751:
988:
933:
319:
1003:, which is a protective, third-eyelid. Ligaments articulate the long jaws to the cranium, and the corners of the mouth have neither furrows nor folds. The jaws contain 300 trident-shaped teeth, each needle-tooth has a cusp and two cusplets; the rows of teeth are widely spaced, with 19–28 tooth rows in the upper jaw, and 21–29 tooth rows in the lower jaw. Frilled sharks are able to open jaws and devour food sources that are considerably greater than that of their size, this is a physical trait that is present in
556:
810:
1298:
for frilled sharks. The elongation of the jaws seemed to begin later in embryonic development. This leads to some studies suggesting that the terminal position of their mouth, due to anterior elongation of the jaw, is a derived trait instead of ancestral. When the embryo is 6–8 cm (2.4–3.1 in) long, the mother shark expels the egg capsule, at which developmental stage the frilled shark's external gills are developed. Throughout embryonic development, the size of the
333:
1215:
873:. Frilled sharks tend to be very solitary organisms; interacting with multiple individuals of their kind is rare. However, in the late 2000s a large capture was made over an underwater seamount of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, hauling in over 30 frilled sharks. The mass capture of a wide variety of male and female specimens emphasized these seamounts as a location for the mating of the species. In the western Atlantic, the frilled shark occurs in the waters of
178:
126:
1226:), the frilled shark's physiology suggests that it may curve its anguilline body, and brace its rear fins against the water, for leverage to effect a rapid-strike bite that captures the prey. The wide gape of the distended, long jaws allows devouring whole prey that are more than half the size of the frilled shark, itself. The jaws' 300 recurved teeth (19–28 upper rows and 21–29 lower rows) readily snag and capture the soft body and tentacles of a
972:
153:
1230:, especially with the rows of trident-shaped teeth are rotated outwards, when the jaws are open and protruded. Moreover, unlike the strong bite of sharks with an underslung jaw attached below the cranium, the frilled shark has a relatively weak bite, because of the limited leverage and force possible with long jaws that are directly articulated to the cranium, at a point behind the eyes.
1050:, which the shark can enlarge. The underside of the shark's eel-like body features a pair of long, thick folds of skin, separated by a groove, which run the length of the belly; the function of the ventral skin-folds is unknown. In the female frilled shark, the mid-section is of the body longer, with the pelvic fins located closer to the anal fin.
806:, on the Pacific coast of Honshu, Japan, the frilled shark is most common at the depth of 50–200 m (160–660 ft), except in the August-to-November period, when the temperature at the 100 m (330 ft) water-layer exceeds 15 °C (59 °F), and then the sharks swim into deeper, cooler water.
1302:
remains constant, until the shark embryo is 40 cm (16 in) long, whereupon the sac shrinks until disappearing when the embryo has grown to 50 cm (20 in) in length. In the course of pregnancy, the embryo's average rate-of-growth is 1.40 cm (0.55 in) per month until birth,
1297:
until birth. The frilled-shark embryo is 3.0 cm (1.2 in) long, has a pointed head, slightly developed jaws, nascent external gills, and possesses all fins. The growth of the jaw for elasmobranchs seem to begin early in the embryonic stage, however, it has been observed not to be the case
436:
to feed at night at the surface of the ocean. When hunting food, the frilled shark curls its tail against a rock and moves like an eel, bending and lunging to capture and swallow whole prey with its long and flexible jaws, which are equipped with 300 recurved, needle-like teeth.
1413:
1207:). The high tendency to primarily consume the squids in their habitat can be supported by the frequent observation of beak remnants left behind during digestive processes. Because frilled sharks live on the ocean floor, they may also feed on
1144:
which occurred at the
Cretaceous–Paleogene time-boundary, one hypothesis proposes that the sharks survived in bodies of shallow water, both inland and on the continental shelf; afterwards, the frilled shark migrated to deep-water habitats.
1233:
The behavior of captive specimen sharks suggests that the frilled shark also hunts with its mouth open, by using the dark-and-light contrast of white teeth and darkness to lure prey into its gaping maw; and also hunts with
968:, and the mouth is narrower. The recorded, maximum body-length of a male frilled shark is 1.7 m (5.6 ft), and the recorded, maximum body-length of a female frilled shark is 2.0 m (6.6 ft).
1362:, off the southeastern coast of the U.S. In 2007, a Japanese fisherman caught a 1.6 m (5.2 ft)–long female frilled shark at the surface of the ocean and delivered it to the Awashima Marine Park, at
1082:
configuration enhances the frilled shark's perception and detection of changes in the movement, the vibration, and the pressure of the surrounding water. Like all animals, the frilled shark is afflicted by
1371:
1128:(66.043 ± 0.011 mya) which suggested that the sharks lived inland, in shallow bodies of water far from the ocean. The shallow-water frilled shark had larger, stronger teeth, suitable for eating
924:, in western South America. Although it has been caught at the depth of 1,570 m (5,150 ft), the frilled shark usually does not occur deeper than 1,000 m (3,300 ft).
1366:, where the shark died after hours of captivity. In 2014, a trawler fishing-boat caught a 1.5 m (4.9 ft)–long frilled shark in 1.0 km (3,300 ft)–deep water at
1238:, to suck prey into its maw. Forensic examination of frilled sharks' revealed little-to-no food in their stomachs, which suggests that the frilled shark either has a fast-rate of
1262:
when he is 1.0–1.2 m (3.3–3.9 ft) long, and the female shark reaches sexual maturity when she is 1.3–1.5 m (4.3–4.9 ft) long. The mature female shark has two
1140:
sharks in competition for feeding grounds and living space, which restricted their geographic distribution to the deep-water ocean. Regarding the frilled shark's survival of the
999:
are vertical slits, separated by a flap of skin that forms the incurrent opening and the excurrent opening. The moderately large eyes are horizontal ellipsoids, which have no
516:
published the first taxonomy of the frilled shark, based upon his observations, measurements, and descriptions of a 1.5-metre (4 ft 11 in)–long female shark from
936:
The frilled shark's lower jaw has 21–29 rows of recurved, needle-like teeth, for snagging, capturing, and eating soft-bodied cephalopods, small sharks, and bony fish.
