42:
66:
728:. The photosynthetic ability of these plastids was eventually lost in apicomplexans, colpodellids, perkinsids and other groups that transitioned into a predatory or parasitic lifestyle. The following cladogram summarizes alveolate relationships and the internal relationships among most genera within the chrompodellid clade (chromerids marked with asterisks):
2162:
Woo, Y. H.; Ansari, H.; Otto, T. D.; Klinger, C. M.; Kolisko, M.; Michálek, J.; Saxena, A.; Shanmugam, D.; Tayyrov, A.; Veluchamy, A.; Ali, S.; Bernal, A.; Del Campo, J.; Cihlář, J.; Flegontov, P.; Gornik, S. G.; Hajdušková, E.; Horák, A.; Janouškovec, J.; Katris, N. J.; Mast, F. D.;
2126:
Oborník, M; Modrý, D; Lukeš, M; Cernotíková-Stříbrná, E; Cihlář, J; Tesařová, M; Kotabová, E; Vancová, M; Prášil, O; Lukeš, J (2012). "Morphology, Ultrastructure and Life Cycle of
Vitrella brassicaformis n. sp., n. gen., a Novel Chromerid from the Great Barrier Reef".
2229:
1794:
Moore RB; Oborník M; Janouskovec J; Chrudimský T; Vancová M; Green DH; Wright SW; Davies NW; et al. (February 2008). "A photosynthetic alveolate closely related to apicomplexan parasites".
2376:; Timur G Simdyanov (1 November 2002). "The phylogeny of colpodellids (Alveolata) using small subunit rRNA gene sequences suggests they are the free-living sister group to apicomplexans".
657:
autospores, by contrast, start measuring 3 μm and grow up to 40 μm before transforming into sporangia that generate dozens of autospores or zoospores. There are two types of
2010:
Z. M. Myl'nikova; A. P. Myl'nikov (20 September 2009). "The morphology of predatory flagellate
Colpodella pseudoedax Mylnikov et Mylnikov, 2007 (Colpodellida, Alveolata)".
2562:
T. Cavalier-Smith; E.E. Chao (September 2004). "Protalveolate phylogeny and systematics and the origins of
Sporozoa and dinoflagellates (phylum Myzozoa nom. nov.)".
6594:
1722:"Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences"
6607:
2431:"Transcriptomic analysis reveals evidence for a cryptic plastid in the colpodellid Voromonas pontica, a close relative of chromerids and apicomplexan parasites"
2611:; Julius Lukeš (1 January 2011). "Morphology and ultrastructure of multiple life cycle stages of the photosynthetic relative of apicomplexa, Chromera velia".
1289:, were eventually rejected in his classification, but later revisions by other authors maintain them as independent genera supported by molecular data.
665:, the other develops axonemes and flagella within their cytoplasm and are ejected from the mother cell after maturing, though both types lack a pseudo-
6568:
2163:
Miranda-Saavedra, D.; Mourier, T.; Naeem, R.; Nair, M.; Panigrahi, A. K.; Rawlings, N. D.; Padron-Regalado, E.; Ramaprasad, A.; et al. (2015).
2751:
Jan Janouškovec; Gita
Paskerova; Tatiana S Miroliubova; Kirill V Mikhailov; Thomas Birley; Vladimir V. Aleoshin; Timur Simdyanov (16 August 2019).
1226:
studies reported the evolutionary proximity between colpodellids and chromerid algae. This was supported by the discovery of retained vestigial
5152:
2837:
2378:
2307:"Reconstruction of Plastid Proteomes of Apicomplexans and Close Relatives Reveals the Major Evolutionary Outcomes of Cryptic Plastids"
2053:
A. P. Mylnikov; Z. M. Mylnikova (24 September 2008). "Feeding spectra and pseudoconoid structure in predatory alveolate flagellates".
1582:
1253:, from which he excluded Perkinsida, leaving only colpodellids and chromerids across multiple orders. In addition, several genera of
617:
through binary division to develop autosporangia, which in turn harbor 2–4 autospores under an additional membrane. They also form
2508:"Nutrient Acquisition and Attachment Strategies in Basal Lineages: A Tough Nut to Crack in the Evolutionary Puzzle of Apicomplexa"
6633:
6499:
5186:
2878:
2564:
5181:
2873:
2311:
2706:
Ruth Patten (October 1936). "Notes on a New
Protozoon, Piridium sociabile n.gen., n.sp., from the Foot of Buccinum undatum".
