693:
467:
685:
51:
334:
629:
33:
530:
692:
1475:
525:
is reported to be difficult, possibly because of several evolutionary radiations into forest environments that led to morphological aspects that are too similar to reliably distinguish separate species. The evidence given to support this is the widespread distribution of most taxa in the genus and
1457:
759:
In the laboratory settings uses in the Clean Air Study, spider plants were shown to reduce formaldehyde pollution, and approximately 70 plants would neutralize the formaldehyde released by materials in a representative (c. 167 m ) energy-efficient house, assuming each plant occupies a
505:
also has broader leaves that narrow to the base, and usually lacks a petiole and the striping on the underside of the leaf and the inflorescences are up to two times the length of the leaves. The latter two are rainforest-dwelling taxa that had been described earlier as separate species, but
711:
Spider plants are easy to grow, being able to thrive in a wide range of conditions. They will tolerate temperatures down to 2 °C (35 °F), but grow best at temperatures between 18 °C (65 °F) and 32 °C (90 °F). Plants can be damaged by high
1458:
http://www.stuartxchange.org/SpiderPlant.html#:~:text=Roots%20are%20reportedly%20edible.&text=No%20reported%20folkloric%20use%20in%20the%20Philippines.&text=In%20Chinese%20traditional%20medicine%2C%20used,treating%20bronchitis%2C%20fractures%20and%20burns
589:. A study published in 2005 used 16 morphological characters and was unable to delimit species boundaries among these three taxa, so they were relegated to varietal status. A follow-up study published in 2008 provided preliminary evidence from
754:
While the plant's ability to take up VOCs is well documented in laboratory studies, the effect of plants on indoor air in complex environments like offices requires further investigations to clarify the full capacity of plants in real-life
353:, which ranges from 2–8 cm (0.8–3.1 in) in length, becoming smaller toward the end of the inflorescence. Most of the flowers that are produced initially die off, so that relatively, the inflorescences are sparsely flowered.
617:
1268:
345:, which can reach a length of up to 75 cm (30 in) and eventually bends downward to meet the earth. Flowers initially occur in clusters of 1–6 at intervals along the stem (
569:
has slender, near linear leaves that lack a petiole similar to plants found in cultivation and is only found growing at the margins of the rainforest. The two other varieties,
708:
the plantlets, informally referred to as 'spiderettes', or 'pups', directly into potting soil attached to the main plant or cutting the running stems and then potting them.
330:, each about 5–10 cm (2–4 in) long. The long narrow leaves reach a length of 20–45 cm (8–18 in) and are around 6–25 millimetres (0.2–1.0 in) wide.
1339:
620:
regions of Africa (West
Tropical Africa, West-Central Tropical Africa, Northeast Tropical Africa, East Tropical Africa, South Tropical Africa, and Southern Africa).
2141:
1396:
1925:
1778:
215:
2146:
2181:
2191:
2041:
1687:
743:; however, these results are not applicable to typical buildings, where outdoor-to-indoor air exchange already removes volatile organic compounds (
2156:
1739:
1700:
826:
817:
2151:
2136:
1886:
1814:
557:, instead of the traditional view of morphological divergence among the varieties within the species with the assumption of a common origin (
1796:
980:
1041:
664:'Variegatum' has darker green leaves with white margins. It is generally smaller than the previous cultivar. The long stems are green.
2176:
2161:
2166:
2054:
1726:
1263:
1023:
423:, Thunberg's work on the plants of South Africa. The species was subsequently moved to a number of different genera, including
1951:
1757:
1865:
1744:
643:. The species with all-green leaves forms only a small proportion of plants sold. More common are two variegated cultivars:
1765:
822:
372:-producing anther about 3.5 mm (0.1 in) long with a filament of similar length or slightly longer. The central
1214:
785:
50:
2015:
1912:
1583:
1560:
1437:
1033:
669:
586:
2077:
1956:
1899:
1029:
940:
1783:
1161:
326:
grows to about 60 cm (24 in) tall, although as a hanging plant it can descend many feet. It has fleshy,
2186:
1752:
744:
395:" in some sources, but this term is more correctly used for stems that do not bear flowers and have roots at the
1175:
1819:
1531:
2082:
1904:
1293:"Potted plants do not improve indoor air quality: a review and analysis of reported VOC removal efficiencies"
847:
380:, 3–8 mm (0.1–0.3 in) long, on stalks (pedicels) that lengthen to up to 12 mm (0.5 in).
