632:
larger hole of a cross-tuned design with an even shorter movement than in straight tuned sliders. The simple way of doing this is to construct the harmonica more like a traditional
Richter diatonic whereas the standard chromatic design shares more in common with the Knittlinger octave harmonicas. Note, however, the Renaissance uses a complex comb design to achieve their slider design. The second type of alternative design is found mostly in East Asia and is based more along the traditional Weiner tremolo construction. Here each reed is isolated in its own cell within the comb and the slider selects a single reed at a time rather than a cell containing both blow and draw reeds. The Tombo Ultimo is an example of this type of chromatic.
628:
the upper reed-plate (button out) or the lower reed-plate (button in). In the later half of the 20th century a new system came into use in which the slider played the upper and lower reed-plates at the same time, staggered by which hole (thus with the button out the player might play the upper reed-plate in hole 1, the lower reed-plate in hole 2, and then the upper again in hole 3 and so forth; pressing the button reversed this). This allows for a larger hole in the slider, and thus presumably more air gets through, allowing a louder volume. The two methods co-exist with some companies and players preferring one style and others another.
663:, whereby notes are flattened (instead of sharpened) when the slide is in. This makes playing Irish music and, to a certain extent, blues, easier, since Irish music is commonly played in either the key of D or key of G. The use of C, with no sharps or flats, and B, with all flats, allows common Irish modes to be played while the downward-tuning slide allows ornamentation in keeping with the Irish tradition. Irish tuning can be achieved easily by reversing the slide (flipping the slide upside down) of a chromatic in the key of B major; alternatively, one can use the B major as is, but with slide-in as the home position.
611:
classical music players (such as Franz Chmel), is that a good harmonica player should try his or her best to use the chromatic in the key of C; some even discourage switching to other keys. An alternative approach is to have several keys and play them as if playing key of F on a key of C. Although it still requires being able to play over complex changes, modulating and so forth, it enables the player to focus more on the music. Another approach is using altered tunings such as
Diminished, which requires learning to play three (or four) patterns and then be able to play in all keys.
576:. The "solo tuning" layout repeats itself at each octave, which simplifies playing in different octaves and keys in contrast to the Richter tuning system. Also, due to the windsavers on the low and mid-range holes, it can bend notes on both blow and draw notes, giving additional tonality if needed. In traditional harmonica bands, the chromatic harmonica plays the lead part.
607:, and legato phrasings available is limited, unless the harmonica is retuned from standard tuning; the lack of a G on the draw makes it impossible to play the G chords available on a Richter-tuned device. Thus, while a chromatic harmonica is well-suited for playing lead or melody, diatonic harmonicas have a greater advantage when playing harmony or accompaniment.
20:
123:
except that it eliminates the G on the draw and doubles the Cs that are not on the ends of the instrument. In the standard 12-hole chromatic in C the lowest note is middle C, while 16-hole variants start one octave lower. For the 16-hole variant, the layout is usually as follows. Note that the "D" in
627:
Chromatic harmonicas are often described as either "straight tuned" or "cross tuned". This refers to the way the slider is shaped to isolate the reed set being played at a given position (button "in" or button "out"). Traditionally the chromatic was "straight tuned" and the slider selected either
631:
There are at least two other types of slider design as well. The first one has holes side by side with each other in the slider, thus opening only the left side of the chamber or the right side depending on button position. The
Renaissance chromatic uses this design, which is claimed to mix the
610:
As the chromatic harmonica is designed to play melodies in any key, many 16-hole and special version chromatic are only made in the key of C. Because of this, there are many approaches to get over the limits of the chromatic harmonica: the first and the most common approach, encouraged mainly by
587:
While the chromatic harmonica is capable of playing in all keys, it does have limitations. For example, while chromatic harmonicas can "bend" notes down in pitch, as a single-reed bend it sounds quite different from the typical dual-reed bend of a blues harp, and can only bend downward by a
614:
Chromatic harmonicas tend to be significantly more expensive than their diatonic counterparts—with a typical chromatic harmonica selling at a price that is up to ten times higher than a simple diatonic harmonica. Chromatic harmonicas produced by reputable companies (such as
639:, as well as Tombo's S-50, Tombo's Chromatic Violin Range, and others. Tombo Chromatic Violin Range (three and a half octaves), as well as S-50 (three octaves) use the tremolo scale tuning system (but with only one-reed): in essence it is a C
2516:
112:
is available by definition, most professionals stick with the key of C—which is perhaps easier to remember, since slide in will automatically be the sharps of the associated note.