1851:(21 January 2024). "How many species of algae are there? A reprise. Four kingdoms, 14 phyla, 63 classes and still growing".
5265:
5255:
5238:
2957:
2947:
2930:
315:, and they became collectively known as chrompodellids. Due to the history of their research, they are variously known in
629:
of apicomplexans. Sexual reproduction has not been observed. Under adverse environmental conditions, they form resistant
3116:
65:
1296:, under the name of Apicomonadea, was rejected by the International Society of Protistologists. In a 2019 revision of
2102:
1681:
6612:
1655:
2753:"Apicomplexan-like parasites are polyphyletic and widely but selectively dependent on cryptic plastid organelles"
316:
4709:
2225:"Factors mediating plastid dependency and the origins of parasitism in apicomplexans and their close relatives"
41:
2165:"Chromerid genomes reveal the evolutionary path from photosynthetic algae to obligate intracellular parasites"
6671:
5270:
5145:
4949:
4847:
4515:
3985:
2962:
2830:
1971:
A. P. Mylnikov (1 November 2009). "Ultrastructure and
Phylogeny of Colpodellids (Colpodellida, Alveolata)".
1214:
721:
51:
6426:
4003:
2708:
6666:
5233:
4758:
4278:
3297:
3236:
3158:
2925:
1717:
1147:
604:
3802:
3792:
2665:
2219:
Jan Janouškovec; Denis
Tikhonenkov; Fabien Burki; Alexis T Howe; Martin Kolísko; Alexander P Mylnikov;
4314:
3955:
3797:
3746:
3736:
678:
6638:
6555:
6504:
6473:
6341:
5011:
4864:
4306:
4290:
4286:
4282:
3938:
3838:
3050:
2444:
2238:
1853:
1803:
1307:
the previous name
Colpodellida to contain all chrompodellids, and treated it as a direct subgroup of
1304:
1258:
614:
202:
6346:
4999:
4987:
4938:
4560:
4254:
4238:
4234:
3980:
3926:
3751:
1406:
646:
212:
6048:
5832:
5005:
4982:
4965:
4572:
4310:
4246:
4183:
4140:
3997:
3992:
3820:
3332:
2997:
1364:
670:
523:
6204:
5065:
4869:
4835:
4806:
4552:
4481:
4298:
4242:
3741:
3694:
3326:
2991:
2982:
1184:. Although the inclusion of colpodellids within apicomplexans was not supported by other authors,
505:
6661:
6058:
5250:
5228:
5216:
5191:
5138:
5057:
5040:
5023:
4974:
4931:
4926:
4876:
4294:
4250:
4230:
4030:
3967:
3943:
3249:
3206:
3092:
3025:
2942:
2920:
2908:
2883:
2823:
2688:
2608:
2373:
2302:
2220:
1827:
226:
60:
5094:
5086:
5032:
4302:
3962:
3901:
3303:
3292:
3002:
1656:"Nomenclatural notes on algae. VIII. Automatically typified names for some groups of alveolates"
1166:) to contain what he considered one of the "most primitive flagellate apicomplexans", the genus
700:
ancestor, making chromerids the last remaining photosynthetic members of an otherwise parasitic
6546:
5070:
3194:
1415:
1279:
1008:
435:
6676:
6620:
6486:
6392:
6318:
6299:
6009:
5592:
5260:
5223:
5211:
5201:
5045:
4919:
4881:
4356:
4274:
3918:
3756:
3617:
3540:
3111:
2952:
2915:
2903:
2893:
2794:
2776:
2725:
2638:
2630:
2613:
2581:
2539:
2480:
2462:
2403:
2395:
2346:
2328:
2272:
2254:
2196:
2144:
2070:
2027:
1984:
1976:
1938:
1878:
1870:
1819:
1761:
1743:
1617:
1599:
1535:
1517:
1469:
821:
661:
zoospores: one is generated by budding from the mother cell and exhibits flagella outside the
6625:
6491:
3973:
1577:
6599:
6364:
