537:(active mainly during the day) and typically solitary by nature, though some antelope may form loose groups of three to five animals, usually one or more adults, possibly accompanied by calves. This elusive antelope feeds on grasses, herbs, shrubs, foliage, flowers and fruits. It needs to drink water frequently; as such it stays in places near water sources. The breeding behaviour of the four-horned antelope has not been well studied. The age at which they reach
1147:
97:
42:
1311:
72:
3124:
1538:
3112:
1133:
1006:, in much the same area where the four-horned antelope occurs today, and may represent the most "primitive" of all living bovids, having changed the least since the origins of the family. The extant and extinct boselaphine forms show similar development of the horn cores (the central bony part of the horn). It is thought that ancestral bovids had a
1742:
1195:
horns, which might be mere fur-covered studs. While the posterior horns each measures 8β12 centimetres (3.1β4.7 in), the anterior ones measure 2β5 centimetres (0.79β1.97 in). Horns emerge at 10 to 14 months. According to Groves, anterior horns show the poorest development in the subspecies
1523:
is gained is doubted; two captive females had their first parturition at less than two years. The breeding season in Panna
National Park probably lasts from May to July, and from June to August in Mudumalai National Park. The male approaches the female in a relaxed gait, giving out low coughs. The
1528:
lasts about eight months, followed by the birth of one or two calves. The newborn has a head-and-body length of 42 to 46 cm (17 to 18 in), and weighs 0.7 to 1.1 kg (1.5 to 2.4 lb). Juveniles are kept concealed for the first few weeks of birth. Births in
Mudumalai National Park
1159:
The four-horned antelope is one of the smallest Asian bovids. The number of its horns distinguishes it from most of the other bovids, that have two horns The four-horned antelope stands 55β64 centimetres (22β25 in) at the shoulder and weighs 17β22 kilograms (37β49 lb); the head-and-body
1268:
The antelope is shy and elusive. When alarmed, it stands motionless and may nervously leap away from the danger or even sprint. It often conceals itself in tall grasses to escape predators. The use of alarm calls to alert others is not common because the antelope tries to avoid the attention of
281:
513:
are currently recognised. The four-horned antelope has a yellowish-tan, sometimes reddish or goldenrod coat. It is slender with thin legs and a short tail. It stands nearly 55β64 cm (22β25 in) at the shoulder and weighs about 17β22 kg (37β49 lb). Its four
981:
2366:
Ropiquet, A.; Hassanin, A.; Pagacova, E.; Gerbault-Seureau, M.; Cernohorska, H.; Kubickova, S.; Bonillo, C.; Rubes, J.; Robinson, T.J. (2010). "A paradox revealed: karyotype evolution in the four-horned antelope occurs by tandem fusion (Mammalia, Bovidae,
1512:
2024:
1264:
at noon. Though solitary by nature, the four-horned antelope may form loose groups of three to five. Groups consist of one or more adults, sometimes accompanied by juveniles. Males and females hardly interact, except in the mating season.
1223:
The four-horned antelope differs greatly from the nilgai in colour, is much smaller and has an extra pair of horns. The nilgai is nearly nine times heavier and two times taller than the four-horned antelope. Two deer species, the
1502:
species, was infrequent. The antelope is wary when feeding, often raising its head and looking about its vicinity. The four-horned antelope needs to drink water frequently; as such it stays in places near water sources.
1285:
sites where piles of their pellet droppings are formed by regular use. Latrine sites can be confused with those of the barking deer but the pellets are longer and larger in four-horned antelopes. Submissive
1167:
Slender with thin legs and a short tail, the four-horned antelope has a yellowish brown to reddish coat. The underparts and the insides of the legs are white. Facial features include black markings on the
763:
listed
Hardwicke as the genus authority by virtue of his being the author of the publication. However, Leach is now identified as the appropriate authority based on Article 50.1.1 of the Zoological Code.
530:
horns, which may even present as merely fur-covered "studs". While the posterior horns measure 8β12 cm (3.1β4.7 in), the anterior ones are usually 2β5 cm (0.79β1.97 in) long.
1726:
8079:
545:
lasts about eight months, following which one or two calves are born. They are kept concealed for the first few weeks of their birth. The young remain with the mother for about a year.
2089:
1524:
two may kneel and push against each other with the necks intertwined. The male makes a few short mounting attempts; the female may be foraging all the while without any reaction.
522:
and distinguish it from most other bovids. The longer pair of straight, spike-like horns is atop its head between the ears, while the other, shorter pair is on the forehead; its
2304:
1619:
forests in India, but the population has declined over time. In 2001, it was estimated to comprise about 10,000 mature individuals, with a decreasing trend. Numbers in
1172:
and behind the ears. A black stripe marks the outer surface of each leg. Females have four teats far back on the abdomen. The hair feels coarse, more like that of a
7969:
7731:
8008:
7796:
3032:
2748:
2150:
1988:
744:
2547:
Badam, G.L.; Behera, P.; Mishra, J. (2001). "Chalcolithic faunal economy at
Khambeswarpally, middle Mahanadi Valley, Orissa: a bioarchaeological perspective".
838:. Boselaphini and Tragelaphini were predicted to be close; this was seconded by a similar study in 1999. The following cladogram is based on the 1992 study:
1608:
are skittish by nature, the chousingha, notably, generally keeps away from human settlements; research suggests that human activities, construction, and
8049:
7943:
7705:
2895:
Karanth, K.U.; Sunquist, M.E. (1992). "Population structure, density and biomass of large herbivores in the tropical forests of
Nagarhole, India".
7982:
7744:
2954:
Krishna, Y.C.; Krishnaswamy, J.; Kumar, N.S. (2008). "Habitat factors affecting site occupancy and relative abundance of four-horned antelope".
1643:. It is threatened by the loss of its natural habitat due to agricultural expansion. Its four-horned skull and the horns have been targetted by
3156:
1623:
were estimated at 256 individuals in 1974; later estimates at waterholes in the same locations put them slightly over 1,000 individuals, and a
3091:
3066:
2709:
2663:
2638:
2577:
2504:
2224:
1924:
2194:"A catalogue of the species of mammalia found in the Southern Mahratta Country; with their synonymes in the native languages in use there"
8074:
1963:
1115:
period (5,000 to 8,000 years ago) have been found in the
Kurnool caves of southern India and similar evidence has been found from the
717:
506:
235:
2983:
Krishna, Y.C.; Clyne, P.J.; Krishnaswamy, J.; Kumar, N.S. (2009). "Distributional and ecological review of the four horned antelope,
1604:
in flat to hilly terrain. It prefers areas close to water that are covered with grasses or heavy undergrowth, for security. As many
3116:
415:
8069:
7770:
996:β the two living antelopes of this tribe, in fact, have been found to have a closer relationship with the earliest bovids (like
2265:
1651:
8000:
7788:
1916:
1718:
1087:
7987:
7749:
2930:
3508:
1612:
all adversely affect chousingha numbers, thus areas of less human habitation support more stable chousingha populations.
4297:
1708:
1290:
consists of shrinking the body, lowering the head and pulling the ears back. Predators of four-horned antelopes include
1269:
predators. However, in extreme cases, these calls may be used to warn predators that they have been identified. Adults
7995:
7904:
7783:
7666:
1686:
560:
in India, the four-horned antelope now occurs in disjunct, fragmented populations, with genetic "bottlenecking" (e.g.
7621:
3128:
1910:
96:
3577:
3149:
966:
269:
8013:
7801:
7648:
1450:. Grasses comprise nearly 29 percent of the diet, followed by foliage from trees (nearly nine percent). Grass and
8064:
8059:
6554:
3499:
3490:
1722:
1674:
1542:
49:
2805:"Spatial niche partitioning in sub-tropical solitary ungulates: Four-Horned Antelope and Barking Deer in Nepal"
1386:
6341:
1208:. The posterior horn lengths for the subspecies recorded by him were: 8β10 centimetres (3.1β3.9 in) for
6990:
6503:
6383:
4279:
3939:
3420:
2772:
Baskaran, N.; Kannan, V.; Thiyagesan, K.; Desai, A.A. (2011). "Behavioural ecology of four-horned antelope (
1678:
1319:
624:
7583:
4041:
3747:
3666:
2680:
944:
713:
605:
569:
495:
395:
7909:
7671:
2739:
732:). The Boselaphini have horns with a keel on the front and lack rings as found in other antelope groups.
8021:
7822:
4446:
3675:
3559:
3142:
3023:
1702:
1668:
1446:
736:
218:
7191:
6221:
1428:
1392:
1380:
1028:
8054:
7930:
7891:
7692:
7630:
7498:
7264:
7255:
7200:
6825:
6789:
6762:
6170:
6161:
3963:
3822:
3765:
3711:
2816:
2313:
2261:"Molecular phylogeny of the tribe Bovini (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): alternative placement of the anoa"
2033:
1698:
1601:
1451:
1037:
752:
195:
1092:
564:) becoming a potential threat to the stability of future populations that do not intermingle during
7444:
7146:
7137:
6885:
6753:
6726:
6662:
6323:
6203:
6152:
3831:
3738:
3329:
1801:
1694:
1690:
1682:
1549:
1464:
1455:
1434:
1374:
1270:
1188:
523:
61:
1318:
The four-horned antelope feeds on grasses, herbs, shrubs, foliage, flowers and fruits. A study in
7531:
7522:
6816:
5941:
5667:
5144:
5135:
4854:
4288:
3756:
3568:
3550:
3429:
3053:
3004:
2956:
2912:
2868:
2396:
2284:
2170:
2106:
1655:
1636:
1624:
1476:
1274:
581:
293:
91:
76:
7827:
7635:
6894:
6834:
6798:
6744:
6717:
6708:
6332:
6314:
6248:
2682:
An illustrated catalogue of the
Asiatic horns and antlers in the collection of the Indian museum
1955:
1949:
8026:
7736:
2496:
7974:
7917:
7809:
7679:
7164:
7155:
6843:
6771:
6699:
6530:
6512:
6365:
5315:
4710:
4701:
4553:
4455:
4234:
4201:
4144:
4014:
3541:
3402:
3087:
3062:
2844:
2705:
2659:
2634:
2573:
2500:
2388:
2220:
2124:
2061:
1959:
1930:
1920:
1852:
1662:
1620:
1560:
in the south. Most of the existing populations lives in India, and lower numbers in adjoining
1287:
1161:
1146:
931:
of the four-horned antelope on the basis of distribution and physical characteristics such as
280:
7814:
7558:
7312:
7303:
7182:
7023:
7014:
6807:
6479:
6470:
6418:
6409:
6257:
6230:
6143:
5923:
5531:
4957:
4948:
4938:
4911:
4632:
4501:
3702:
3693:
3684:
3466:
3457:
3393:
3320:
3311:
2996:
2965:
2904:
2877:
2834:
2824:
2785:
2529:
2488:
2423:
2380:
2321:
2274:
2114:
2098:
2051:
2041:
1997:
1979:
1861:
1796:
1627:
of above 0.7 individuals per 1 km (0.39 sq mi) was considered to be healthy.