1666:
1479:
549:
of leaf shape among the forest-dwelling varieties from species of disparate origin, leading to the species
1661:
1493:
1588:
1080:
Poulsen, AD, and I Nordal. 2005. A phenetic analysis and revision of Guineo-Congolean rainforest taxa of
747:) at a rate that could only be matched by the placement of 10–1000 plants/m of a building's floor space.
2171:
673:
658:. The long stems are white. There is also a "curly" version with this type of striping and compact size.
497:
leaves with stripes on the underside and the inflorescences are 2–3 times the length of the leaves; and
185:
164:
1705:
808:
1679:
1575:
960:
Howell, J.T., P.H. Raven & P. Rubtzoff. 1958. Flora of San
Francisco. Wasmann J. Biology 16:1-155.
2069:
1806:
1622:
732:
546:
507:
466:
2131:
1189:
412:
253:
181:
1891:
1614:
1097:
Bjorå, CS, A Hemp, G Hoell, and I Nordal. 2008. A taxonomic and ecological analysis of two forest
597:
and nuclear DNA sequences that established samples from disparate collections sites identified as
364:
that are 6–9 mm (0.2–0.4 in) long and slightly hooded or boat-shaped at their tips. The
2103:
1964:
1674:
1429:
1370:
1320:
526:
poor seed dispersal, leading to the conclusion of deeper evolutionary divergence among the taxa.
193:
45:
2028:
1840:
1596:
1362:
1312:
388:
333:
292:
982:
PlantNET - The Plant
Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust
1845:
1419:
1411:
1354:
1340:"Can ornamental potted plants remove volatile organic compounds from indoor air? – a review"
1304:
628:
585:, possess petioles and have broader leaves necessary for collecting more light in the shady
538:
494:
475:
377:
357:
1827:
1037:
288:
284:
272:
269:
88:
32:
1143:
750:
The results also failed to replicate in future studies, with a 2014 review stating that:
1653:
1542:
903:
768:
The tuberous roots are reportedly edible (whether raw or cooked unstated) although mild
529:
1930:
1878:
1873:
880:
651:
650:'Vittatum' has mid-green leaves with a broad central white stripe. It is often sold in
373:
346:
75:
2125:
1374:
1324:
590:
387:
at the tips of their branches, which eventually droop and touch the soil, developing
342:
101:
1433:
1292:
1118:
684:
2108:
2033:
1969:
1601:
1062:
773:
736:
705:
602:
554:
511:
280:
276:
141:
121:
2020:
1855:
1162:"Chlorophytum comosum 'Variegatum' (v) | variegated spider ivy/RHS Gardening"
2007:
1996:
1565:
882:
Spider Plant
Production Guide (CFREC-Apopka Foliage Plant Research Note RH-91-33)
735:
suggested that air plants were effective at removing common household air toxins
1917:
1770:
1713:
1525:
1176:"Chlorophytum comosum 'Vittatum' (v) | spider ivy 'Vittatum'/RHS Gardening"
312:
111:
1552:
1516:
1397:"Foliage plants for removing indoor air pollutants from energy-efficient homes"
616:
has a widespread native distribution in Africa, being native to six of the ten
1358:
1308:
1239:
640:
396:
304:
296:
131:
360:) some 4–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long. Each flower has six triply veined
1648:
1635:
1424:
558:
384:
266:
2095:
1943:
1366:
1316:
723:
Spider plants are non-toxic to humans and pets, and are considered edible.
