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Chladni continued to develop his record of meteorite sightings throughout the next several decades as well as amassing a collection of meteorite samples. He donated this collection to the
Mineralogical Museum of Berlin University in 1827 and it now resides in the Museum of Natural History at Humboldt
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origin. He argued that this would explain the high speeds of the falling masses as well as linking the masses to the fireballs; they glow intensely bright as they enter the Earth's atmosphere. He hypothesized that these meteorites were chunks of material that had either never been consolidated in the
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sky in
November 1791. Inspired by this report, Chladni researched reports of similar phenomena as well as reports of other falling masses across Europe and North America within the last century. Based on the uniformity among these sightings, he concluded that the phenomena of fireballs and falling
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Chladni studied law and philosophy in
Wittenberg and Leipzig, obtaining a law degree from the University of Leipzig in 1782. That same year, his father died and he turned to physics in earnest. He gave lectures on law, mathematics, and natural sciences at the University of Wittenberg from 1783 to
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New York City, New York, US: Macmillan Co. pp. 101–102. From p. 100: "As I was scraping a brass plate with a sharp iron chisel in order to remove some spots from it and was running the chisel rather rapidly over it, I once or twice, during many strokes, heard the plate emit a rather strong and
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Biot, J.-B. (1803). "Relation d'un voyage fait dans le département de l'Orne pour constater la réalité d'un météore observé à l'Aigle le 6 floréal an XI" [Account of a trip made in the department of Orne to note the reality of a meteor observed at l'Aigle on 6 Floréal year XI].
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in northern France that had peppered the town with thousands of meteorite fragments. Unlike
Chladni's book and the scientific publication by Howard and de Bournon, Biot's lively report became popular and persuaded more people to take Chladni's insights seriously.
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Chladni estimated sound velocities in different gases by placing those gases in an organ pipe and measuring the characteristics of the sounds that emerged when the pipe was played. This built on work on measuring the speed of sound in air that
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Chladni's father, Ernst Martin
Chladni (1715–1782), was a law professor and rector of the University of Wittenberg. He had joined the law faculty there in 1746. Chladni's mother was Johanna Sophia and he was an
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Chladni's book was initially ridiculed by contemporary physicists, including
Lichtenberg. Still, his writings sparked a curiosity that eventually led to more researchers supporting his theory. In 1795, a large
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J. Michael McBride, "Chladni
Figures and One-Electron Atoms", Lecture #9, Freshman Organic Chemistry (CHEM 125) course, Open Yale Courses, Yale University, video recorded Fall 2008, accessed on YouTube,
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424:. Chladni's uncle, Justus Georg Chladni (1701–1765), was a law professor at the university. Another uncle, Johann Martin Chladni (1710–1759), was a theologian, a historian and a professor at the
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Chladni's insights have led some in the field to call him the "father of meteoritics" while others have been more conservative with their appraisal of
Chladni's contributions to the field.
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had observed vibrational patterns in a brass plate as early as 1638. See: Galilei, Galileo; Crew, Henry and de Salvio, Alfonso, trans. (first published in
Italian 1638; 1914)
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2340:"Experiments and Observations on certain stony and metalline Substances, which at different Times are said to have fallen on the Earth; also on various Kinds of native Iron"
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Chladni had visited the Paris
Academy in 1808 and had demonstrated the vibration patterns before an audience that included not only the leading French scientists but
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766:, in 1762. Franklin's armonica inspired several other instruments, including two created by Chladni. In 1791, Chladni invented the musical instrument called the
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McCoy, T.J.; Steele, I.M.; Keil, K.; Leonard, B.F.; Endreβ, M. (1994). "Chladniite, Na2CaMg7(PO4)6: A new mineral from the Carlton (IIICD) iron meteorite".
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2422:"I. A new catalogue of meteoric stones, masses of meteoric iron, and other substances, the fall of which has been made known, down to the present time"
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Knöfel, A., and J. Rendtel. "Chladni and the cosmic origin of fireballs and meteorites. Two hundred years of meteor astronomy and meteorite science."
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clear whistling sound; on looking at the plate more carefully, I noticed a long row of fine streaks parallel and equidistant from one another."