3026:
2309:
Consoli, Christopher P. (2008). "A Rare Danian (Paleocene) Chlamydoselachus (Chondricthyes: Elasmobranchii) from the
Takatika Grit, Chatham Islands, New Zealand".
2573:
1386:
3206:
3091:
1289:, the shark embryos develop in membranous egg-cases contained within the body of the mother shark, when the infant sharks emerge from their egg capsules in the
3196:
2502:
1199:; and other sharks, as indicated by the stomach contents of a 1.6 m (5.2 ft)–long frilled shark which had swallowed a 590 g (1.30 lb)
821:
species of frilled shark are distributed throughout the
Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, ranging from Japan to Australia to North America to Africa.
1258:, do not have a defined breeding season, because their oceanic habitats register no seasonal influence from the ocean's surface; the male shark reaches
1343:
in the mid-waters of the ocean. Despite being a nuisance fish that damages fishing nets, the economic and commercial value of the frilled shark is as
484:; and has been caught from depths of 1,570 m (5,150 ft), although its occurrence is uncommon below 1,200 m (3,900 ft); whereas in
3000:
2629:
1398:
738:(southern African frilled shark) of the Atlantic waters of southern Angola and of southern Namibia as a species of frilled shark different from the
3039:
1046:
is a triangular tail that has neither a lower lobe nor a ventral notch in the upper lobe, and has a margin equipped with sharp, chisel-shaped
3114:
2187:
1601:
1989:
Tanaka, S.; Shiobara, Y.; Hioki, S.; Abe, H.; Nishi, G.; Yano, K. & Suzuki, K. (1990). "The reproductive biology of the frilled shark,
1658:
987:
497:
2974:
2149:"Chlamydoselachus Africana, A New Species Of Frilled Shark From Southern Africa (Chondrichthyes, Hexanchiformes, Chlamydoselachidae)"
1125:
2542:
2070:
1635:
1538:
932:
1555:
563:); the superior inset depicts dorsal and ventral views of the shark's head; the inferior inset depicts two, trident-shaped teeth. (
1132:; scarcity and plenty of food are indicated in the tooth's morphology of sharper points (cusps) oriented into the mouth. From the
3153:
2568:
1307:
can be as long as 3.5 years; at birth, a frilled shark's litter comprises 2–15 pups, with an average litter comprises 6.0 pups.
3211:
2597:
1042:
and the anal fins are large, broad, and rounded, and are positioned to the tail-end of the frilled shark's body. The very long
460:, the shark embryos develop in the body of the mother shark; at birth, the infant sharks emerge from their egg capsules in the
2711:
362:
3044:
177:
2877:
3078:
2528:
Duffy, Clinton A. J.; Francis, Malcolm; Dunn, M. R.; Finucci, Brit; Ford, Richard; Hitchmough, Rod; Rolfe, Jeremy (2018).
2239:
Machida, M.; Ogawa, K. & Okiyama, M. (1982). "A new nematode (Spirurida, Physalopteridae) from frill shark of Japan".
679:. In addition, a genetic analysis conducted by researchers in 2016 may also suggest that the species is part of the order
2529:
594:), because the shark's body featured primitive anatomic traits, such as long jaws with trident-shaped, multi-cusp teeth;
2622:
504:. After three years (1879–1881) of marine research in Japan, Döderlein took two specimen sharks to Vienna, but lost the
952:
has a longer head and shorter gill slits, a spinal column with more vertebrae (160–171 vs. 147), and a lower-intestine
3201:
2935:
2899:
2917:
134:
3096:
2814:
2805:
2757:
2748:
1275:
1274:(yolk formation) and the production of new ova. Both ovulated eggs and early-stage shark embryos are enclosed in
578:. Initially, marine scientists considered the frilled shark a living, evolutionary representative of the extinct
457:
1892:
Analisi systematic, paleoecological e paleobiogeographical Della selaciofauna polio-Pleistocene del
Mediterraneo
1802:
853:, in northwest Africa. In the central Atlantic Ocean, the frilled shark has been caught along the region of the
1401:
identified the frilled shark as an animal "At Risk — Naturally
Uncommon", not easily found living in the wild.
1367:
1218:
The frilled shark is a predator with long jaws directly articulated to the cranium, at a point behind the eyes.
665:
The anatomic traits of body, muscle, and skeleton phylogenically include the frilled shark to the neoselachian
2486:
Japanese Marine Park
Captures Rare 'Living Fossil' Frilled Shark; Pictures of a Live Specimen 'Extremely Rare'
2322:
3171:
1917:, a new species of frilled shark from southern Africa (Chondrichthyes, Hexanchiformes, Chlamydoselachidae)".
2781:
2615:
787:
710:
because of its relatively unchanged anatomy and physique, since first appearing in the primeval seas of the
472:
of the frilled shark can be up to 3.5 years long, to produce a litter of 2–15 shark pups. Usually caught as
433:
802:
determined by the individual size, the sex, and the reproductive condition of each shark in the shiver. In
520:, Japan. In the article "An Extraordinary Shark" Garman classified the new species of shark within its own
2839:
2131:
1382:
775:
555:
421:
2585:
1961:
2940:
2790:
449:
292:
809:
318:
3145:
2258:
Renne; et al. (2013). "Time Scales of
Critical Events Around the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary".
3158:
3106:
2961:
2886:
2267:
1331:-fishing. In Japan, at Suruga Bay, the frilled shark is usually caught in the gillnets used to catch
1000:
878:
960:. The skin color of either species ranges from uniformly dark-brown to uniformly grey. In addition,
2891:
2345:
2203:
1484:
750:
637:
381:(the articulation of the jaws to the cranium), and a 2.0 m (6.6 ft)–long body, which has
332:
142:
3070:
2904:
2692:
2485:
2326:
2291:
2110:
1878:
1363:
1004:
854:
505:
477:
358:
259:
172:
3031:
1034:
has a rounded margin, and is positioned at the far end of the body, approximately opposite the
983:
species derives from the extended tips of the gill filaments of the shark's six pairs of gills.
