1528:
1474:
1496:
520:
497:
1619:
394:
419:
3634:
3664:
3649:
3619:
771:
1765:(AD) involves difficulty in memory and cognition. The concentrations of acetylcholine and ChAT are remarkably reduced in the cerebral neocortex and hippocampus. Although the cellular loss and dysfunction of the cholinergic neurones is considered a contributor to Alzheimer disease, it is generally not considered as a primary factor in the development of this disease. It is proposed that the aggregation and deposition of the
526:
425:
235:
1668:
1682:
6492:
1527:
1721:, several mutations in ChAT have been traced to the cha-1 gene. All mutations result in a significant drop in ChAT activity. Percent activity loss can be greater than 98% in some cases. Phenotypic effects include slowed growth, decreased size, uncoordinated behavior, and lack of sensitivity toward
1582:
There are two forms of ChAT: Soluble form and membrane-bound form. The soluble form accounts for 80-90% of the total enzyme activity while the membrane-bound form is responsible for the rest of 10-20% activity. However, there has long been a debate on how the latter form of ChAT is bound to the
1422:(CoA) was discovered simultaneously and independently by three laboratories, Nachmansohn's being one of these. Subsequently, acetyl-CoA, at the time called “active acetate,” was discovered in 1951. The 3D structure of rat-derived ChAT was not solved until nearly 60 years later, in 2004.
1473:
1781:(ALS) is one of the most common motor neuron diseases. A significant loss of ChAT immunoreactivity is found in ALS. It is hypothesized that the cholinergic function is involved in an uncontrolled increase of intracellular calcium concentration whose reason still remains unclear.
1604:
is very similar; however, pChAT is missing parts of the sequence present in cChAT. The pChAT isoform was discovered in 2000 based on observations that brain-derived ChAT antibodies failed to stain peripheral cholinergic neurons as they do for those found in the brain. This
261:
1495:
1649: – which are each implicated in different physiological responses. The role of acetylcholine at the nicotinic receptor is still under investigation. It is likely implicated in the reward/reinforcement pathways, as indicated by the addictive nature of
2269:
Pahud G, Salem N, van de Goor J, Medilanski J, Pellegrinelli N, Eder-Colli L (25 May 1998). "Study of subcellular localization of membrane-bound choline acetyltransferase in
Drosophila central nervous system and its association with membranes".
1609:
mechanism which leads to cChAT and pChAT differences has been observed in various species, including both vertebrate mammals and invertebrate mollusks, suggesting this mechanism leads to some yet-unidentified evolutionary advantage.
4796:
1591:
There exist two isoforms of ChAT, both encoded by the same sequence. The common type ChAT (cChAT) is present in both the CNS and PNS. Peripheral type ChAT (pChAT) is preferentially expressed in the PNS in humans, and arises from
2225:
Tandon A, Bachoo M, Weldon P, Polosa C, Collier B (1996). "Effects of colchicine application to preganglionic axons on choline acetyltransferase activity and acetylcholine content and release in the superior cervical ganglion".
1368:
and A. L. Machado in 1943. A German biochemist, Nachmansohn had been studying the process of nerve impulse conduction and utilization of energy-yielding chemical reactions in cells, expanding upon the works of Nobel laureates
1789:
Neostigmine methylsulfate, an anticholinesterase agent, has been used to target ChAT. In particular, use of neostigmine methylsulfate has been shown to have positive effects against congenital myasthenic syndrome.
3633:
3663:
3648:
3618:
3134:
Viegas-PĂ©quignot E, Berrard S, Brice A, Apiou F, Mallet J (1991). "Localization of a 900-bp-long fragment of the human choline acetyltransferase gene to 10q11.2 by nonradioactive in situ hybridization".
4789:
3336:
Bausero P, Schmitt M, Toussaint JL, Simoni P, Geoffroy V, Queuche D, Duclaud S, Kempf J, Quirin-Stricker C (1993). "Identification and analysis of the human choline acetyltransferase gene promoter".
3704:
5230:
5276:
2641:
Oda Y, Imai S, Nakanishi I, Ichikawa T, Deguchi T (December 1995). "Immunohistochemical study on choline acetyltransferase in the spinal cord of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis".
1389:. Based on prior research showing that "acetylcholine's actions on structural proteins" were responsible for nerve impulses, Nachmansohn and Machado investigated the origin of acetylcholine.
4782:
2147:
Govindasamy L, Pedersen B, Lian W, Kukar T, Gu Y, Jin S, Agbandje-McKenna M, Wu D, McKenna R (November 2004). "Structural insights and functional implications of choline acetyltransferase".
1349:, where its concentration is highest. Presence of ChAT in a nerve cell classifies this cell as a "cholinergic" neuron. In humans, the choline acetyltransferase enzyme is encoded by the
1440:. Choline is bound in the active site of ChAT by non-covalent interactions between the positively charged amine of choline and the hydroxyl group of Tyr552, in addition to a
2969:
Toussaint JL, Geoffroy V, Schmitt M, Werner A, Garnier JM, Simoni P, Kempf J (1992). "Human choline acetyltransferase (CHAT): partial gene sequence and potential control regions".
6464:
1414:
mode of action was unknown at the time of this discovery, however
Nachmansohn hypothesized the possibility of acetylphosphate or phosphorylcholine exchanging the phosphate (from
1653:, which also binds to the nicotinic receptor. The muscarinic action of acetylcholine in the CNS is implicated in learning and memory. The loss of cholinergic innervation in the
6469:
2897:
Oda Y, Nakanishi I, Deguchi T (1993). "A complementary DNA for human choline acetyltransferase induces two forms of enzyme with different molecular weights in cultured cells".
3697:
3458:
Misawa H, Matsuura J, Oda Y, Takahashi R, Deguchi T (1997). "Human choline acetyltransferase mRNAs with different 5'-region produce a 69-kDa major translation product".
3365:
Quirin-Stricker C, Nappey V, Simoni P, Toussaint JL, Schmitt M (1994). "Trans-activation by thyroid hormone receptors of the 5' flanking region of the human ChAT gene".
1748:. Out of ten isolated mutants, 1 has been shown to lack activity completely, 8 have been shown to have significantly decreased activity, and 1 has an unknown function.
533:
432:
1661:, cholinergic neurons are implicated in the control of visceral functions such as, but not limited to, cardiac muscle contraction and gastrointestinal tract function.
189:
3062:
Cervini R, Rocchi M, DiDonato S, Finocchiaro G (1992). "Isolation and sub-chromosomal localization of a DNA fragment of the human choline acetyltransferase gene".
2684:
Morrison BM, Morrison JH (January 1999). "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with mutations in superoxide dismutase: a putative mechanism of degeneration".
208:
4322:
4317:
3690:
1769:
protein, interferes with the metabolism of neurones and further damages the cholinergic axons in the cortex and cholinergic neurones in the basal forebrain.
4123:
2770:
Luine VN (August 1985). "Estradiol increases choline acetyltransferase activity in specific basal forebrain nuclei and projection areas of female rats".
979:
355:
3217:
Hersh LB, Takane K, Gylys K, Moomaw C, Slaughter C (1988). "Conservation of amino acid sequences between human and porcine choline acetyltransferase".
960:
4305:
5421:
4891:
3256:"cDNA cloning and complete sequence of porcine choline acetyltransferase: in vitro translation of the corresponding RNA yields an active protein"
4312:
3842:
1459:
shows the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA abuts the choline binding pocket – minimizing the distance between acetyl-group donor and receiver.
6514:
3598:
2313:
Bruce G, Hersh LB (December 1987). "Studies on detergent released choline acetyltransferase from membrane fractions of rat and human brain".
1885:
1867:
1455:
The choline substrate fits into a pocket in the interior of ChAT, while acetyl-CoA fits into a pocket on the surface of the protein. The 3D
4300:
2928:"Alpha-7 Nicotinic Receptor Signaling Pathway Participates in the Neurogenesis Induced by ChAT-Positive Neurons in the Subventricular Zone"
2926:
Wang J, Lu Z, Fu X, Zhang D, Yu L, Li N, Gao Y, Liu X, Yin C, Ke J, Li L, Zhai M, Wu S, Fan J, Lv L, Liu J, Chen X, Yang Q, Wang J (2017).
