279:, Jamaat-e-Islami's European wing, which believes in creating a sharia state in Europe and in 2010 was accused by a Labour minister, Jim Fitzpatrick, of infiltrating the Labour Party. Tower Hamlets' directly elected mayor, Lutfur Rahman, was expelled from Labour for his close links with the IFE. Until 2010 Mueen-Uddin was vice-chairman of the controversial East London Mosque, controlled by the IFE, in which capacity he greeted Prince Charles when the heir to the throne opened an extension to the mosque. He was also closely involved with the Muslim Council of Britain, which has been dominated by the IFE. He was chairman and remains a trustee of the IFE-linked charity, Muslim Aid, which has a budget of ÂŖ20 million. He has also been closely involved in the Markfield Institute, the key institution of Islamist higher education in the UK.
462:
home address. Fearing that he too would be abducted, the editor gave a fake address. Rahman's name, complete with the fake address, appeared on an Al-Badr death list found just after the end of the war. "I gave that address only to
Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin, and when that list appeared it was obvious that he had given that address to Al Badr," Rahman said in statements given to the investigators. "I'm sure I gave the address to no-one else." Rahman then published a front-page story and picture about Mueen-Uddin, who had by that stage left the city, naming him as involved in "disappearances."
511:, the party he was served and which opposed the creation of Bangladesh and took part in committing war crime in 1971, stated that the trials were politically motivated. They also accused the current government of trying to destroy the opposition party by sentencing its leadership to death. However, the political motivation against Mueen-Uddin is unclear as he is living in the UK for more than 40 years. Mueen-Uddin's Legal Counsel described the verdict as
457:
Another reporter on
Purbodesh, Ghulam Mostafa, also disappeared. The vanished journalist's brother, Dulu, said he appealed to Mueen-Uddin for help and was taken around the main Pakistani Army detention and torture centres by Mueen-Uddin. Dulu Mostafa said that Mueen-Uddin appeared to be well known at
461:
Mueen-Uddin's then editor at the paper, Atiqur Rahman, said that Mueen-Uddin had been the first journalist in the country to reveal the existence of the Al-Badr
Brigade and had demonstrated intimate knowledge of its activities. After his colleagues disappeared, he said, Mueen-Uddin had asked for his
549:
The UK said on 22 January 2013 that it supported the war crimes trial in
Bangladesh but always opposed capital punishment while Germany and France termed the trial an internal affair of the country. They gave their reactions a day after the International Crimes Tribunal-2 awarded death sentence to
465:
This brought forward two further witnesses, Mushtaqur and
Mahmudur Rahman, who claim they recognised the picture as somebody who had been part of an armed group looking for the BBC correspondent in Dhaka during the abductions. The group was unsuccessful because the BBC man had gone into hiding.
450:
The widow of another victim, claims that Mueen-Uddin was in the group that abducted her husband, Sirajuddin
Hussain, another journalist, from their home on the night of 10 December 1971. "There was no doubt that he was the person involved in my husband's abduction and killing," said Noorjahan
488:, lawyers called no defence witnesses, whereas the prosecution brought in 25 witnesses, due to non-co-operation from Mueen-Uddin's family. Those sentenced in absentia are not eligible to challenge the court's verdict. Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin denied the charges in an interview aired by
447:. "He was wearing a scarf but my husband pulled it down as he was taken away. When he was a student, he often used to go to my brother in law's house. My husband, my sister-in-law, my brother-in-law, we all recognised that man." Professor Chaudhury was never seen again.
146:. After the liberation of Bangladesh, Chowdhury escaped from Bangladesh and attained British citizenship. Bangladesh has yet to file a request with the UK government to bring back Mueen, and the two countries do not have any extradition treaty signed between them.
858:
559:"The UK has made clear its support for Bangladesh's efforts to bring to justice those accused of atrocities committed in 1971. Along with our EU partners, we are however opposed to the application of the death penalty in all circumstances."
