:⁄
608:⁄
590:⁄
576:⁄
536:demissa
452:Salisb.
412:Wender.
365:demissa
354:demissa
343:demissa
216:Prunus
199:Genus:
183:Rosales
179:Order:
121:Plantae
92: (
2334:Prunus
2237:PLANTS
2229:rjp-72
2216:769156
2203:150047
2187:NZOR:
2180:133204
2154:286359
2030:pruvir
2027:FEIS:
2020:180310
1994:630083
1958:121605
1790:
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1709:
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1543:7 June
1517:6 June
1489:799792
1487:
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1115:, and
1097:Lakota
1077:rumens
1069:cattle
1004:, the
1000:, the
996:, the
992:, the
988:, the
984:, the
980:, the
976:, the
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956:, the
952:, the
948:, the
944:, the
940:, the
920:, and
898:Sonora
890:Alaska
691:drupes
615:margin
597:leaves
541:Prunus
526:(also
522:, and
484:Bigel.
468:Steud.
460:Steud.
436:Steud.
333:Steud.
204:Prunus
173:Rosids
33:Aronia
2118:24806
2089:IPA:
2082:54835
2069:30151
2015:EUNIS
2007:PRNVG
1981:4N9B5
1968:10275
1945:39525
1133:alder
1131:, or
1099:dish.
1073:goats
1017:Moose
882:Yukon
857:var.
844:var.
834:var.
734:habit
561:shrub
545:Padus
534:var.
444:Walp.
309:Mill.
220:Padus
218:subg.
167:Clade
154:Clade
141:Clade
128:Clade
63:var.
2288:4694
2278:8881
2250:POWO
2242:PRVI
2175:NCBI
2141:2530
2126:IUCN
2113:ITIS
2100:IPNI
2092:3727
2064:GRIN
2051:GBIF
2002:EPPO
1953:BOLD
1788:OCLC
1778:ISBN
1707:ISBN
1601:ISBN
1568:ISBN
1545:2023
1519:2023
1485:OCLC
1475:ISBN
1394:OCLC
1384:ISBN
1354:2013
1302:2014
1270:2021
1253:2018
1148:Utah
1146:and
1087:Uses
1031:and
1029:deer
630:The
601:oval
599:are
565:tree
530:for
492:Ait.
289:List
2296:WFO
2038:FNA
1989:EoL
1976:CoL
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1021:elk
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