519:
6343:
6256:
4472:
4019:
3985:
3971:
3828:
1714:, and humans. Most non-lethal mutants that have a non-wild type phenotype exhibit some activity, but significantly less than wild type.
6312:
5116:
4440:
2182:
Oda Y (November 1999). "Choline acetyltransferase: the structure, distribution and pathologic changes in the central nervous system".
1566:
ChAT is very conserved across the animal genome. Among mammals, in particular, there is very high sequence similarity. Human and cat (
1227:
3500:
3487:
Lönnerberg P, Ibáñez CF (1999). "Novel, testis-specific mRNA transcripts encoding N-terminally truncated choline acetyltransferase".
1234:
496:
4505:
4256:
4194:
2998:
Lorenzi MV, Trinidad AC, Zhang R, Strauss WL (1992). "Two mRNAs are transcribed from the human gene for choline acetyltransferase".
1629:
systems are implicated in numerous neurologic functions. Alteration in some cholinergic neurons may account for the disturbances of
1597:
4901:
5396:
4251:
4246:
3980:
1976:
Berman R, Wilson IB, Nachmansohn D (September–October 1953). "Choline acetylase specificity in relation to biological function".
1733:
have all been lethal. Prior to death, affected flies show a change in behavior, including uncontrolled movements and a change in
3029:"Gene expression of mouse choline acetyltransferase. Alternative splicing and identification of a highly active promoter region"
2356:
Carroll PT (1994). "Membrane-bound choline-O-acetyltransferase in rat hippocampal tissue is associated with synaptic vesicles".
201:
4189:
1854:
1833:
1393:
An enzyme has been extracted from brain and nervous tissue which forms acetylcholine. The formation occurs only in presence of
4935:
4204:
4116:
3299:
Chireux MA, Le Van Thai A, Weber MJ (1995). "Human choline acetyltransferase gene: localization of alternative first exons".
2817:
Oda Y (2000). "Choline acetyltransferase: the structure, distribution and pathologic changes in the central nervous system".
1741:
418:
393:
128:
4661:
1850:
152:
4861:
3164:
Itoh N, Slemmon JR, Hawke DH, Williamson R, Morita E, Itakura K, Roberts E, Shively JE, Crawford GD, Salvaterra PM (1986).
258:
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4369:
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4263:
3862:
3777:
1778:
6482:
4911:
1829:
6459:
6198:
4812:
4290:
4184:
4179:
3936:
3642:: Structures of ligand bound human choline acetyltransferase provides insight into regulation of acetylcholine synthesis
2498:
Ohno K, Tsujino A, Brengman JM, Harper CM, Bajzer Z, Udd B, Beyring R, Robb S, Kirkham FJ, Engel AG (13 February 2001).
335:
4896:
3672:: Structures of ligand bound human choline acetyltransferase provide insight into regulation of acetylcholine synthesis
3657:: Structures of ligand bound human choline acetyltransferase provide insight into regulation of acetylcholine synthesis
3627:: Structures of ligand bound human choline acetyltransferase provide insight into regulation of acetylcholine synthesis
3396:"Functional identification of a vesicular acetylcholine transporter and its expression from a "cholinergic" gene locus"
5406:
4452:
4226:
2856:"ChAT-positive neurons participate in subventricular zone neurogenesis after middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice"
1479:
Crystal structure of choline ion bound in choline acetyltransferase. Side chain residues of His324A and Tyr552A shown.
4906:
532:
431:
6091:
6069:
4462:
4295:
4169:
3725:
2557:
Bartus RT, Dean RL, Beer B, Lippa AS (30 July 1982). "The cholinergic hypothesis of geriatric memory dysfunction".
4646:
3429:
Kengaku M, Misawa H, Deguchi T (1993). "Multiple mRNA species of choline acetyltransferase from rat spinal cord".
4871:
4856:
4762:
4749:
4736:
4723:
4710:
4697:
4684:
4410:
4386:
4337:
4221:
4149:
4109:
3837:
3591:
1722:
1658:
1338:
525:
424:
4876:
4656:
6286:
5939:
5836:
5561:
4610:
4553:
4415:
4140:
3570:
3394:
Erickson JD, Varoqui H, Schäfer MK, Modi W, Diebler MF, Weihe E, Rand J, Eiden LE, Bonner TI, Usdin TB (1994).
1024:
343:
146:
39:
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4558:
4457:
4364:
3916:
3897:
3757:
1005:
133:
4425:
4420:
4285:
3966:
1762:
1744:, a disease which leads to general motor function deficiency and weakness. Further symptoms include fatal
1726:
1638:
1618:
1415:
1394:
1334:
6204:
6125:
4579:
4498:
4405:
4400:
4085:
4011:
2500:"Choline acetyltransferase mutations cause myasthenic syndrome associated with episodic apnea in humans"
2400:
1370:
407:
213:
6369:
6365:
6361:
6357:
6334:
6330:
4651:
1657:
has been associated with memory loss, as is evidenced in advanced cases of
Alzheimer's disease. In the
121:
6054:
5401:
4921:
4881:
4467:
4354:
4341:
4241:
4081:
3823:
3584:
3566:
3177:
2602:"Relationship between plaques, tangles, and loss of cortical cholinergic fibers in Alzheimer disease"
2566:
2511:
1949:
Nachmansohn D, Machado AL (1943). "The
Formation of Acetylcholine. A New Enzyme: Choline Acetylase".
56:
20:
4774:
2854:
Wang J, Fu X, Zhang D, Yu L, Li N, Lu Z, Gao Y, Wang M, Liu X, Zhou C, Han W, Yan B, Wang J (2017).
322:
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6181:
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5861:
5811:
5336:
5136:
4994:
4615:
4199:
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1734:
1601:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1100:
1096:
1092:
51:
5921:
5917:
5913:
5909:
5146:
5103:
5054:
149:
5932:
5636:
5531:
5108:
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4815:
4548:
3512:
3324:
3242:
3087:
2842:
2795:
2752:
2709:
2666:
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2381:
2338:
2295:
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2207:
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1386:
367:
73:
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1210:
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1088:
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5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5265:
5205:
5195:
5059:
4959:
2073:"Studies on choline acetylase; on the preparation of the coenzyme and its effect on the enzyme"
1667:
1533:
Stereoscopic depiction of choline and acetyl-CoA bound in ChAT active site - alternate angle. (
6519:
6388:
6384:
6326:
6303:
6292:
5846:
5831:
5706:
5656:
5606:
5486:
5286:
4430:
4159:
3867:
3547:
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3475:
3446:
3417:
3382:
3353:
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3287:
3234:
3205:
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3122:
3079:
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3015:
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1993:
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1503:
1481:
1456:
1432:
1365:
315:
251:
140:
5591:
5079:
2463:
Greenspan RJ (1980). "Mutations of choline acetyltransferase and associated neural defects".
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6095:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
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5786:
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2322:
2279:
2235:
2191:
2156:
2121:
2084:
2024:
1985:
1958:
1916:
1740:
The human gene responsible for encoding ChAT is CHAT. Mutations in CHAT have been linked to
1305:
770:
612:
543:
487:
442:
5546:
6353:
6322:
6236:
6231:
6039:
5326:
5316:
5296:
4641:
4625:
4538:
4435:
4136:
4101:
4023:
3782:
3101:"Human choline acetyltransferase gene maps to region 10q11-q22.2 by in situ hybridization"
1905:"Human choline acetyltransferase gene maps to region 10q11-q22.2 by in situ hybridization"
587:
363:
109:
3526:"Chat, a Cas/HEF1-associated adaptor protein that integrates multiple signaling pathways"
3682:
3181:
2570:
2515:
2239:
85:
6496:
5954:
5646:
5566:
5321:
5291:
5131:
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4077:
3230:
2952:
2927:
2880:
2855:
2654:
2440:
2415:
1903:
Strauss WL, Kemper RR, Jayakar P, Kong CF, Hersh LB, Hilt DC, Rabin M (February 1991).