1609:
1440:
1278:
748:
706:
671:
565:
557:
339:
7882:
7762:
1519:
Breeding behaviour of the four-horned antelope has not been well studied. The age at which
41:
7288:
7279:
7227:
7218:
6999:
5856:
5847:
5324:
4920:
3972:
3882:
3720:
3532:
3411:
3384:
3375:
2549:
1552:, occurring widely in disjunct and small populations. It ranges from the foothills of the
1520:
1470:
1229:
808:
760:
699:
679:
597:
538:
482:
2594:
2820:
2317:
2279:
2260:
2037:
755:β probably by an editor β as the authority in a footnote at the end of the publication.
7488:
7426:
7056:
7047:
6572:
6521:
6442:
6433:
6374:
6212:
5914:
5736:
5727:
5282:
5249:
5231:
4719:
4529:
4404:
4243:
3231:
3203:
2839:
2804:
2414:
Benefit, B.R.; Pickford, M. (April 1986). "Miocene fossil cercopithecoids from Kenya".
2119:
2080:
2001:
1747:
1644:
1581:
1565:
1557:
1482:
1459:
1398:
1282:
1225:
1067:
756:
687:
655:
612:
577:
515:
419:
2056:
2019:
8043:
7757:
7113:
7095:
6981:
6918:
6909:
5968:
5703:
5676:
5447:
5357:
5348:
5333:
5198:
5162:
5117:
5054:
5045:
4562:
4520:
4413:
4379:
4369:
4270:
4252:
3915:
3864:
3774:
3338:
3061:(Sixth ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 1147.
2969:
2686:
2489:
2466:"Late Miocene Boselaphini (Bovidae, Artiodactyla) from Fugu, Shaanxi Province, China"
2465:
2442:
1906:
1787:
1778:
1640:
1422:
1232:, can be confused with this antelope. The four-horned antelope, however, lacks their
1042:
1022:
932:
585:
474:
466:
81:
3008:
2916:
2288:
2193:
1537:
1310:
7922:
7896:
7684:
7507:
7476:
7366:
7038:
6852:
6780:
6653:
6596:
6587:
6305:
6239:
6001:
5959:
5874:
5685:
5405:
5396:
5258:
5189:
5078:
5069:
4811:
4580:
4261:
4216:
4183:
3954:
3846:
3813:
3729:
2443:"The Bovidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the late Miocene of AkkasΒΈdagΛi, Turkey"
2400:
2145:
1597:
1569:
1529:
peak from
February to April. Juveniles remain with their mothers for about a year.
1116:
1101:
1097:
980:
924:
877:
780:
768:
568:. The four-horned antelope is threatened by the loss of its natural habitat due to
375:
2533:
1187:
One pair of horns is located between the ears, and the other on the forehead. The
548:
Four-horned antelopes tend to inhabit areas with significant grass cover or heavy
7867:
2829:
2789:
2520:
Murty, M.L.K. (2010). "Ethnoarchaeology of the
Kurnool cave areas, South India".
2325:
7956:
7876:
7840:
7775:
7718:
7615:
7128:
6876:
6038:
5992:
5983:
5932:
5884:
5745:
5587:
5180:
5171:
4999:
4793:
4784:
4774:
4668:
4511:
4321:
4312:
4225:
4068:
3990:
3873:
3798:
3789:
3166:
2572:(6th ed.). Massachusetts, USA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 353.
2302:
Bibi, F. (2007). "Origin, paleoecology, and paleobiogeography of early Bovini".
1712:
1593:
1585:
1404:
1350:
1261:
1054:
892:
834:
828:
721:
549:
470:
178:
148:
3123:
2025:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1132:
1032:
dating back to the late Miocene have been discovered in the Ngorora formation (
6735:
6635:
6460:
6052:
5474:
5456:
5207:
4902:
4887:
4878:
4845:
4622:
4428:
4345:
4336:
4111:
4102:
3981:
3906:
3447:
3268:
3134:
2908:
2881:
2384:
1737:
1410:
1368:
1327:
1323:
1253:
1112:
1048:
1010:
1003:
928:
561:
534:
510:
7606:
2702:
Bovids of the World: Antelopes, Gazelles, Cattle, Goats, Sheep, and Relatives
1658:. Major protected areas in India where four-horned antelopes occur include:
1314:
Four-horned antelope prefer habitats with dense undergrowth and tall grasses.
7435:
7356:
7209:
7080:
7071:
6545:
6119:
6110:
6095:
6086:
5950:
5522:
5306:
5240:
5126:
4641:
4437:
4126:
4050:
3930:
3481:
3366:
3356:
3250:
3241:
2427:
2347:
with the Miocene Boselaphini (Mammalia, Bovidae) based on horn morphology".
2018:
Allard, M.W.; Miyamoto, M.M.; Jarecki, L.; Kraus, F.; Tennant, M.R. (1992).
1934:
1616:
1589:
1577:
1553:
1525:
1511:
1499:
1416:
1344:
1257:
1066:
has been reported from the continent), but have significant presence in the
992:
evidence supports its presence in the continent during as early as the late
822:
747:. The name was first published in an 1825 publication by English naturalist
542:
108:
7402:
2848:
2491:
Ardipithecus Kadabba: Late Miocene Evidence from the Middle Awash, Ethiopia
2392:
2128:
2102:
2046:
720:
in 1816. The four-horned antelope has only one other relative in the tribe
3111:
3000:
2065:
17:
7861:
7658:
7600:
7344:
6972:
6644:
6356:
6194:
6134:
5799:
5498:
5030:
4975:
4863:
4692:
4168:
4159:
4135:
4023:
3897:
3647:
3523:
3219:
3197:
3185:
2862:
Biswas, S.; Sankar, K. (2002). "Prey abundance and food habit of tigers (
1605:
1332:
1237:
1192:
1177:
1075:
1007:
998:
527:
519:
462:
128:
1160:
length is typically between 80 and 110 centimetres (31 and 43 in).
1036:). Fossils from the same period have also been excavated in the eastern
7948:
7710:
7549:
7384:
7245:
7104:
6494:
6281:
6272:
6185:
6071:
6062:
6034:
5790:
5694:
5658:
5573:
5569:
5540:
5465:
5153:
5026:
4987:
4571:
4488:
4394:
3657:
3607:
3302:
1573:
1356:
1338:
1295:
1241:
1181:
993:
818:
785:
709:
642:"horn". The four-horned antelope is known by several vernacular names:
503:
459:
168:
158:
1326:, India) showed that the antelope prefers grass species of the family
1244:, can be told apart by its light brown coat and larger, ringed horns.
1002:
species) than do the other bovids. This tribe originated at least 8.9
7961:
7723:
7643:
7393:
6962:
6867:
6690:
6680:
6296:
5808:
5648:
5630:
5621:
5507:
5429:
5381:
5372:
4830:
4821:
4756:
4747:
4737:
4659:
4192:
4005:
3855:
3191:
3179:
2217:
The Hunters or the Hunted?: An Introduction to African Cave Taphonomy
2110:
1650:
The four-horned antelope is protected under Schedule I of the Indian
1495:
1491:
1487:
1362:
1233:
1108:
989:
855:
776:
725:
138:
118:
7577:
1983:
1200:. These horns measure nearly 4.5β5 centimetres (1.8β2.0 in) in
1281:, that soon condenses to form a white film. They maintain multiple
7835:
7417:
7375:
6950:
6620:
6611:
5905:
5832:
5823:
5754:
5483:
5438:
5297:
5222:
5102:
5093:
4604:
4595:
4087:
4078:
3287:
3278:
1866:
1843:
1741:
1561:
1536:
1510:
1490:
flowers were frequently eaten. The antelope often associates with
1309:
1299:
1291:
1169:
1071:
1033:
979:
813:
800:
772:
631:
573:
486:
478:
53:
2776:
de Blainville, 1816) in the tropical forests of southern India".
2603:
ENVIS Bulletin (Wildlife and Protected Areas): Ungulates of India
2020:"DNA systematics and evolution of the artiodactyl family Bovidae"
1912:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
541:
and the season when mating occurs have not been understood well.
7697:
6563:
5893:
5781:
5763:
5420:
5273:
4677:
4544:
4360:
3634:
3595:
1426:. The four-horned antelope feeds on the leaves of trees such as
1173:
499:
7935:
7581:
7473:
7341:
6947:
6030:
5565:
5022:
4484:
3630:
3216:
3138:
2631:
Large Game Shooting in Tibet, the Himalayas, and Northern India
7173:
5772:
5718:
4650:
4032:
2704:. Princeton, USA: Princeton University Press. pp. 118β9.
1017:
to 38 through a process of concatenation of some chromosomes.
791:
553:
2148:(2003). "Taxonomy of ungulates of the Indian subcontinent".
743:
is variously indicated according to interpretations of the
1984:"XXIII. Descriptions of two species of antelope from India"
2740:"Natural history observations of the four-horned antelope
2495:. Berkeley, USA: University of California Press. pp.
2219:. Chicago, USA: University of Chicago Press. p. 167.
1454:
were consumed in nearly equal proportions. A study in the
1256:(active mainly during the day), though it mainly rests or
1040:. Other Miocene fossils of boselaphines discovered are of
1204:, and nearly 1.5β2.5 centimetres (0.59β0.98 in) in
988:
Though Boselaphini has no African representation today,
2090:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
2085:) in the context of the molecular phylogeny of Bovidae"
1727:
Rangayyanadurga Fourβhorned antelope Wildlife Sanctuary
1164:
is not very notable, though only males possess horns.
2240:
Pilgrim, G.E. (1939). "The fossil Bovidae of India".
3086:. Pennsylvania, USA: RoseDog Books. pp. 17β29.
2633:. Calcutta (Kolkata), India: Thacker, Spink and Co.
2629:
Kinloch, A.A.A. (1885). "The four-horned antelope".
2568:
Vaughan, T.A.; Ryan, J.M.; Czaplewski, N.J. (2015).
1615:
The four-horned antelope was once common throughout
1086:
to eastern Asia around 8 Mya. Alan W. Gentry of the
7851:
7590:
7548:
7520:
7496:
7487:
7415:
7364:
7355:
7301:
7277:
7253:
7244:
7126:
7093:
7069:
7036:
7012:
6970:
6961:
6907:
6865:
6688:
6679:
6633:
6609:
6585:
6543:
6492:
6468:
6459:
6431:
6407:
6400:
6354:
6294:
6270:
6183:
6132:
6108:
6084:
6060:
6051:
5981:
5882:
5873:
5845:
5821:
5716:
5656:
5647:
5619:
5595:
5586:
5520:
5496:
5418:
5394:
5370:
5346:
5295:
5271:
5220:
5115:
5091:
5067:
5043:
4998:
4986:
4974:
4946:
4937:
4900:
4876:
4843:
4819:
4810:
4782:
4773:
4745:
4736:
4690:
4630:
4621:
4593:
4542:
4509:
4500:
4426:
4392:
4358:
4334:
4310:
4214:
4181:
4157:
4124:
4100:
4076:
4067:
4003:
3952:
3928:
3895:
3844:
3811:
3787:
3655:
3646:
3606:
3594:
3521:
3479:
3455:
3446:
3364:
3355:
3300:
3276:
3267:
3239:
3230:
2738:Sharma, K.; Rahmani, A.R.; Chundawat, R.S. (2009).
2487:WoldeGabriel, G. (2009). Haile-Selassie, Y. (ed.).