6310:
6064:
5510:
5175:
4794:
4348:
4324:
4320:
4158:
4102:
3599:
3403:
3141:
2867:
2802:
2784:
2766:
2733:
2717:
2680:
2646:
2622:
2589:
2573:
2529:
2519:
2488:
2470:
2452:
2411:
2387:
2354:
2336:
2320:
2301:
Varsha Mathur; Eric D. Salomaki; Kevin C. Wakeman; Ina Na; Waldan K. Kwong; Martin Kolísko;
2280:
2262:
2246:
2186:
2176:
2136:
2078:
2062:
2035:
2019:
1992:
1946:
1930:
1886:
1862:
1848:
1811:
1769:
1751:
1735:
1625:
1607:
1591:
1543:
1525:
638:
372:
311:
analyses demonstrated that they are intermingled in a clade that is the closest relative to
6464:
6237:
5412:
4782:
4360:
4328:
4148:
4144:
4107:
4085:
4050:
3761:
3560:
3492:
3422:
3153:
3146:
1234:
containing the two groups, phylogenetically mixed with each other, which rendered both as
570:
403:
in their anterior flagellum, while others bear bulbs. Some species are capable of forming
708:. The apicomplexans, chrompodellids, perkinsids and dinoflagellates constitute the clade
2448:
2242:
1807:
6681:
6333:
6323:
6287:
6262:
5951:
5742:
5643:
5565:
5374:
5206:
4677:
4593:
4503:
4424:
4364:
4334:
4117:
4061:
4038:
3861:
3622:
3577:
3410:
3390:
3279:
3045:
2898:
2850:
2789:
2752:
2534:
2507:
2475:
2430:
2391:
2341:
2306:
2267:
2224:
2191:
2164:
1756:
1721:
1612:
1348:
1301:
1274:
1197:
1054:
713:
694:
630:
547:
513:
404:
388:
356:
297:
103:
90:
1530:
1505:
6655:
6369:
6168:
6160:
5990:
5911:
5851:
5762:
5465:
4943:
4852:
4692:
4641:
4628:
4611:
4535:
4382:
4270:
4191:
4112:
4067:
4055:
4020:
3812:
3723:
3653:
3565:
3548:
3427:
3268:
3255:
3087:
593:
582:
2692:
1831:
476:
prey cells, but rather fully or partially "suck" their contents, a process known as
399:
that are heterodynamic (i.e. move in different patterns). Some species exhibit thin
6402:
6229:
6209:
6149:
6053:
6026:
5973:
5931:
5898:
5673:
5451:
5390:
5105:
4811:
4799:
4753:
4733:
4682:
4659:
4527:
4510:
4498:
4441:
4429:
4393:
4370:
4264:
4260:
4226:
4168:
4163:
4152:
4136:
4132:
4094:
3949:
3931:
3855:
3665:
3641:
3629:
3471:
3451:
3434:
3415:
3381:
3317:
3201:
3171:
3069:
1447:
1385:
1312:
1235:
1223:
1189:
1185:
690:
618:
589:
469:
443:
360:
308:
286:
274:
217:
207:
2524:
2626:
2457:
2140:
6581:
6540:
6458:
6293:
6219:
6071:
6035:
6015:
5963:
5937:
5827:
5775:
5748:
5730:
5703:
5470:
5339:
5328:
4993:
4914:
4897:
4787:
4778:
4715:
4703:
4697:
4602:
4448:
4435:
4208:
4173:
4127:
4122:
3893:
3831:
3682:
3610:
3604:
3553:
3519:
3499:
3367:
3261:
3244:
3224:
3183:
3128:
3099:
3074:
1726:
1344:
1293:
1254:
1177:
1097:
1039:
780:
578:
497:
477:
400:
384:
380:
376:
312:
278:
6531:
6449:
2577:
2230:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1934:
6374:
6198:
6189:
6174:
6042:
5979:
5838:
5799:
5794:
5680:
5597:
5492:
5404:
5099:
4840:
4745:
4722:
4670:
4664:
4622:
4616:
4565:
4540:
4490:
4417:
4405:
4399:
4375:
4220:
4216:
4196:
4073:
4043:
3873:
3773:
3768:
3711:
3705:
3658:
3646:
3634:
3586:
3459:
3439:
3213:
3176:
3134:
3122:
3033:
2721:
2372:
Olga N Kuvardina; Brian S Leander; Vladimir V Aleshin; Alexander P Myl'nikov;
2110:(PhD thesis). Czech Republic: University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice.