184:
44:
3471:
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3282:
3255:
3200:
3165:
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2697:
2089:
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2029:
2012:
894:
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858:
853:
848:
843:
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822:
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234:
164:
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6024:
5856:
5631:
5596:
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5126:
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4038:
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3442:
3378:
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3148:
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3100:
3075:
2982:
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2830:
2783:
2618:
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2369:
2283:
2195:
2125:
1989:
1921:
1904:
1687:
1634:
1606:
1593:
1441:
1374:
1346:
1308:
799:
159:
3516:
3328:
3246:
3091:
2846:
2713:
2670:
2484:
2416:"Choline acetyltransferase-deficient mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans"
2299:
2255:
2211:
6380:
6171:
6064:
6019:
5984:
5974:
5969:
5816:
5696:
5601:
5506:
5331:
5141:
5024:
5009:
4533:
4003:
2799:
2756:
2385:
2342:
1766:
1695:
1378:
605:
384:
347:
2431:
1341:(PNS). As with most nerve terminal proteins, ChAT is produced in the body of the
371:
6408:
6246:
6166:
6110:
6004:
5949:
5851:
5616:
5516:
5391:
5346:
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5113:
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5019:
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4132:
3804:
1890:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1872:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1626:
1583:
membrane. The membrane-bound form of ChAT is associated with synaptic vesicles.
1411:
1327:
1298:
168:
6491:
688:
6433:
6429:
6161:
6151:
6146:
6059:
6034:
5994:
5989:
5979:
5964:
5905:
5900:
5711:
5571:
5556:
5526:
5501:
5476:
5431:
5426:
5416:
5386:
5356:
5220:
5210:
5155:
5150:
5121:
5098:
5064:
5029:
5014:
4979:
4954:
4808:
3950:
3099:
Strauss WL, Kemper RR, Jayakar P, Kong CF, Hersh LB, Hilt DC, Rabin M (1991).
2943:
2871:
2160:
2013:"A Common Factor in the Enzymatic Acetylation of Sulfanilamide and of Choline"
1642:
1419:
1382:
1342:
1319:
504:
401:
351:
2112:
Jones DH, Nelson WL (1968). "A method for isolation of coenzyme A products".
6272:
6156:
6105:
6014:
6009:
5999:
5841:
5776:
5771:
5761:
5716:
5686:
5681:
5666:
5651:
5621:
5586:
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5481:
5361:
5351:
5341:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5225:
5200:
5165:
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5069:
5039:
4999:
4949:
4731:
4705:
3958:
3954:
3738:
3734:
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3011:
2578:
1962:
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748:
626:
571:
558:
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457:
359:
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2961:
2889:
2838:
2748:
2543:
2524:
2203:
2168:
2098:
2057:
2044:
Lipton MA (1946). "Mechanism of the enzymatic synthesis of acetylcholine".
1997:
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3421:
3386:
3357:
3320:
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3238:
3209:
3156:
3126:
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3019:
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2705:
2662:
2627:
2586:
2449:
2377:
2334:
2291:
2247:
2133:
1930:
1274:
1269:
6439:
6141:
6074:
6029:
5959:
5927:
5826:
5806:
5796:
5661:
5581:
5511:
5496:
5381:
5376:
5281:
5215:
5160:
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4164:
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3800:
3796:
1650:
1445:
1316:
1258:
1069:
1050:
3501:
10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199907)53:3<274::AID-MRD3>3.0.CO;2-8
1570:) ChAT, for example, have 89% sequence identity. Sequence identity with
6176:
6084:
6049:
5821:
5721:
5691:
5676:
5626:
5521:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5411:
5366:
5260:
5255:
5175:
5170:
5044:
4034:
2476:
2326:
1673:
1330:
1326:, yielding acetylcholine (ACh). ChAT is found in high concentration in
1323:
1036:
991:
116:
97:
3254:
Berrard S, Brice A, Lottspeich F, Braun A, Barde YA, Mallet J (1988).
2727:
Greer M, Schotland M (July 1960). "Myasthenia gravis in the newborn".
1549:
1539:
1517:
1507:
1501:
Stereoscopic depiction of choline and acetyl-CoA in ChAT active site.(
1485:
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4268:
4209:
3713:
1408:
1312:
1301:
1242:
946:
196:
92:
80:
68:
1633:. The protein encoded by this gene synthesizes the neurotransmitter
6079:
5801:
5791:
5641:
5536:
4886:
4718:
4327:
4214:
1745:
1617:
1430:
The 3D structure of ChAT has been solved by X-ray crystallography
1706:
Mutants of ChAT have been isolated in several species, including
909:
905:
4231:
4015:
1353:
339:
104:
4778:
4487:
4105:
3686:
3580:
779:
3576:
326:, CHOACTASE, CMS1A, CMS1A2, CMS6, choline O-acetyltransferase
5231:
Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)
6344:
6257:
5277:
2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate
6313:
4483:
1418:) for choline or acetate ion. It was not until 1945 that
1637:. Acetylcholine acts at two classes of receptors in the
595:
3166:"Cloning of Drosophila choline acetyltransferase cDNA"
2600:
Geula C, Mesulam MM, Saroff DM, Wu CK (January 1998).
1694:
It is often used as an immunohistochemical marker for
6480:
760:
1464:
Structure of choline acetyltransferase binding sites
6398:
6302:
6285:
6255:
6214:
6197:
6124:
4920:
4839:
4822:
4670:
4634:
4603:
4572:
4521:
4385:
4336:
4148:
4066:
4046:
4033:
3998:
3949:
3925:
3905:
3892:
3851:
3812:
3795:
3766:
3746:
3733:
3724:
1203:
1158:
1132:
1087:
207:
195:
183:
178:
158:
139:
127:
115:
103:
91:
79:
67:
62:
50:
38:
33:
28:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1825:
1823:
1821:
4841:
1364:Choline acetyltransferase was first described by
542:
441:
1797:has been shown to increase ChAT in female rats.
2504:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1391:
16:Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
6186:Many of the other AChE inhibitors listed above
1851:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021919
6126:
4790:
4499:
4117:
3698:
3592:
8:
6465:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
4922:
4323:2-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase
4318:1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase
1622:synthesis and transportation of ACh in cells
6470:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
6349:Tooltip Vesicle-associated membrane protein
6262:Tooltip Vesicular acetylcholine transporter
6216:
1830:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000070748
6318:Tooltip Synaptosomal-associated protein 25
6299:
6211:
4836:
4797:
4783:
4775:
4506:
4492:
4484:
4124:
4110:
4102:
4043:
3902:
3809:
3743:
3730:
3705:
3691:
3683:
3599:
3585:
3577:
1155:
1084:
920:
795:
583:
482:
379:
269:
175:
3569:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
3541:
3411:
3281:
3271:
3199:
3189:
3116:
3044:
2951:
2879:
2617:
2533:
2523:
2439:
2088:
2028:
1920:
1397:. The enzyme is called choline acetylase.
880:phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process
6487:
5422:Dimethyl 4-(methylthio)phenyl phosphate
3614:
1817:
1663:
1469:
4313:Glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase
3843:Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
1587:Common and peripheral isoforms of ChAT
224:
25:
5612:Methylfluorophosphonylcholine (MFPCh)
4862:2-(α-Naphthoyl)ethyltrimethylammonium
4306:Lecithin—cholesterol acyltransferase
3027:Misawa H, Ishii K, Deguchi T (1992).
2414:Rand JB, Russell RL (February 1984).
1304:responsible for the synthesis of the
875:neurotransmitter biosynthetic process
547:
508:
503:
446:
405:
400:
7:
4301:Glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase
1311:. ChAT catalyzes the transfer of an
823:choline O-acetyltransferase activity
6409:
4912:N,N-Dimethylaminoethylchloroacetate
4473:Sulfoacetaldehyde acetyltransferase
4165:Acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase
3986:Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase
2240:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66031033.x
890:neuromuscular synaptic transmission
4389:: converted into alkyl on transfer
3231:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb01166.x
2655:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1995.tb03418.x
1200:
1129:
1060:
1041:
1015:
996:
970:
951:
895:acetylcholine biosynthetic process
765:
723:central gray substance of midbrain
683:
621:
600:
14:
4846:Tooltip Choline acetyltransferase
4195:Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
2465:Journal of Comparative Physiology
1598:post-transcriptional modification
6490:
5906:Fasciculins (green mamba toxins)
5397:Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate
4247:Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
3981:Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
3662:
3647:
3632:
3617:
3524:Sakakibara A, Hattori S (2000).
