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entrances to the central enclosure, though only one is thought to be original. Most of the ramparts still remain well-preserved, though along a 230 metres (750 ft) section of the southern side the ramparts are missing. The absence of earthworks in this section today is believed to be due to the demolition of ramparts to make way for buildings constructed between the 16th and early 19th centuries, together with associated livestock enclosures and allotments. However, there has also been speculation that the earthworks were always much more modest along this section, providing ample opportunity to exploit as sites for domestic habitation. As properties were built and later enlarged or replaced with more substantial buildings, and their associated allotments became gardens and orchards, the residue of the original ramparts were all but rubbed out and any remaining ditches almost completely infilled. The ramparts on the south-east and south-west quadrants consist principally of two sets of banks (inner and outer) each enclosing a large ditch. On the north-east and north-west quadrant there is a single ditch bounded on each side by a bank.
47:
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or stonework. The adjoining inner ditch ranges from 6 metres (20 ft) to 12 metres (39 ft) wide and 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) to 3 metres (9.8 ft) deep, in the shape of a steep-sided V with an inner slope of about 50 degrees. The outer bank is less distinct but is still visible on the northern side of the fort. The banks and ditches to the south-east are particularly well-preserved extending the ramparts for a distance of about 90 metres (300 ft).
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319:, minted on the continent in the Gallo-Belgic region, between the mid-second and mid-first century BC. Its discovery provided further corroboration for the likely period of occupation postulated by Kimball. Such occurrences can be the result of trade activity, or a gift to a high-ranking individual, or even intentional deposition as a sacred offering to the gods.
54:
182:. It is roughly oval-shaped and covers an area, including ramparts, of 15 acres (6.1 ha), and measures approximately 310 m (1,020 ft) north-east to south-west by 230 m (750 ft) north-west to south-east. The interior is a fairly level plateau which has been in agricultural use since the medieval period. The hill fort is now a
380:
Today the Church of St
Lawrence is located within the remains of the defences of the Iron Age fort, one of two such churches of the same name built within a hill fort in Buckinghamshire. Its location suggests that the fort still had some kind of politico-religious significance long after its original
303:
The main period of occupation appears to have been around the middle of the 1st century BC. Kimball also speculated from analysis of a series of trenches dug in the 'triangle' of ramparts in the north-western quadrant, that there were remnants of an earlier earthwork structure (single bank and ditch)
255:
The inner bank is on average 8 metres (26 ft) wide with a height that varies between 0.8 metres (2.6 ft) to 2 metres (6.6 ft). Its front slope is angled at about 35 degrees and the rear slope at 50 degrees. The broad, flat top of the bank does not appear to have been lined with timber
259:
The outer ditch and banks of the north-west quadrant do not follow the curvature of the inner rampart over its whole length. The final 53 metres (174 ft) of the ditch runs almost straight out in a north-north-easterly direction. The triangular section so created is bounded on its northern edge
251:
The earthen ramparts of the sub-oval shaped fort are today largely overgrown with a double belt of mature beech trees, planted in the early 19th century. Inside the ramparts the enclosed area is a level plateau 10 acres (4.0 ha) in area, treeless and given over to grazing. There are four
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at an altitude of over 190 m (620 ft). The porosity of the ground in the area severely limited the availability of surface water, essential for livestock, and therefore precluded year-round settlement adjacent to most of the upland pastures. However, there are two
359:
A small amount of mediaeval pottery shards were found by
Kimball in 1932 which he concluded were not related to reoccupation, but rather the result of the manuring of the fields during the early stages of the establishment of the settlement outside the Camp. However, a
235:-fed water sources: Holy (or Holly) and Bury Ponds. The constancy of this supply, over many hundreds of years, is cited as being crucial to the decision as to where to site the hill fort and for the early establishment of the isolated community at Cholesbury.
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in the 1st century AD. The period of
Cholesbury Camp's construction is unclear, but it has been suggested that it may lie between the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, during the middle to late Iron Age. It was previously, though erroneously, attributed to the
214:
and until the early 20th century was known locally as "The Danish Camp" and incorrectly recorded as such on maps. It has also been suggested that it may have been constructed on the same site as an earlier, Bronze Age defensive structure.
385:, dating the original stone-built church to the 12–13th century, which possibly replaced an earlier Anglo-Saxon wooden church. After falling into disrepair the church was partly rebuilt and restored in the 1870s in the Victorian style.