2066:
2023:
1739:
1425:
1373:
1297:
1285:
1173:
1168:
1113:
938:
872:
633:
that remain viable for years. Similarly to apicomplexans, they undergo closed
626:
625:
that strongly resemble colpodellids. This dispersal process is similar to the
501:
462:
446:
423:
417:
392:
183:
175:
2780:
2729:
2634:
2585:
2466:
2399:
2332:
2324:
2258:
2074:
2031:
1980:
1942:
1874:
1747:
1603:
1521:
6273:
6214:
5922:
5887:
5845:
5822:
5804:
5691:
5627:
5502:
5379:
5322:
5309:
5161:
4906:
4817:
4727:
4652:
4634:
4577:
4453:
4387:
3849:
3843:
3825:
3699:
3670:
3594:
3476:
3398:
3337:
3164:
2854:
2846:
2815:
2358:
2250:
2082:
2039:
1890:
1578:"Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes"
1576:
Sina M. Adl; David Bass; Christopher E. Lane; et al. (1 January 2019).
1435:
1359:
As of 2023, chrompodellids are divided into four families and seven genera:
1308:
1249:
Between 2004 and 2017, Cavalier-Smith retained the classification scheme of
1202:
921:
735:
705:
662:
600:
574:
558:
481:
454:
440:
429:
364:
270:
116:
77:
5130:
2798:
2642:
2543:
2484:
2407:
2350:
2276:
2200:
2148:
1988:
1882:
1823:
1765:
1621:
449:. They live as biflagellated single cells, 5–20 μm in length, with an open
55:, a chromerid (vc: vegetative cell, zs: zoosporangium, as: autosporangium)
2806:
2737:
2650:
2593:
2492:
2415:
2284:
1996:
1950:
1773:
1629:
1547:
1539:
1277:, these genera have been excluded from later classifications. Two genera,
307:. These groups were independently discovered and described, but molecular
17:
6525:
6443:
6280:
6242:
6143:
6120:
5667:
5662:
5654:
5584:
5459:
5334:
5317:
5295:
5245:
4857:
4770:
4646:
4411:
3906:
3867:
3785:
3729:
3530:
3218:
3080:
3057:
2937:
2435:
1456:
1394:
1218:
in 2012. They showed morphological resemblance to colpodellids and other
1181:
896:
838:
725:
653:
622:
609:
542:
536:
518:
489:
485:
396:
352:
289:
266:
2771:
2181:
1921:
Zoltán Füssy; Miroslav Oborník (2017). "Chromerids and Their
Plastids".
1815:
6586:
6573:
6396:
6131:
5968:
5814:
5721:
5710:
5574:
5480:
5436:
5344:
3779:
3717:
3464:
3356:
3273:
3104:
3062:
3038:
3016:
2684:
1340:
1227:
1219:
752:
717:
709:
697:
634:
550:
509:
493:
458:
126:
1866:
1595:
1208:
in 2001. It was described in 2008 as the first member of a new phylum
516:
and divide into tetrads, similarly to the development of zoospores in
5786:
5516:
5418:
5360:
3188:
1336:
1316:
1172:. This order was introduced in the class Apicomonadea along with the
1163:
666:
566:
473:
450:
368:
336:
304:
6420:
1230:
in some colpodellid species. In 2015 there was strong support for a
457:
used to hunt. They present genetic sequences of non-photosynthetic
6356:
5996:
2757:
1231:
1205:
701:
621:, up to 15 μm in diameter, capable of generating 2–10 flagellated
562:
554:
522:. The cells conjugate after leaving the cyst, which could imply a
348:
300:
262:
6560:
6478:
5613:
1682:"Таксономический ранг и место в системе протистов Colpodellida"
1339:. However, other authors consider them a subgroup of the phylum
1155:
328:
6424:
5134:
2819:
1687:[Taxonomic rank and place of Colpodellida in a system]
1654:
Eduardo A. Molinari-Novoa; Michael D. Guiry (30 October 2023).