1832:
1474:
2090:
1990:
1938:
1791:
1510:
769:
713:
655:
308:
2046:
1692:
1609:
1415:
594:
392:
262:
1718:
885:, Central Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida
740:
429:
369:
365:
1487:
934:
2059:
1731:
1640:
1018:
717:
691:
683:
627:
528:
485:
has strap-shaped narrow leaves and is found along forest margins;
361:
350:
332:
327:
291:
but has become naturalized in other parts of the world, including
62:
1627:
1491:
1395:
Wolverton, B. C.; McDonald, Rebecca C.; Watkins, E. A. (1984).
985:, Sydney, Australia: The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust
760:
3.8 L (0.84 imp gal; 1.0 US gal) pot.
376:
is 3–8 mm (0.1–0.3 in) long. Seeds are produced in a
1338:
Dela Cruz, M; Christensen, JH; Thomsen, JD; Müller, R (2014).
383:
The inflorescences carry not only flowers but also vegetative
1297:
Journal of
Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology
1076:
1074:
618:
307:
because of its resilience, but it can be sensitive to the
1269:
American
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
1019:"Anthericum comosum Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 63 (1794)"
349:) of the inflorescence. Each cluster is at the base of a
474:
There are three described varieties of the species: the
356:
Individual flowers are greenish-white, borne on stalks (
632:'Variegatum' in a hanging basket showing the plantlets
391:. The stems (scapes) of the inflorescence are called "
1291:
Cummings, Bryan E.; Waring, Michael S. (March 2020).
1101:
1005:
The
Cambridge Illustrated Glossary of Botanical Terms
879:
Poole, R.T.; Chase, A.R. & Osborne, L.S. (1991),
1195:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 18
521:
Delimitation of species boundaries within the genus
311:
in tap water, which commonly gives it "burnt tips".
1980:
1500:
458:by some authors, but this is a different species.
1452:
1450:
1119:"Spider Plant Care: Growing Chlorophytum Comosum"
1113:
1111:
910:. South African National Biodiversity Institute
752:
1456:Stuartxchange Philippine Alternative Medicine
970:
968:
966:
8:
1347:Environmental Science and Pollution Research
444:, before receiving its current placement in
874:
872:
870:
868:
239:due to its spider-like look, also known as
1488:
936:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
31:
20:
1460:. Retrieved at 11.09 on Saturday 10/8/24.
1423:
341:Flowers are produced in a long, branched
1086:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
975:McCune, S. & Hardin, D. W. (1994), "
465:
929:
927:
925:
827:United States Department of Agriculture
818:Germplasm Resources Information Network
797:
803:
801:
2142:Flora of West-Central Tropical Africa
902:Ernst van Jaarsveld (November 2012).
7:
2070:1c62886f-0f45-42bb-ad69-943b09847fa5
1957:4c3ae8e2-4f99-468d-8b6e-0bc49385fc33
1807:cb074cee-a17c-4dea-ab94-15df8f885e5e
1042:Australian National Botanic Gardens
951:, search for "Chlorophytum comosum"
451:The species has been confused with
2147:Flora of Northeast Tropical Africa
14:
2182:Taxa named by Carl Peter Thunberg
514:reduced the taxa to varieties of
2192:Garden plants of Southern Africa
2083:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:530288-1
1905:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:532810-1
1473:
1144:"Spider Plant Growing Long Stem"
848:"Airplane Plant or Spider Plant"
696:Plant seed taken on a microscope
407:The first formal description of
49:
1103:Plant Systematics and Evolution
1024:International Plant Names Index
939:, The Board of Trustees of the
668:Both cultivars have gained the
470:Fleshy roots of pot-grown plant
2157:Flora of South Tropical Africa
411:was by the Swedish naturalist
1:
2152:Flora of East Tropical Africa
2137:Flora of West Tropical Africa
1064:Prodromus Plantarum Capensium
1007:. Cambridge University Press.
1003:Hickey, M.; King, C. (2001).