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1937:
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774:), consisting of glass rods of different pitches. Chladni's euphon is the direct ancestor of the modern day musical instrument known as the
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McCoy, T. J.; Steele, I. M.; Keil, K.; Leonard, B. F.; Endress, M. (1993). "Chladniite: A New Mineral Honoring the Father of Meteoritics".
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Relation d'un voyage fait dans le département de l'Orne pour constater la réalité d'un météore observé à l'Aigle le 6 floréal an XI
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505:, a plate or membrane is divided into regions that vibrate in opposite directions, bounded by lines where no vibration occurs (
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P. Chen, Z. Luo, S. Guven, S. Tasoglu, A. Weng, A. V. Ganesan, U. Demirci, Advanced Materials 2014, 10.1002/adma.201402079.
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Kurze Übersicht der Schall und Klanglehre, nebst einem Anhange die Entwickelung und Anordnung der Tonverhältnisse betreffend
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was sufficiently impressed by a verrillon performance on a visit to London in 1757 that he created his own instrument, the
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Account of a trip made in the department of Orne to note the reality of a meteor observed at l'Aigle on 6 Floréal year XI
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a few hundred kilometers away, no similar volcanoes exists within the same range of Wold Newton, with the closest being
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Marvin, Ursula B. (1996). "Ernst florens Friedrich Chladni (1756–1827) and the origins of modern meteorite research".
2186:
Marvin, Ursula B. (1996). "Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756–1827) and the origins of modern meteorite research".
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412:. Chladni's grandfather, Martin Chladni (1669–1725), was also a Lutheran theologian and, in 1710, became professor of
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Variations of this technique are still commonly used in the design and construction of acoustic instruments such as
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780:. Chladni also improved on Hooke's "musical cylinder" to produce another instrument, the clavicylinder, in 1799.
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and Others Similar to it, and on Some Associated Natural Phenomena") in 1794. In this book he proposed that
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448:. His father disapproved of his son's interest in science and insisted that Chladni would become a lawyer.
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562:. Since the 20th century, it has become more common to place a loudspeaker driven by an electronic
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Chladni came from an educated family of academics and learned men. Chladni's great-grandfather, the
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2161:"Les Sculptures Sonores: The Sound Sculptures of Bernard and Francois Baschet" by Francois Baschet
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is now known to exist. This observation factored into his account for the origins of meteorites.
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Mémoires de la Classe des Sciences Mathématiques et Physiques de l'Institut National de France
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Harmonious Triads: Physicists, Musicians, and Instrument Makers in Nineteenth-Century Germany
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547:'s answer, although rejected due to flaws, was the only entry with the correct approach.
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One of Chladni's best-known achievements was inventing a technique to show the various
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A mineral, first described in 1993 from the Carlton (IIICD) iron meteorite, was named
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420:. He was dean of the theology faculty in 1720–1721 and later became the university's
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1651:Über den Ursprung der von Pallas gefundenen und anderer ihr ähnlicher Eisenmassen
532:. Similar nodal patterns can also be found by assembling microscale materials on
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1705:, a photographer who uses Chladni's work when creating images of liquid surfaces
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formation of larger masses or were debris from the formation and destruction of
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Chladni travelled throughout Europe with his instruments giving demonstrations.
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along the edge of a plate covered with flour and saw the nodal patterns emerge.
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Chladni became interested in meteoritics following a conversation he had with
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318:. His most important work, for which he is sometimes labeled as the father of
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1786:"Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni, or Ernst F. F. Chladni (German physicist)"
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2240:(Riga, Latvia: Johann Friedrich Hartknoch, 1794). Available on-line at:
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clergyman Georg Chladni (1637–1692), had left Kremnica in 1673 during the
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over or under the plate to achieve a more accurate adjustable frequency.
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2150:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 956.
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for one-electron atoms, and the mathematics describing them was used by
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2000:
P. 101 Oxford Dictionary of Scientists – Oxford University Press – 1999
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1792. During this time, he began his first experiments with acoustics.
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Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni, German physicist, 1802 Image Preview
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himself; Napoleon set a prize for the best mathematical explanation.