912:. In the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, the frilled shark occurs in the regional waters of
3127:
2948:
2548:
2538:
2445:
2427:
2283:
2183:
2066:
1860:
1842:
1781:
1702:
1631:
1534:
1528:
1286:
1200:
767:
763:
734:
epoch (2.58–0.0117 mya). In 2009, marine biologists identified, described, and classified the
575:
559:
In the article "An
Extraordinary Shark", the zoologist Samuel Garman depicts a frilled shark (
417:
413:
125:
3132:
1385:
of the shark's deep-water habitat, and because of the shark's slow rate of reproduction, the
1381:
In 2016, consequent to the depletion of food sources caused by commercial overfishing of the
1270:, which is in the right side of her body; ovulation occurs fortnightly; and pregnancy ceases
2702:
2435:
2419:
2382:
2318:
2275:
2160:
2102:
2038:
1926:
1850:
1832:
1773:
1736:
1698:
1694:
1479:
1328:
1304:
525:
469:
355:
269:
3057:
1303:
when the shark pups are 40–60 cm (16–24 in) long, therefore, the frilled shark's
571:
The frilled-shark is considered a "living fossil", because its family lineage dates to the
2601:
2063:
Sharks of the World: An
Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date
1682:
1390:
1259:
1223:
1141:
1121:
1075:
1047:
901:
862:
799:
723:
711:
695:
641:
621:
17:
488:, Japan, the frilled shark commonly occurs at depths of 50–200 m (160–660 ft).
2271:
1567:
991:
The jaws of the frilled shark are able to open very wide in order to engulf larger prey.
2676:
2670:
2639:
2607:
2440:
2403:
2089:
Kukuev, E.I.; Pavlov, V.P. (2008). "The First Case of Mass Catch of a Rare Frill Shark
1855:
1816:
1426:
1351:
1285:
animal born from an encapsulated egg retained within the mother shark's uterus. During
1271:
791:
688:
675:
629:
579:
500:
first identified, described, and classified the frilled shark as a discrete species of
405:
378:
249:
229:
219:
1124:, yielded frilled-shark, bird, and conifer-cone fossils that dated to the time of the
3190:
3052:
2531:
Conservation status of New
Zealand Chondrichthyans (Chimaeras, Sharks and Rays), 2016
2330:
2148:
1654:
1470:
1461:
1418:
1394:
1359:
1282:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1117:
1113:, such as other sharks, as indicated by missing tail-tips lost to a hungry attacker.
1016:
795:
755:
715:
707:
633:
572:
552:, the frilled shark also is known as the "lizard shark" and as the "scaffold shark".
513:
409:
370:
308:
162:
157:
76:
2594:
1358:) at the depth of 873.55 m (2,866.0 ft), in its deep-water habitat at the
971:
2953:
2402:
López‐Romero, Faviel A.; Klimpfinger, Claudia; Tanaka, Sho; Kriwet, Jürgen (2020).
2295:
1412:
1214:
1171:
1071:
1066:) are the mechanical means with which the frilled shark controls and maintains its
1027:
953:
645:
616:
587:
533:
351:
2114:
1837:
1777:
995:
The head of the frilled shark is broad and flat, with a short, rounded snout. The
640:, suggested that the frilled shark's evolutionary tree indicated relation to the
3083:
3065:
3013:
2871:
1136:(66–56 mya) until the contemporary era, other species of sharks out-matched the
1079:
909:
874:
870:
779:
731:
684:
654:
549:
425:
51:
41:
610:. From that anatomy, Garman proposed that the frilled shark was related to the
2664:
2552:
2106:
1930:
1408:
1227:
1158:
1154:
1043:
1039:
1031:
917:
850:
803:
625:
517:
485:
386:
382:
96:
61:
2979:
2862:
2431:
1846:
1706:
1015:; the first pair of gill slits form a collar, while the extended tips of the
2772:
2738:
2279:
2065:. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. pp. 14–15.
1815:
Bustamante, Carlos; Bennett, Michael B.; Ovenden, Jennifer R. (2016-01-01).
1336:
1332:
1239:
1195:
1162:
1133:
1095:
1012:
1008:
783:
771:
719:
670:
611:
603:
429:
398:
189:
101:
2449:
2387:
2370:
2287:
1864:
1785:
1741:
1724:
778:
areas. Usually, the shiver lives close to the ocean floor, yet its diet of
404:
The two species of frilled shark are distributed throughout regions of the
2927:
2164:
722:
terms, the frilled shark is an animal species of recent occurrence in the
2987:
2856:
2658:
2043:
2022:
1667:
1344:
1299:
1129:
1110:
1106:
1091:
1084:
1067:
1035:
905:
888:
In the western Pacific Ocean, the frilled shark ranges from southeastern
882:
830:
659:
607:
583:
481:
453:
390:
209:
91:
86:
71:
66:
56:
45:
2589:
2503:"'Horrific' Rarely-sighted Frilled Shark Caught off south-east Victoria"
3166:
3005:
1324:
1316:
1235:
1222:
In hunting and eating prey that are tired or exhausted or dying (after
1208:
996:
846:
842:
834:
599:
591:
473:
106:
81:
2992:
2423:
790:, and swims up to feed at night at the surface of the ocean. In their
726:
of the Earth; the earliest discoveries of the fossilized teeth of the
706:
species of frilled sharks. As a marine animal, the frilled shark is a
3018:
2912:
2652:
2580:
1340:
1290:
1267:
913:
897:
889:
866:
858:
838:
826:
825:
In the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the frilled shark occurs off northern
461:
199:
2833:
1757:
2206:. ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research. Retrieved on April 25, 2010.
1964:. ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research. Retrieved on April 25, 2010.
1881:. ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research. Retrieved on April 25, 2010.
1805:. ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research. Retrieved on April 25, 2010.
3140:
2682:
2537:. Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation. p. 9.