823:Agricultural Research Service
688:Plantlets and budding flowers
421:Prodromus Plantarum Capensium
1061:Thunberg, Carl Peter. 1794.
786:List of air-filtering plants
776:of its native South Africa.
545:could be an example of this
315:forms are the most popular.
1034:Harvard University Herbaria
772:effects are claimed by the
670:Royal Horticultural Society
587:Guineo-Congolean rainforest
2208:
1030:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
941:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
16:Species of flowering plant
1359:10.1007/s11356-014-3240-x
1309:10.1038/s41370-019-0175-9
1190:"AGM Plants - Ornamental"
409:Chlorophytum comosum
199:
192:
170:
163:
46:Scientific classification
44:
39:
30:
23:
2177:Plants described in 1794
2162:Flora of Southern Africa
1219:www.gardeningknowhow.com
704:commonly occurs through
462:Intra-specific variation
2167:Garden plants of Africa
1238:Almanac, Old Farmer's.
417:Anthericum comosum
251:(a name it shares with
203:Anthericum comosum
904:"Chlorophytum comosum"
757:
697:
689:
633:
534:
471:
419:in the 1794 volume of
338:
695:
687:
674:Award of Garden Merit
631:
591:phylogenetic analysis
532:
469:
336:
303:is easy to grow as a
1856:Chlorophytum_comosum
1797:Chlorophytum~comosum
1680:Chlorophytum comosum
1532:Chlorophytum comosum
1502:Chlorophytum comosum
1484:at Wikimedia Commons
1481:Chlorophytum comosum
1244:Old Farmer's Almanac
977:Chlorophytum comosum
811:Chlorophytum comosum
733:NASA Clean Air Study
702:Chlorophytum comosum
637:Chlorophytum comosum
614:Chlorophytum comosum
547:convergent evolution
537:The three described
508:Axel Dalberg Poulsen
453:Chlorophytum capense
448:by Jacques in 1862.
337:Flower of 'Vittatum'
324:Chlorophytum comosum
301:Chlorophytum comosum
228:Chlorophytum comosum
174:Chlorophytum comosum
40:'Vittatum' cultivar
25:Chlorophytum comosum
1353:(24): 13909–13928.
979:(Thunb.) Jacques",
413:Carl Peter Thunberg
254:Dracaena sanderiana
237:common spider plant
1982:Anthericum comosum
1443:on April 27, 2015.
1416:10.1007/BF02858837
1123:plantcaretoday.com
698:
690:
676:(confirmed 2017).
634:
561:). The widespread
535:
472:
389:adventitious roots
339:
2119:
2118:
1841:Open Tree of Life
1494:Taxon identifiers
1478:Media related to
1084:(Anthericaceae).
457:
439:
293:Western Australia
231:, usually called
224:
223:
218:
207:
2199:
2187:Low light plants
2112:
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2099:
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1771:NBNSYS0200003547
1761:
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1534:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1489:
1477:
1461:
1454:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1436:. Archived from
1427:
1425:2060/19860066312
1401:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1344:
1335:
1329:
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992:
990:
972:
961:
958:
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950:
949:
947:
931:
920:
919:
917:
915:
908:PlantZAfrica.com
899:
893:
892:
891:
890:
876:
863:
862:
860:
858:
844:
838:
837:
835:
833:
805:
727:Air purification
455:
437:
259:hen and chickens
213:
211:Hartwegia comosa
205:
176:
54:
53:
35:
21:
2207:
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2202:
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2200:
2198:
2197:
2196:
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2094:
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2076:
2068:
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2058:
2053:
2045:
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2032:
2027:
2019:
2014:
2006:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1976:
1968:
1963:
1955:
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1828:Observation.org
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1404:Economic Botany
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1332:
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1240:"Spider Plants"
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1155:
1150:. 26 July 2021.
1142:
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1105:, 274: 243-253.