3350:10.1097/00001756-199303000-00015
2831:10.1046/j.1440-1827.1999.00977.x
2619:10.1097/00005072-199801000-00008
2284:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00177.x
2272:European Journal of Neuroscience
2196:10.1046/j.1440-1827.1999.00977.x
2071:Nachmansohn D, Berman M (1946).
1680:
1666:
1526:
1494:
1472:
769:
703:lumbar subsegment of spinal cord
531:
524:
518:
495:
430:
423:
417:
392:
233:
5837:Tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP)
5562:Hexaethyl tetraphosphate (HETP)
4190:Beta-galactoside transacetylase
4907:N,N-Dimethylaminoethylacrylate
4205:Serotonin N-acetyl transferase
4152:: other than amino-acyl groups
1742:congenital myasthenic syndrome
1402:Nachmanson & Machado, 1943
780:More reference expression data
749:More reference expression data
1:
6460:Receptor/signaling modulators
6232:Hemicholinium-3 (hemicholine)
6131:Tooltip Butyrylcholinesterase
4370:Keratinocyte transglutaminase
4350:Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
4264:Serine C-palmitoyltransferase
3863:Catechol-O-methyl transferase
3778:Histamine N-methyltransferase
3472:10.1016/S0169-328X(96)00231-8
3413:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)31734-9
3046:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)88714-8
2698:10.1016/s0165-0173(98)00049-6
2149:Journal of Structural Biology
2090:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)41168-9
2030:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)41419-0
2011:Lipmann F, Kaplan NO (1946).
1978:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta
1779:amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
1773:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
1727:temperature-sensitive mutants
516:
415:
6515:Genes on human chromosome 10
4927:Tooltip Acetylcholinesterase
4291:Aminolevulinic acid synthase
4185:Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
4180:Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
3937:4-aminobutyrate transaminase
3443:10.1016/0169-328X(93)90174-N
3379:10.1016/0169-328X(94)90232-1
3260:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
3170:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
3149:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90242-7
3118:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90273-H
3076:10.1016/0304-3940(91)90299-9
2983:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90395-9
2911:10.1016/0169-328X(92)90237-6
2784:10.1016/0014-4886(85)90108-6
2370:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91529-6
2126:10.1016/0003-2697(68)90195-4
1990:10.1016/0006-3002(53)90150-4
1922:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90273-H
715:anterior horn of spinal cord
6221:Tooltip Choline transporter
6167:Profenamine (ethopropazine)
5407:Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
4872:4-(1-Naphthylvinyl)pyridine
4857:1-(-Benzoylethyl)pyridinium
4453:2-hydroxyglutarate synthase
1395:adenosinetriphosphate (ATP)
6536:
6070:Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride
4877:Acetylseco hemicholinium-3
4463:2-isopropylmalate synthase
4296:Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase
4170:N-Acetylglutamate synthase
2432:10.1093/genetics/106.2.227
1345:and is transported to the
885:neurotransmitter secretion
649:mucosa of transverse colon
18:
6452:
4662:Michaelis–Menten kinetics
4411:Decylhomocitrate synthase
4222:Histone acetyltransferase
4175:Choline acetyltransferase
4058:Choline acetyltransferase
3976:-amino acid decarboxylase
3838:Dopamine beta-hydroxylase
3833:-amino acid decarboxylase
3612:
3567:Choline+Acetyltransferase
3460:Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res
3431:Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res
3367:Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res
2944:10.1007/s12975-017-0541-7
2899:Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res
2872:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.09.007
2161:10.1016/j.jsb.2004.06.005
1886:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1868:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1723:cholinesterase inhibitors
1659:peripheral nervous system
1339:peripheral nervous system
1289:(commonly abbreviated as
1287:Choline acetyltransferase
1273:
1268:
1264:
1257:
1241:
1222:
1207:
1182:
1151:
1136:
1111:
1080:
1067:
1063:
1048:
1044:
1035:
1022:
1018:
1003:
999:
990:
977:
973:
958:
954:
945:
930:
923:
919:
903:
798:
794:
777:
768:
759:
746:
695:
686:
633:
624:
594:
586:
582:
565:
552:
515:
494:
485:
481:
464:
451:
414:
391:
382:
378:
333:
330:
320:
313:
308:
277:
272:
255:
250:
245:
241:
232:
227:
174:
29:Choline acetyltransferase
5940:Methanesulfonyl fluoride
4554:Diffusion-limited enzyme
4416:2-methylcitrate synthase
3571:Medical Subject Headings
2606:J Neuropathol Exp Neurol
1235:Chr 14: 32.13 – 32.19 Mb
1228:Chr 10: 49.61 – 49.67 Mb
818:acyltransferase activity
19:Not to be confused with
5117:+glycopyrronium bromide
4458:3-propylmalate synthase
4365:Tissue transglutaminase
3917:Glutamate decarboxylase
3758:Histidine decarboxylase
3273:10.1073/pnas.84.24.9280
3191:10.1073/pnas.83.11.4081
3012:10.1089/dna.1992.11.593
2686:Brain Res Brain Res Rev
2579:10.1126/science.7046051
2184:Pathology International
1963:10.1152/jn.1943.6.5.397
1756:
4867:3-Chloro-4-stillbazole
4426:3-ethylmalate synthase
4421:2-ethylmalate synthase
4286:Acyltransferase like 2
3967:Tryptophan hydroxylase
3543:10.1074/jbc.275.9.6404
2772:Experimental Neurology
2525:10.1073/pnas.98.4.2017
1639:central nervous system
1623:
1405:
1335:central nervous system
731:neural layer of retina
727:superior frontal gyrus
4647:Eadie–Hofstee diagram
4580:Allosteric regulation
4406:Citrate (Re)-synthase
4401:Decylcitrate synthase
4342:Aminoacyltransferases
4242:palmitoyltransferases
4086:Butyrylcholinesterase
4012:Nitric oxide synthase
3313:10.1002/jnr.490400402
2741:10.1542/peds.26.1.101
1752:Clinical significance
1621:
510:Chromosome 14 (mouse)
408:Chromosome 10 (human)
6428:Atracotoxins (e.g.,
6055:Tetrahydrocannabinol
5402:Diisopropylphosphate
4657:Lineweaver–Burk plot
4468:Homocitrate synthase
4355:Peptidyl transferase
4082:Acetylcholinesterase
3824:Tyrosine hydroxylase
1553: - overlaid).
1521: - overlaid).
813:transferase activity
719:striatum of neuraxis
699:facial motor nucleus
549:14 B|14 19.4 cM
273:List of PDB id codes
246:Available structures
21:Acetylcholinesterase
6414:Tooltip Latrophilin
6116:Trimedoxime bromide
6045:Stercuronium iodide
5862:Tricresyl phosphate
5337:Chlorpyrifos-methyl
4200:N-acetyltransferase
3182:1986PNAS...83.4081I
2571:1982Sci...217..408B
2516:2001PNAS...98.2017O
1763:Alzheimer's disease
1757:Alzheimer's disease
1602:amino acid sequence
1596:(exons 6–9) during
5933:Onchidella binneyi
5275:Organophosphates:
4616:Enzyme superfamily
4549:Enzyme promiscuity
4160:acetyltransferases
2477:10.1007/BF00656920
2327:10.1007/bf00971705
1624:
1444:between choline's
1387:muscle contraction
1025:ENSMUSG00000021919
868:Biological process
832:Cellular component
806:Molecular function
6478:
6477:
6448:
6447:
6296:
6281:
6280:
6208:
6193:
6192:
5832:Tetrachlorvinphos
5707:Pirimiphos-methyl
5657:Oxydemeton-methyl
5607:Methyl phenkapton
4833:
4772:
4771:
4481:
4480:
4431:ATP citrate lyase
4099:
4098:
4095:
4094:
3994:
3993:
3975:
3945:
3944:
3888:
3887:
3868:Monoamine oxidase
3832:
3791:
3790:
3718:neurotransmission
3680:
3679:
2932:Transl Stroke Res
1807:Acetyltransferase
1735:electroretinogram
1631:Alzheimer disease
1600:. Therefore, the
1457:crystal structure
1452:residue, His324.