281:
Excavations by Day
Kimball in 1932 indicated that during the Iron Age, Cholesbury Camp was only sparsely, and possibly intermittently inhabited, presumably in times of strife when it provided a refuge or a defensive position.
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292:. Only a few poor quality pottery shards were found from the Middle Iron Age period, in contrast to numerous fragments of Belgic pottery from the Late Iron Age (approximately 200BC-50AD). Lastly, some rare examples of
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survey carried out in the interior of the fort in 2000 found possible evidence that the interior may have been reoccupied in the mediaeval period. The results suggested a possible site of an early
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Well-preserved remains of prehistoric hearths or fire-sites and the remains of a clay-lined oven were found. Three of the hearths appear to have been used to smelt iron, also evidenced by finds of
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type, in other words having two or more lines of concentric earthworks. Most examples of such forts were built and used during the
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from which the present-day village of
Cholesbury eventually developed. The first record of the settlement's name, as
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Branigan, Keith. (1967). "The distribution and development of Romano-British occupation in the Chess Valley".
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extending as an arc in a northerly direction away from the hill fort. Kimball concluded that the absence of
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was constructed in the 16th century located on the southern range of the ramparts of the hill fort.
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443:"Cholesbury Camp", information board at location. Chiltern Conservation Board, date unknown.
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pottery shards strongly indicated the hill fort was generally deserted from the time of the
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associated with the church which dates from the around the 12th century. Subsequently,
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region of present-day
Germany suggested it might have been a high status encampment.
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use had been forgotten. The oldest parts of the present church were built in the
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Following the period of Roman administration, as land was cleared for use as
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Kimble G. D.(1933) Cholesbury Camp J. Brit. Arch. Assn. Vol 39(1) 187-212
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Late Iron Age metalwork found on ground surface Bucks County
Council
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331:, a small settlement gradually developed, associated with nearby
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A Geophysical Survey of
Cholesbury Camp Report (unpublished)
654:. Buckinghamshire County Council. Accessed 20 February 2011
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In 1953 there was an accidental find within the Camp of a
544:. Volume II, Appendix A, p. 105. Tempus Reparatum, 1993.
277:
St
Lawrence Church, built within the ramparts of the fort
2158:
Buildings and structures completed in the 1st century BC
665:
The landscape of
Britain: from the beginnings to 1914
606:
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place Names
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492:Hepple & Doggett, Leslie & Alison (1971).
351:(i.e. the fortified place of Ceolweald's people).
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425:, English Heritage. Accessed 20 February 2011
16:Iron Age hillfort in Buckinghamshire, England
8:
609:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
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205:period between the 6th century BC and the
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2168:English Heritage sites in Buckinghamshire
312:in 54AD until the early medieval period.
684:Cholesbury Parish British History Online
2163:Archaeological sites in Buckinghamshire
456:, p. 92. British Heritage Press, 1983.
439:
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170:on the northern edge of the village of
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2178:Scheduled monuments in Buckinghamshire
339:period leading to an expansion into a
542:Hillfort Defences of Southern Britain
247:Western inner bank of Cholesbury Camp
7:
500:. England: Phillimore & Co Ltd.
222:3D view of the digital terrain model
580:Gold Stater ('Gallo-Belgic A' type)
14:
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61:Location within Buckinghamshire
163:is a large and well-preserved
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2183:1st-century BC fortifications
2173:Hill forts in Buckinghamshire
1770:Cadbury Castle, South Cadbury
1724:Caer Caradoc, Church Stretton
730:Iron Age hillforts in England
260:by a shallow ditch and bank.
296:fragments imported from the
1775:King's Castle, Wiveliscombe
667:, p. 174. Routledge, 1997.
310:Roman occupation of Britain
226:The fort is located in the
35:Interior of Cholesbury Camp
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475:Records of Buckinghamshire
184:scheduled ancient monument
1729:Caer Caradog, Chapel Lawn
207:Roman invasion of Britain
40:
28:
603:Ekwall, Eilert (1977).