1320:
1263:
1213:
1166:
1063:
1059:
986:
970:
931:
921:
893:
808:
762:
The habitats of the frilled shark include the waters of the outer
749:
666:
554:
521:
501:
331:
239:
2966:
644:(hybodonts), which were the dominant species of shark during the
632:(541–251 mya). In contrast to Garman's thesis, the ichthyologist
3119:
1319:
of commercial fishing, accidentally caught in the nets used for
1294:
465:
2837:
2611:
2404:"Growth trajectories of prenatal embryos of the deep‐sea shark
1078:
hair cells in grooves exposed to the ocean environment; such a
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
374:
2182:(second ed.). Harvard University Press. pp. 34–35.
1278:, ellipsoid egg-cases made of a thin, golden-brown membrane.
658:
that existed from the late Devonian period to the end of the
480:, the frilled shark has some economic value as a meat and as
2021:
Kubota, T.; Shiobara, Y. & Kubodera, T. (January 1991).
1389:(IUCN) classified the frilled shark as a fish species under
1372:
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
420:, where the sharks usually live near the ocean floor, near
2241:
Bulletin of the National Science Museum Series A (Zoology)
397:, derives from the fringed appearance of the six pairs of
2323:
10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[285:ardepc]2.0.co;2
1817:"Genetype and phylogenomic position of the frilled shark
1683:"The Frilled Shark—The Oldest Living Type of Vertebrates"
2132:
Estuary to the Abyss: Excitement, Realities, and "Bubba"
1393:
of extinction, and then reclassified it as a species of
1070:
in the deep waters of the ocean. The shark has an open,
602:, at a point behind the eyes; and a quasi-cartilaginous
377:(eel-like) physical traits, such as a dark-brown color,
1242:
or goes hungry in the long intervals between feedings.
2509:. Melbourne, Australia: Fairfax Media. 21 January 2015
508:
manuscript of the research. Three years later, in the
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1628:
The Private Life of Sharks: The Truth Behind the Myth
350:), also known as the lizard shark, is one of the two
2084:
2082:
2846:
2803:
2770:
2746:
2737:
2700:
2691:
2134:. NOAA Ocean Explorer. Retrieved on April 25, 2010.
1315:In pursuit of food, the frilled shark usually is a
468:. Although it has no distinct breeding season, the
2220:Garman. A remarkable shark found in Norway 1896".
1725:"Phyletic Relationships of Living Sharks and Rays"
1533:. University of California Press. pp. 50–52.
1387:International Union for the Conservation of Nature
440:Reproductively, the two species of frilled shark,
2147:Ebert, David A.; Compagno, Leonard J. V. (2009).
669:(modern sharks and rays) which relates it to the
2492:. January 24, 2007. Retrieved on April 25, 2010.
2463:Nishikawa, T. (1898). "Notes on some embryos of
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
606:(a proto-spinal-column) composed of indistinct
532:(eel-like shark with frills). The Graeco–Latin
2346:"ADW: Chlamydoselachus anguineus: INFORMATION"
1485:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41794A68617785.en
1460:Smart, J.J.; Paul, L.J.; Fowler, S.L. (2016).
885:, in the northeastern coast of South America.
758:habitat, in the western Atlantic Ocean (2004).
2623:
1011:. At the throat, there are six pairs of long
786:, indicates that the frilled shark practices
598:, the direct articulation of the jaws to the
424:areas of the ecosystem. To live on a diet of
8:
2093:over a Seamount of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge".
956:with more turns (35–49 vs. 26–28) than does
536:of the frilled shark derives from the Greek
2056:
2054:
1718:
1716:
412:oceans, usually in the waters of the outer
393:located towards the tail. The common name,
2834:
2743:
2697:
2630:
2616:
2608:
1797:
1795:
1649:
1647:
900:, off the coast of China, to the coast of
317:
151:
124:
31:
2439:
2386:
2126:
2124:
2042:
2027:collected from Suruga bay, central Japan"
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1854:
1836:
1758:"'The Oldest Living Type of Vertebrata,'
1740:
1530:Sharks, Rays, and Chimaeras of California
1483:
1030:are short and rounded; the single, small
798:-ocean habitats, frilled sharks practice
1621:
1619:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1522:
1399:New Zealand Threat Classification System
1281:Reproductively, the frilled shark is an
1165:; 60 percent of the diet is composed of
2364:
2362:
1913:Ebert, D.A.; Compagno, L.J.V. (2009). "
1821:inferred from the mitochondrial genome"
1756:Garman, S.; Gill, T. (March 21, 1884).
1699:10.1038/scientificamerican02261887-130a
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1437:
1374:(CSIRO) confirmed that the shark was a
920:, in the US, and the northern coast of
648:(252–66 mya); and Cope categorized the
1339:, and in the trawl nets used to catch
456:to the mother shark. Contained within
369:)). The frilled shark is considered a
2142:
2140:
1803:Chlamydoselachiformes: Frilled Sharks
1630:. Stackpole Books. pp. 210–213.
1250:The extant species of frilled shark,
1058:A cartilaginous skeleton and a large
7:
3207:Extant Pleistocene first appearances
3172:F15CDBC9-6893-4DB0-AAA1-71585C0DA466
3146:1E175784-4463-0A58-12F2-ACDF7C31C939
3107:a23fc94a-d3ce-4b4d-9033-c10163a58375
3197:IUCN Red List least concern species
2590:ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research
1471:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
730:species of shark date to the early
452:animals, born of an egg, without a
2469:Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses
2311:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2023:"Food habits of the frilled shark
1378:, an eel-like shark with a frill.
1354:first observed the frilled shark (
1019:create a fleshy frill, hence, the
881:, in the US, and in the waters of
25:
2178:Last, P.R.; J.D. Stevens (2009).
1153:The frilled shark eats a diet of
2712:Southern African frilled shark (
2604:at Check123 - Video Encyclopedia
1411:
1211:floating down from the surface.
904:, Australia, and the islands of
582:subclass of cartilaginous fish (
176:
2204:Hearing and Vibration Detection
1995:Japanese Journal of Ichthyology
1606:Bulletin of the Essex Institute
1600:Garman, S. (January 17, 1884).