314:
stated that Mueen-Uddin would be charged for war crimes. However, the prosecution has delayed submitting charges. He is accused of being a top member of the notorious paramilitary force Al-Badr and of the fundamentalist
868:
339:
agreement with
Bangladesh, and the UK was reluctant to extradite Mueen-Uddin without assurances of a fair trial, plus assurances that there would be no death penalty in the event of a guilty verdict. Although
1428:
782:
265:
Since moving to the UK in the early 1970s, Mueen-Uddin has taken
British citizenship and built a career as a community activist and Muslim leader. In 1989 he was a key leader of protests against
538:
Relatives of the victims voiced their satisfaction at the verdicts. Professor
Rashiddudin Ahmad, whose brother Giasuddin Ahmed, a university teacher at the time was amongst those killed, said:
604:
495:
The tribunal also said that Mueen-Uddin sometimes carried out the murders, and sometimes instigated and encouraged them. They ruled that he and his allies had complete control over the
819:
474:
On 3 November 2013, the
International Crimes Tribunal â a special Bangladeshi court set up by the government â sentenced Mueen-uddin to death after the tribunal found him guilty
451:
Seraji. "I have waited 40 years to see the trial of the war criminals," said the widow, Noorjahan Seraji. "I have not spent a single night without suffering and I want justice."
188:, 6 journalists and 3 doctors in 1971. Mueen has remained in the United Kingdom since leaving Bangladesh shortly after its independence in 1971. Mueen-Uddin denies the charges.
964:
1978:
1958:
1948:
1968:
636:
423:, in between 10 and 15 December 1971. An arrest warrant also issued for them. Both of them was most wanted after Bangladesh liberation war. According to prob report
1973:
1963:
1943:
1274:
441:, a prominent scholar of Bengali literature, on the night of 14 December 1971. "I was able to identify one , Mueen-Uddin," she said in video testimony, seen by
344:
said in the 1990s that Bangladesh had primary jurisdiction for prosecuting Mueen for the 1971 killings, Britain could reconsider its decision to not prosecute.
328:
169:
111:
792:
1152:
1938:
614:
1212:
197:
reported that he "has been identified as the head of a secret, commando-like organization of fanatic Moslems", In 1995, a documentary film made by
551:
1735:
1681:
1356:
1325:
1179:
1046:
829:
348:
139:
96:
68:
1873:
753:
458:
the detention centres, gained easy admission to the premises and was saluted by the Pakistani guards as he entered. Ghulam was never found.
1602:
1372:
522:
John Cammegh, a barrister in chambers at 9 Bedford Row, London, which represents Mueen-Uddin, in an op-ed piece, stated that the trial
231:
reported that he "has been identified as the head of a secret, commando-like organization of fanatic Moslems", in connection with the
665:
1512:
1953:
517:"serious judicial and prosecutorial misconduct and the collusion of the Government with members of the judiciary and prosecution"
437:
The widow of one victim, Dolly Chaudhury, claims to have identified Mueen-Uddin as one of three men who abducted her husband,
992:
895:
1861:
454:
One of the other members of the group, who was caught soon afterwards, allegedly gave Mueen-Uddin's name in his confession.
1777:
380:
1123:
863:
479:
1406:
1247:
1184:
1100:
900:
730:
707:
484:
1648:
1625:
1484:
508:
316:
292:
198:
540:"We have waited 40 years for this. It is some sort of justice, even though the sentence may never be carried out."
319:
political party, which fought for the country to remain part of Pakistan. Mueen-Uddin has denied all allegations.
1898:
1242:
1068:
438:
372:
232:
135:
1820:
928:
489:
300:
210:
173:
1457:
1095:
1854:
569:
304:
276:
255:
177:
162:
150:
83:
1401:
247:
In the United Kingdom he was able to create a new life. He was a special editor of the London-based weekly
1933:
1758:
787:
528:"a terrible warning of the way in which the ideals of universal justice and accountability can be abused"
1802:
1584:
1558:
388:
1928:
1517:
1493:
443:
1433:
969:
702:
609:
575:
332:
1189:
1348:
1220:
496:
408:
400:
392:
384:
271:
227:
193:
303:. In the film, Mueen-Uddin was accused of being a member of the pro-Pakistan paramilitary force
1429:"British Muslim leader Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin indicted for genocide and crimes against humanity"
1731:
1709:
1677:
1352:
1342:
1321:
1315:
1042:
824:
416:
412:
181:
1725:
1671:
1036:
1128:
725:
420:
396:
368:
352:
185:
123:
1533:
1866:
673:
258:(NHS), a member of Multi Faith Group for Healthcare Chaplaincy (MFGHC), and a trustee of
1038:
The Islamist: Why I Became an Islamic Fundamentalist, what I Saw Inside, and why I Left
356:
311:
266:
1922:
1508:
1157:
404:
376:
341:
254:
Mueen-Uddin is a director of Muslim Spiritual Care Provision in the United Kingdom's
143:
209:
producing comprehensive evidence of his involvement and active participation in the
1903:
1462:
1073:
933:
1015:
572:, paramilitary wing of the West Pakistan Army during the Bangladesh Liberation War
239:
shortly after its independence in 1971, and went to the United Kingdom via India,
191:
He has been accused of war crimes prior to the establishment of the ICT. In 1972,
1344:
The Centrality of Religion in Social Life: Essays in Honour of James A. Beckford
364:
360:
336:
307:
during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, and of being involved in war crimes.