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due to the various shapes or patterns created by various modes. When
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An explanation on how to construct a Chladni plate for the classroom
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50:
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associated with the vibrations of glass plates. Hooke ran a violin
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http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.201402079/abstract
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2010:
Hooke, Robert (1935). Robinson, Henry W.; Adams, Walter (eds.).
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Beiträge zur praktischen Akustik und zur Lehre vom Instrumentbau
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Examples with round, square, stadium plates and violin shapes
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Short biography, bibliography, and links on digitized sources
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1505:. Although that event had been attributed to an eruption of
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252:
2012:
The Diary of Robert Hooke, M.A., M.D., F.R.S., 1672–1680 …
2544:
Prime Mystery: The Life and Mathematics of Sophie Germain
2344:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
524:
Chladni's technique, first published in 1787 in his book
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Chladni figure on a rectangular plate supported in center
243:
2261:(2nd ed.). Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
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was observed during its fall to Earth at a cottage near
1424:
about a fireball that Lichtenberg supposedly saw in the
2325:, www.jstor.org/stable/4018119. Accessed 16 March 2020.
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Use of Chladni patterns in the construction of violins
2242:
Saxon State and University Library at Dresden, Germany
1711:, a guitar causing particular forms of Chladni figures
2654:, 1802 by Ernst Chladni at Universities of Strasbourg
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WGN, Journal of the International Meteor Organization
2014:. London, England: Taylor & Francis. p. 448.
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to arrive at the understanding of electron orbitals.
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1671:Über die Hervorbringung der menschlichen Sprachlaute
334:. He also undertook pioneering work in the study of
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32:"Chladni" redirects here. For the lunar crater, see
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750:Since at least 1738, a musical instrument called a
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509:). Chladni repeated the pioneering experiments of
2671:Simulated Chladni patterns on a rectangular plate
2659:Video of Chladni patterns through frequency range
1904:(Online), Issue Volume 145, Number 1, June 2007,
1888:– Special Topics, Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg,
2645:Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
2526:Eric Weisstein's World of Scientific Biography
1754:
1752:
1587:and today the city of Wrocław in southwestern
770:(not to be confused with the brass instrument
307:; 30 November 1756 – 3 April 1827) was a
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2107:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). p. 956.
8:
1925:The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers
1436:("On the Origin of the Iron Masses Found by
439:Chladni's method of creating Chladni figures
29:German physicist, mathematician and musician
2711:Other pictures of Chladni can be viewed at
2083:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5kYLE8GhAuE
1975:An Early History of the Telephone 1664-1865
399:"Entdeckungen über die Theorie des Klanges"
389:Martin Chladni, Ernst Chladni's grandfather
370:. Chladni has therefore been identified as
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2407:] (in French). Paris, France: Baudoin.
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1964:
1962:
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1956:
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38:
2626:, American Journal of Physics 50, 271–274
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1613:Entdeckungen über die Theorie des Klanges
526:Entdeckungen über die Theorie des Klanges
338:and is regarded by some as the father of
304:[ɛʁnstˈfloːʁɛnsˈfʁiːdʁɪçˈkladniː]
2692:Electromagnetically driven Chladni plate
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1996:
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2321:, vol. 148, no. 16, 1995, pp. 248–249.
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513:who, on 8 July, 1680, had observed the
2294:. Vol. 3. Harper. p. 168ff.
469:Chladni patterns of a guitar backplate
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2331:
2313:
2311:
2181:
2179:
2177:
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2163:, Author(s) of Review: Rahma Khazam,
2030:Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences
302:
7:
3161:People from the Electorate of Saxony
2420:Chladni, E. F. F. (10 August 2009).
2169:, Vol. 33, No. 4 (2000), pp. 336–337
1735:"Whipple Collections: Ernst Chladni"
1624:, Leipzig 1802. French translation:
2717:Science and Society Picture Library
2259:Meteorites and Their Parent Planets
2188:Meteoritics & Planetary Science
1808:Science and Society Picture Library
789:Bowed plaque instruments - Chladni
366:and today a mining town in central
2702:Chladni patterns for guitar plates
2624:Chladni's Law for Vibrating Plates
2608:10.1111/j.1945-5100.1996.tb02031.x
2499:Physics Department. Archived from
2236:Chladni, Ernst Florens Friedrich,
2208:10.1111/j.1945-5100.1996.tb02031.x
326:plates and the calculation of the
25:
1971:"Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni"
1882:"Life and work of E.F.F. Chladni"
1715:Vibrations of a circular membrane
1575:Chladni died on 3 April 1827, in
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1477:and a piece of it, known as the
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3171:German people of Slovak descent
1607:"Entdeckungen über die Theorie"
1526:French Minister of the Interior
220:Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni
3181:19th-century German physicists
3156:18th-century German physicists
2282:Williams, Henry Smith (1904).