599:
The two genera are markedly different from each other, both in
2607:
Miroslav Oborník; Marie Vancová; De-Hua Lai; Jan Janouškovec;
1684:
Taksonomicheskiy rang i mesto v sisteme protistov Colpodellida
1176:. Cavalier-Smith treats this class as a member of the phylum
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
512:. After feeding, they internalize their flagella, become
1180:, while "true" apicomplexans are united under the name
689:
Chrompodellids are the closest living relatives of the
2557:
2555:
2553:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
565:. For most of their life cycle, they live as round (
6515:
6433:
6355:
6332:
6309:
6259:
6228:
6188:
6159:
6130:
6118:
6025:
5989:
5950:
5921:
5897:
5884:
5813:
5785:
5761:
5720:
5690:
5653:
5640:
5610:
5583:
5563:
5501:
5479:
5433:
5403:
5388:
5357:
5308:
5293:
5085:
5056:
5031:
5022:
4973:
4964:
4905:
4896:
4828:
4769:
4744:
4601:
4592:
4551:
4526:
4489:
4480:
4347:
4207:
4182:
4093:
4084:
4029:
4018:
3917:
3892:
3811:
3681:
3585:
3576:
3539:
3528:
3517:
3450:
3389:
3380:
3365:
3354:
3325:
3316:
3235:
3024:
3015:
2990:
2981:
2506:Andrea Valigurová; Isabelle Florent (2 July 2021).
2214:
2212:
2210:
573:called autospores, surrounded by a thick resistant
1335:, in accordance to the nomenclatural rules of the
355:containing two functionally different groups: the
1292:The treatment of chrompodellids as a subgroup of
2096:
2094:
2092:
1680:A.P. Mylnikov; M.V. Krylov; A.O. Frolov (2000).
169:Cavalier-Smith 1993 emend. Adl et al. 2005, 2019
2121:
2119:
2117:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1480:but not formalized as a member of Vitrellaceae)
669:. Some zoospores fuse, possibly representing a
2296:
2294:
645:produces high amounts of an exclusive type of
5146:
2831:
1973:Russian Academy of Sciences. Biology Bulletin
8:
2429:Gillian H Gile; Claudio H Slamovits (2014).
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1843:
1841:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1238:. The clade was given the provisional name "
395:with two anisokont (i.e. differently sized)
1315:advocated for this treatment as a separate
6421:
6306:
6136:
6127:
6115:
6022:
5986:
5956:
5903:
5894:
5881:
5767:
5696:
5650:
5637:
5620:
5607:
5580:
5560:
5556:
5485:
5443:
5400:
5396:
5367:
5305:
5301:
5290:
5286:
5153:
5139:
5131:
5028:
4970:
4902:
4598:
4486:
4477:
4090:
4026:
3687:
3582:
3536:
3525:
3386:
3377:
3373:
3362:
3322:
3021:
2987:
2978:
2838:
2824:
2816:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
391:, a micropore and a rostrum. They live as
40:
31:
2788:
2770:
2533:
2523:
2474:
2456:
2340:
2266:
2190:
2180:
1755:
1611:
1529:
613:autospores are 5–7 μm in diameter. They
415:Colpodellids, represented by the genera
1489:
1319:, and regularized it under the name of
1311:, independent from Apicomplexa. Later,
273:supergroup. It comprises two different
6411:denotes groups with over 1,000 species
673:stage in the life cycle. In addition,
534:Chromerids, represented by the genera
7:
2666:"Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Monaden"
1188:studies demonstrated that they were
1506:"Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla"
1201:, was discovered and isolated from
1032:
913:
888:
864:
813:
806:
795:
773:
766:
759:
748:
741:
731:
383:-like structure similar to that of
2673:Archiv für Mikroskopische Anatomie
2392:10.1111/J.1550-7408.2002.TB00235.X
2379:Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
1583:Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
1504:T Cavalier-Smith (December 1993).