35:
that uses a button-activated sliding bar to redirect air from the hole in the mouthpiece to the selected reed-plate desired. When the button is not pressed, an altered
645:
tremolo harmonica sitting on top of a C tremolo harmonica, with blow and draw reeds each sitting in a single cell. The player switches between a top row tuned to C
579:
Stock chromatics are well suited for players who play chromatics in third position traditional
Chicago Blues, and benefit from having a selection of keys.
2520:
2312:
2517:
https://imslp.simssa.ca/files/imglnks/usimg/b/bc/IMSLP482830-PMLP153090-sir_starckwest_harmonica_chromatic_js_bach_toccata_dminor_transcription.mp3
2388:
2308:
592:" except on the upper four holes. However, dual-reed bends and overblows are possible on slideless chromatic harmonicas, as the
108:
Chromatic harmonicas are usually 12, 14 or 16 holes long. The 12-hole chromatic is available in 12 keys, but because the entire
659:
Like diatonic harmonicas, chromatics are available in numerous tunings. However, there are three more popular versions: one is
62:
2434:
2521:
https://ks.imslp.net/files/imglnks/usimg/5/53/IMSLP463227-PMLP752187-concerto_le_sommeil_des_voeux_orch_clakos_2017.mp3
635:
Finally, there are also several types of non-slide chromatic instruments available, particularly in Asia, such as the
50:. The chromatic harmonica can thus be contrasted with a standard harmonica, which can play only the notes in a given
2450:
1872:
This easily allows Imaj and IIm chords, as well as many others, to be played–a benefit for various musical styles.
66:
573:
2332:
636:
2534:
593:
42:
of the key of the harmonica is available, while depressing the button accesses the same scale a
2430:
2384:
124:
the last key-in draw note is common, though by no means present in all chromatic harmonicas.
78:
46:
higher in each hole. Thus, the instrument is capable of playing the 12 notes of the
Western
1469:, which is done by switching between the blow and draw of the fourth hole of each octave:
565:
109:
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47:
588:
semi-tone. Furthermore, unless the windsavers are removed, chromatic harmonicas cannot "
120:
98:
90:
86:
70:
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2404:
1062:/B pair. This allows playing chords in the key of F, as well as playing a C chord.
82:
74:
604:
116:
58:
51:
39:
2515:
Starckwest Claks interpreter, composer, transcriptor of the JS Bach toccata Dm
57:
Famously accomplished chromatic harmonica players include classical players
32:
2454:
589:
43:
36:
19:
616:
619:, Seydel, and Suzuki) range between 70 and 700 hundred US dollars.
568:
instrument, the chromatic harmonica is the instrument of choice in
2358:
2336:
651:
and a bottom tuned to C by changing the angle of the harmonica.
569:
2497:
23:
Hohner Super-Chromonica harmonica, a typical 12-hole chromatic
1879:
for natural and harmonic minor Im and IIdim normal position.
2476:
2466:- Pat Missin's FAQ: What is a slideless chromatic harmonica?
1465:Another popular version of alternative tuning is
115:Chromatic harmonicas are traditionally tuned to
119:, which has a similar layout to the diatonic's
2519:and harmonica concerto Le sommeil des voeux
8:
1050:, which is done by tuning the redundant C/C
2427:Alfred's Teach Yourself to Play Harmonica
2313:International Music Score Library Project
1883:
1473:
1066:
667:
599:Perhaps more importantly, the number of
128:
18:
2324:
1056:in holes 4′, 4, 8, and 12 blow into a B
7:
2383:. Petaluma, CA: Sher Music Company.
2405:"Defining the Chromatic Harmonica"
14:
2451:"What is a slideless chromatic?"
2429:. Van Nuys, CA: Alfred Music.
2381:Method for Chromatic Harmonica
1:
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2425:Manus, Ron (June 1994).
97:; and popular musicians
93:, Hendrik Meurkens, and
564:Because it is a fully
24:
2379:De Aloe, Max (2012).