593:, Accessed 25 June 2015
570:, Accessed 25 June 2015
693:, Retrieved 21-02-2011
370:Cholesbury Manor House
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193:Map of Cholesbury Camp
154:15 acres (6.1 ha)
376:Church of St Lawrence
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1832:Kinver Edge Hillfort
1388:St. Catherine's Hill
269:Period of occupation
239:Structure and layout
138:Construction started
1899:Thundersbarrow Hill
1373:Old Winchester Hill
454:Prehistoric England
452:Richard Cavendish,
383:Early English Style
317:gold quarter stater
264:History of the fort
197:The fort is of the
118: /
75:Architectural style
70:General information
1343:Hamble Common Camp
1265:Greater Manchester
1199:Hollingbury Castle
689:2011-06-29 at the
650:2011-10-14 at the
589:2015-10-18 at the
566:2015-06-26 at the
417:2012-10-01 at the
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122:51.7561°N 0.6540°W
78:Iron Age hill fort
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2021:Liddington Castle
1874:Chanctonbury Ring
1636:Rainsborough Camp
1495:Wilbury Hill Camp
1113:Chalbury Hillfort
1093:Abbotsbury Castle
889:Kelsborrow Castle
837:Desborough Castle
811:Kings Weston Hill
785:Perborough Castle
673:978-0-415-15745-2
630:Gover, J (2001).
616:978-0-19-869103-7
550:978-0-86054-754-9
507:978-0-85033-833-1
462:978-0-517-41728-7
341:nucleated village
333:Drayton Beauchamp
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146:Technical details
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2082:Berrow Hill Camp
2056:Vespasian's Camp
2046:Scratchbury Camp
1951:Battlesbury Camp
1693:Uffington Castle
1619:Northamptonshire
1403:Whitsbury Castle
1348:King John's Hill
1328:Frankenbury Camp
1272:Mellor hill fort
1220:Ambresbury Banks
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95:
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
67:
66:
60:
51:
50:
44:
43:
42:
41:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2195:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2138:
2137:Wychbury Ring
2135:
2133:
2132:Woodbury Hill
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2041:Roundway Down
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1941:Ashleys Copse
1939:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1909:Torberry Hill
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1894:Highdown Hill
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1879:Cissbury Ring
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1858:Holmbury Hill
1856:
1854:
1853:Hascombe Hill
1851:
1849:
1848:Caesar's Camp
1846:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:Staffordshire
1803:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1755:
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1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1683:Cherbury Camp
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1631:Hunsbury Hill
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1610:Stanwick Camp
1608:
1606:
1605:Maiden Castle
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1558:Burrough Hill
1556:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:Hertfordshire
1481:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1459:Ivington Camp
1457:
1455:
1454:Garmsley Camp
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1424:Aconbury Camp
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:Herefordshire
1415:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1398:Toothill Fort
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1378:Oram's Arbour
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1303:Caesar's Camp
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1288:Ashleys Copse
1286:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1251:Kimsbury Camp
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1230:Loughton Camp
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1178:Woodbury Hill
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1163:Maiden Castle
1161:
1159:
1158:Lewesdon Hill
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1133:Eggardon Hill
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1123:Dudsbury Camp
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1108:Buzbury Rings
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1098:Badbury Rings