1564:. Observations have been logged from the states of
1119:period (3,000 years ago) in Orissa, eastern India.
971:
distributed in the Western Ghats and southern India
698:The four-horned antelope is the sole member of the
3052:
2866:) in Pench National Park, Madhya Pradesh, India".
2778:Mammalian Biology β Zeitschrift fΓΌr SΓ€ugetierkunde
1892:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
27:Small antelope from Asia (Tetracerus quadricornis)
2305:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
2081:"Evolutionary affinities of the enigmatic saola (
1082:species. A 2005 study suggested the migration of
552:, and avoid human settlements or the presence of
8080:Taxa named by Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville
2339:Solounias, N. (1990). "A new hypothesis uniting
2803:Pokharel, K.P.; Ludwig, T.; Storch, I. (2015).
576:and its horns it was historically a target for
2949:
2947:
2259:Pitra, C.; Furbass, R.; Seyfert, H.M. (1997).
1802:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T21661A50195368.en
1090:reported the presence of another boselaphine,
3150:
3033:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
2749:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
2151:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1989:Transactions of the Linnean Society of London
1954:. Chennai: Oxford University Press. pp.
1402:is frequently eaten. Preferred herbs include
1216:and 1.8β2 centimetres (0.71β0.79 in) in
745:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
8:
1548:The four-horned antelope is confined to the
2767:
2765:
2763:
1777:IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017).
1212:, 6.5β7.5 centimetres (2.6β3.0 in) in
935:colour, body size and the number of horns:
7578:
7493:
7484:
7470:
7361:
7352:
7338:
7250:
6967:
6958:
6944:
6685:
6465:
6404:
6057:
6048:
6027:
5879:
5653:
5592:
5583:
5562:
5040:
5019:
4943:
4816:
4779:
4742:
4627:
4506:
4497:
4481:
4073:
3652:
3643:
3627:
3452:
3361:
3273:
3236:
3227:
3213:
3157:
3143:
3135:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2658:. New York, USA: Sterling. pp. 10β1.
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2616:
1635:The four-horned antelope is classified as
1498:frequently do. Interaction with chital, a
949:: distributed north of the Ganges in Nepal
279:
70:
40:
31:
2838:
2828:
2416:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
2278:
2242:Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India
2118:
2055:
2045:
1865:
1800:
2198:Madras Journal of Literature and Science
2140:
2138:
2013:
2011:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1111:hunting four-horned antelope during the
2171:"On the four-horned antelopes of India"
1760:
1654:; the population in Nepal is listed in
826:. Tragelaphini consists of two genera:
771:study showed a strong possibility of a
306:
2079:Hassanin, A.; Douzery, E.J.P. (1999).
1901:
1899:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
288:Range map of the four-horned antelope
2595:"Four-horned antelope or chowsingha (
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
477:, along with a smaller population in
7:
3024:"The status of four-horned antelope
2280:10.1046/j.1420-9101.1997.10040589.x
2175:Calcutta Journal of Natural History
1890:The Composition of Scientific Words
1788:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1515:illustration of the head from 1903.
870:
848:
841:
666:(mainly in central India) (Hindi);
2593:Sharma, K.; Rahmani, A.R. (2004).
2002:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1823.tb00099.x
1013:number of 58 which has reduced in
718:Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville
507:Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville
25:
1842:Leslie, D.M.; Sharma, K. (2009).
1541:Male four-horned antelope in the
1191:horns are always longer than the
1062:are not apparent in Africa (only
984:Skull of the four-horned antelope
958:: distributed in peninsular India
526:horns are always longer than the
430:(Saint-Hillaire and Cuvier, 1832)
358:(Saint-Hillaire and Cuvier, 1832)
8050:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
3122:
3110:
2970:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00470.x
1740:
1176:than the glossy hair typical of
1145:
1131:
783:. Bovini consists of the genera
751:but cited the English zoologist
95:
3509:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (
3084:Vanishing Roar of Bengal Tigers
2266:Journal of Evolutionary Biology
1652:Wildlife Protection Act of 1972
1462:, India) showed preference for
1277:with a colourless secretion of
1184:are marked with white patches.
600:of the four-horned antelope is
4298:Central American red brocket (
1917:Johns Hopkins University Press
1909:; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005).
1719:Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary
1494:under fruiting trees, just as
556:. Once more common throughout
1:
3059:Walker's Mammals of the World
2534:10.1080/00438243.1985.9979962
1888:Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956).
580:. It is presently listed as "
572:. Because of its four-horned
5005:Large subfamily listed below
4993:Large subfamily listed below
4981:Large subfamily listed below
2931:"Observations β’ iNaturalist"
2830:10.1371/journal.pone.0117917
2790:10.1016/j.mambio.2011.06.010
2326:10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.11.009
1600:database. It inhabits open,
1252:The four-horned antelope is
533:The four-horned antelope is
3500:Yellow-striped chevrotain (
3491:Indian spotted chevrotain (
2897:Journal of Tropical Ecology
1687:Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve
775:consisting of Boselaphini,
494:, the chousingha was first
8096:
2441:Kostopoulus, D.S. (2005).
1951:The book of Indian animals
705:, and is placed under the
611:is the combination of two
8075:Mammals described in 1816
7483:
7469:
7436:Dromedary/Arabian camel (
7427:Domestic Bactrian camel (
7351:
7337:
6991:North Sulawesi babirusa (
6957:
6943:
6047:
6026:
5582:
5561:
5039:
5018:
4496:
4480:
4280:Amazonian brown brocket (
3642:
3626:
3613:Large family listed below
3601:Large family listed below
3578:Williamson's mouse-deer (
3226:
3212:
3174:
2909:10.1017/S0266467400006040
2882:10.1017/S0952836902000456
2385:10.1007/s10577-010-9115-1
1723:Ranthambore National Park
1675:Bandhavgarh National Park
1543:Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
1387:Pseudanthistria umbellata
890:
875:
868:
853:
846:
299:
292:
287:
278:
248:
243:
224:
217:
92:Scientific classification
90:
68:
59:
50:Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary
48:
39:
34:
5677:Domestic water buffalo (
4042:Central Asian red deer (
3667:Bornean yellow muntjac (
2349:Annales Musei Goulandris
1848:(Artiodactyla: Bovidae)"
1631:Threats and conservation
1533:Distribution and habitat
927:(2003) recognizes three
712:. The species was first
8070:Fauna of Madhya Pradesh
7649:tetracerus-quadricornis
7636:Tetracerus_quadricornis
7622:Tetracerus quadricornis
7592:Tetracerus quadricornis
6555:Bates' pygmy antelope (
6342:Soemmerring's gazelle (
4447:Yucatan brown brocket (
3676:Hairy-fronted muntjac (
3560:Philippine mouse-deer (
3129:Tetracerus quadricornis
3117:Tetracerus quadricornis
3026:Tetracerus quadricornis
2985:Tetracerus quadricornis
2774:Tetracerus quadricornis
2742:Tetracerus quadricornis
2700:CastellΓ³, J.R. (2016).
2654:Carwardine, M. (2008).
2597:Tetracerus quadricornis
2428:10.1002/ajpa.1330690404
2369:Tetracerus quadricornis
2083:Pseudoryx nghetinhensis
1846:Tetracerus quadricornis
1781:Tetracerus quadricornis
1679:Bori Wildlife Sanctuary
1320:Mudumalai National Park
1218:T. q. subquadricornutus
1198:T. q. subquadricornutus
1023:Protragocerus labidotus
962:T. q. subquadricornutus
730:Boselaphus tragocamelus
602:Tetracerus quadricornis
449:Tetracerus quadricornis
327:Cerophorus quadricornis
265:T. q. subquadricornutus
228:Tetracerus quadricornis
7265:White-lipped peccary (
7201:Philippine warty pig (
6826:Yellow-backed duiker (
6790:Black-fronted duiker (
6763:White-bellied duiker (
6384:Przewalski's gazelle (
5607:Four-horned antelope (
4405:Peruvian Yungas pudu (
3964:Visayan spotted deer (
3823:European fallow deer (
3766:Northern red muntjac (
3712:Southern red muntjac (
3082:Belsare, D.K. (2011).
3054:"Four-horned antelope"
2864:Panthera tigris tigris
2470:Vertebrata PalAsiatica
2169:Hodgson, B.H. (1847).
2103:10.1098/rspb.1999.0720
2047:10.1073/pnas.89.9.3972
1709:Tadoba Andhari Reserve
1545:
1516:
1315:
1088:Natural History Museum
985:
694:Taxonomy and phylogeny
570:agricultural expansion
8022:Paleobiology Database
7823:Paleobiology Database
7445:Wild Bactrian camel (
7147:Bornean bearded pig (
7138:Palawan bearded pig (
6727:White-legged duiker (
6153:Red-fronted gazelle (
3832:Persian fallow deer (
3748:Roosevelt's muntjac (
3421:Himalayan musk deer (
3330:Reticulated giraffe (
3051:Nowak, R. M. (1999).
3001:10.1515/MAMM.2009.003
1948:Prater, S.H. (1980).
1795:: e.T21661A50195368.
1703:Satpura National Park
1669:Sariska Tiger Reserve
1602:dry deciduous forests
1540:
1514:
1313:
1248:Ecology and behaviour
983:
956:(de Blainville, 1816)
350:(de Blainville, 1816)
330:(J. B. Fischer, 1829)
314:(J. B. Fischer, 1829)
35:Four-horned antelope
7532:Pygmy hippopotamus (
7192:Oliver's warty pig (
6817:Red-flanked duiker (
6222:Erlanger's gazelle (
5942:Harnessed bushbuck (
5668:Wild water buffalo (
5145:East Caucasian tur (
5136:West Caucasian tur (
4289:Little red brocket (
3757:Truong Son muntjac (
3569:Vietnam mouse-deer (
3551:Greater mouse-deer (
3430:Siberian musk deer (
3119:at Wikimedia Commons
2679:Bentham, T. (1908).
2215:Brain, C.K. (1981).
1699:Sanjay National Park
1556:in the north to the
1273:vegetation in their
1038:Mediterranean region
753:William Elford Leach
716:by French zoologist
630:is derived from two
623:meaning "horn". The
619:meaning "four" and
444:four-horned antelope
363:Grimmia quadricornis
210:T. quadricornis
7165:Celebes warty pig (
7156:Visayan warty pig (
6772:Red forest duiker (
6504:GΓΌnther's dik-dik (
6366:Mongolian gazelle (
6171:Heuglin's gazelle (
6162:Thomson's gazelle (
5316:Long-tailed goral (
4711:Mountain reedbuck (
4702:Southern reedbuck (
4554:East African oryx (
4456:White-tailed deer (
4235:Small red brocket (
4202:South Andean deer (
4145:Siberian roe deer (
4136:European roe deer (
3973:Philippine sambar (
3940:Père David's deer (
3542:Lesser mouse-deer (
3403:Kashmir musk deer (
3022:Rice, C.G. (1991).
2821:2015PLoSO..1017917P
2373:Chromosome Research
2318:2007PPP...248...60B
2192:Elliot, W. (1839).