25:
1410:A.G.B.Simpson & D.J.Patterson
2565:European Journal of Protistology
693:parasites, which evolved from a
64:
2312:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1343:, together with apicomplexans,
359:"chromerids" and the predatory
237:Cavalier-Smith 1993 emend. 2017
5890:
5886:
5646:
5642:
1923:Advances in Botanical Research
1:
2525:10.3390/microorganisms9071430
1327:, composed of a single class
49:Typical life cycle stages of
2627:10.1016/J.PROTIS.2010.02.004
2458:10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0096258
2141:10.1016/j.protis.2011.09.001
1257:were added on the basis of
379:underneath. They exhibit a
363:"colpodellids". Like other
6698:
2578:10.1016/J.EJOP.2004.01.002
2104:Genomes of Chromerid Algae
1935:10.1016/BS.ABR.2017.07.001
1461:Oborník & J.Lukeš 2012
1451:Oborník & J.Lukeš 2012
1389:Oborník & J.Lukeš 2011
1222:. In the following years,
1195:The first chromerid alga,
553:, and are thus considered
343:Description and life cycle
303:that live as symbionts of
6387:
6139:
6114:
5959:
5906:
5880:
5770:
5699:
5636:
5623:
5606:
5559:
5555:
5488:
5446:
5399:
5370:
5304:
5289:
5285:
5169:
4476:
3690:
3487:
3376:
3290:
2977:
2861:
2722:10.1017/S003118200002268X
2067:10.1134/S1995082908030036
2024:10.1134/S199508290903002X
1740:10.1007/S00709-017-1147-3
1111:
1094:
1052:
1037:
1030:
1006:
935:
918:
911:
893:
886:
869:
862:
835:
818:
811:
804:
793:
778:
771:
764:
757:
746:
739:
720:derived from an event of
637:, without dissolving the
468:Some species, considered
317:biological classification
232:
225:
199:
194:
181:
174:
141:Molinari & Guiry 2023
61:Scientific classification
59:
48:
39:
34:
5616:
5612:
1683:
1242:", later referred to as
1146:In 1993, protozoologist
4516:Vitrella brassicaformis
2251:10.1073/PNAS.1423790112
1510:Microbiological Reviews
1215:Vitrella brassicaformis
1158:, later regularized as
722:secondary endosymbiosis
712:, characterized by the
367:, they present tubular
52:Vitrella brassicaformis
2664:L. Cienkowski (1865).
2325:10.1093/MOLBEV/MSAD002
1246:by posterior studies.
3237:Postciliodesmatophora
2101:Jan Michálek (2020).
1718:Thomas Cavalier-Smith
1399:R.B.Moore et al. 2008
1162:in accordance to the
1148:Thomas Cavalier-Smith
371:and highly flattened
369:mitochondrial cristae
347:Chrompodellids are a
3939:Eleutheroschizonidae
3051:Cariacothrix caudata
2609:Patrick John Keeling
2374:Patrick John Keeling
2303:Patrick John Keeling
2223:(25 February 2015).
2221:Patrick John Keeling
2055:Inland Water Biology
2012:Inland Water Biology
1854:Journal of Phycology
1720:(5 September 2017).
1150:described the order
569:) brownish immobile
461:, evidence of their
155:Mylnikov et al. 2000
6288:Gunflint microbiota
6049:Klebsormidiophyceae
5833:Hyphochytriomycetes
4184:Blastogregarinorina
4141:Oligochaetocystinae
2772:10.7554/ELIFE.49662
2449:2014PLoSO...996258G
2243:2015PNAS..11210200J
2237:(33): 10200–10207.
2182:10.7554/eLife.06974
1816:10.1038/nature06635
1808:2008Natur.451..959M
1440:Cavalier-Smith 2004
1420:Cavalier-Smith 2004
1331:and a single order
615:asexually reproduce
581:in each cell, with
577:. They contain one
27:Clade of alveolates
6059:Coleochaetophyceae
5439:
5435:
5363:
5359:
4279:Amphiplatysporidae
4231:Cephaloidophoridae
4031:Archigregarinorida
3026:Intramacronucleata
2685:10.1007/BF02961414
2305:(4 January 2023).
439:, are free-living
151:Chromeridophycidae
6649:
6648:
6621:Open Tree of Life
6487:Open Tree of Life
6427:Taxon identifiers
6418:
6417:
6383:
6382:
6319:Spironematellidae
6300:Meteora sporadica
6255:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6184:
6183:
6110:
6109:
6106:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6094:
6093:
6090:
6089:
6086:
6085:
6082:
6081:
6010:Prasinodermophyta
5946:
5945:
5876:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5868:
5867:
5864:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5757:
5756:
5593:Centroplasthelida
5551:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5429:
5428:
5353:
5352:
5128:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5081:
5080:
4960:
4959:
4892:
4891:
4588:
4587:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4357:Schizogregarinina
4343:
4342:
4014:
4013:
3919:Protococcidiorida
3888:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3803:Selenococcidiidae
3793:Elleipsisomatidae
3757:Cryptosporidiidae
3618:Haemogregarinidae
3541:Agamococcidiorida
3513:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3312:
3311:
3112:Oligohymenophorea
3011:
3010:
1867:10.1111/JPY.13431
1802:(7181): 959–963.