964:has smaller pectoral fins than
565:Bulletin of the Essex Institute
512:(vol. XVI, 1884) the zoologist
510:Bulletin of the Essex Institute
2371:"Feeding Mechanisms in Sharks"
620:genus that existed during the
432:, the frilled shark practices
363:southern African frilled shark
1:
1838:10.1080/23802359.2015.1137801
1778:10.1126/science.ns-3.59.345-a
1126:Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary
869:, and the Vavilov Ridge, off
2180:Sharks and Rays of Australia
1397:of extinction. In 2018, the
857:, ranging from north of the
652:species to the fossil genus
373:, because of its primitive,
2815:Broadnose sevengill shark (
2758:Sharpnose sevengill shark (
1993:, from Suruga Bay, Japan".
813:The habitats (blue) of the
548:(like an eel); besides its
326:Range of the frilled shark
3228:
2918:chlamydoselachus-anguineus
2905:Chlamydoselachus_anguineus
2892:Chlamydoselachus_anguineus
2878:Chlamydoselachus anguineus
2848:Chlamydoselachus anguineus
2575:Chlamydoselachus anguineus
2465:Chlamydoselachus anguineus
2406:Chlamydoselachus anguineus
2218:Chlamydoselacnus anguineus
2091:Chlamydoselachus anguineus
2025:Chlamydoselachus anguineus
1991:Chlamydoselachus anguineus
1819:Chlamydoselachus anguineus
1661:Chlamydoselachus anguineus
1558:Chlamydoselachus anguineus
1464:Chlamydoselachus anguineus
1376:Chlamydoselachus anguineus
1356:Chlamydoselachus anguineus
981:Chlamydoselachus anguineus
815:Chlamydoselachus anguineus
740:Chlamydoselachus anguineus
728:Chlamydoselachus anguineus
650:Chlamydoselachus anguineus
530:Chlamydoselachus anguineus
347:Chlamydoselachus anguineus
302:Chlamydoselachus anguineus
18:Chlamydoselachus anguineus
2782:Bluntnose sixgill shark (
2647:
2107:10.1134/S0032945208080158
2061:Compagno, L.J.V. (1984).
1931:10.11646/zootaxa.2173.1.1
1915:Chlamydoselachus africana
1879:The Rise of Modern Sharks
1723:Compagno, L.J.V. (1977).
1072:lateral-line organ system
1062:(filled with low-density
819:Chlamydoselachus africana
736:Chlamydoselachus africana
561:Clamydoselachus anguineus
367:Chlamydoselachus africana
325:
316:
298:
291:
173:Scientific classification
171:
149:
140:
132:
123:
34:
2216:Collett, R. (1897). "On
1825:Mitochondrial DNA Part B
1657:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1602:"An Extraordinary Shark"
1564:FishesofAustralia.net.au
1554:Bray, Dianne J. (2011).
1370:, Australia; later, the
1368:Lakes Entrance, Victoria
766:and the upper-to-middle
746:Habitat and distribution
354:species of shark in the
135:Palais de la Porte Dorée
2791:Bigeyed sixgill shark (
2586:Deep Sea: Frilled Shark
2412:Journal of Fish Biology
2280:10.1126/science.1230492
2031:Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi
1962:Deep Sea: Frilled Shark
1169:varieties, such as the
940:The eel-like bodies of
788:diel vertical migration
776:biologically productive
754:A frilled shark in its
636:and the paleontologist
544:(shark), and the Latin
434:diel vertical migration
422:biologically productive
401:at the shark's throat.
336:Closer view of the head
3212:Fish described in 1884
2095:Journal of Ichthyology
1693:(9): 130. 1887-02-26.
1219:
1161:, smaller sharks, and
992:
984:
937:
822:
782:, smaller sharks, and
759:
685:systematist of biology
568:
492:Taxonomy and phylogeny
428:, smaller sharks, and
337:
2640:frilled and cow shark
2595:Frilled Shark - Video
2348:. Animaldiversity.org
2165:10.5281/zenodo.189264
1671:. April 2010 version.
1478:: e.T41794A68617785.
1217:
1142:mass-extinction event
1100:Otodistomum veliporum
990:
974:
948:differ anatomically;
935:
845:, the archipelago of
812:
753:
718:(150 mya) epochs. In
693:Chlamydoselachiformes
662:of the Mesozoic era.
558:
464:, where they feed on
450:aplacental viviparous
335:
2388:10.1093/icb/17.2.355
2044:10.2331/suisan.57.15
1890:Marsili, S. (2007).
1742:10.1093/icb/17.2.303
1527:Ebert, D.A. (2003).
1205:Apristurus japonicus
1134:Late Paleocene epoch
1116:In New Zealand, the
1001:nictitating membrane
742:identified in 1884.
714:(c. 95 mya) and the
698:exclusively for the
687:, the ichthyologist
683:. Nonetheless, as a
2490:Underwatertimes.com
2272:2013Sci...339..684R
2130:Jenner, J. (2004).
1687:Scientific American
1626:Bright, M. (2000).
1054:Biology and ecology
1023:name of this fish.
849:, and the coast of
800:spatial segregation
638:Edward Drinker Cope
143:Conservation status
3202:Chlamydoselachidae
2693:Chlamydoselachidae
2600:2017-04-27 at the
2375:American Zoologist
2344:Lashaway, Aubrey.
1729:American Zoologist
1570:on 10 October 2014
1311:Human interactions
1220:
993:
985:
938:
855:Mid-Atlantic Ridge
823:
760:
569:
478:commercial fishing
361:(the other is the
359:Chlamydoselachidae
338:
260:Chlamydoselachidae
3182:
3181:
3128:Open Tree of Life
2840:Taxon identifiers
2831:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2733:
2732:
2424:10.1111/jfb.14352
2408:(Chondrichthyes)"
2369:Moss, S. (1977).