1366:David Nachmansohn
1284:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1253:
1252:
1218:
1217:
1197:
1196:
1147:
1146:
1126:
1125:
1076:
1075:
1057:
1056:
1031:
1030:
1012:
1011:
986:
985:
967:
966:
915:
914:
859:neuron projection
790:
789:
786:
785:
755:
754:
742:
741:
680:
679:
657:nucleus accumbens
578:
577:
477:
476:
304:
303:
300:
299:
256:Ortholog search:
223:
222:
219:
218:
122:metabolic pathway
6527:
6495:
6494:
6486:
6415:
6411:
6350:
6346:
6319:
6315:
6300:
6290:
6263:
6259:
6222:
6218:
6212:
6202:
6132:
6128:
6096:Asoxime chloride
5672:Parathion-methyl
5372:Demeton-S-methyl
4928:
4924:
4847:
4843:
4837:
4827:
4799:
4792:
4785:
4776:
4652:Hanes–Woolf plot
4595:Enzyme activator
4590:Enzyme inhibitor
4564:Enzyme catalysis
4508:
4501:
4494:
4485:
4441:HMG-CoA synthase
4396:Citrate synthase
4360:Transglutaminase
4137:acyltransferases
4126:
4119:
4112:
4103:
4071:
4051:
4044:
3973:
3930:
3910:
3903:
3856:
3830:
3817:
3810:
3771:
3751:
3744:
3731:
3707:
3700:
3693:
3684:
3666:
3651:
3636:
3621:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3578:
3555:
3545:
3520:
3489:Mol. Reprod. Dev
3483:
3454:
3425:
3415:
3406:(35): 21929–32.
3390:
3361:
3332:
3301:J. Neurosci. Res
3295:
3285:
3275:
3250:
3213:
3203:
3193:
3160:
3130:
3120:
3095:
3058:
3048:
3023:
2994:
2965:
2955:
2922:
2893:
2883:
2860:Behav. Brain Res
2850:
2804:
2803:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2621:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2565:(4558): 408–14.
2554:
2548:
2547:
2537:
2527:
2510:(4): 2017–2022.
2495:
2489:
2488:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2443:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2092:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1946:
1935:
1934:
1924:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1864:
1858:
1848:
1837:
1827:
1684:
1670:
1552:
1542:
1530:
1520:
1510:
1498:
1488:
1476:
1439:
1403:
1306:neurotransmitter
1293:, but sometimes
1266:
1265:
1237:
1230:
1213:
1201:
1192:
1156:
1152:RefSeq (protein)
1142:
1130:
1121:
1085:
1061:
1042:
1016:
997:
971:
952:
921:
796:
782:
773:
766:
751:
711:nucleus ambiguus
691:
689:Top expressed in
684:
629:
627:Top expressed in
622:
601:
584:
574:
561:
550:
535:
528:
522:
511:
499:
483:
473:
460:
449:
434:
427:
421:
410:
396:
380:
374:
372:CHAT - orthologs
325:
318:
295:
270:
264:
243:
242:
237:
225:
176:
26:
6535:
6534:
6530:
6529:
6528:
6526:
6525:
6524:
6505:
6504:
6501:
6489:
6481:
6479:
6474:
6444:
6413:
6394:
6354:Botulinum toxin
6348:
6323:Botulinum toxin
6317:
6289:
6277:
6261:
6251:
6237:Triethylcholine
6220:
6201:
6189:
6130:
6120:
6040:Rosmarinic acid
5807:Sulfotep (TEDP)
5477:Ethylsarin (GE)
5357:Cyclosarin (GF)
5327:Chlorfenvinphos
5317:Carbophenothion
5297:Azinphos-methyl
4926:
4916:
4882:Acryloylcholine
4845:
4826:
4818:
4803:
4773:
4768:
4680:Oxidoreductases
4666:
4642:Enzyme kinetics
4630:
4626:List of enzymes
4599:
4568:
4539:Catalytic triad
4517:
4512:
4482:
4477:
4436:Malate synthase
4381:
4332:
4144:
4130:
4100:
4091:
4067:
4062:
4047:
4029:
3990:
3941:
3926:
3921:
3906:
3884:
3852:
3847:
3813:
3787:
3783:Diamine oxidase
3767:
3762:
3747:
3720:
3711:
3681:
3676:
3673:
3667:
3658:
3652:
3643:
3637:
3628:
3622:
3608:
3605:
3563:
3558:
3523:
3486:
3457:
3428:
3393:
3364:
3335:
3298:
3253:
3216:
3163:
3133:
3098:
3061:
3039:(28): 20392–9.
3026:
2997:
2968:
2925:
2905:(3–4): 287–94.
2896:
2853:
2816:
2812:
2810:Further reading
2807:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2401:"Acetylcholine"
2398:
2397:
2393:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2321:(12): 1059–66.
2312:
2311:
2307:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2052:(1 Pt 2): 145.
2043:
2042:
2038:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1984:(1–2): 315–24.
1975:
1974:
1970:
1951:J. Neurophysiol
1948:
1947:
1938:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1849:
1840:
1828:
1819:
1815:
1803:
1787:
1775:
1759:
1754:
1704:
1698:(motoneurons).
1690:
1685:
1676:
1671:
1616:
1589:
1580:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1544:
1534:
1531:
1522:
1512:
1502:
1499:
1490:
1480:
1477:
1466:
1465:
1431:
1428:
1404:
1401:
1362:
1315:group from the
1275:View/Edit Mouse
1270:View/Edit Human
1233:
1226:
1223:Location (UCSC)
1209:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1138:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1006:ENSG00000070748
899:
863:
827:
778:
747:
738:
735:globus pallidus
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
687:
676:
671:
667:
665:small intestine
663:
659:
655:
653:caudate nucleus
651:
647:
643:
639:
625:
569:
556:
548:
538:
537:
536:
529:
509:
486:Gene location (
468:
455:
447:
437:
436:
435:
428:
406:
383:Gene location (
334:
321:
314:
279:
257:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6533:
6531:
6523:
6522:
6517:
6507:
6506:
6500:
6499:
6476:
6475:
6473:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6453:
6450:
6449:
6446:
6445:
6443:
6442:
6437:
6422:
6421:
6404:
6402:
6396:
6395:
6393:
6392:
6389:Îł-bungarotoxin
6385:β-bungarotoxin
6374:
6373:
6339:
6338:
6308:
6306:
6297:
6283:
6282:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6275:
6266:
6264:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6249:
6240:
6239:
6234:
6225:
6223:
6209:
6195:
6194:
6191:
6190:
6188:
6187:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6135:
6133:
6122:
6121:
6119:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6088:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5943:
5942:
5937:
5925:
5903:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5647:Novichok agent
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5567:Isofluorophate
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5322:Chlorethoxyfos
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5292:Azinphos-ethyl
5289:
5284:
5279:
5269:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5132:Pyridostigmine
5129:
5124:
5119:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4931:
4929:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4850:
4848:
4834:
4820:
4819:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4794:
4787:
4779:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4753:
4740:
4727:
4714:
4701:
4688:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4607:
4605:
4604:Classification
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4576:
4574:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4488:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4392:
4390:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4357:
4352:
4346:
4344:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4155:
4153:
4146:
4145:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4121:
4114:
4106:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4078:Cholinesterase
4074:
4072:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4054:
4052:
4041:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4008:
4006:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3969:
3963:
3961:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3933:
3931:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3913:
3911:
3900:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3865:
3859:
3857:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3826:
3820:
3818:
3807:
3793:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3774:
3772:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3754:
3752:
3741:
3728:
3722:
3721:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3687:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3668:
3661:
3659:
3653:
3646:
3644:
3638:
3631:
3629:
3623:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3596:
3589:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3562:
3561:External links
3559:
3557:
3556:
3536:(9): 6404–10.
3521:
3484:
3455:
3426:
3391:
3362:
3333:
3296:
3266:(24): 9280–4.
3251:
3214:
3176:(11): 4081–5.
3161:
3131:
3096:
3064:Neurosci. Lett
3059:
3024:
3006:(8): 593–603.
2995:
2966:
2938:(5): 484–493.