2038:1992PNAS...89.3972A
1705:in Madhya Pradesh;
1695:Pench Tiger Reserve
1691:Panna Tiger Reserve
1683:Kanha National Park
1550:Indian subcontinent
1465:Zizyphus mauritiana
1456:Panna National Park
1435:Emblica officinalis
1375:Imperata cylindrica
658:for "four horns"),
638:meaning "four" and
383:Tetracerus chickara
371:Tetraceros chickera
335:Cervicapra chickara
261:(Blainville, 1816)
62:Conservation status
7313:Collared peccary (
7183:Flores warty pig (
7024:Giant forest hog (
6886:Maxwell's duiker (
6808:Ruwenzori duiker (
6754:Jentink's duiker (
6663:Sharpe's grysbok (
6419:Tibetan antelope (
6324:Bright's gazelle (
6258:Goitered gazelle (
6231:Mountain gazelle (
6204:Cuvier's gazelle (
6144:Mongalla gazelle (
5532:Pyrenean chamois (
4958:Tibetan antelope (
4912:Black wildebeest (
3739:Reeves's muntjac (
3703:Sumatran muntjac (
3694:Gongshan muntjac (
3467:Water chevrotain (
3394:Alpine musk deer (
3321:Southern giraffe (
3312:Northern giraffe (
2957:Journal of Zoology
2869:Journal of Zoology
2685:. Kolkata, India:
2464:Zhang, Z. (2005).
1656:CITES Appendix III
1625:population density
1546:
1517:
1447:Zizyphus xylopyrus
1372:; and the species
1316:
1210:T. q. quadricornis
1202:T. q. quadricornis
1107:Evidence of early
986:
953:T. q. quadricornis
366:(Laurillard, 1839)
258:T. q. quadricornis
8037:
8036:
7810:Open Tree of Life
7584:Taxon identifiers
7575:
7574:
7571:
7570:
7567:
7566:
7544:
7543:
7465:
7464:
7461:
7460:
7457:
7456:
7333:
7332:
7329:
7328:
7325:
7324:
7289:Chacoan peccary (
7240:
7239:
7228:Javan warty pig (
7219:Timor warty pig (
7026:H. meinertzhageni
7000:Togian babirusa (
6939:
6938:
6935:
6934:
6931:
6930:
6895:Walter's duiker (
6835:Abbott's duiker (
6799:Ogilby's duiker (
6745:Harvey's duiker (
6709:Brooke's duiker (
6675:
6674:
6455:
6454:
6396:
6395:
6333:Peter's gazelle (
6315:Grant's gazelle (
6249:Speke's gazelle (
6022:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6014:
6013:
5899:
5869:
5868:
5857:African buffalo (
5688:B. depressicornis
5643:
5642:
5557:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5325:Himalayan goral (
5147:C. cylindricornis
5014:
5013:
5010:
5009:
4970:
4969:
4933:
4932:
4921:Blue wildebeest (
4855:Common tsessebe (
4806:
4805:
4769:
4768:
4732:
4731:
4644:K. ellipsiprymnus
4617:
4616:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4416:P. mephistophiles
4372:P. mephistophiles
4063:
4062:
3759:M. truongsonensis
3721:Pu Hoat muntjac (
3622:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3590:
3589:
3533:Java mouse-deer (
3442:
3441:
3412:Black musk deer (
3385:Dwarf musk deer (
3376:Anhui musk deer (
3351:
3350:
3314:G. camelopardalis
3263:
3262:
3115:Media related to
3093:978-1-4349-8509-5
3068:978-0-8018-5789-8
2711:978-1-4008-8065-2
2665:978-1-4027-5623-8
2640:978-1-295-81380-3
2599:Blainville, 1816"
2579:978-1-284-03209-3
2522:World Archaeology
2506:978-0-520-25440-4
2226:978-0-226-07089-6
2097:(1422): 893β900.
1926:978-0-8018-8221-0
1853:Mammalian Species
1663:Gir National Park
1621:Gir National Park
1279:preorbital glands
1162:Sexual dimorphism
970:
957:
948:
921:
920:
912:
911:
903:
902:
558:deciduous forests
518:are unique among
509:. Three regional
440:
439:
431:
423:
407:
399:
387:
379:
367:
359:
351:
343:
331:
323:
322:(Desmarest, 1816)
315:
311:Antilope chickara
273:
262:
255:
199:
85:
16:(Redirected from
8087:
8065:Mammals of Nepal
8060:Mammals of India
8030:
8029:
8017:
8016:
8004:
8003:
7991:
7990:
7978:
7977:
7965:
7964:
7952:
7951:
7939:
7938:
7926:
7925:
7913:
7912:
7900:
7899:
7887:
7886:
7885:
7872:
7871:
7870:
7844:
7843:
7831:
7830:
7818:
7817:
7805:
7804:
7792:
7791:
7779:
7778:
7766:
7765:
7753:
7752:
7740:
7739:
7727:
7726:
7714:
7713:
7701:
7700:
7688:
7687:
7675:
7674:
7662:
7661:
7652:
7651:
7639:
7638:
7626:
7625:
7624:
7611:
7610:
7609:
7579:
7494:
7485:
7471:
7362:
7353:
7339:
7251:
7057:Common warthog (
7048:Desert warthog (
6968:
6959:
6945:
6844:Weyns's duiker (
6718:Peters' duiker (
6700:Aders's duiker (
6686:
6573:Royal antelope (
6531:Salt's dik-dik (
6522:Silver dik-dik (
6513:Kirk's dik-dik (
6466:
6443:Saiga antelope (
6405:
6344:N. soemmerringii
6213:Dorcas gazelle (
6058:
6049:
6042:
6028:
5915:Mountain nyala (
5898:
5897:
5889:
5880:
5835:P. nghetinhensis
5737:European bison (
5728:American bison (
5654:
5593:
5584:
5577:
5563:
5439:Domestic sheep (
5283:Himalayan tahr (
5250:Mainland serow (
5232:Japanese serow (
5041:
5034:
5020:
4944:
4817:
4780:
4743:
4720:Bohor reedbuck (
4628:
4607:A. nasomaculatus
4530:Sable antelope (
4507:
4498:
4491:
4482:
4244:Merida brocket (
4074:
4015:Thorold's deer (
3867:A. calamianensis
3750:M. rooseveltorum
3696:M. gongshanensis
3653:
3644:
3637:
3628:
3453:
3362:
3341:G. tippelskirchi
3274:
3237:
3228:
3214:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3136:
3127:Data related to
3126:
3114:
3098:
3097:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3056:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3019:
3013:
3012:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2951:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2842:
2832:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2769:
2758:
2757:
2735:
2716:
2715:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2689:. pp. 46β7.
2676:
2670:
2669:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2626:
2611:
2610:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2494:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2282:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2122:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2059:
2049:
2015:
2006:
2005:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1915:(3rd ed.).
1903:
1894:
1893:
1885:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1839:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1804:
1774:
1750:
1745:
1744:
1441:Randia dumetorum
1429:Cordia wallichii
1393:Themeda cymbaria
1381:Ottochloa nodosa
1149:
1135:
1078:, as do several
1029:Sivoreas eremita
964:
955:
942:
871:
849:
842:
749:Thomas Hardwicke
684:nari komboo marn
429:
413:
411:T. striaticornis
405:
393:
385:
373:
365:
357:
349:
337:
329:
321:
313:
283:
267:
260:
253:
230:
194:
100:
99:
79:
74:
73:
44:
32:
21:
8095:
8094:
8090:
8089:
8088:
8086:
8085:
8084:
8040:
8039:
8038:
8033:
8025:
8020:
8012:
8007:
7999:
7994:
7986:
7981:
7973:
7968:
7960:
7955:
7947:
7942:
7934:
7929:
7921:
7916:
7908:
7903:
7895:
7890:
7881:
7880:
7875:
7866:
7865:
7860:
7847:
7839:
7834:
7826:
7821:
7813:
7808:
7800:
7795:
7787:
7782:
7774:
7769:
7761:
7756:
7748:
7743:
7735:
7730:
7722:
7717:
7709:
7704:
7696:
7691:
7683:
7678:
7670:
7665:
7657:
7655:
7647:
7642:
7634:
7629:
7620:
7619:
7614:
7605:
7604:
7599:
7586:
7576:
7563:
7540:
7516:
7479:
7453:
7411:
7347:
7321:
7297:
7273:
7236:
7203:S. philippensis
7140:S. ahoenobarbus
7122:
7114:Red river hog (
7089:
7065:
7032:
7008:
6982:Buru babirusa (
6953:
6927:
6919:Common duiker (
6903:
6861:
6671:
6629:
6605:
6581:
6539:
6488:
6451:
6427:
6392:
6377:P. picticaudata
6350:
6290:
6266:
6260:G. subgutturosa
6179:
6128:
6104:
6080:
6043:
6032:
6010:
5977:
5969:Cape bushbuck (
5962:T. strepsiceros
5891:
5890:
5888:
5865:
5841:
5817:
5712:
5704:Mountain anoa (
5639:
5633:B. tragocamelus
5615:
5609:T. quadricornis
5578:
5567:
5549:
5516:
5492:
5448:Bighorn sheep (
5414:
5390:
5366:
5358:Mountain goat (
5342:
5334:Chinese goral (
5291:
5267:
5252:C. sumatraensis
5216:
5199:Siberian ibex (
5163:Domestic goat (
5111:
5087:
5063:
5055:Barbary sheep (
5035:
5024:
5006:
4994:
4982:
4966:
4929:
4896:
4872:
4839:
4802:
4765:
4728:
4686:
4613:
4589:
4563:Scimitar oryx (
4538:
4521:Roan antelope (
4492:
4486:
4464:
4422:
4414:Northern pudu (
4388:
4380:Southern pudu (
4370:Northern pudu (
4354:
4330:
4306:
4271:Pygmy brocket (
4253:Dwarf brocket (
4210:
4177:
4153:
4120:
4096:
4059:
3999:
3948:
3924:
3891:
3865:Calamian deer (
3840:
3834:D. mesopotamica
3807:
3783:
3777:M. vuquangensis
3775:Giant muntjac (
3685:Fea's muntjac (
3638:
3632:
3614:
3602:
3586:
3517:
3475:
3438:
3396:M. chrysogaster
3347:
3339:Masai giraffe (
3296:
3259:
3222:
3208:
3170:
3163:
3107:
3102:
3101:
3094:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3069:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3021:
3020:
3016:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2953:
2952:
2945:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2815:(2): e0117917.
2802:
2801:
2797:
2771:
2770:
2761:
2737:
2736:
2719:
2712:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2666:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2628:
2627:
2614:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2580:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2550:Current Science
2546:
2545:
2541:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2507:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2017:
2016:
2009:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1927:
1919:. p. 697.