2134:Schlesinger, Kathleen (1911).
2095:Schlesinger, Kathleen (1911).
2061:San Diego Supercomputer Center
485:Another mode of the same plate
1:
2744:Ernst Chladni at Monoskop.org
2317:Ron Cowen. “After the Fall.”
2119:with inventing the verrillon.
2057:"Revolutionary Mathematician"
1886:The European Physical Journal
1605:First page of a 1787 copy of
1517:. In 1803, the physicist and
493:on a rigid surface, known as
397:Title page of a 1787 copy of
358:, his family originated from
350:Although Chladni was born in
1530:a meteor shower over L'Aigle
1416:Contributions to meteoritics
2547:. AuthorHouse. p. 52.
2491:Kverno, Derek; Nolen, Jim.
1910:10.1140/epjst/e2007-00145-4
1422:Georg Christoph Lichtenberg
198:Georg Christoph Lichtenberg
3197:
3166:Scientists from Wittenberg
2522:Chladni, Ernst (1756–1827)
2493:"History of Chladni's Law"
2426:The Philosophical Magazine
2395:Reprinted as a pamphlet:
2257:McSween, Harry Y. (1999).
1656:HathiTrust Digital Library
135:Chladni plates and figures
31:
3115:
2827:
2578:Jackson, Myles W. (2006)
2438:10.1080/14786442608674005
1969:Daniel P McVeigh (2000).
1737:. University of Cambridge
1630:Neue Beiträge zur Akustik
788:
213:
160:
48:
2737:University of Nottingham
2109:The 1911 edition of the
1524:was commissioned by the
1432:This led him to publish
1429:masses must be genuine.
418:University of Wittenberg
2796:Architectural acoustics
2600:1996M&PS...31..545M
2338:Howard, Edward (1802).
2200:1996M&PS...31..545M
2147:Encyclopædia Britannica
2112:Encyclopædia Britannica
2104:Encyclopædia Britannica
1922:Hockey, Thomas (2009).
1791:Encyclopædia Britannica
322:, included research on
2883:Fletcher–Munson curves
2878:Equal-loudness contour
2788:Acoustical engineering
2723:Bowley, Roger (2009).
2365:10.1098/rstl.1802.0009
1703:Alexander Lauterwasser
1628:, Paris 1809. Also in
1609:
1540:University of Berlin.
1479:Wold Cottage meteorite
1408:
1389:
1368:
1349:
1330:
1311:
1292:
1273:
1252:
1233:
1214:
1195:
1176:
1157:
1136:
1117:
1098:
1079:
1060:
1041:
1020:
1001:
982:
963:
944:
925:
904:
885:
866:
847:
828:
809:
742:
486:
478:
470:
440:
426:University of Erlangen
401:
390:
182:University of Erlangen
3176:Meteorite researchers
3019:Hermann von Helmholtz
2917:Fundamental frequency
2821:Sympathetic resonance
2622:Rossing T. D. (1982)
2466:American Mineralogist
1698:Hans Jenny (cymatics)
1604:
1406:
1387:
1366:
1347:
1328:
1309:
1290:
1271:
1250:
1231:
1212:
1193:
1174:
1155:
1134:
1115:
1096:
1077:
1058:
1039:
1018:
999:
980:
961:
942:
923:
902:
883:
864:
845:
826:
807:
740:
484:
476:
468:
438:
430:University of Leipzig
396:
388:
186:University of Leipzig
2397:Biot, J.-B. (1803).
2290:A History of Science
1658:, Leipzig/Riga 1794.
575:Schrödinger equation
208:Ernst Heinrich Weber
106:German Confederation
3039:Werner Meyer-Eppler
2949:Missing fundamental
2541:(23 January 2015).