54:
1067:
Niloy, Suliman; Haq, Quazi Shahreen; Dhrubo, Golam Mujtoba (3 November 2013).
669:
259:
236:
158:
77:
1888:
296:
206:
161:, and a director of Muslim spiritual care provision in the United Kingdom's
131:
578:, paramilitary force in East Pakistan during the Bangladesh Liberation War
557:
Warren Daley, spokesperson of the British high commission in Dhaka, said:
1377:
1020:
637:"UK Muslim leader Chowdhury Mueen Uddin sentenced to death in Bangladesh"
244:
180:
committed during 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, sentenced Mueen-Uddin,
1488:
1301:
Genocide 1971, An Account of the Killers And Collaborators Genocide '71
154:
965:"Leading British Muslim leader faces war crimes charges in Bangladesh"
554:
for genocide and crimes against humanity during the Liberation War.
251:
and a leader of the London-based Jamaat organisation Dawatul Islam.
1303:(5 ed.). Muktijuddha Chetana Bikash Kendra. pp. 185, 248.
240:
347:
Both Mueen and Khan were charged with committing a war crime by
1848:
130:; born 27 November 1948), is a British citizen convicted of
1124:"Bangladesh convicts UK-based Muslim leader for war crimes"
820:"NY Times finds journalist link to intellectuals' massacre"
1727:
Pakistan: Can the United States Secure an Insecure State?
1759:"Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin Expected to be Tried in Absentia"
1275:"British Muslim leader sentenced to death in Bangladesh"
275:. Around the same time he helped to found the extremist
1153:"UK documentary narrated Chowdhury Mueen's involvement"
16:
War criminal convicted of killing Bengali intellectuals
783:"ICT issues arrest order against Mueen, Ashrafuzzaman"
478:
of torture and murder of 18 intellectuals during 1971
1899:
Corrections and clarifications: Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin
605:"Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin to be charged with war crimes"
331:
brought war criminal charges against Mueen-Uddin and
1707:[We will never tolerate Indian conspiracy].
1373:"UK Muslim leader faces war crime charges in B'desh"
754:"Arrest warrant against 2 al-Badr operatives issued"
519:, and condemned the entire trial as a "show trial".
1513:"Convicted in Bangladesh â what it means in the UK"
859:"ICT-2 to pass order on Chy Mueen, Ashraf on May 2"
102:
91:
61:
37:
23:
853:
851:
849:
847:
1626:"Bangladesh Death Sentence For UK Muslim Leader"
890:
888:
886:
1874:Rising Unhappiness With Muslims in Europe: Poll
1213:"A journalist is linked to murder of Bengalis"
993:"Extradition of Mueen, Ashraf still a far cry"
534:Reaction from victims' relatives about verdict
1857:. Multi-Faith Group for Healthcare Chaplaincy
1649:"Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin: 'Not a war criminal'"
1268:
1266:
433:Allegations from the relatives of the victims
221:In 1971, Mueen-Uddin was a journalist at the
8:
1889:A Defiant Yet Brutal Face Of Islamic Fascism
1603:"Media recognised this traitor much earlier"
777:
775:
598:
596:
594:
592:
1778:"In Bangladesh: Reconciliation or Revenge?"
1620:
1618:
1616:
1320:. Cambridge University Press. p. 173.
1151:Sathi, Muktasree Chakma (4 November 2013).