1905:
1904:
1897:
1887:
1886:
1875:
1841:
1840:
1817:
1807:
1805:
1776:
1775:
1762:
1757:
1746:
1739:
1736:
1633:
1594:iNaturalist.org
1535:
1521:sexual maturity
1509:
1471:Acacia nilotica
1308:
1250:
1230:Indian hog deer
1157:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1125:
978:
922:
913:
904:
809:African buffalo
761:Oldfield Thomas
696:
598:scientific name
594:
539:sexual maturity
452:), also called
436:
406:(Jardine, 1836)
403:T. quadricornes
386:(Jardine, 1836)
347:C. quadricornis
319:A. quadricornis
305:
304:
263:
256:
254:(Hodgson, 1847)
239:
232:
226:
213:
193:
94:
86:
75:
71:
64:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8093:
8091:
8083:
8082:
8077:
8072:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8052:
8042:
8041:
8035:
8034:
8032:
8031:
8018:
8005:
7992:
7979:
7966:
7953:
7940:
7927:
7914:
7901:
7888:
7873:
7857:
7855:
7849:
7848:
7846:
7845:
7832:
7819:
7806:
7793:
7780:
7767:
7754:
7741:
7728:
7715:
7702:
7689:
7676:
7663:
7653:
7640:
7627:
7612:
7596:
7594:
7588:
7587:
7582:
7573:
7572:
7569:
7568:
7565:
7564:
7562:
7561:
7554:
7552:
7546:
7545:
7542:
7541:
7539:
7538:
7534:C. liberiensis
7528:
7526:
7518:
7517:
7515:
7514:
7508:Hippopotamus (
7504:
7502:
7491:
7489:Hippopotamidae
7481:
7480:
7474:
7467:
7466:
7463:
7462:
7459:
7458:
7455:
7454:
7452:
7451:
7442:
7438:C. dromedarius
7433:
7423:
7421:
7413:
7412:
7410:
7409:
7400:
7391:
7382:
7372:
7370:
7359:
7349:
7348:
7342:
7335:
7334:
7331:
7330:
7327:
7326:
7323:
7322:
7320:
7319:
7309:
7307:
7299:
7298:
7296:
7295:
7285:
7283:
7275:
7274:
7272:
7271:
7261:
7259:
7248:
7242:
7241:
7238:
7237:
7235:
7234:
7225:
7221:S. timoriensis
7216:
7207:
7198:
7189:
7180:
7174:Domestic pig (
7171:
7162:
7153:
7144:
7134:
7132:
7124:
7123:
7121:
7120:
7111:
7101:
7099:
7091:
7090:
7088:
7087:
7077:
7075:
7067:
7066:
7064:
7063:
7054:
7050:P. aethiopicus
7044:
7042:
7034:
7033:
7031:
7030:
7020:
7018:
7010:
7009:
7007:
7006:
7002:B. togeanensis
6997:
6988:
6978:
6976:
6965:
6955:
6954:
6948:
6941:
6940:
6937:
6936:
6933:
6932:
6929:
6928:
6926:
6925:
6915:
6913:
6905:
6904:
6902:
6901:
6892:
6883:
6873:
6871:
6863:
6862:
6860:
6859:
6853:Zebra duiker (
6850:
6841:
6832:
6828:C. silvicultor
6823:
6814:
6805:
6796:
6787:
6781:Black duiker (
6778:
6769:
6765:C. leucogaster
6760:
6751:
6742:
6733:
6724:
6715:
6706:
6696:
6694:
6683:
6677:
6676:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6669:
6660:
6654:Cape grysbok (
6651:
6641:
6639:
6631:
6630:
6628:
6627:
6617:
6615:
6607:
6606:
6604:
6603:
6597:Klipspringer (
6593:
6591:
6583:
6582:
6580:
6579:
6570:
6561:
6551:
6549:
6541:
6540:
6538:
6537:
6528:
6524:M. piacentinii
6519:
6510:
6500:
6498:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6486:
6476:
6474:
6463:
6457:
6456:
6453:
6452:
6450:
6449:
6439:
6437:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6425:
6415:
6413:
6402:
6398:
6397:
6394:
6393:
6391:
6390:
6386:P. przewalskii
6381:
6372:
6362:
6360:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6348:
6339:
6330:
6321:
6312:
6306:Dama gazelle (
6302:
6300:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6288:
6278:
6276:
6268:
6267:
6265:
6264:
6255:
6246:
6240:Rhim gazelle (
6237:
6228:
6219:
6210:
6201:
6191:
6189:
6181:
6180:
6178:
6177:
6168:
6159:
6150:
6140:
6138:
6130:
6129:
6127:
6126:
6116:
6114:
6106:
6105:
6103:
6102:
6098:A. marsupialis
6092:
6090:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6078:
6068:
6066:
6055:
6045:
6044:
6031:
6024:
6023:
6020:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6009:
6008:
6002:Common eland (
5999:
5989:
5987:
5979:
5978:
5976:
5975:
5966:
5960:Greater kudu (
5957:
5948:
5939:
5930:
5921:
5912:
5902:
5900:
5877:
5871:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5853:
5851:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5829:
5827:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5815:
5806:
5797:
5788:
5779:
5773:Domestic yak (
5770:
5761:
5752:
5743:
5734:
5724:
5722:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5701:
5697:B. mindorensis
5692:
5686:Lowland anoa (
5683:
5674:
5664:
5662:
5651:
5645:
5644:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5637:
5627:
5625:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5613:
5603:
5601:
5590:
5580:
5579:
5566:
5559:
5558:
5555:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5538:
5528:
5526:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5504:
5502:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5490:
5481:
5472:
5463:
5454:
5445:
5436:
5426:
5424:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5406:Nilgiri tahr (
5402:
5400:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5378:
5376:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5354:
5352:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5331:
5322:
5313:
5303:
5301:
5293:
5292:
5290:
5289:
5279:
5277:
5269:
5268:
5266:
5265:
5259:Taiwan serow (
5256:
5247:
5238:
5228:
5226:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5214:
5205:
5196:
5190:Iberian ibex (
5187:
5178:
5169:
5160:
5151:
5142:
5133:
5123:
5121:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5109:
5099:
5097:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5085:
5079:Arabian tahr (
5075:
5073:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5061:
5051:
5049:
5037:
5036:
5023:
5016:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4996:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4954:
4952:
4941:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4918:
4908:
4906:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4894:
4884:
4882:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4861:
4851:
4849:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4827:
4825:
4814:
4808:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4790:
4788:
4777:
4771:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4753:
4751:
4740:
4734:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4726:
4717:
4713:R. fulvorufula
4708:
4698:
4696:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4675:
4666:
4657:
4648:
4638:
4636:
4625:
4619:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4601:
4599:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4581:Arabian oryx (
4578:
4569:
4560:
4550:
4548:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4527:
4517:
4515:
4504:
4494:
4493:
4485:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4458:O. virginianus
4453:
4444:
4434:
4432:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4411:
4401:
4399:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4377:
4366:
4364:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4342:
4340:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4324:O. bezoarticus
4318:
4316:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4295:
4286:
4277:
4268:
4264:M. gouazoubira
4262:Gray brocket (
4259:
4250:
4241:
4232:
4222:
4220:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4199:
4189:
4187:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4165:
4163:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4142:
4132:
4130:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4108:
4106:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4084:
4082:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4048:
4039:
4030:
4021:
4017:C. albirostris
4011:
4009:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3988:
3979:
3970:
3960:
3958:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3936:
3934:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3913:
3903:
3901:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3880:
3871:
3862:
3852:
3850:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3829:
3819:
3817:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3801:E. cephalophus
3795:
3793:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3772:
3763:
3754:
3745:
3736:
3730:Leaf muntjac (
3727:
3723:M. puhoatensis
3718:
3709:
3700:
3691:
3682:
3673:
3663:
3661:
3650:
3640:
3639:
3631:
3624:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3580:T. williamsoni
3575:
3566:
3557:
3548:
3539:
3529:
3527:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3506:
3497:
3487:
3485:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3463:
3461:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3432:M. moschiferus
3427:
3423:M. leucogaster
3418:
3409:
3400:
3391:
3387:M. berezovskii
3382:
3372:
3370:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3336:
3327:
3318:
3308:
3306:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3284:
3282:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3247:
3245:
3234:
3232:Antilocapridae
3224:
3223:
3217:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3204:Laurasiatheria
3200:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3131:at Wikispecies
3120:
3106:
3105:External links
3103:
3100:
3099:
3092:
3074:
3067:
3043:
3014:
2975:
2943:
2922:
2887:
2876:(3): 411β420.
2854:
2795:
2759:
2717:
2710:
2692:
2671:
2664:
2656:Animal Records
2646:
2639:
2612:
2585:
2578:
2560:
2539:
2528:(2): 192β205.
2512:
2505:
2479:
2456:
2433:
2406:
2358:
2331:
2294:
2273:(4): 589β600.
2251:
2244:. New Series.