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782:
766:
729:
682:
654:to display the
652:hanging baskets
626:
611:
599:C. comosum
579:C. comosum
571:C. comosum
563:C. comosum
551:C. comosum
543:C. comosum
516:C. comosum
499:C. comosum
487:C. comosum
479:C. comosum
464:
405:
321:
289:Southern Africa
273:flowering plant
188:
178:
172:
159:
156:C. comosum
48:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2205:
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2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2109:wfo-0000760251
2100:
2087:
2074:
2064:
2051:
2038:
2025:
2012:
2002:
1986:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1970:wfo-0000763291
1961:
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1468:External links
1466:
1463:
1462:
1446:
1410:(2): 224–228.
1387:
1330:
1303:(2): 253–261.
1283:
1264:"Spider Plant"
1255:
1230:
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1181:
1167:
1153:
1148:indoormint.com
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404:
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328:tuberous roots
320:
317:
275:of the family
245:airplane plant
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663:
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646:
645:
644:
642:
639:is a popular
638:
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623:
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504:
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493:has broader,
492:
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371:
368:consist of a
367:
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354:
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348:
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343:inflorescence
335:
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217:
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187:
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177:
175:
169:
166:
165:Binomial name
162:
158:
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149:
148:
145:
144:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
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110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
76:Tracheophytes
74:
71:
68:
67:
64:
61:
58:
57:
52:
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
2172:House plants
1981:
1501:
1480:
1438:the original
1407:
1403:
1390:
1378:. Retrieved
1350:
1346:
1333:
1300:
1296:
1286:
1274:. Retrieved
1267:
1258:
1247:. Retrieved
1243:
1233:
1222:. Retrieved
1218:
1209:
1197:. Retrieved
1184:
1170:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1126:. Retrieved
1122:
1102:
1099:Chlorophytum
1098:
1093:
1088:, 148: 1-20.
1085:
1082:Chlorophytum
1081:
1063:
1057:
1047:26 September
1045:. Retrieved
1022:
1013:
1004:
998:
989:27 September
987:, retrieved
981:
976:
956:
946:26 September
944:, retrieved
935:
912:. Retrieved
907:
897:
887:, retrieved
881:
855:. Retrieved
851:
842:
830:. Retrieved
816:
810:
774:Nguni people
767:
758:
753:
749:
737:formaldehyde
730:
722:
710:
701:
700:Propagating
699:
667:
661:
647:
636:
635:
613:
612:
609:Distribution
603:polyphyletic
598:
582:
578:
575:sparsiflorum
574:
570:
566:
562:
555:polyphyletic
550:
542:
536:
533:'Variegatum'
523:Chlorophytum
522:
520:
515:
512:Inger Nordal
503:sparsiflorum
502:
498:
490:
486:
482:
478:
473:
452:
450:
446:Chlorophytum
445:
441:
434:
428:
424:
420:
416:
408:
406:
382:
355:
340:
323:
322:
300:
277:Asparagaceae
258:
252:
249:ribbon plant
248:
244:
240:
236:
233:spider plant
232:
227:
226:
225:
210:
202:
173:
171:
155:
154:
143:Chlorophytum
142:
122:Asparagaceae
95:
82:
69:
24:
18:
1714:iNaturalist
1526:Wikispecies
1215:"StackPath"
680:Propagation
624:Cultivation
319:Description
128:Subfamily:
112:Asparagales
89:Angiosperms
2132:Agavoideae
2126:Categories
1879:kew-302261
1874:Plant List
1249:2020-11-13
1224:2020-11-13
1199:24 January
889:2011-09-26
792:References
662:C. comosum
648:C. comosum
641:houseplant
583:bipindense
506:botanists
491:bipindense
425:Phalangium
313:Variegated
305:houseplant
297:Bangladesh
241:spider ivy
132:Agavoideae
1997:Q38487622
1667:200027595
1649:FloraBase
1380:15 August
1375:207272189
1325:207911697
1038:Libraries
764:Edibility
755:settings.
656:plantlets
559:monophyly
539:varieties
518:in 2005.
495:petiolate
456:(L.) Voss
435:Hartwegia
385:plantlets
270:perennial
267:evergreen
214:(Thunb.)