1062:
1060:
1058:
660:
658:
1979:Prisoners sentenced to death by Bangladesh
1959:Bangladeshi people convicted of war crimes
1949:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
923:
921:
919:
20:
1821:"US, UK unlikely to return Mueen, Ashraf"
1400:Adhikary, Tuhin Shubhra (19 March 2013).
697:
695:
693:
691:
323:Arrest warrant and extradition conditions
73:Former chairman of the East London Mosque
1969:Bangladeshi prisoners sentenced to death
896:"Charges against Mueen, Ashraf accepted"
295:was aired on British television channel
205:was aired on British television channel
1489:"Bangladesh: Tracking down the killers"
1243:"Ashraf, Mueen to hang for mass murder"
1069:"Ashraf, Mueen to hang for mass murder"
1014:Scott-Joynt, Jeremy (15 October 2003).
720:
718:
588:
262:. He is currently a citizen of the UK.
1458:"Prosecute Bangladesh's war criminals"
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
867:. Dhaka. 29 April 2012. Archived from
791:. Dhaka. 16 April 2012. Archived from
533:
429:was "operation-in-charge of Al-Badr".
335:. The United Kingdom does not have an
1974:1971 Bangladesh genocide perpetrators
1964:People sentenced to death in absentia
1944:British people of Bangladeshi descent
1585:"War crimes probe targets 'butchers'"
1096:"Killers at home turn leaders abroad"
991:Shawon, Ali Asif (14 December 2022).
814:
812:
810:
544:
507:However, the trial was criticised by
351:who were Dhaka University Professors
184:, to death for killing 9 teachers of
97:1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals
69:1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals
7:
1730:. Rand Corporation. pp. 21â22.
1497:– via South Asia Citizens Web.
1016:"Charities in terror fund spotlight"
929:"Mueen-Uddin's extradition unlikely"
82:Former director of United Kingdom's
1862:British Muslims deny war atrocities
1724:Fair, C. Christine (16 June 2010).
1402:"Prosecution moves at snail's pace"
1211:Butterfield, Fox (3 January 1972).
1041:. Penguin Books USA. pp. 29â.
1776:Cammegh, John (17 November 2011).
1559:"Ashraf-Mueen face arrest warrant"
1456:Hussain, Delwar (7 October 2009).
963:Gilligan, Andrew (15 April 2012).
828:. 13 December 2012. Archived from
603:Gilligan, Andrew (16 April 2012).
367:, famous playwright and Professor
14:
1532:Khan, Tamanna (4 November 2013).
310:In 2012, Bangladesh law minister
1939:Bangladeshi emigrants to England
1273:Nelson, Dean (3 November 2013).
524:"made mockery of that principle
1705:āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻ°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻŦ āĻ¨āĻž
1647:Hull, Jonah (3 November 2013).
1188:. 20 April 2012. Archived from
140:murder of Bengali intellectuals
545:Europe's reaction to the trial
503:Reaction of trial from defence
176:to investigate war crimes and
149:Chowdhury is a founder of the
1:
381:Santosh Chandra Bhattacharyya
329:International Crimes Tribunal
170:International Crimes Tribunal
1713:(in Bengali). 13 April 1971.
1314:Gilliat-Ray, Sophie (2010).
480:Liberation war of Bangladesh
327:On 2 May 2013, Bangladesh's
287:In 1995, a documentary film
1763:9 Bedford Row International
1676:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 59.
1673:Guide to Islamist Movements
703:"Gallows for Mueen, Ashraf"
1995:
509:Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami
425:
399:, Novelist and Journalist
387:, Professor of Cardiology
172:(ICT), established by the
142:in collaboration with the
643:. London. 3 November 2013
439:Mufazzal Haider Chaudhury
391:, eminent eye specialist
373:Mufazzal Haider Chaudhury
233:Bangladesh liberation war
136:Bangladesh Liberation War
127:
30:
1704:
1670:Rubin, Barry A. (2010).
526:, and that it served as
349:killing 18 intellectuals
301:1971 Bangladesh genocide
211:1971 Bangladesh genocide
174:government of Bangladesh
168:On 3 November 2013, the
31:
1954:Bangladeshi journalists
1341:Barker, Eileen (2008).