2232:
2225:
2207:
2184:
2161:
2134:
2071:
2007:
1971:
1965:978-0195621693
1964:
1940:
1925:
1895:
1873:
1815:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1748:Mammals portal
1735:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1716:
1706:
1672:
1666:
1645:trophy hunters
1632:
1629:
1582:Madhya Pradesh
1566:Andhra Pradesh
1558:Deccan Plateau
1534:
1531:
1508:
1505:
1477:A. leucophloea
1460:Madhya Pradesh
1399:Grewia hirsuta
1307:
1304:
1249:
1246:
1226:Indian muntjac
1151:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1093:Mesembriportax
1068:Shiwalik Hills
977:
974:
973:
972:
959:
950:
919:
918:
915:
914:
910:
909:
906:
905:
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889:
886:
885:
882:
881:
874:
869:
867:
864:
863:
860:
859:
852:
847:
845:
840:
757:Philip Sclater
695:
692:
593:
590:
578:trophy hunters
566:mating seasons
438:
437:
435:
434:
433:
432:
424:
416:Saint-Hillaire
408:
400:
388:
380:
368:
360:
355:Cervus labipes
352:
344:
332:
324:
316:
302:
301:
300:
297:
296:
290:
289:
285:
284:
276:
275:
246:
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207:
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200:
186:
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176:
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166:
162:
161:
156:
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146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
88:
87:
69:
66:
65:
60:
57:
56:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8092:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8047:
8045:
8028:
8023:
8019:
8015:
8010:
8006:
8002:
7997:
7993:
7989:
7984:
7980:
7976:
7971:
7967:
7963:
7958:
7954:
7950:
7945:
7941:
7937:
7932:
7928:
7924:
7919:
7915:
7911:
7906:
7902:
7898:
7893:
7889:
7884:
7878:
7874:
7869:
7863:
7859:
7858:
7856:
7854:
7850:
7842:
7837:
7833:
7829:
7824:
7820:
7816:
7811:
7807:
7803:
7798:
7794:
7790:
7785:
7781:
7777:
7772:
7768:
7764:
7759:
7755:
7751:
7746:
7742:
7738:
7733:
7729:
7725:
7720:
7716:
7712:
7707:
7703:
7699:
7694:
7690:
7686:
7681:
7677:
7673:
7668:
7664:
7660:
7654:
7650:
7645:
7641:
7637:
7632:
7628:
7623:
7617:
7613:
7608:
7602:
7598:
7597:
7595:
7593:
7589:
7585:
7580:
7560:
7556:
7555:
7553:
7551:
7547:
7537:
7535:
7530:
7529:
7527:
7525:
7524:
7519:
7513:
7511:
7506:
7505:
7503:
7501:
7500:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7486:
7482:
7478:
7472:
7468:
7450:
7448:
7443:
7441:
7439:
7434:
7432:
7430:
7429:C. bactrianus
7425:
7424:
7422:
7420:
7419:
7414:
7408:
7406:
7401:
7399:
7397:
7392:
7390:
7388:
7383:
7381:
7379:
7374:
7373:
7371:
7369:
7368:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7354:
7350:
7346:
7340:
7336:
7318:
7316:
7311:
7310:
7308:
7306:
7305:
7300:
7294:
7292:
7287:
7286:
7284:
7282:
7281:
7276:
7270:
7268:
7263:
7262:
7260:
7258:
7257:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7243:
7233:
7231:
7230:S. verrucosus
7226:
7224:
7222:
7217:
7215:
7213:
7208:
7206:
7204:
7199:
7197:
7195:
7190:
7188:
7186:
7181:
7179:
7177:
7176:S. domesticus
7172:
7170:
7168:
7167:S. celebensis
7163:
7161:
7159:
7154:
7152:
7150:
7145:
7143:
7141:
7136:
7135:
7133:
7131:
7130:
7125:
7119:
7117:
7112:
7110:
7108:
7103:
7102:
7100:
7098:
7097:
7096:Potamochoerus
7092:
7086:
7084:
7079:
7078:
7076:
7074:
7073:
7068:
7062:
7060:
7055:
7053:
7051:
7046:
7045:
7043:
7041:
7040:
7035:
7029:
7027:
7022:
7021:
7019:
7017:
7016:
7011:
7005:
7003:
6998:
6996:
6994:
6993:B. celebensis
6989:
6987:
6985:
6980:
6979:
6977:
6975:
6974:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6960:
6956:
6952:
6946:
6942:
6924:
6922:
6917:
6916:
6914:
6912:
6911:
6906:
6900:
6898:
6893:
6891:
6889:
6884:
6882:
6880:
6877:Blue duiker (
6875:
6874:
6872:
6870:
6869:
6864:
6858:
6856:
6851:
6849:
6847:
6842:
6840:
6838:
6833:
6831:
6829:
6824:
6822:
6820:
6815:
6813:
6811:
6806:
6804:
6802:
6797:
6795:
6793:
6792:C. nigrifrons
6788:
6786:
6784:
6779:
6777:
6775:
6774:C. natalensis
6770:
6768:
6766:
6761:
6759:
6757:
6752:
6750:
6748:
6743:
6741:
6739:
6734:
6732:
6730:
6725:
6723:
6721:
6720:C. callipygus
6716:
6714:
6712:
6707:
6705:
6703:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6693:
6692:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6678:
6668:
6666:
6661:
6659:
6657:
6652:
6650:
6648:
6647:R. campestris
6643:
6642:
6640:
6638:
6637:
6632:
6626:
6624:
6619:
6618:
6616:
6614:
6613:
6608:
6602:
6600:
6599:O. oreotragus
6595:
6594:
6592:
6590:
6589:
6584:
6578:
6576:
6571:
6569:
6567:
6562:
6560:
6558:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6548:
6547:
6542:
6536:
6534:
6529:
6527:
6525:
6520:
6518:
6516:
6511:
6509:
6507:
6502:
6501:
6499:
6497:
6496:
6491:
6485:
6483:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6473:
6472:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6458:
6448:
6446:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6436:
6435:
6430:
6424:
6422:
6417:
6416:
6414:
6412:
6411:
6406:
6403:
6399:
6389:
6387:
6382:
6380:
6378:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6364:
6363:
6361:
6359:
6358:
6353:
6347:
6345:
6340:
6338:
6336:
6331:
6329:
6327:
6322:
6320:
6318:
6313:
6311:
6309:
6304:
6303:
6301:
6299:
6298:
6293:
6287:
6285:
6280:
6279:
6277:
6275:
6274:
6269:
6263:
6261:
6256:
6254:
6252:
6247:
6245:
6243:
6242:G. leptoceros
6238:
6236:
6234:
6229:
6227:
6225:
6220:
6218:
6216:
6211:
6209:
6207:
6202:
6200:
6198:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6188:
6187:
6182:
6176:
6174:
6169:
6167:
6165:
6160:
6158:
6156:
6151:
6149:
6147:
6146:E. albonotata
6142:
6141:
6139:
6137:
6136:
6131:
6125:
6123:
6122:A. cervicapra
6118:
6117:
6115:
6113:
6112:
6107:
6101:
6099:
6094:
6093:
6091:
6089:
6088:
6083:
6077:
6075:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6064:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6050:
6046:
6040:
6036:
6029:
6025:
6007:
6005:
6000:
5998:
5996:
5993:Giant eland (
5991:
5990:
5988:
5986:
5985:
5980:
5974:
5972:
5971:T. sylvaticus
5967:
5965:
5963:
5958:
5956:
5954:
5949:
5947:
5945:
5940:
5938:
5936:
5933:Lesser kudu (
5931:
5929:
5927:
5922:
5920:
5918:
5913:
5911:
5909:
5904:
5903:
5901:
5895:
5887:
5886:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5872:
5862:
5860:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5850:
5849:
5844:
5838:
5836:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5826:
5825:
5820:
5814:
5812:
5807:
5805:
5803:
5798:
5796:
5794:
5789:
5787:
5785:
5780:
5778:
5776:
5771:
5769:
5767:
5762:
5760:
5758:
5753:
5751:
5749:
5748:B. domesticus
5746:Bali cattle (
5744:
5742:
5740:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5720:
5715:
5709:
5707:
5702:
5700:
5698:
5693:
5691:
5689:
5684:
5682:
5680:
5675:
5673:
5671:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5661:
5660:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5646:
5636:
5634:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5624:
5623:
5618:
5612:
5610:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5599:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5585:
5581:
5575:
5571:
5564:
5560:
5546:
5544:
5539:
5537:
5535:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5525:
5524:
5519:
5513:
5511:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5500:
5495:
5489:
5487:
5482:
5480:
5478:
5473:
5471:
5469:
5464:
5462:
5460:
5455:
5453:
5451:
5450:O. canadensis
5446:
5444:
5442:
5437:
5435:
5433:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5411:
5409:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5397:Nilgiritragus
5393:
5387:
5385:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5369:
5363:
5361:
5360:O. americanus
5356:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5345:
5339:
5337:
5332:
5330:
5328:
5323:
5321:
5319:
5314:
5312:
5310:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5294:
5288:
5286:
5285:H. jemlahicus
5281:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5270:
5264:
5262:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5248:
5246:
5244:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5225:
5224:
5219:
5213:
5211:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5197:
5195:
5193:
5188:
5186:
5184:
5181:Nubian ibex (
5179:
5177:
5175:
5172:Alpine ibex (
5170:
5168:
5166:
5161:
5159:
5157:
5152:
5150:
5148:
5143:
5141:
5139:
5134:
5132:
5130:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5114:
5108:
5106:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5096:
5095:
5090:
5084:
5082:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5060:
5058:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5048:
5047:
5042:
5038:
5032:
5028:
5021:
5017:
5003:
5001:
4997:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4979:
4977:
4973:
4963:
4961:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4939:Pantholopinae
4936:
4926:
4924:
4919:
4917:
4915:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4905:
4904:
4899:
4893:
4891:
4890:A. buselaphus
4886:
4885:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4875:
4869:
4867:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4836:
4834:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4809:
4799:
4797:
4794:Grey rhebok (
4792:
4791:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4762:
4760:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4738:Aepycerotinae
4735:
4725:
4723:
4718:
4716:
4714:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4683:
4681:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4669:Nile lechwe (
4667:
4665:
4663:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4610:
4608:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4586:
4584:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4570:
4568:
4566:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4541:
4535:
4533:
4528:
4526:
4524:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4502:Hippotraginae
4499:
4495:
4490:
4483:
4479:
4461:
4459:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4425:
4419:
4417:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4391:
4385:
4383:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4351:
4349:
4348:B. dichotomus
4344:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4333:
4327:
4325:
4322:Pampas deer (
4320:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4303:
4301:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4282:M. nemorivaga
4278:
4276:
4274:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4242:
4240:
4238:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4226:Red brocket (
4224:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4207:
4205:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4195:H. antisensis
4191:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4174:
4172:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4150:
4148:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4117:
4115:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4093:
4091:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4056:
4054:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4035:C. canadensis
4031:
4029:
4027:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3996:
3994:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3984:R. timorensis
3980:
3978:
3976:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3945:
3943:
3942:E. davidianus
3938:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3921:
3919:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3909:R. duvaucelii
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3888:
3886:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3874:Bawean deer (
3872:
3870:
3868:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3837:
3835:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3810:
3804:
3802:
3799:Tufted deer (
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3780:
3778:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3732:M. putaoensis
3728:
3726:
3724:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3678:M. crinifrons
3674:
3672:
3670:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3636:
3629:
3625:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3583:
3581:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3571:T. versicolor
3567:
3565:
3563:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3472:
3470:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3435:
3433:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3378:M. anhuiensis
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3344:
3342:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3332:G. reticulata
3328:
3326:
3324:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3293:
3291:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3256:
3254:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3211:
3205:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3168:
3160:
3155:
3153:
3148:
3146:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3130:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3095:
3089:
3085:
3078:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3060:
3055:
3047:
3044:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3027:
3018:
3015:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2979:
2976:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2932:
2926:
2923:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2891:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2858:
2855:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2796:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2743:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2713:
2707:
2703:
2696:
2693:
2688:
2687:Indian Museum
2684:
2683:
2675:
2672:
2667:
2661:
2657:
2650:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2598:
2589:
2586:
2581:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2543:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2513:
2508:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2492:
2483:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2460:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2447:Geodiversitas
2444:
2437:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2422:(4): 441β64.
2421:
2417:
2410:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2379:(2): 277β86.
2378:
2374:
2370:
2362:
2359:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2335:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2298:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2255:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2218:
2211:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2165:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2075:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2032:(9): 3972β6.
2031:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1996:(3): 518β24.
1995:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1980:Hardwicke, T.
1975:
1972:
1967:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1944:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1907:Wilson, D. E.
1902:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1867:10.1644/843.1
1863:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1754:
1749:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1729:in Karnataka.