2478:1994AmMin..79..375M
2454:22 (1994): 217–219.
2356:1802RSPT...92..168H
1930:Springer Publishing
1842:1998AmSci..86..342M
1773:1993Metic..28Q.394M
1626:Traite d'acoustique
1583:, then part of the
1555:Chladni discovered
1481:, was given to the
746:Musical instruments
410:Counter Reformation
362:, then part of the
2922:Frequency spectrum
2678:(Accessed 5/18/14)
2666:(Accessed 5/31/08)
2641:Virtual Laboratory
2503:on 17 October 2016
1856:on 23 January 2008
1850:10.1511/1998.4.342
1829:American Scientist
1794:: Related Articles
1610:
1585:Kingdom of Prussia
1522:Jean Baptiste Biot
1499:Jacques de Bournon
1409:
1390:
1369:
1350:
1331:
1312:
1293:
1274:
1253:
1234:
1215:
1196:
1177:
1158:
1137:
1118:
1099:
1080:
1061:
1042:
1021:
1002:
983:
964:
945:
926:
905:
886:
867:
848:
829:
810:
743:
491:modes of vibration
487:
479:
471:
441:
402:
391:
364:Kingdom of Hungary
3133:
3132:
3095:Musical acoustics
2927:harmonic spectrum
2725:"Chladni's Plate"
2539:Musielak, Dora E.
2301:978-0-250-40142-0
2268:978-0-521-58303-9
2137:"Harmonica"
2098:"Harmonica"
1939:978-0-387-31022-0
1824:"Good Vibrations"
1820:McLaughlin, Joyce
1663:Über Feuermeteore
1413:
1412:
1404:
1385:
1364:
1345:
1326:
1307:
1288:
1269:
1248:
1229:
1210:
1191:
1172:
1153:
1132:
1113:
1094:
1075:
1056:
1037:
1016:
997:
978:
959:
940:
921:
900:
881:
862:
843:
824:
805:
760:Benjamin Franklin
735:
734:
579:Erwin Schrödinger
571:quantum mechanics
217:
216:
204:Doctoral students
162:Scientific career
16:(Redirected from
3188:
3123:
3122:
3024:Carleen Hutchins
2956:Combination tone
2843:
2836:
2816:String vibration
2773:
2766:
2759:
2750:
2740:
2672:
2660:
2619:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2535:
2529:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2497:Davidson College
2488:
2482:
2481:
2461:
2455:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2417:
2411:
2408:
2392:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2335:
2326:
2315:
2306:
2305:
2293:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2254:
2245:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2183:
2170:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2139:
2131:
2122:
2121:
2100:
2092:
2086:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1983:
1982:
1981:on 7 March 2013.
1977:. Archived from
1966:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1919:
1913:
1879:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1852:. Archived from
1816:
1810:
1801:
1795:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1756:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1731:
1693:Bessel functions
1652:
1638:, Leipzig 1821 (
1491:who, along with
1446:extraterrestrial
1405:
1386:
1365:
1346:
1327:
1308:
1289:
1270:
1249:
1230:
1211:
1192:
1173:
1154:
1133:
1114:
1095:
1076:
1057:
1038:
1017:
998:
979:
960:
941:
922:
901:
882:
863:
844:
825:
806:
786:
731:
726:
721:
716:
707:
702:
697:
692:
683:
678:
673:
668:
659:
654:
649:
644:
635:
630:
625:
620:
611:
606:
601:
596:
587:Chladni figures
584:
564:signal generator
499:Chladni patterns
306:
301:
297:
296:
293:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
267:
259:
258:
255:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
229:
193:Doctoral advisor
93:
91:
68:
66:
61:30 November 1756
53:
39:
34:Chladni (crater)
21:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3111:
3063:
3054:D. Van Holliday
2992:
2961:Mersenne's laws
2895:Audio frequency
2889:
2853:Psychoacoustics
2847:
2846:
2839:
2825:
2782:
2777:
2722:
2670:
2658:
2633:
2585:
2575:
2573:Further reading
2570:
2569:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2520:
2516:
2506:
2504:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2449:
2445:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2396:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2337:
2336:
2329:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2269:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2235:
2231:
2185:
2184:
2173:
2159:
2155:
2133:
2132:
2125:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2042:
2038:
2023:
2019:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1986:
1968:
1967:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1884:, D. Ullmann1,
1880:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1802:
1798:
1784:
1780:
1758:
1757:
1750:
1740:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1689:
1674:, Leipzig 1824.