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1035:Warbstow Bury
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1020:Trereen Dinas
1018:
1016:
1015:Trencrom Hill
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
917:
915:
911:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
894:Maiden Castle
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
871:
869:
865:
859:
856:
854:
851:
850:
848:
844:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
822:
818:
812:
809:
807:
804:
803:
801:
797:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
770:Caesar's Camp
768:
766:
763:
762:
760:
756:
750:
747:
745:
744:Mowsbury Hill
742:
741:
739:
735:
731:
724:
719:
717:
712:
710:
705:
704:
701:
692:
688:
685:
680:
677:
674:
670:
666:
660:
657:
653:
649:
646:
641:
638:
633:
626:
623:
618:
612:
608:
605:
599:
596:
592:
588:
585:
581:
576:
573:
569:
565:
562:
557:
554:
551:
547:
543:
537:
534:
528:
526:
524:
522:
520:
518:
514:
509:
503:
498:
497:
496:The Chilterns
488:
485:
480:
476:
469:
466:
463:
459:
455:
449:
446:
440:
438:
436:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
413:
408:
406:
404:
402:
400:
398:
394:
388:
386:
384:
375:
373:
371:
367:
363:
354:
352:
350:
346:
345:Chelwoldesbyr
342:
338:
334:
330:
322:
320:
318:
313:
311:
307:
301:
299:
295:
291:
288:
283:
275:
268:
263:
261:
257:
253:
245:
238:
236:
234:
229:
220:
216:
213:
208:
204:
200:
191:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
166:
162:
153:
149:
144:
140:
136:
131:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
68:
48:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2117:Hanbury Hill
2112:Gadbury Bank
2097:British Camp
2051:Sidbury Hill
2026:Membury Camp
2016:Knook Castle
2006:Fosbury Camp
1976:Castle Rings
1749:Old Oswestry
1739:Coxall Knoll
1714:Bury Ditches
1709:Bayston Hill
1652:Castle Knowe
1626:Borough Hill
1579:Holkham Camp
1516:Oldbury Camp
1511:Bigbury Camp
1490:Arbury Banks
1469:Sutton Walls
1449:Dinedor Camp
1444:Croft Ambrey
1434:British Camp
1429:Brandon Camp
1393:Tidbury Ring
1383:Quarley Hill
1323:Dunwood Camp
1204:Mount Caburn
1128:Dungeon Hill
1103:Banbury Hill
1051:Carrock Fell
1025:Treryn Dinas
970:Kelly Rounds
960:Dodman Point
831:
806:Clifton Camp
790:Walbury Camp
780:Membury Camp
765:Bussock Camp
749:Maiden Bower
737:Bedfordshire
679:
664:
659:
640:
631:
625:
607:
604:
598:
575:
556:
541:
536:
495:
487:
478:
474:
468:
453:
448:
422:
379:
358:
348:
344:
326:
314:
302:
284:
280:
258:
254:
250:
225:
199:multivallate
196:
160:
159:
83:Town or city
18:
2092:Bredon Hill
2087:Berry Mound
1925:Castle Hill
1904:The Trundle
1867:West Sussex
1827:Castle Ring
1734:Caus Castle
1671:Oxfordshire
1584:Warham Camp
1542:Warton Crag
1532:Castercliff
1474:Wapley Hill
1464:Poston Camp
1439:Capler Camp
1338:Gorley Hill
1308:Castle Hill
1246:Cleeve Hill
1225:Danish Camp
1192:East Sussex
1183:Woolsbarrow
1168:Pilsdon Pen
1056:Castle Crag
990:Maen Castle
975:Kelsey Head
955:Chûn Castle
950:Castle Goff
945:Castle Dore
925:Cadson Bury
884:Helsby Hill
853:Stonea Camp
366:manor house
362:geophysical
337:Anglo-Saxon
294:quern-stone
125: /
100:Coordinates
2152:Categories
1986:Chiselbury
1817:Berth Hill
1812:Berry Ring
1754:The Wrekin
1744:Nordy Bank
1719:Bury Walls
1702:Shropshire
1525:Lancashire
1358:Ladle Hill
1353:Knoll Camp
1065:Derbyshire
980:Lescudjack
920:Black Head
389:References
323:Post-Roman
172:Cholesbury
110:51°45′22″N
86:Cholesbury
2031:Old Sarum
2001:Cley Hill
1961:Bury Camp
1934:Wiltshire
1822:Bury Bank
1796:Wincobank
1791:Carl Wark
1600:Eston Nab
1537:Portfield
1333:The Frith
1298:Bury Hill
1281:Hampshire
1256:Uley Bury
1010:The Rumps
1005:Rame Head
930:Caer Bran
879:Eddisbury
758:Berkshire
481:: 136–49.
423:Pastscape
168:hill fort
113:0°39′14″W
2107:Drakelow
1981:Chisbury
1763:Somerset
1408:Woolbury
1318:Danebury
1148:Hod Hill
913:Cornwall
867:Cheshire
687:Archived
648:Archived
587:Archived
564:Archived
415:Archived
287:bloomery
165:Iron Age
1567:Norfolk
1077:Mam Tor
1072:Fin Cop
1044:Cumbria
899:Oakmere
874:Bradley
799:Bristol
233:aquifer
180:England
94:England
91:Country
1841:Surrey
1086:Dorset
671:
613:
548:
504:
460:
1213:Essex
298:Eifel
212:Danes
1504:Kent
669:ISBN
611:ISBN
546:ISBN
502:ISBN
458:ISBN
290:slag
151:Size
174:in
2154::
582:,
516:^
479:18
477:.
430:^
421:.
396:^
186:.
178:,
722:e
715:t
708:v
634:.
619:.
510:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