2189:978-0-674-03411-2
1352:marine biologists
1236:negative pressure
1201:Japanese catshark
916:and the coast of
768:continental slope
764:continental shelf
567:, vol. XVI, 1884)
418:continental slope
416:and of the upper
414:continental shelf
330:
329:
284:C. anguineus
166:
16:(Redirected from
3219:
3175:
3174:
3162:
3161:
3149:
3148:
3136:
3135:
3123:
3122:
3110:
3109:
3100:
3099:
3087:
3086:
3084:NBNSYS0000180395
3074:
3073:
3061:
3060:
3048:
3047:
3035:
3034:
3022:
3021:
3009:
3008:
2996:
2995:
2983:
2982:
2970:
2969:
2957:
2956:
2944:
2943:
2931:
2930:
2921:
2920:
2908:
2907:
2895:
2894:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2835:
2744:
2703:Chlamydoselachus
2698:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2609:
2557:
2556:
2536:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2499:
2493:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2443:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2366:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2213:
2207:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2144:
2135:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2086:
2077:
2076:
2058:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2018:
2003:
2002:
1986:
1965:
1958:
1935:
1934:
1910:
1895:
1888:
1882:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1858:
1840:
1812:
1806:
1799:
1790:
1789:
1760:Chlamydoselachus
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1720:
1711:
1710:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1651:
1642:
1641:
1623:
1614:
1613:
1597:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1566:. Archived from
1551:
1545:
1544:
1524:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1487:
1457:
1421:
1416:
1415:
1305:gestation period
1138:Chlamydoselachus
1104:Mooleptus rabuka
1048:dermal denticles
498:Ludwig Döderlein
470:gestation period
321:
304:
271:Chlamydoselachus
181:
180:
160:
155:
154:
128:
118:
48:
38:Temporal range:
32:
27:Species of shark
21:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3178:
3170:
3165:
3157:
3152:
3144:
3139:
3131:
3126:
3118:
3113:
3105:
3103:
3095:
3090:
3082:
3077:
3069:
3064:
3056:
3051:
3043:
3038:
3030:
3025:
3017:
3012:
3004:
2999:
2991:
2986:
2978:
2973:
2965:
2960:
2952:
2947:
2939:
2934:
2926:
2924:
2916:
2911:
2903:
2898:
2890:
2885:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2842:
2832:
2823:
2799:
2766:
2729:
2721:Frilled shark (
2687:
2643:
2636:
2602:Wayback Machine
2577:, Frilled shark
2565:
2560:
2545:
2534:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2512:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2484:
2480:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2368:
2367:
2360:
2351:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2266:(6120): 684–7.
2257:
2256:
2252:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2201:
2197:
2190:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2146:
2145:
2138:
2129:
2122:
2088:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2020:
2019:
2006:
1988:
1987:
1968:
1959:
1938:
1912:
1911:
1898:
1889:
1885:
1876:
1872:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1800:
1793:
1772:(59): 345–346.
1755:
1754:
1750:
1722:
1721:
1714:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1653:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1625:
1624:
1617:
1599:
1598:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1541:
1526:
1525:
1500:
1490:
1488:
1459:
1458:
1439:
1435:
1417:
1410:
1407:
1313:
1260:sexual maturity
1248:
1151:
1122:Chatham Islands
1076:mechanoreceptor
1056:
930:
902:New South Wales
865:, off southern
863:Rio Grande Rise
861:islands to the
837:, ranging from
748:
724:natural history
712:Late Cretaceous
696:taxonomic order
673:, in the order
660:Triassic period
642:Hybodontiformes
622:Devonian period
528:, and named it
494:
312:
306:
300:
287:
175:
167:
156:
152:
145:
119:
117:
116:
115:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3225:
3223:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3189:
3188:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3163:
3150:
3137:
3124:
3111:
3101:
3088:
3075:
3062:
3049:
3036:
3023:
3010:
2997:
2984:
2971:
2958:
2945:
2932:
2922:
2909:
2896:
2883:
2868:
2852:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2811:
2809:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2788:
2778:
2776:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2754:
2752:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2718:
2708:
2706:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2679:
2677:Elasmobranchii
2673:
2671:Chondrichthyes
2667:
2661:
2655:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2592:
2583:
2571:
2569:ABC News video
2564:
2563:External links
2561:
2559:
2558:
2543:
2520:
2494:
2478:
2455:
2418:(1): 212–224.
2394:
2381:(2): 355–364.
2358:
2336:
2317:(2): 285–290.
2301:
2250:
2231:
2208:
2195:
2188:
2170:
2136:
2120:
2101:(8): 676–678.
2078:
2071:
2050:
2004:
1966:
1936:
1896:
1883:
1870:
1807:
1791:
1748:
1735:(2): 303–322.
1712:
1674:
1655:Froese, Rainer
1643:
1636:
1615:
1581:
1556:"Frill Shark,
1546:
1539:
1498:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1427:List of sharks
1423:
1422:
1406:
1403:
1312:
1309:
1276:chondrichthyes
1272:vitellogenesis
1247:
1244:
1150:
1147:
1098:flatworm, the
1087:, such as the
1055:
1052:
1017:gill filaments
929:
926:
833:, and western
747:
744:
689:Shigeru Shirai
681:Hexanchiformes
676:Hexanchiformes
630:Palaeozoic era
614:sharks of the
580:elasmobranchii
496:The zoologist
493:
490:
328:
327:
323:
322:
314:
313:
307:
296:
295:
289:
288:
281:
279:
275:
274:
267:
263:
262:
257:
253:
252:
250:Hexanchiformes
247:
243:
242:
237:
233:
232:
230:Elasmobranchii
227:
223:
222:
220:Chondrichthyes
217:
213:
212:
207:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
169:
168:
150:
147:
146:
141:
138:
137:
130:
129:
121:
120:
112:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
49:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3224:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3185:
3173:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2888:
2884:
2879:
2873:
2869:
2864:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2836:
2820:
2818:
2817:N. cepedianus
2813:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2796:
2794:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2763:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2726:
2724:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2641:
2633:
2628:
2626:
2621:
2619:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2544:9781988514628
2540:
2533:
2532:
2524:
2521:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2407:
2398:
2395:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2347:
2340:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2302:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2254:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2202:Martin, R.A.