22:
2309:Chromatic harmonica
1046:Another variant is
655:Alternative tunings
29:chromatic harmonica
2359:"Hendrik Meurkens"
2333:"Toots Thielemans"
1875:Another tuning is
25:
2339:on 23 August 2016
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110:chromatic scale
95:William Galison
77:; jazz players
67:Antonio Serrano
48:chromatic scale
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2498:"Suzuki Music"
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2390:978-1883217716
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121:Richter tuning
99:Norton Buffalo
91:Yvonnick Prene
87:Gregoire Maret
71:Sigmund Groven
15:
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623:Slider design
622:
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583:Disadvantages
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104:
103:Stevie Wonder
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
83:Mathias Heise
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
55:
53:
49:
45:
41:
38:
34:
31:is a type of
30:
21:
2514:
2501:. Retrieved
2492:
2480:. Retrieved
2471:
2459:. Retrieved
2455:the original
2445:
2426:
2420:
2408:. Retrieved
2399:
2380:
2374:
2362:. Retrieved
2353:
2341:. Retrieved
2337:the original
2327:
1877:minor tuning
1876:
1874:
1871:
1466:
1464:
1048:bebop tuning
1047:
1045:
661:Irish tuning
660:
658:
634:
630:
626:
613:
609:
605:double-stops
598:
586:
578:
563:
114:
107:
75:Willi Burger
63:Tommy Reilly
56:
28:
26:
117:solo tuning
59:Larry Adler
52:musical key
40:major scale
2461:2015-05-30
2436:0882846906
2319:References
594:Tombo S-50
560:Advantages
2535:Harmonica
566:chromatic
33:harmonica
2529:Category
2503:10 March
2482:10 March
2477:"Seydel"
2410:10 March
2364:10 March
2343:10 March
2286:♯
2278:♯
2264:♯
2256:♯
2242:♯
2234:♯
2220:♯
2212:♯
2193:♯
2182:♯
2171:♯
2160:♯
2149:♯
2138:♯
2127:♯
2116:♯
2046:♭
2029:♭
2012:♭
1995:♭
1978:key out
1973:♭
1962:♭
1951:♭
1940:♭
1929:♭
1918:♭
1907:♭
1896:♭
1862:♯
1854:♯
1846:♯
1838:♯
1830:♯
1822:♯
1814:♯
1806:♯
1798:♯
1790:♯
1782:♯
1774:♯
1766:♯
1758:♯
1750:♯
1742:♯
1723:♯
1712:♯
1701:♯
1690:♯
1679:♯
1668:♯
1657:♯
1646:♯
1528:key out
1452:♯
1444:♯
1436:♯
1425:♯
1417:♯
1409:♯
1398:♯
1390:♯
1382:♯
1371:♯
1363:♯
1355:♯
1336:♯
1325:♯
1314:♯
1303:♯
1292:♯
1281:♯
1270:♯
1259:♯
1141:key out
1136:♭
1119:♭
1102:♭
1085:♭
1059:♭
1053:♯
1036:♭
1028:♭
1017:♭
1009:♭
1001:♭
990:♭
982:♭
974:♭
963:♭
955:♭
947:♭
936:♭
917:♭
909:♭
895:♭
887:♭
873:♭
865:♭
851:♭
843:♭
722:key out
648:♯
642:♯
590:overblow
546:♯
538:♯
530:♯
519:♯
511:♯
503:♯
492:♯
484:♯
476:♯
465:♯
457:♯
449:♯
433:♯
425:♯
414:♯
406:♯
398:♯
387:♯
379:♯
371:♯
360:♯
352:♯
344:♯
333:♯
183:key out
44:semitone
37:diatonic
2201:key in
1731:key in
1344:key in
925:key in
438:key in
2433:
2387:
617:Hohner
601:chords
73:, and
2206:draw
2110:blow
1983:draw
1887:blow
1736:draw
1640:blow
1533:draw
1477:blow
1349:draw
1253:blow
1146:draw
1070:blow
930:draw
834:blow
727:draw
671:blow
443:draw
327:blow
188:draw
132:blow
2505:2014
2484:2014
2431:ISBN
2412:2014
2385:ISBN
2366:2014
2345:2014
572:and
570:jazz
101:and
27:The
2103:12
1633:12
1246:12
827:12
320:12
2531::
2294:C
2198:B
2100:11
2097:10
2067:4′
2064:3′
2061:2′
2058:1′
2051:B
1728:C
1630:11
1627:10
1597:4′
1594:3′
1591:2′
1588:1′
1581:C
1525:B
1457:C
1341:B
1243:11
1240:10
1210:4′
1207:3′
1204:2′
1201:1′
1194:B
922:B
824:11
821:10
791:4′
788:3′
785:2′
782:1′
775:B
719:C
603:,
596:.