1596:10.1111/JEU.12691
1476:(sister group to
1329:Chromeridophyceae
1273:. Due to lacking
1142:Taxonomic history
1133:
1132:
1124:
1123:
1083:
1082:
1074:
1073:
1065:
1064:
1019:
1018:
995:
994:
986:
985:
977:
976:
968:
967:
959:
958:
950:
949:
851:
850:
269:belonging to the
265:of single-celled
256:
255:
243:Moore et al. 2008
170:
156:
142:
137:Chromeridophyceae
16:(Redirected from
6689:
6642:
6641:
6629:
6628:
6616:
6615:
6603:
6602:
6590:
6589:
6577:
6576:
6564:
6563:
6551:
6550:
6549:
6536:
6535:
6534:
6508:
6507:
6495:
6494:
6482:
6481:
6469:
6468:
6467:
6454:
6453:
6452:
6422:
6365:Collodictyonidae
6311:Hemimastigophora
6307:
6266:
6137:
6128:
6124:
6116:
6065:Zygnematophyceae
6023:
6003:
5987:
5957:
5904:
5895:
5891:
5882:
5768:
5697:
5651:
5647:
5638:
5621:
5617:
5608:
5581:
5568:
5561:
5557:
5511:Choanoflagellata
5486:
5444:
5440:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5368:
5364:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5291:
5287:
5198:
5178:
5155:
5148:
5141:
5132:
5029:
4971:
4903:
4795:Duboscquellaceae
4599:
4487:
4478:
4349:Neogregarinorida
4325:Actinocephalidae
4321:Stylocephaloidea
4315:Trichorhynchidae
4159:Schaudinnellidae
4103:Aikinetocystidae
4091:
4027:
3956:Eleutheroschizon
3798:Lankesterellidae
3747:Calyptosporiidae
3737:Atoxoplasmatidae
3688:
3600:Dactylosomatidae
3583:
3537:
3526:
3387:
3378:
3374:
3363:
3323:
3142:Parablepharismea
3117:Ichthyophthirius
3022:
2988:
2979:
2890:
2870:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2792:
2774:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2670:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2559:
2548:
2547:
2537:
2527:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2478:
2460:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2344:
2298:
2289:
2288:
2270:
2216:
2205:
2204:
2194:
2184:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2123:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2098:
2087:
2086:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1968:
1955:
1954:
1918:
1895:
1894:
1849:Michael D. Guiry
1845:
1836:
1835:
1791:
1778:
1777:
1759:
1714:
1701:
1700:
1690:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1660:
1651:
1634:
1633:
1615:
1573:
1552:
1551:
1533:
1501:
1475:
1467:Incertae sedis:
1462:
1452:
1441:
1431:
1421:
1411:
1400:
1390:
1379:
1369:
1300:classification,
1033:
914:
889:
865:
814:
807:
796:
774:
767:
760:
749:
742:
732:
679:vaucheriaxanthin
639:nuclear envelope
571:vegetative cells
557:. They exist in
373:cortical alveoli
250:
247:Chromeridophyta
244:
238:
168:
154:
140:
69:
68:
44:
32:
21:
6697:
6696:
6692:
6691:
6690:
6688:
6687:
6686:
6652:
6651:
6650:
6645:
6637:
6632:
6624:
6619:
6611:
6606:
6598:
6593:
6585:
6580:
6572:
6567:
6559:
6554:
6545:
6544:
6539:
6530:
6529:
6524:
6511:
6503:
6498:
6490:
6485:
6477:
6472:
6463:
6462:
6457:
6448:
6447:
6442:
6429:
6419:
6414:
6379:
6351:
6342:Ancyromonadidae
6328:
6305:
6260:
6247:
6238:Malawimonadidae
6224:
6180:
6155:
6119:
6078:
6021:
5994:
5993:
5985:
5942:
5917:
5885:
5856:
5809:
5781:
5753:
5716:
5686:
5641:
5632:
5611:
5602:
5579:
5564:
5523:
5497:
5475:
5434:
5425:
5389:
5384:
5358:
5349:
5294:
5281:
5280:
5196:
5174:
5165:
5159:
5129:
5112:
5077:
5052:
5018:
5012:Rhizellobiopsis
4956:
4888:
4865:Pronoctilucidae
4824:
4783:Amoebophryaceae
4765:
4740:
4691:Without theca:
4584:
4547:
4522:
4460:
4361:Caulleryellidae
4339:
4329:Stylocephalidae
4307:Sphaerocystidae
4291:Dactylophoridae
4287:Cnemidosporidae
4283:Brustiophoridae
4203:
4178:
4149:Stomatophorinae
4145:Rhynchocystinae
4108:Allantocystidae
4086:Eugregarinorida
4080:
4051:Selenidioididae