2199:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2181:
2174:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2072:92-5-101384-5
2068:
2064:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2026:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2001:(3): 273–291.
2000:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1960:Martin, R.A.
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1877:Martin, R.A.
1874:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1801:Martin, R.A.
1798:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1761:
1752:
1749:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1637:0-8117-2875-7
1633:
1629:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1550:
1547:
1542:
1540:0-520-23484-7
1536:
1532:
1531:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1419:Sharks portal
1414:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1395:Least Concern
1392:
1388:
1384:
1383:feeding areas
1379:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1364:Shizuoka city
1361:
1360:Blake Plateau
1357:
1353:
1348:
1347:and as meat.
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1293:they feed on
1292:
1288:
1284:
1283:ovoviviparous
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1190:Sthenoteuthis
1186:
1185:
1184:Onychoteuthis
1180:
1179:
1178:Histioteuthis
1174:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1118:Takatika Grit
1114:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1028:pectoral fins
1024:
1022:
1021:frilled shark
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
989:
982:
978:
977:frilled shark
973:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
934:
927:
925:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
820:
816:
811:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
757:
756:Blake Plateau
752:
745:
743:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
716:Late Jurassic
713:
709:
708:living fossil
705:
701:
700:C. anguinesis
697:
694:
691:proposed the
690:
686:
682:
678:
677:
672:
668:
663:
661:
657:
656:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
634:Theodore Gill
631:
627:
623:
619:
618:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
574:
573:Carboniferous
566:
562:
557:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
514:Samuel Garman
511:
507:
503:
499:
491:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
438:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
395:frilled shark
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
371:living fossil
368:
364:
360:
357:
353:
349:
348:
343:
342:frilled shark
334:
324:
320:
315:
310:
309:Samuel Garman
305:
303:
297:
294:
293:Binomial name
290:
286:
285:
280:
277:
276:
273:
272:
268:
265:
264:
261:
258:
255:
254:
251:
248:
245:
244:
241:
240:Selachimorpha
238:
236:Subdivision:
235:
234:
231:
228:
225:
224:
221:
218:
215:
214:
211:
208:
205:
204:
201:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
184:
179:
174:
170:
164:
159:
158:Least Concern
148:
144:
139:
136:
131:
127:
122:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
47:
43:
35:Frilled shark
33:
30:
19:
3184:
2847:
2816:
2804:
2793:H. nakamurai
2792:
2783:
2771:
2759:
2749:Heptranchias
2747:
2723:C. anguineus
2722:
2720:
2713:
2701:
2681:Subdivision
2574:
2530:
2523:
2511:. Retrieved
2506:
2497:
2489:
2481:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2415:
2411:
2405:
2397:
2378:
2374:
2350:. Retrieved
2339:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2198:
2179:
2173:
2156:
2152:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2062:
2037:(1): 15–20.
2034:
2030:
2024:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1891:
1886:
1873:
1831:(1): 18–20.
1828:
1824:
1818:
1810:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1751:
1732:
1728:
1690:
1686:
1677:
1666:
1660:
1627:
1609:
1605:
1572:. Retrieved
1568:the original
1563:
1557:
1549:
1529:
1489:. Retrieved
1475:
1469:
1463:
1380:
1375:
1355:
1349:
1314:
1280:
1255:
1252:C. anguineus
1251:
1249:
1246:Reproduction
1232:
1221:
1204:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1172:Chiroteuthis
1170:
1152:
1137:
1115:
1103:
1099:
1088:
1057:
1025:
1020:
994:
980:
979:name of the
976:
965:
962:C. anguineus
961:
957:
954:spiral valve
950:C. anguineus
949:
945:
942:C. anguineus
941:
939:
887:
824:
818:
814:
761:
739:
735:
727:
720:evolutionary
703:
699:
692:
680:
674:
664:
653:
649:
646:Mesozoic era
617:Cladoselache
615:
595:
570:
564:
560:
545:
541:
540:(frill) and
537:
534:nomenclature
529:
509:
495:
458:egg capsules
445:
442:C. anguineus
441:
439:
403:
394:
375:anguilliform
366:
346:
345:
341:
339:
301:
299:
283:
282:
270:
29:
3066:NatureServe
3014:iNaturalist
2872:Wikispecies
2806:Notorynchus
2739:Hexanchidae
2714:C. africana
2222:Christiania
1491:19 November
1391:near-threat
1256:C. africana
1159:Nudibranchs
1155:cephalopods
1080:basal clade
1005:gulper eels
966:C. africana
958:C. africana
946:C. africana
928:Description
910:New Zealand
896:, north to
875:New England
871:West Africa
829:, northern
780:cephalopods
770:, favoring
732:Pleistocene
704:C. africana
655:Xenacanthus
550:common name
446:C. africana
426:cephalopods
42:Pleistocene
3191:Categories
2784:H. griseus
2665:Vertebrata
2663:Subphylum
2553:1042901090
2513:21 January
2352:2022-08-23
1433:References
1228:cephalopod
1181:, and the
1102:, and the
1074:featuring
1044:caudal fin
1032:dorsal fin
1013:gill slits
918:California
851:Mauritania
804:Suruga Bay
774:and other
772:upwellings
596:amphistyly
586:, sharks,
518:Sagami Bay
486:Suruga Bay
399:gill slits
379:amphistyly
226:Subclass:
2773:Hexanchus
2675:Subclass
2475:: 95–102.
2467:, Garm".
2432:0022-1112
2331:130714866
2247:(1): 1–5.