2923:
2894:
2851:
2825:(11): 921–37.
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2762:
2719:
2676:
2633:
2592:
2549:
2490:
2455:
2406:
2391:
2364:(1–2): 112–8.
2348:
2305:
2278:(5): 1644–53.
2261:
2234:(3): 1033–41.
2217:
2190:(11): 921–37.
2174:
2139:
2104:
2063:
2036:
2023:(3): 743–744.
2003:
1968:
1957:(5): 397–403.
1936:
1895:
1877:
1859:
1838:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1799:
1786:
1783:
1774:
1771:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1703:
1700:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1679:
1677:
1672:
1665:
1615:
1612:
1588:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1574:is about 30%.
1563:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1532:
1525:
1523:
1500:
1493:
1491:
1478:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1427:
1424:
1399:
1361:
1358:
1347:nerve terminal
1333:, both in the
1282:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1205:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1180:
1179:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1134:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1109:
1108:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1065:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1046:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1020:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1001:
1000:
994:
988:
987:
984:
983:
975:
974:
968:
965:
964:
956:
955:
949:
943:
942:
937:
932:
928:
927:
917:
916:
913:
912:
901:
900:
898:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
871:
869:
865:
864:
862:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
835:
833:
829:
828:
826:
825:
820:
815:
809:
807:
803:
802:
792:
791:
788:
787:
784:
783:
775:
774:
763:
757:
756:
753:
752:
744:
743:
740:
739:
737:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
693:
692:
681:
678:
677:
675:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
631:
630:
618:
617:
609:
598:
592:
591:
588:RNA expression
580:
579:
576:
575:
567:
563:
562:
554:
551:
546:
540:
539:
530:
523:
517:
513:
512:
507:
501:
500:
492:
491:
479:
478:
475:
474:
466:
462:
461:
453:
450:
445:
439:
438:
429:
422:
416:
412:
411:
404:
398:
397:
389:
388:
376:
375:
332:
328:
327:
319:
311:
310:
306:
305:
302:
301:
298:
297:
275:
274:
266:
265:
254:
248:
247:
239:
238:
230:
229:
221:
220:
217:
216:
211:
205:
204:
199:
193:
192:
187:
181:
180:
172:
171:
162:
156:
155:
144:
137:
136:
131:
125:
124:
119:
113:
112:
107:
101:
100:
95:
89:
88:
83:
77:
76:
71:
65:
64:
60:
59:
54:
48:
47:
42:
36:
35:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6532:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6512:
6510:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6484:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6455:
6454:
6451:
6441:
6438:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6420:
6417:
6412:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6401:
6397:
6390:
6386:
6382:
6381:Bungarotoxins
6379:
6376:
6375:
6371:
6367:
6363:
6359:
6355:
6352:
6351:inactivators:
6347:
6341:
6340:
6336:
6332:
6328:
6324:
6321:
6320:inactivators:
6316:
6310:
6309:
6307:
6305:
6301:
6298:
6294:
6288:
6284:
6274:
6271:
6268:
6267:
6265:
6260:
6254:
6248:
6245:
6242:
6241:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6227:
6226:
6224:
6219:
6213:
6210:
6206:
6200:
6196:
6185:
6183:
6182:ZINC-12613047
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6129:
6123:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6093:
6090:
6089:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6025:Lactucopicrin
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5945:
5944:
5941:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5929:
5926:
5923:
5919:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5857:Trichloronate
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5632:Monocrotophos
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5597:Methamidophos
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5472:Echothiophate
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5274:
5273:Irreversible:
5271:
5270:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5137:Quilostigmine
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5127:Physostigmine
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:; Stigmines:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4995:Chloropropham
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4925:
4919:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4844:
4838:
4835:
4831:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4814:
4810:
4807:
4806:Acetylcholine
4800:
4795:
4793:
4788:
4786:
4781:
4780:
4777:
4764:
4760:
4759:
4754:
4751:
4747:
4746:
4741:
4738:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4712:
4708:
4707:
4702:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4686:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4669:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4621:Enzyme family
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4585:Cooperativity
4583:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4571:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4544:Oxyanion hole
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4509:
4504:
4502:
4497:
4495:
4490:
4489:
4486:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4384:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4238:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4147:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4127:
4122:
4120:
4115:
4113:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4065:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4039:Acetylcholine
4036:
4032:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3924:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3850:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3765:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3708:
3703:
3701:
3696:
3694:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3671:
3665:
3660:
3656:
3650:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3630:
3626:
3620:
3615:
3611:
3602:
3597:
3595:
3590:
3588:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3572:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3553:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3530:J. Biol. Chem
3527:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3495:(3): 274–81.
3494:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3466:(2): 323–33.
3465:
3461:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3437:(1–2): 71–6.
3436:
3432:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3400:J. Biol. Chem
3397:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3373:(3): 253–65.
3372:
3368:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3344:(3): 287–90.
3343:
3339:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3307:(4): 427–38.
3306:
3302:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3225:(6): 1843–5.
3224:
3220:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3033:J. Biol. Chem
3030:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
3000:DNA Cell Biol
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2778:(2): 484–90.
2777:
2773:
2766:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2723:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2692:(1): 121–35.
2691:
2687:
2680:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2649:(12): 933–9.
2648:
2644:
2637:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2596:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2553:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2426:(2): 227–48.
2425:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2407:
2402:
2399:Rand, James.
2395:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2352:
2349:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2315:Neurochem Res
2309:
2306:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2265:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2221:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2155:(2): 226–35.
2154:
2150:
2143:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2114:Anal. Biochem
2108:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2083:(2): 551–63.
2082:
2078:
2077:J. Biol. Chem
2074:
2067:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2037:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2017:J. Biol. Chem
2014:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1791:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1696:motor neurons
1689:
1688:Acetylcholine
1683:
1678:
1675:
1669:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1635:acetylcholine
1632:
1628:
1620:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:gene splicing
1603:
1599:
1595:
1594:exon skipping
1586:
1584:
1578:Forms of ChAT
1577:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1561:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1537:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1475:
1470:
1460:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:hydrogen bond
1438:
1434:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1398:
1396:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1375:Otto Meyerhof
1372:
1367:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1309:acetylcholine
1307:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1214:
1212:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1141:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1081:RefSeq (mRNA)
1079:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1002:
998:
995:
993:
989:
982:
981:
976:
972:
969:
963:
962:
957:
953:
950:
948:
944:
941:
938:
936:
933:
929:
926:
922:
918:
911:
907:
902:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
872:
870:
867:
866:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
834:
831:
830:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
808:
805:
804:
801:
800:Gene ontology
797:
793:
781:
776:
772:
767:
764:
762:
758:
750:
745:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
697:
694:
690:
685:
682:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
635:
632:
628:
623:
620:
619:
616:
614:
610:
608:
607:
603:
602:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
573:
568:
564:
560:
555:
545:
541:
534:
527:
521:
514:
506:
502:
498:
493:
489:
484:
480:
472:
467:
463:
459:
454:
444:
440:
433:
426:
420:
413:
409:
403:
399:
395:
390:
386:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
329:
324:
317:
312:
307:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
276:
271:
268:
267:
263:
260:
253:
249:
244:
240:
236:
231:
226:
215:
212:
210:
206:
203:
200:
198:
194:
191:
188:
186:
182:
177:
173:
170:
166:
163:
161:
160:Gene Ontology
157:
154:
151:
148:
145:
142:
138:
135:
132:
130:
126:
123:
120:
118:
114:
111:
108:
106:
102:
99:
98:NiceZyme view
96:
94:
90:
87:
84:
82:
78:
75:
72:
70:
66:
61:
58:
55:
53:
49:
46:
43:
41:
37:
32:
27:
22:
6502:
6425:
6419:α-Latrotoxin
6407:
6377:
6342:
6311:
6269:
6243:
6228:
6172:Rivastigmine
6138:
6092:Reactivators
6065:Ungiminorine
6020:Kobophenol A
5985:Coronaridine
5975:Bulbocapnine
5970:Arisugacin A
5946:
5931:
5817:Tebupirimfos
5697:Phosphamidon
5602:Methidathion
5507:Fenitrothion
5332:Chlorpyrifos
5272:
5147:Terestigmine
5142:Rivastigmine
5104:Eptastigmine
5055:Phenmedipham
5025:Formparanate
5010:Ethiofencarb
4943:Carbamates:
4940:
4934:
4853:
4840:
4758:Translocases
4755:
4742:
4729:
4716:
4703:
4693:Transferases
4690:
4677:
4534:Binding site
4282:
4240:
4174:
4158:
4133:Transferases
4068:
4057:
4048:
3927:
3907:
3853:
3814:
3768:
3748:
3716:involved in
3669:
3654:
3639:
3624:
3533:
3529:
3492:
3488:
3463:
3459:
3434:
3430:
3403:
3399:
3370:
3366:
3341:
3337:
3304:
3300:
3263:
3259:
3222:
3219:J. Neurochem
3218:
3173:
3169:
3143:(1): 210–2.