150:Species:
59:Kingdom:
2096:18403736
2091:Tropicos
2060:530288-1
1991:Wikidata
1952:VicFlora
1944:18400554
1939:Tropicos
1853:PalDat:
1792:NSWFlora
1732:532810-1
1517:Q1164349
1511:Wikidata
1434:41933312
1367:25056742
1317:31695112
1276:17 April
1128:17 April
914:June 27,
857:March 2,
852:txmg.org
832:17 March
780:See also
770:laxative
720:levels.
714:fluoride
403:Taxonomy
358:pedicels
309:fluoride
285:tropical
279:. It is
194:Synonyms
118:Family:
102:Monocots
2047:2774853
1931:4117-10
1753:MoBotPF
1693:2774846
1628:1086761
1610:Ecocrop
1576:32-55-2
1271:(ASPCA)
706:potting
595:plastid
567:comosum
483:comosum
476:autonym
393:stolons
378:capsule
366:stamens
263:species
261:, is a
257:), and
186:Jacques
138:Genus:
108:Order:
63:Plantae
2067:NZOR:
2021:202802
2005:APDB:
1892:CHCO28
1887:PLANTS
1846:777911
1833:212532
1804:NZOR:
1758:281868
1745:810167
1719:322492
1589:196499
1573:APSA:
1540:AoFP:
1432:
1373:
1365:
1323:
1315:
1068:p. 63.
1036:&
1026:(IPNI)
741:xylene
553:being
442:Hollia
440:, and
430:Caesia
370:pollen
362:tepals
281:native
206:Thunb.
182:Thunb.
2034:5VB68
2008:34102
1926:SANBI
1863:PFI:
1815:NZPCN
1784:34182
1706:10301
1675:FoAO2
1654:20659
1641:CFYCO
1615:34722
1602:69XQP
1566:66255
1550:APA:
1441:(PDF)
1430:S2CID
1400:(PDF)
1371:S2CID
1343:(PDF)
1321:S2CID
1193:(PDF)
718:boron
601:were
581:var.
573:var.
565:var.
501:var.
489:var.
481:var.
397:nodes
374:style
351:bract
347:scape
96:Clade
83:Clade
70:Clade
2078:POWO
2055:IPNI
2042:GBIF
2016:APNI
1918:3761
1900:POWO
1866:8437
1820:4532
1779:NCBI
1740:ITIS
1727:IPNI
1701:GRIN
1688:GBIF
1636:EPPO
1584:BOLD
1561:APNI
1553:5492
1543:4153
1382:2018
1363:PMID
1313:PMID
1278:2021
1201:2018
1130:2021
1049:2011
991:2011
948:2011
916:2016
859:2024
834:2008
745:VOCs
739:and
731:The
577:and
510:and
438:Nees
295:and
287:and
216:Nees
2104:WFO
2029:CoL
1965:WFO
1913:RHS
1766:NBN
1662:FNA
1623:EoL
1597:CoL
1420:hdl
1412:doi
1355:doi
1305:doi
716:or
672:'s
593:of
541:in
415:as
283:to
265:of
235:or
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2031::
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1993::
1967::
1954::
1941::
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1781::
1768::
1755::
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1729::
1716::
1703::
1690::
1677::
1664::
1651::
1638::
1625::
1612::
1599::
1586::
1563::
1528::
1513::
1449:^
1428:.
1418:.
1408:38
1406:.
1402:.
1369:.
1361:.
1351:21
1349:.
1345:.
1319:.
1311:.
1301:30
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1295:.
1266:.
1242:.
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1146:.
1121:.
1110:^
1073:^
1040:;
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1028:.
1021:.
965:^
924:^
906:.
867:^
850:.
825:,
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800:^
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433:,
427:,
399:.
299:.
247:,
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98::
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1227:.
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1178:.
1164:.
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1066:.
1051:.
918:.
861:.
836:.
813:"
809:"
180:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