1728:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1671:in Rajasthan;
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1641:IUCN Red List
1638:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1539:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1522:
1513:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1423:Leucas aspera
1419:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1312:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1148:
1134:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1084:Miotragoceros
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1064:M. cyrenaicus
1061:
1060:Miotragoceros
1058:. Fossils of
1057:
1056:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1043:Miotragocerus
1039:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1001:
1000:
995:
991:
982:
975:
968:
963:
960:
954:
951:
946:
941:
938:
937:
936:
934:
930:
926:
917:
916:
908:
907:
899:
898:
895:
894:
888:
887:
884:
883:
880:
879:
873:
872:
866:
865:
862:
861:
858:
857:
851:
850:
844:
843:
839:
837:
836:
831:
830:
825:
824:
820:
816:
815:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
793:
788:
787:
782:
778:
774:
770:
765:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
708:
704:
701:
693:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
626:
625:specific name
622:
618:
614:
610:
607:
603:
599:
591:
589:
587:
586:IUCN Red List
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
546:
544:
540:
536:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
512:
508:
505:
501:
497:
493:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
475:Western India
472:
468:
464:
461:
458:, is a small
457:
456:
451:
450:
445:
428:
427:T. undicornis
425:
421:
417:
412:
409:
404:
401:
397:
392:
389:
384:
381:
377:
372:
369:
364:
361:
356:
353:
348:
345:
341:
336:
333:
328:
325:
320:
317:
312:
309:
308:
307:
298:
295:
291:
286:
282:
277:
274:
271:
266:
259:
252:
247:
242:
237:
231:
229:
223:
220:
219:Binomial name
216:
212:
211:
206:
203:
202:
197:
192:
191:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
98:
93:
89:
83:
78:
67:
63:
58:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
7852:
7591:
7533:
7521:
7510:H. amphibius
7509:
7499:Hippopotamus
7497:
7477:Whippomorpha
7446:
7437:
7428:
7416:
7404:
7395:
7386:
7377:
7365:
7314:
7302:
7290:
7278:
7266:
7254:
7229:
7220:
7211:
7202:
7193:
7184:
7175:
7166:
7158:S. cebifrons
7157:
7148:
7139:
7127:
7115:
7106:
7094:
7082:
7070:
7059:P. africanus
7058:
7049:
7039:Phacochoerus
7037:
7025:
7013:
7001:
6992:
6984:B. babyrussa
6983:
6971:
6920:
6908:
6896:
6888:P. maxwellii
6887:
6879:P. monticola
6878:
6866:
6854:
6845:
6836:
6827:
6819:C. rufilatus
6818:
6809:
6800:
6791:
6782:
6773:
6764:
6755:
6746:
6737:
6736:Bay duiker (
6729:C. crusalbum
6728:
6719:
6710:
6701:
6689:
6681:Cephalophini
6664:
6656:R. melanotis
6655:
6646:
6634:
6622:
6610:
6598:
6586:
6574:
6566:N. moschatus
6565:
6556:
6544:
6532:
6523:
6514:
6506:M. guentheri
6505:
6493:
6482:D. megalotis
6481:
6469:
6444:
6432:
6421:P. hodgsonii
6420:
6408:
6385:
6376:
6368:P. gutturosa
6367:
6355:
6343:
6334:
6325:
6316:
6307:
6295:
6283:
6271:
6259:
6250:
6241:
6232:
6224:G. erlangeri
6223:
6214:
6205:
6197:G. bennettii
6196:
6184:
6172:
6164:E. thomsonii
6163:
6155:E. rufifrons
6154:
6145:
6133:
6121:
6109:
6097:
6085:
6073:
6061:
6003:
5995:T. derbianus
5994:
5982:
5970:
5961:
5952:
5943:
5934:
5926:T. eurycerus
5925:
5916:
5907:
5883:
5875:Tragelaphini
5858:
5846:
5834:
5822:
5810:
5801:
5793:B. javanicus
5792:
5783:
5775:B. grunniens
5774:
5765:
5757:B. frontalis
5756:
5747:
5738:
5729:
5717:
5705:
5696:
5687:
5678:
5669:
5657:
5632:
5620:
5608:
5606:
5597:
5596:
5543:R. rupicapra
5542:
5534:R. pyrenaica
5533:
5521:
5509:
5497:
5485:
5476:
5475:Snow sheep (
5467:
5458:
5457:Dall sheep (
5449:
5440:
5431:
5419:
5408:N. hylocrius
5407:
5395:
5384:O. moschatus
5383:
5371:
5359:
5347:
5335:
5326:
5317:
5308:
5296:
5284:
5272:
5260:
5251:
5242:
5233:
5221:
5209:
5208:Walia ibex (
5200:
5192:C. pyrenaica
5191:
5182:
5173:
5164:
5156:C. falconeri
5155:
5146:
5137:
5128:
5116:
5105:B. taxicolor
5104:
5092:
5080:
5068:
5056:
5044:
4960:P. hodgsonii
4959:
4947:
4922:
4913:
4903:Connochaetes
4901:
4889:
4888:Hartebeest (
4877:
4865:
4856:
4844:
4832:
4820:
4812:Alcelaphinae
4796:P. capreolus
4795:
4783:
4758:
4746:
4721:
4712:
4704:R. arundinum
4703:
4691:
4679:
4671:K. megaceros
4670:
4661:
4652:
4643:
4631:
4606:
4594:
4582:
4573:
4564:
4555:
4543:
4531:
4522:
4510:
4457:
4448:
4439:
4427:
4415:
4406:
4393:
4381:
4371:
4359:
4347:
4346:Marsh deer (
4335:
4323:
4311:
4299:
4290:
4281:
4272:
4263:
4254:
4245:
4236:
4228:M. americana
4227:
4215:
4203:
4194:
4184:Hippocamelus
4182:
4170:
4158:
4146:
4138:C. capreolus
4137:
4125:
4113:
4112:Water deer (
4101:
4089:
4077:
4052:
4043:
4034:
4025:
4016:
4004:
3992:
3983:
3975:R. mariannus
3974:
3965:
3953:
3941:
3929:
3917:
3916:Eld's deer (
3908:
3907:Barasingha (
3896:
3884:
3875:
3866:
3857:
3845:
3833:
3824:
3812:
3800:
3788:
3776:
3768:M. vaginalis
3767:
3758:
3749:
3740:
3731:
3722:
3713:
3704:
3695:
3686:
3677:
3669:M. atherodes
3668:
3656:
3579:
3570:
3562:T. nigricans
3561:
3552:
3543:
3535:T. javanicus
3534:
3522:
3510:
3501:
3492:
3480:
3469:H. aquaticus
3468:
3456:
3431:
3422:
3413:
3404:
3395:
3386:
3377:
3365:
3340:
3331:
3322:
3313:
3301:
3290:O. johnstoni
3289:
3277:
3253:A. americana
3252:
3240:
3202:Superorder:
3196:Infraclass:
3167:Artiodactyla
3083:
3077:
3058:
3046:
3037:
3031:
3025:
3017:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2964:(1): 63β70.
2961:
2955:
2934:. Retrieved
2925:
2903:(1): 21β35.
2900:
2896:
2890:
2873:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2812:
2808:
2798:
2784:(6): 741β7.
2781:
2777:
2773:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2701:
2695:
2681:
2674:
2655:
2649:
2630:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2588:
2569:
2563:
2557:(7): 828β30.
2554:
2548:
2542:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2490:
2482:
2476:(3): 208β18.
2473:
2469:
2459:
2450:
2446:
2436:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2312:(1): 60β72.
2309:
2303:
2297:
2270:
2264:
2254:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2216:
2210:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2155:
2149:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2074:
2029:
2023:
1993:
1987:
1974:
1950:
1943:
1911:
1889:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1806:. Retrieved
1792:
1786:
1780:
1649:
1634:
1614:
1598:biodiversity
1570:Chhattisgarh
1547:
1518:
1507:Reproduction
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1420:species and
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1396:. The shrub
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1317:
1267:
1251:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1186:
1166:
1158:
1117:Chalcolithic
1106:
1102:South Africa
1098:Langebaanweg
1091:
1083:
1079:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1027:
1021:
1019:
1014:
997:
987:
961:
952:
939:
925:Colin Groves
923:
891:
878:Tragelaphini
876:
854:
833:
832:(eland) and
827:
821:
812:
804:
796:
790:
784:
781:Tragelaphini
769:phylogenetic
766:
740:
734:
729:
702:
697:
683:
675:
667:
663:
659:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
628:quadricornis
627:
620:
616:
608:
606:generic name
601:
595:
547:
532:
490:
489:
454:
453:
448:
447:
443:
441:
426:
410:
402:
391:T. paccerois
390:
382:
370:
362:
354:
346:
334:
326:
318:
310:
264:
257:
250:
249:
227:
225:
209:
208:
189:
188:
149:Artiodactyla
29:
8055:Boselaphini
7957:iNaturalist
7877:Wikispecies
7719:iNaturalist
7616:Wikispecies
7387:L. guanicoe
7246:Tayassuidae
7210:Wild boar (
7149:S. barbatus
7107:P. larvatus
7083:P. salvania
7081:Pygmy hog (
7015:Hylochoerus
6868:Philantomba
6756:C. jentinki
6738:C. dorsalis
6691:Cephalophus
6575:N. pygmaeus
6533:M. saltiana
6471:Dorcatragus
6445:S. tatarica
6335:N. petersii
6273:Litocranius
6173:E. tilonura
6120:Blackbuck (
6096:Springbok (
6039:Antilopinae
6037:(subfamily
5984:Taurotragus
5951:Sitatunga (
5944:T. scriptus
5935:T. imberbis
5892:(including
5885:Tragelaphus
5706:B. quarlesi
5588:Boselaphini
5572:(subfamily
5477:O. nivicola
5318:N. caudatus
5307:Red goral (
5298:Naemorhedus
5261:C. swinhoei
5241:Red serow (
5223:Capricornis
5201:C. sibirica
5138:C. caucasia
5129:C. aegagrus
5127:Wild goat (
5081:A. jayakari
5070:Arabitragus
5029:(subfamily
5000:Antilopinae
4923:C. taurinus
4866:D. pygargus
4759:A. melampus
4680:K. vardonii
4642:Waterbuck (
4583:O. leucoryx
4512:Hippotragus
4440:O. hemionus
4438:Mule deer (
4337:Blastocerus
4246:M. bricenii
4204:H. bisulcus
4171:R. tarandus
4147:C. pygargus
4069:Capreolinae
4051:Sika deer (
3993:R. unicolor
3982:Rusa deer (
3885:A. porcinus
3705:M. montanus
3502:M. kathygre
3251:Pronghorn (
3242:Antilocapra
3040:(1): 63β66.
2756:(1): 72β82.
1808:19 November
1713:Maharashtra
1665:in Gujarat;
1586:Maharashtra
1405:Helichrysum
1351:Echinochloa
1275:territories
1262:undergrowth
1214:T. q. iodes
1206:T. q. iodes
1123:Description
1080:Tragoportax
1055:Tragoportax
1020:Fossils of
940:T. q. iodes
893:Boselaphini
835:Tragelaphus
829:Taurotragus
722:Boselaphini
550:undergrowth
483:sole member
251:T. q. iodes
244:Subspecies
179:Boselaphini
165:Subfamily:
8044:Categories
7897:Tetracerus
7883:Tetracerus
7853:Tetracerus
7523:Choeropsis
7405:L. vicugna
7291:C. wagneri
7194:S. oliveri
7185:S. heureni
6921:S. grimmia
6910:Sylvicapra
6897:P. walteri
6810:C. rubidis
6801:C. ogilbyi
6747:C. harveyi
6711:C. brookei
6665:R. sharpei
6645:Steenbok (
6636:Raphicerus
6588:Oreotragus
6461:Neotragini
6410:Pantholops
6326:N. notatus
6284:L. walleri
6233:G. gazella
6206:G. cuvieri
6195:Chinkara (
6087:Antidorcas
6074:A. clarkei
6063:Ammodorcas
6053:Antilopini
5953:T. spekeii
5917:T. buxtoni
5908:T. angasii
5800:Wild yak (
5784:B. indicus
5739:B. bonasus
5679:B. bubalis
5622:Boselaphus
5598:Tetracerus
5468:O. gmelini
5336:N. griseus
5309:N. baileyi
5274:Hemitragus
5243:C. rubidus
5234:C. crispus
5183:C. nubiana
5046:Ammotragus
4949:Pantholops
4879:Alcelaphus
4864:Bontebok (
4857:D. lunatus
4846:Damaliscus
4833:B. hunteri
4722:R. redunca
4623:Reduncinae
4574:O. gazella
4523:H. equinus
4449:O. pandora
4429:Odocoileus
4313:Ozotoceros
4169:Reindeer (
4114:H. inermis
4103:Hydropotes
4026:C. elaphus
4024:Red deer (
3966:R. alfredi
3883:Hog deer (
3741:M. reevesi
3714:M. muntjak
3544:T. kanchil
3511:M. meminna
3458:Hyemoschus
3448:Tragulidae
3405:M. cupreus
3323:G. giraffa
3269:Giraffidae
3220:Ruminantia
2995:(1): 1β6.