3140:
3136:
3111:(2): 396–8.
3108:
3104:
3070:(2): 191–4.
3067:
3063:
3036:
3032:
3003:
2999:
2977:(2): 412–6.
2974:
2970:
2935:
2931:
2902:
2898:
2863:
2859:
2822:
2818:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2612:(1): 63–75.
2609:
2605:
2595:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2507:
2503:
2493:
2471:(1): 83–92.
2468:
2464:
2458:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2394:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2231:
2228:J. Neurochem
2227:
2220:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2120:(3): 350–7.
2117:
2113:
2107:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2020:
2016:
2006:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1954:
1950:
1915:(2): 396–8.
1912:
1908:
1898:
1889:
1880:
1871:
1862:
1793:Exposure to
1792:
1788:
1776:
1767:Beta amyloid
1760:
1739:
1730:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1693:
1625:
1590:
1581:
1571:
1567:
1565:
1454:
1448:group and a
1429:
1406:
1392:
1379:fermentation
1371:Otto Warburg
1363:
1350:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1208:
1183:
1168:NP_001136406
1164:NP_001136405
1160:NP_001136401
1137:
1112:
1101:NM_001142934
1097:NM_001142933
1093:NM_001142929
1068:
1049:
1023:
1004:
978:
959:
939:
934:
611:
604:
331:External IDs
278:
86:BRENDA entry
6270:Inhibitors:
6247:Coluracetam
6229:Inhibitors:
6199:Transporter
6139:Inhibitors:
6111:Pralidoxime
6005:Cyclanoline
5955:α-Viniferin
5852:Trichlorfon
5617:Metrifonate
5532:Fosthiazate
5517:Fluorotabun
5392:Dicrotophos
5347:Crotylsarin
5191:Huperzine A
5186:Galantamine
5181:Edrophonium
5114:Neostigmine
5109:Ganstigmine
5075:Propamocarb
5020:Formetanate
5005:Ethienocarb
4985:Carbosulfan
4975:Carbetamide
4970:Carbendazim
4941:Reversible:
4854:Inhibitors:
4529:Active site
4375:Factor XIII
4069:catabolism:
3928:catabolism:
3854:catabolism:
3805:epinephrine
3769:catabolism:
3607:PDB gallery
3338:NeuroReport
2866:: 145–151.
2819:Pathol. Int
2403:. WormBook.
1725:. Isolated
1627:Cholinergic
1568:Felis catus
1412:transferase
1328:cholinergic
1299:transferase
570:32,187,946
557:32,130,160
469:49,667,942
456:49,609,095
309:Identifiers
74:IntEnz view
34:Identifiers
6509:Categories
6434:versutoxin
6430:robustoxin
6304:Inhibitors
6293:modulators
6244:Enhancers:
6205:modulators
6162:Ladostigil
6152:Conodurine
6147:Affinisine
6060:Ungeremine
6035:Phosacetim
5995:Corynoline
5990:Corydaline
5980:Conodurine
5965:Affinisine
5901:Demecarium
5899:; Others:
5812:Tabun (GA)
5802:Soman (GD)
5792:Sarin (GB)
5712:Profenofos
5572:Isoxathion
5557:Guanitoxin
5527:Formothion
5502:Fenamiphos
5432:Disulfoton
5427:Dioxathion
5417:Dimethoate
5387:Dichlorvos
5221:Ladostigil
5211:Ipidacrine
5156:Ambenonium
5151:Acotiamide
5149:; Others:
5122:Phenserine
5099:Distigmine
5090:Thiodicarb
5065:Pirimicarb
5030:Methiocarb
5015:Fenobucarb
4990:Chlorbufam
4980:Carbofuran
4955:Bendiocarb
4936:Inhibitors
4830:modulators
4816:modulators
4809:metabolism
4732:Isomerases
4706:Hydrolases
4573:Regulation
4049:anabolism:
3951:tryptophan
3908:anabolism:
3815:anabolism:
3749:anabolism:
2729:Pediatrics
2643:Pathol Int
1857:, May 2017
1836:, May 2017
1813:References
1737:activity.
1731:Drosophila
1719:C. elegans
1712:Drosophila
1708:C. elegans
1643:muscarinic
1572:Drosophila
1420:Coenzyme A
1383:glycolysis
1337:(CNS) and
1320:acetyl-CoA
854:presynapse
615:(ortholog)
352:HomoloGene
143:structures
110:KEGG entry
57:9012-78-6
6416:agonists:
6400:Enhancers
6273:Vesamicol
6157:Cymserine
6106:Obidoxime
6101:Methoxime
6015:Harmaline
6010:Cymserine
6000:Crimidine
5947:Unsorted:
5842:Triazofos
5782:Ro 3-0433
5777:Ro 3-0422
5772:Ro 3-0419
5767:Ro 3-0417
5762:Ro 3-0412
5757:Ro 3-0411
5752:Ro 3-0397
5747:Ro 3-0352
5742:Ro 3-0351
5737:Ro 3-0347
5732:Ro 3-0346
5727:Ro 3-0340
5717:Prothoate
5687:Phosfolan
5682:Phosalone
5667:Parathion
5652:Omethoate
5622:Mevinphos
5587:Malathion
5577:Leptophos
5482:Endothion
5362:Demephion
5352:Cyanophos
5342:Coumaphos
5312:Cadusafos
5307:Bensulide
5302:BAY-29952
5266:Zanapezil
5226:Minaprine
5206:Huprine Y
5201:Huprine X
5196:Huprine W
5166:Donepezil
5095:Thiofanox
5070:Promecarb
5060:Pinmicarb
5040:Metolcarb
5000:Dimetilan
4960:Bufencarb
4950:Aminocarb
4902:CM-54,903
4813:transport
4611:EC number
3972:Aromatic
3959:melatonin
3955:serotonin
3894:glutamate
3829:Aromatic
3739:histamine
3735:histidine
3726:monoamine
2735:: 101–8.