1650:
1632:, Leipzig 1817.
1616:, Leipzig 1787.
1597:
1573:
1567:began in 1635.
1565:Pierre Gassendi
1553:
1528:to investigate
1463:stony meteorite
1418:
1394:
1375:
1354:
1335:
1316:
1297:
1278:
1259:
1238:
1219:
1200:
1181:
1162:
1143:
1122:
1103:
1084:
1065:
1046:
1027:
1006:
987:
968:
949:
930:
911:
890:
871:
852:
833:
814:
795:
777:Cristal Baschet
748:
530:Chladni figures
495:Chladni figures
463:
461:Chladni figures
454:
348:
299:
271:
262:
261:
233:
224:
223:
156:
138:Estimating the
108:
95:
89:
87:
78:
69:
64:
62:
44:
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3194:
3192:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3138:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3071:
3069:
3068:Related topics
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3049:Joseph Sauveur
3046:
3041:
3036:
3034:Marin Mersenne
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2903:
2901:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2857:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2837:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2792:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2720:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2687:Chladni plates
2684:
2679:
2667:
2655:
2647:
2632:
2631:External links
2629:
2628:
2627:
2620:
2594:(5): 545–588.
2583:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2553:
2530:
2514:
2483:
2456:
2443:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2393:
2371:
2327:
2307:
2300:
2274:
2267:
2246:
2229:
2194:(5): 545–588.
2171:
2153:
2142:Chisholm, Hugh
2123:
2117:Edward Delaval
2087:
2085:, 5 June 2016.
2073:
2048:
2036:
2017:
2002:
1984:
1952:
1938:
1914:
1867:
1811:
1796:
1778:
1748:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1695:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1675:
1667:
1666:, Vienna 1820.
1659:
1647:
1633:
1617:
1596:
1593:
1572:
1569:
1552:
1549:
1547:in his honor.
1507:Mount Vesuvius
1417:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1391:
1371:
1370:
1351:
1332:
1313:
1294:
1275:
1255:
1254:
1235:
1216:
1197:
1178:
1159:
1139:
1138:
1119:
1100:
1081:
1062:
1043:
1023:
1022:
1003:
984:
965:
946:
927:
907:
906:
887:
868:
849:
830:
811:
791:
790:
764:glass armonica
747:
744:
733:
732:
709:
708:
685:
684:
661:
660:
637:
636:
613:
612:
589:
588:
545:Sophie Germain
515:nodal patterns
462:
459:
453:
450:
347:
344:
330:for different
328:speed of sound
215:
214:
211:
210:
205:
201:
200:
195:
189:
188:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
158:
157:
155:
154:
147:
142:
140:speed of sound
136:
133:
126:
124:
123:Known for
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
96:
94:(aged 70)
84:
80:
79:
70:
59:
55:
54:
46:
45:
42:
28:
24:
18:Chladni figure
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3193:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3126:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3044:Lord Rayleigh
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3014:Ernst Chladni
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2976:Standing wave
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2944:Inharmonicity
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2811:Soundproofing
2809:
2807:
2806:Reverberation
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2774:
2769:
2767:
2762:
2760:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2729:Sixty Symbols
2726:
2721:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2673:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2556:
2554:9781496965011
2550:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2515:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2487:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2432:(333): 3–21.
2431:
2427:
2423:
2416:
2413:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2394:
2390:
2387:(in French).
2386:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2297:
2292:
2291:
2285:
2278:
2275:
2270:
2264:
2260:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2154:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2115:also credits
2114:
2113:
2106:
2105:
2099:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2074:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2013:
2006:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1941:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1682:, Mainz 1827.
1681:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1594:
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1581:Lower Silesia
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1557:Chladni's law
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3059:Thomas Young
3013:
3009:Jens Blauert
2997:Acousticians
2728:
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2623:
2591:
2587:
2582:(MIT Press).