2345:Tetracerus
2341:Boselaphus
2204:: 207β233.
2158:: 353β354.
2146:Groves, C.
1755:References
1637:Vulnerable
1610:feral dogs
1483:A. catechu
1411:Indigofera
1369:Sporobolus
1328:Cyperaceae
1324:Tamil Nadu
1113:Mesolithic
1049:Tragocerus
1015:Tetracerus
1011:chromosome
929:subspecies
741:Tetracerus
703:Tetracerus
668:kondu kuri
652:chousingha
648:chowsingha
644:chausingha
609:Tetracerus
582:vulnerable
562:inbreeding
511:subspecies
502:by French
491:Tetracerus
465:native to
455:chousingha
236:Blainville
190:Tetracerus
77:Vulnerable
18:Chousingha
7868:Q10824586
7475:Suborder
7385:Guanaco (
7357:Camelidae
7343:Suborder
7315:D. tajacu
7304:Dicotyles
7280:Catagonus
7267:T. pecari
7212:S. scrofa
7116:P. porcus
7105:Bushpig (
6973:Babyrousa
6949:Suborder
6846:C. weynsi
6837:C. spadix
6702:C. adersi
6623:O. ourebi
6557:N. batesi
6546:Neotragus
6515:M. kirkii
6317:N. granti
6282:Gerenuk (
6251:G. spekei
6215:G. dorcas
6072:Dibatag (
5859:S. caffer
5824:Pseudoryx
5811:B. taurus
5791:Banteng (
5766:B. gaurus
5695:Tamaraw (
5541:Chamois (
5523:Rupicapra
5510:P. nayaur
5486:O. vignei
5466:Mouflon (
5165:C. hircus
5154:Markhor (
5057:A. lervia
4822:Beatragus
4748:Aepyceros
4572:Gemsbok (
4565:O. dammah
4407:P. carlae
4300:M. temama
4291:M. rufina
4255:M. chunyi
4237:M. bororo
4127:Capreolus
4053:C. nippon
4044:C. hanglu
3931:Elaphurus
3876:A. kuhlii
3790:Elaphodus
3658:Muntiacus
3493:M. indica
3482:Moschiola
3414:M. fuscus
3357:Moschidae
3218:Suborder
3178:Kingdom:
2570:Mammalogy
2453:: 747β91.
2355:: 425β39.
1617:deciduous
1606:ungulates
1590:Telangana
1578:Karnataka
1554:Himalayas
1526:Gestation
1500:sympatric
1417:Tinospora
1345:Digitaria
1330:; genera
1260:in dense
1258:ruminates
1189:posterior
1178:antelopes
976:Evolution
823:Pelorovis
797:Pseudoryx
737:authority
714:described
592:Etymology
584:" on the
543:Gestation
524:posterior
520:antelopes
504:zoologist
496:described
340:Hardwicke
204:Species:
115:Kingdom:
109:Eukaryota
8001:14200721
7862:Wikidata
7836:Species+
7789:14200722
7737:11170181
7656:BioLib:
7601:Wikidata
7447:C. ferus
7403:VicuΓ±a (
7396:L. pacos
7394:Alpaca (
7378:L. glama
7345:Tylopoda
6855:C. zebra
6783:C. niger
6357:Procapra
6135:Eudorcas
6111:Antilope
5848:Syncerus
5809:Cattle (
5802:B. mutus
5730:B. bison
5670:B. arnee
5631:Nilgai (
5508:Bharal (
5499:Pseudois
5459:O. dalli
5441:O. aries
5432:O. ammon
5430:Argali (
5382:Muskox (
5349:Oreamnos
5327:N. goral
5210:C. walie
5094:Budorcas
5031:Caprinae
4976:Caprinae
4831:Hirola (
4775:Peleinae
4757:Impala (
4662:K. leche
4660:Lechwe (
4556:O. beisa
4532:H. niger
4193:Taruca (
4160:Rangifer
4090:A. alces
3991:Sambar (
3918:R. eldii
3898:Rucervus
3856:Chital (
3648:Cervinae
3635:Cervidae
3596:Cervidae
3524:Tragulus
3198:Eutheria
3192:Mammalia
3186:Chordata
3184:Phylum:
3180:Animalia
3009:83806831
2989:Mammalia
2936:26 April
2917:84489998
2849:25714092
2809:PLOS ONE
2393:20204496
2289:84545142
2248:: 1β356.
2181:: 87β94.
2129:10380679
1982:(1825).
1935:62265494
1860:: 1β11.
1734:See also
1333:Axonopus
1296:leopards
1238:chinkara
1228:and the
1193:anterior
1182:fetlocks
1076:Pakistan
999:Eotragus
817:and the
805:Syncerus
680:Nepalese
636:quattuor
528:anterior
463:antelope
396:Houghton
294:Synonyms
155:Family:
139:Mammalia
129:Chordata
125:Phylum:
119:Animalia
105:Domain:
82:IUCN 3.1
7975:1345551
7949:2441198
7776:1006255
7711:2441199
7698:1038785
7607:Q273580
7559:Cetacea
7550:Cetacea
7418:Camelus
7376:Llama (
7256:Tayassu
7072:Porcula
6621:Oribi (
6612:Ourebia
6495:Madoqua
6480:Beira (
6401:Saigini
6308:N. dama
6186:Gazella
6035:Bovidae
6033:Family
6004:T. oryx
5924:Bongo (
5906:Nyala (
5833:Saola (
5755:Gayal (
5659:Bubalus
5574:Bovinae
5570:Bovidae
5568:Family
5484:Urial (
5174:C. ibex
5103:Takin (
5027:Bovidae
5025:Family
4988:Bovinae
4914:C. gnou
4693:Redunca
4605:Addax (
4489:Bovidae
4487:Family
4395:Pudella
4382:P. pudu
4273:M. nana
4088:Moose (
3858:A. axis
3825:D. dama
3687:M. feae
3633:Family
3608:Bovidae
3553:T. napu
3367:Moschus
3303:Giraffa
3288:Okapi (
3190:Class:
3169:species
3165:Extant
2840:4340944
2817:Bibcode
2401:8973690
2314:Bibcode
2120:1689916
2066:1570322
2034:Bibcode
1956:271β272
1639:on the
1574:Gujarat
1492:langurs
1357:Panicum
1339:Cynodon
1288:display
1283:latrine
1254:diurnal
1242:gazelle
1234:antlers
1096:, from
1008:diploid
994:Miocene
969:, 1839)
947:, 1847)
945:Hodgson
819:extinct
786:Bubalus
767:A 1992
710:Bovidae
672:Kannada
634:words:
615:words:
535:diurnal
485:of the
467:central
422:, 1832)
398:, 1847)
378:, 1842)
342:, 1825)
272:, 1839)
238:, 1816)
185:Genus:
175:Tribe:
169:Bovinae
159:Bovidae
145:Order:
135:Class:
80: (
7988:624980
7936:103530
7910:462626
7828:149721
7815:374283
7750:625127
7672:462627
7644:ARKive
6963:Suidae
6564:Suni (
6297:Nanger
5782:Zebu (
5764:Gaur (
5649:Bovini
5373:Ovibos
4678:Puku (
4653:K. kob
4217:Mazama
4006:Cervus
3279:Okapia
3090:
3065:
3007:
2915:
2847:
2837:
2708:
2662:
2637:
2576:
2503:
2399:
2391:
2287:
2223:
2127:
2117:
2109:
2064:
2057:525613
2054:
1962:
1933:
1923:
1496:chital
1488:Babool
1452:browse
1363:Sehima
1300:dholes
1298:, and
1292:tigers
1236:. The
1180:. The
1170:muzzle
1109:humans
990:fossil
967:Elliot
856:Bovini
777:Bovini
726:nilgai
724:, the
707:family
676:chauka
664:ghutri
604:. The
481:. The
420:Cuvier
270:Elliot
198:, 1825
8027:42880
8014:73822
7970:IRMNG
7962:42385
7923:63V33
7802:73823
7763:21661
7732:IRMNG
7724:42386
7685:7BQXD
7659:33819
6951:Suina
6434:Saiga
6375:Goa (
5894:kudus
5118:Capra
4785:Pelea
4651:Kob (
4633:Kobus
4596:Addax
4079:Alces
4033:Elk (
3005:S2CID
2913:S2CID
2499:β90.
2397:S2CID
2285:S2CID
2111:51466
2107:JSTOR
1562:Nepal
1072:India
1034:Kenya
814:Bison
801:saola
773:clade
700:genus
688:Tamil
656:Hindi
640:cornu
632:Latin
621:keras
617:tetra
613:Greek
574:skull
516:horns
487:genus
479:Nepal
471:South
460:bovid
376:Blyth
196:Leach
54:India
8009:NCBI
7983:ITIS
7944:GBIF
7905:BOLD
7841:9831
7797:NCBI
7758:IUCN
7745:ITIS
7706:GBIF
7667:BOLD
7557:see
7367:Lama
5421:Ovis
4545:Oryx
4361:Pudu
3955:Rusa
3847:Axis
3814:Dama
3088:ISBN
3063:ISBN
2938:2024
2845:PMID
2706:ISBN
2660:ISBN
2635:ISBN
2574:ISBN
2501:ISBN
2389:PMID
2371:)".
2343:and
2221:ISBN
2125:PMID
2062:PMID
1960:ISBN
1931:OCLC
1921:ISBN
1810:2021
1793:2017
1588:and
1480:and
1444:and
1414:and
1390:and
1366:and
1306:Diet
1271:mark
1240:, a
1174:deer
1152:Buck
1074:and
1052:and
1026:and
933:coat
779:and
759:and
739:for
735:The
660:doda
596:The
554:dogs
500:1816
473:and
442:The
418:and
303:List
7996:MSW
7931:EoL
7918:CoL
7892:ADW
7784:MSW
7771:MDD
7693:EoL
7680:CoL
7631:ADW
7129:Sus
5719:Bos
2997:doi
2987:".
2966:doi
2962:276
2905:doi
2878:doi
2874:256
2835:PMC
2825:doi
2786:doi
2754:106
2530:doi
2497:289
2424:doi
2381:doi
2322:doi
2310:248
2275:doi
2156:100
2115:PMC
2099:doi
2095:266
2052:PMC
2042:doi
1998:doi
1862:doi
1858:843
1797:doi
1711:in
1596:'s
1592:on
1138:Doe
1104:).
1070:in
1004:Mya
811:),
803:),
792:Bos
690:).
682:);
674:);
498:in
8046::
8024::
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1994:14
1992:.
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