2358:Brain Res
2046:Fed. Proc
1795:estradiol
1702:Mutations
1655:neocortex
1647:nicotinic
1543:,
1511:,
1450:histidine
1426:Structure
1211:NP_034021
1190:NP_066266
1186:NP_066265
1176:NP_066264
1172:NP_065574
1140:NM_009891
1119:NM_020985
1115:NM_020984
1105:NM_020549
1089:NM_020986
925:Orthologs
839:cytoplasm
360:GeneCards
63:Databases
6520:EC 2.3.1
6456:See also
6440:Crotoxin
6142:Affinine
6075:BW284C51
6030:Lycorine
5960:Affinine
5950:α-Pinene
5928:Onchidal
5847:Tribufos
5827:Terbufos
5797:Schradan
5662:Paraoxon
5582:Malaoxon
5512:Fenthion
5497:Ethoprop
5382:Diazinon
5377:Dialifor
5282:Acephate
5216:Itopride
5161:Caffeine
5085:Propoxur
5035:Methomyl
4965:Carbaryl
4945:Aldicarb
4635:Kinetics
4559:Cofactor
4522:Activity
4227:P300/CBP
4000:arginine
3801:dopamine
3797:tyrosine
3552:10692442
3517:39464614
3509:10369388
3329:42856768
3247:24613238
3137:Genomics
3105:Genomics
3092:23030200
2971:Genomics
2962:28551702
2890:27609645
2847:23621617
2839:10594838
2749:13851666
2714:28937351
2671:23763400
2544:11172068
2485:45897606
2420:Genetics
2300:24196247
2256:44586742
2212:23621617
2204:10594838
2169:15477102
2099:20276121
2058:21066687
1998:13115440
1909:Genomics
1853:–
1832:–
1801:See also
1651:nicotine
1641: –
1614:Function
1562:Homology
1446:hydroxyl
1400:—
1317:coenzyme
1259:Wikidata
904:Sources:
707:habenula
673:appendix
669:duodenum
661:placenta
641:testicle
448:10q11.23
214:proteins
202:articles
190:articles
147:RCSB PDB
6497:Biology
6426:Others:
6378:Others:
6314:SNAP-25
6287:Release
6177:Tacrine
6085:3152 CT
6050:Taspine
5822:Temefos
5722:R-16661
5692:Phosmet
5677:Phorate
5627:Mipafox
5592:Mazidox
5522:Fonofos
5467:EA-4352
5462:EA-3148
5457:EA-2613
5452:EA-2192
5447:EA-2098
5442:EA-2054
5437:EA-2012
5412:Dimefox
5367:Demeton
5261:Tacrine
5256:TL-1238
5176:EA-4056
5171:EA-3990
5080:Propham
5045:Miotine
4745:Ligases
4515:Enzymes
4035:choline
3714:Enzymes
3480:9073174
3451:8479291
3422:8071310
3387:8057782
3358:7682855
3321:7616604
3292:3480542
3239:3183663
3210:3086876
3178:Bibcode
3157:2004764
3127:1840566
3084:1784419
3055:1400357
3020:1388731
2991:1339386
2953:5704989
2919:1337937
2881:5048585
2800:1525252
2792:2990988
2757:8672902
2706:9974153
2663:8808298
2628:9600198
2587:7046051
2567:Bibcode
2559:Science
2512:Bibcode
2450:6698395
2441:1202253
2386:1139292
2378:8137149
2343:4336737
2335:2450285
2292:9751137
2248:8769864
2134:5716187
1931:1840566
1855:Ensembl
1834:Ensembl
1674:Choline
1489:
1360:History
1331:neurons
1324:choline
1297:) is a
1037:UniProt
992:Ensembl
931:Species
910:QuickGO
849:nucleus
844:cytosol
645:putamen
590:pattern
316:Aliases
169:QuickGO
134:profile
117:MetaCyc
52:CAS no.
45:2.3.1.6
6483:Portal
5787:Ronnel
5702:Phoxim
5492:Ethion
5287:Armine
5251:TL-599
5246:T-1194
5241:T-1152
5236:T-1123
5050:Oxamyl
4824:Enzyme
4719:Lyases
4446:HMGCS2
4283:other:
4274:SPTLC2
4269:SPTLC1
4210:HGSNAT
3573:(MeSH)
3550:
3515:
3507:
3478:
3449:
3420:
3385:
3356:
3327:
3319:
3290:
3283:373252
3280:
3245:
3237:
3208:
3201:323670
3198:
3155:
3125:
3090:
3082:
3053:
3018:
2989:
2960:
2950:
2917:
2888:
2878:
2845:
2837:
2798:
2790:
2755:
2747:
2712:
2704:
2669:
2661:
2626:
2585:
2542:
2532:
2483:
2448:
2438:
2384:
2376:
2341:
2333:
2298:
2290:
2254:
2246:
2210:
2202:
2167:
2132:
2097:
2056:
1996:
1929:
1409:acetyl
1385:, and
1343:neuron
1313:acetyl
1302:enzyme
1245:search
1243:PubMed
1070:Q8BQV2
1051:P28329
947:Entrez
761:BioGPS
340:118490
197:PubMed
179:Search
165:AmiGO
153:PDBsum
93:ExPASy
81:BRENDA
69:IntEnz
40:EC no.
6258:VAChT
6080:TMTFA
5642:Naled
5547:GT-45
5537:GD-42
4887:AF64A
4671:Types
4387:2.3.3
4338:2.3.2
4328:ABHD5
4215:ARD1A
4150:2.3.1
3513:S2CID
3325:S2CID
3243:S2CID
3088:S2CID
2843:S2CID
2796:S2CID
2753:S2CID
2710:S2CID
2667:S2CID
2535:29374
2481:S2CID
2382:S2CID
2339:S2CID
2296:S2CID
2252:S2CID
2208:S2CID
1785:Drugs
1746:apnea
980:12647
940:Mouse
935:Human
906:Amigo
637:gonad
613:Mouse
606:Human
553:Start
488:Mouse
452:Start
385:Human
356:40693
348:88392
129:PRIAM
6410:LPHN
6345:VAMP
6127:BChE
5637:MSPI
4923:AChE
4897:BETA
4892:B115
4842:ChAT
4811:and
4763:list
4756:EC7
4750:list
4743:EC6
4737:list
4730:EC5
4724:list
4717:EC4
4711:list
4704:EC3
4698:list
4691:EC2
4685:list
4678:EC1
4257:CPT2
4252:CPT1
4232:NAT2
4143:2.3)
4024:NOS3
4020:NOS2
4016:NOS1
3898:GABA
3670:2fy5
3655:2fy4
3640:2fy3
3625:2fy2
3548:PMID
3505:PMID
3476:PMID
3447:PMID
3418:PMID
3383:PMID
3354:PMID
3317:PMID
3288:PMID
3235:PMID
3206:PMID
3153:PMID
3123:PMID
3080:PMID
3051:PMID
3016:PMID
2987:PMID
2958:PMID
2915:PMID
2886:PMID
2835:PMID
2788:PMID
2745:PMID
2702:PMID
2659:PMID
2624:PMID
2583:PMID
2540:PMID
2446:PMID
2374:PMID
2331:PMID
2288:PMID
2244:PMID
2200:PMID
2165:PMID
2130:PMID
2095:PMID
2054:PMID
1994:PMID
1927:PMID
1777:The
1761:The
1645:and
1550:2FY5
1540:2FY3
1518:2FY5
1508:2FY3
1486:2FY3
1437:2FY2
1407:The
1373:and
1354:gene
1351:CHAT
1291:ChAT
961:1103
596:Bgee
544:Band
505:Chr.
443:Band
402:Chr.
364:CHAT
336:OMIM
323:CHAT
293:2FY5
289:2FY4
285:2FY3
281:2FY2
262:RCSB
259:PDBe
228:CHAT
209:NCBI
150:PDBe
105:KEGG
6217:CHT
5487:EPN
3538:doi
3534:275
3497:doi
3468:doi
3439:doi
3408:doi
3404:269
3375:doi
3346:doi
3309:doi
3278:PMC
3268:doi
3227:doi
3196:PMC
3186:doi
3145:doi
3113:doi
3072:doi
3068:132
3041:doi
3037:267
3008:doi
2979:doi
2948:PMC
2940:doi
2907:doi
2876:PMC
2868:doi
2864:316
2827:doi
2780:doi
2737:doi
2694:doi
2651:doi
2614:doi
2575:doi
2563:217
2530:PMC
2520:doi
2473:doi
2469:137
2436:PMC
2428:doi
2424:106
2366:doi
2362:633
2323:doi
2280:doi
2236:doi
2192:doi
2157:doi
2153:148
2122:doi
2085:doi
2081:165
2025:doi
2021:162
1986:doi
1959:doi
1917:doi
1729:in
1717:In
1546:PDB
1536:PDB
1514:PDB
1504:PDB
1482:PDB
1433:PDB
1416:ATP
1377:on
1322:to
1295:CAT
566:End
465:End
368:OMA
344:MGI
252:PDB
185:PMC
141:PDB
6511::
6432:,
6387:,
6368:,
6364:,
6360:,
6333:,
6329:,
6094::
5920:,
5916:,
5912:,
5897:VX
5892:VR
5887:VS
5882:VP
5877:VM
5872:VG
5867:VE
5552:GV
5542:GH
4340::
4141:EC
4135::
4084:,
4022:,
4018:,
4004:NO
3737:→
3546:.
3532:.
3528:.
3511:.
3503:.
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2015:.
1992:.
1982:12
1980:.
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559:bp
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6372:)
6370:G
6366:F
6362:D
6358:B
6356:(
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6335:E
6331:C
6327:A
6325:(
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