2579:
2558:. Retrieved
2543:
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2517:
2505:. Retrieved
2501:the original
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2319:Science News
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2064:. Retrieved
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2020:
2011:
2005:
1979:the original
1974:
1943:. Retrieved
1924:
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1854:the original
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1595:Bibliography
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1503:Siena, Italy
1496:mineralogist
1459:
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782:
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511:Robert Hooke
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178:Institutions
161:
86:3 April 1827
26:
3151:1827 deaths
3146:1756 births
3029:Franz Melde
3004:John Backus
2988:Subharmonic
2841:Spectrogram
2733:Brady Haran
2715:and at the
2651:Die Akustik
2588:Meteoritics
2472:: 375–380.
2350:: 168–212.
1912:, pp. 25–32
1761:Meteoritics
1741:27 February
1621:Die Akustik
1467:Wold Newton
507:nodal lines
340:meteoritics
113:Nationality
3140:Categories
3090:Ultrasound
3080:Infrasound
2866:Bark scale
2391:: 224–265.
1860:2 November
1836:(4): 342.
1767:(3): 394.
1721:References
1551:Other work
1545:chladniite
1519:astronomer
1442:meteorites
503:resonating
446:only child
352:Wittenberg
346:Early life
336:meteorites
151:meteorites
149:Theory of
90:1827-04-04
72:Wittenberg
65:1756-11-30
2971:Resonance
2871:Mel scale
2801:Monochord
2780:Acoustics
2713:this site
2616:210038676
2224:210038676
2216:1945-5100
1945:22 August
1902:1951-6401
1894:1951-6355
1644:457664981
1471:Yorkshire
1426:Gӧttingen
1291:septagram
1272:septagram
903:rectangle
884:rectangle
865:rectangle
846:rectangle
827:rectangle
808:rectangle
772:euphonium
756:verrillon
752:Glasspiel
376:Hungarian
324:vibrating
320:acoustics
312:physicist
153:' origins
131:acoustics
129:Study of
3125:Category
2966:Overtone
2934:Harmonic
2735:for the
2166:Leonardo
2066:16 March
1896:(Print)
1822:(1998).
1687:See also
1444:have an
1407:pentagon
1388:pentagon
1251:pentagon
1232:pentagon
1213:triangle
1194:triangle
1175:septagon
1156:septagon
1135:septagon
1097:septagon
1078:septagon
1059:septagon
1040:septagon
1019:septagon
1000:triangle
981:triangle
962:triangle
943:triangle
924:triangle
541:Napoleon
428:and the
414:theology
406:Lutheran
368:Slovakia
360:Kremnica
316:musician
2912:Formant
2676:YouTube
2664:YouTube
2643:of the
2639:in the
2596:Bibcode
2560:1 April
2507:2 April
2474:Bibcode
2352:Bibcode
2196:Bibcode
2144:(ed.).
2025:Galileo
1838:Bibcode
1769:Bibcode
1709:Tritare
1654:at the
1577:Breslau
1515:Iceland
1486:chemist
1483:British
1475:England
1451:planets
556:guitars
552:violins
416:at the
300:German:
172:Physics
102:Prussia
98:Breslau
88: (
63: (
3105:Violin
2939:Series
2614:
2551:
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1936:
1900:
1892:
1642:
1589:Poland
1493:French
1438:Pallas
1367:square
1348:square
1329:square
1310:square
768:euphon
560:cellos
558:, and
452:Career
422:rector
380:Slovak
372:German
356:Saxony
309:German
168:Fields
117:German
76:Saxony
3100:Piano
3085:Sound
2899:pitch
2861:Pitch
2612:S2CID
2403:[
2378:See:
2323:JSTOR
2220:S2CID
2140:. In
1571:Death
1511:Hekla
332:gases
3075:Echo
2981:Node
2907:Beat
2897:and
2562:2018
2549:ISBN
2509:2018
2296:ISBN
2263:ISBN
2212:ISSN
2068:2016
1947:2012
1934:ISBN
1898:ISSN
1890:ISSN
1862:2007
1743:2010
1640:OCLC
1116:disk
378:and
314:and
83:Died
58:Born
2674:on
2662:on
2604:doi
2434:doi
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