1847:2380-2359
1707:0036-8733
1574:7 October
1350:In 2004,
1337:gnomefish
1333:sea bream
1287:gestation
1240:digestion
1196:Todarodes
1163:bony fish
1120:, in the
1111:predators
1109:; and by
1096:trematoda
1089:Monorygma
1085:parasites
1009:viperfish
784:bony fish
671:cow shark
628:) in the
624:(419–359
612:cladodont
608:vertebrae
604:notochord
546:anguineus
506:taxonomic
430:bony fish
391:anal fins
278:Species:
196:Kingdom:
190:Eukaryota
3071:2.100560
3032:10938401
2988:FishBase
2967:46560142
2925:BioLib:
2857:Wikidata
2760:H. perlo
2683:Selachii
2659:Chordata
2653:Animalia
2651:Kingdom
2598:Archived
2581:FishBase
2450:32307702
2288:23393261
2159:: 1–18.
1925:: 1–18.
1865:33473392
1786:17838181
1668:FishBase
1612:: 47–55.
1405:See also
1345:fishmeal
1329:longline
1300:yolk sac
1193:and the
1130:mollusks
1107:nematode
1092:tapeworm
1068:buoyancy
1036:anal fin
997:nostrils
906:Tasmania
883:Suriname
831:Scotland
817:and the
792:Atlantic
702:and the
542:selachus
482:fishmeal
454:placenta
408:and the
406:Atlantic
256:Family:
210:Chordata
206:Phylum:
200:Animalia
186:Domain:
163:IUCN 3.1
46:Holocene
3167:ZooBank
3133:1093624
3006:2420627
2863:Q194312
2657:Phylum
2642:species
2638:Extant
2507:The Age
2441:7497067
2296:6112274
2268:Bibcode
2260:Science
2228:: 1–17.
2153:Zootaxa
1919:Zootaxa
1856:7799599
1766:Science
1327:-, and
1325:gillnet
1317:bycatch
1264:ovaries
1209:carrion
879:Georgia
847:Madeira
843:Morocco
835:Ireland
796:Pacific
600:cranium
592:sawfish
474:bycatch
410:Pacific
266:Genus:
246:Order:
216:Class:
161: (
133:At the
113:↓
3159:105831
3120:105831
3104:NZOR:
3045:159813
2980:124844
2928:138652
2913:ARKive
2669:Class
2551:
2541:
2448:
2438:
2430:
2329:
2294:
2286:
2186:
2115:281370
2113:
2069:
1863:
1853:
1845:
1784:
1705:
1634:
1537:
1341:shrimp
1291:uterus
1268:uterus
1266:and a
1187:, the
1175:, the
1094:, the
1064:lipids
1040:pelvic
1038:. The
914:Hawaii
898:Taiwan
890:Honshu
867:Brazil
859:Azores
839:France
827:Norway
794:- and
588:skates
576:period
538:chlamy
526:family
462:uterus
448:, are
389:, and
387:pelvic
383:dorsal
356:family
352:extant
311:, 1884
3154:WoRMS
3141:Plazi
3097:27585
3058:41794
3027:IRMNG
3019:47302
2975:EUNIS
2954:5Y8T6
2941:78163
2535:(PDF)
2327:S2CID
2292:S2CID
2111:S2CID
1321:trawl
1224:spawn
1167:squid
1060:liver
922:Chile
894:Japan
667:clade
522:genus
502:shark
3115:OBIS
3092:NCBI
3053:IUCN
3040:ITIS
3001:GBIF
2936:BOLD
2549:OCLC
2539:ISBN
2515:2015
2446:PMID
2428:ISSN
2284:PMID
2184:ISBN
2157:2173
2067:ISBN
1923:2173
1861:PMID
1843:ISSN
1782:PMID
1703:ISSN
1632:ISBN
1576:2014
1535:ISBN
1493:2021
1476:2016
1335:and
1295:yolk
1254:and
1149:Diet
1026:The
1007:and
975:The
944:and
908:and
877:and
584:rays
524:and
466:yolk
444:and
340:The
52:PreꞒ
3079:NBN
2993:635
2962:EoL
2949:CoL
2900:AFD
2887:ADW
2588:at
2579:at
2436:PMC
2420:doi
2383:doi
2319:doi
2276:doi
2264:339
2161:doi
2103:doi
2039:doi
1927:doi
1851:PMC
1833:doi
1774:doi
1737:doi
1695:doi
1480:doi
1323:-,
841:to
626:mya
476:in
3193::
3169::
3156::
3143::
3130::
3117::
3094::
3081::
3068::
3055::
3042::
3029::
3016::
3003::
2990::
2977::
2964::
2951::
2938::
2915::
2902::
2889::
2874::
2859::
2547:.
2505:.
2488:.
2471:.
2444:.
2434:.
2426:.
2416:97
2414:.
2410:.
2379:17
2377:.
2373:.
2361:^
2325:.
2315:28
2313:.
2290:.
2282:.
2274:.
2262:.
2243:.
2226:11
2224:.
2155:.
2151:.
2139:^
2123:^
2109:.
2099:48
2097:.
2081:^
2053:^
2035:57
2033:.
2029:.
2007:^
1999:37
1997:.
1969:^
1939:^
1921:.
1899:^
1859:.
1849:.
1841:.
1827:.
1823:.
1794:^
1780:.
1768:.
1764:.
1733:17
1731:.
1727:.
1715:^
1701:.
1691:56
1689:.
1685:.
1665:.
1646:^
1618:^
1610:16
1608:.
1604:.
1584:^
1562:.
1501:^
1474:.
1468:.
1440:^
1157:,
892:,
590:,
385:,
102:Pg
44:–
2819:)
2795:)
2786:)
2762:)
2725:)
2716:)
2631:e
2624:t
2617:v
2555:.
2517:.
2473:2
2452:.
2422::
2391:.
2385::
2355:.
2333:.
2321::
2298:.
2278::
2270::
2245:8
2192:.
2167:.
2163::
2117:.
2105::
2075:.
2047:.
2041::
1933:.
1929::
1894:.
1867:.
1835::
1829:1
1788:.
1776::
1770:3
1762:"
1745:.
1739::
1709:.
1697::
1663:"
1659:"
1640:.
1578:.
1560:"
1543:.
1495:.
1482::
1466:"
1462:"
1203:(
365:(
344:(
165:)
107:N
97:K
92:J
87:T
82:P
77:C
72:D
67:S
62:O
57:Ꞓ
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