277:Islamic Forum of Europe
256:National Health Service
178:crimes against humanity
163:National Health Service
157:and former chairman of
151:Islamic Forum of Europe
84:National Health Service
1803:"It's internal affair"
403:, Journalist and Poet
1180:"Defender of Justice"
515:. He further alleged
499:during the 1971 War.
426:Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin
389:Mohammed Fazle Rabbee
134:committed during the
120:Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin
106:Death sentence given
95:16 counts, including
25:Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin
1518:The Jewish Chronicle
832:on 23 September 2015
726:"Hang Mueen, Ashraf"
444:The Sunday Telegraph
1565:. Dhaka. 2 May 2013
1511:(7 November 2013).
1487:(8 November 2013).
1434:The Daily Telegraph
1279:The Daily Telegraph
1035:Husain, Ed (2009).
970:The Daily Telegraph
617:on 17 February 2016
610:The Daily Telegraph
333:Ashrafuz Zaman Khan
138:which involved the
76:Former chairman of
1880:. 19 December 2004
1809:. 23 January 2013.
1782:The New York Times
1609:. 5 November 2013.
1534:"It was matricide"
1349:Ashgate Publishing
1317:Muslims in Britain
1299:ÅarÄĢpha, Ähamada.
1221:The New York Times
1192:on 2 December 2013
937:. 4 November 2013.
871:on 5 November 2013
795:on 4 November 2013
711:. 3 November 2013.
409:Serajuddin Hossain
401:Shahidullah Kaiser
393:AFM Alim Chowdhury
385:Sirajul Haque Khan
272:The Satanic Verses
228:The New York Times
194:The New York Times
92:Criminal charge(s)
1916:
1915:
1907:. 9 December 2009
1827:. 3 November 2013
1737:978-0-8330-4807-3
1710:The Daily Sangram
1683:978-0-7656-4138-0
1358:978-0-7546-6515-1
1327:978-0-521-53688-2
1132:. 3 November 2013
1104:. 4 November 2013
1048:978-0-14-311598-4
825:The Daily Ittefaq
734:. 4 November 2013
417:ANM Golam Mostafa
413:Syed Nazmul Haque
117:
116:
1986:
1849:
1837:
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1817:
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1599:
1593:
1592:
1591:. 16 April 2012.
1581:
1575:
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686:
685:
683:
681:
672:. Archived from
662:
653:
652:
650:
648:
633:
627:
626:
624:
622:
613:. Archived from
600:
492:in August 2013.
482:. According to
427:
421:Nizamuddin Ahmed
397:Mohammad Martuza
369:Munier Chowdhury
353:Ghyasuddin Ahmed
283:War crimes trial
186:Dhaka University
129:
128:āĻā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻŽāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻ¨
103:Criminal penalty
51:
48:27 November 1948
47:
45:
32:āĻā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻŽāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻ¨
21:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1895:. 17 March 2007
1867:The Independent
1860:Ward, Stephen.
1846:
1841:
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1427:
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1412:
1410:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1384:
1382:
1381:. 16 April 2012
1371:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1351:. p. 149.
1340:
1339:
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1281:
1272:
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1008:
998:
996:
995:. Dhaka Tribune
990:
989:
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476:in absentia
365:Faizul Mahi
361:Anwar Pasha
337:extradition
225:. In 1972,
201:, entitled
182:in absentia
108:in absentia
55:East Bengal
1923:Categories
1831:7 November
1787:6 November
1655:9 November
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1628:. Sky News
1543:7 November
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1227:8 February
1108:5 November
1080:3 November
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670:Muslim Aid
647:5 November
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583:References
513:"farcical"
490:Al Jazeera
299:about the
269:'s novel,
260:Muslim Aid
237:Bangladesh
235:. He fled
159:Muslim Aid
132:war crimes
78:Muslim Aid
44:1948-11-27
788:Daily Sun
297:Channel 4
207:Channel 4
1469:14 April
1413:14 April
1385:14 April
1378:Zee News
1021:BBC News
576:Razakars
564:See also
245:Pakistan
153:, and a
1743:6 March
1689:6 March
1494:New Age
1441:20 July
799:20 July
570:Al-Badr
497:Al Badr
470:Verdict
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165:(NHS).
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241:Nepal
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