551:D
318:16
315:11
313:15
310:10
308:14
303:13
298:12
293:11
288:10
260:4′
255:3′
250:2′
245:1′
236:B
180:C
105:.
89:,
85:,
81:,
69:,
65:,
61:,
54:.
2507:.
2486:.
2464:.
2439:.
2414:.
2393:.
2368:.
2347:.
2291:A
2283:F
2275:D
2272:C
2269:A
2261:F
2253:D
2250:C
2247:A
2239:F
2231:D
2228:C
2225:A
2217:F
2209:D
2190:G
2187:E
2179:C
2176:B
2168:G
2165:E
2157:C
2154:B
2146:G
2143:E
2135:C
2132:B
2124:G
2121:E
2113:C
2094:9
2091:8
2088:7
2085:6
2082:5
2079:4
2076:3
2073:2
2070:1
2043:A
2040:F
2037:D
2034:B
2026:A
2023:F
2020:D
2017:B
2009:A
2006:F
2003:D
2000:B
1992:A
1989:F
1986:D
1970:B
1967:G
1959:E
1956:C
1948:B
1945:G
1937:E
1934:C
1926:B
1923:G
1915:E
1912:C
1904:B
1901:G
1893:E
1890:C
1859:C
1851:A
1843:F
1835:D
1827:C
1819:A
1811:F
1803:D
1795:C
1787:A
1779:F
1771:D
1763:C
1755:A
1747:F
1739:D
1720:G
1717:F
1709:C
1706:C
1698:G
1695:F
1687:C
1684:C
1676:G
1673:F
1665:C
1662:C
1654:G
1651:F
1643:C
1624:9
1621:8
1618:7
1615:6
1612:5
1609:4
1606:3
1603:2
1600:1
1578:A
1575:F
1572:D
1569:C
1566:A
1563:F
1560:D
1557:C
1554:A
1551:F
1548:D
1545:C
1542:A
1539:F
1536:D
1522:G
1519:E
1516:C
1513:B
1510:G
1507:E
1504:C
1501:B
1498:G
1495:E
1492:C
1489:B
1486:G
1483:E
1480:C
1449:A
1441:F
1433:D
1430:C
1422:A
1414:F
1406:D
1403:C
1395:A
1387:F
1379:D
1376:C
1368:A
1360:F
1352:D
1333:G
1330:F
1322:C
1319:B
1311:G
1308:F
1300:C
1297:B
1289:G
1286:F
1278:C
1275:B
1267:G
1264:F
1256:C
1237:9
1234:8
1231:7
1228:6
1225:5
1222:4
1219:3
1216:2
1213:1
1191:A
1188:F
1185:D
1182:B
1179:A
1176:F
1173:D
1170:B
1167:A
1164:F
1161:D
1158:B
1155:A
1152:F
1149:D
1133:B
1130:G
1127:E
1124:C
1116:B
1113:G
1110:E
1107:C
1099:B
1096:G
1093:E
1090:C
1082:B
1079:G
1076:E
1073:C
1033:B
1025:A
1022:E
1014:D
1006:B
998:A
995:E
987:D
979:B
971:A
968:E
960:D
952:B
944:A
941:E
933:D
914:G
906:E
903:B
900:B
892:G
884:E
881:B
878:B
870:G
862:E
859:B
856:B
848:G
840:E
837:B
818:9
815:8
812:7
809:6
806:5
803:4
800:3
797:2
794:1
772:A
769:F
766:D
763:B
760:A
757:F
754:D
751:B
748:A
745:F
742:D
739:B
736:A
733:F
730:D
716:G
713:E
710:C
707:C
704:G
701:E
698:C
695:C
692:G
689:E
686:C
683:C
680:G
677:E
674:C
543:A
535:F
527:D
524:C
516:A
508:F
500:D
497:C
489:A
481:F
473:D
470:C
462:A
454:F
446:D
430:C
422:G
419:F
411:C
403:C
395:G
392:F
384:C
376:C
368:G
365:F
357:C
349:C
341:G
338:F
330:C
305:9
300:8
295:7
290:6
285:5
283:9
280:4
278:8
275:3
273:7
270:2
268:6
265:1
263:5
258:4
253:3
248:2
243:1
233:A
230:F
227:D
224:B
221:A
218:F
215:D
212:B
209:A
206:F
203:D
200:B
197:A
194:F
191:D
177:G
174:E
171:C
168:C
165:G
162:E
159:C
156:C
153:G
150:E
147:C
144:C
141:G
138:E
135:C
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