4023:
4010:
3913:
3880:
3839:Toxoplasmatinae
3807:
3762:Cryptosporidium
3677:
3572:
3561:Rhytidocystidae
3533:
3522:
3505:
3493:Cardiosporidium
3483:
3446:
3423:Leucocytozoidae
3370:
3359:
3342:
3308:
3286:
3231:
3154:Phyllopharyngea
3147:Parablepharisma
3007:
2973:
2972:
2888:
2866:
2857:
2844:
2814:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2668:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2561:
2560:
2551:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2300:
2299:
2292:
2218:
2217:
2208:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2125:
2124:
2115:
2107:
2100:
2099:
2090:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1970:
1969:
1958:
1920:
1919:
1898:
1847:
1846:
1839:
1793:
1792:
1781:
1716:
1715:
1704:
1688:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1663:Notulae Algarum
1658:
1653:
1652:
1637:
1575:
1574:
1555:
1503:
1502:
1491:
1487:
1473:
1460:
1450:
1439:
1430:Cienkowsky 1865
1429:
1419:
1409:
1398:
1388:
1377:
1368:Adl et al. 2019
1367:
1357:
1349:dinoflagellates
1325:Chromeridophyta
1302:protistologists
1144:
1139:
1134:
1125:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1020:
996:
987:
978:
969:
960:
951:
852:
687:
641:. In addition,
532:
484:. They feed on
480:, common among
413:
351:of unicellular
345:
248:
242:
236:
203:Alphamonadaceae
190:
189:Cienkowsky 1865
187:
167:
153:
139:
63:
35:Chrompodellids
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6695:
6693:
6685:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6672:Microorganisms
6669:
6664:
6654:
6653:
6647:
6646:
6644:
6643:
6630:
6617:
6604:
6591:
6578:
6565:
6552:
6537:
6521:
6519:
6513:
6512:
6510:
6509:
6496:
6483:
6470:
6455:
6439:
6437:
6431:
6430:
6425:
6416:
6415:
6413:
6412:
6406:
6399:
6395:excluded from
6388:
6385:
6384:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6361:
6359:
6353:
6352:
6350:
6349:
6347:Planomonadidae
6344:
6338:
6336:
6334:Ancyromonadida
6330:
6329:
6327:
6326:
6324:Paramastigidae
6321:
6315:
6313:
6304:
6303:
6296:
6290:
6284:
6276:
6269:
6267:
6263:Incertae sedis
6257:
6256:
6253:
6252:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6245:
6240:
6234:
6232:
6226:
6225:
6223:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6194:
6192:
6186:
6185:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6178:
6171:
6165:
6163:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6153:
6146:
6140:
6134:
6125:
6112:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6104:
6103:
6100:
6099:
6096:
6095:
6092:
6091:
6088:
6087:
6084:
6083:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6076:
6068:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6039:
6031:
6029:
6020:
6019:
6012:
6006:
6004:
5984:
5983:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5960:
5954:
5952:Archaeplastida
5948:
5947:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5940:
5935:
5927:
5925:
5919:
5918:
5916:
5915:
5907:
5901:
5892:
5878:
5877:
5874:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5862:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5854:
5849:
5842:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5819:
5817:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5791:
5789:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5779:
5771:
5765:
5759:
5758:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5751:
5746:
5743:Dinoflagellata
5739:
5737:Chrompodellida
5734:
5726:
5724:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5714:
5707:
5700:
5694:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5684:
5677:
5670:
5665:
5659:
5657:
5648:
5634:
5633:
5631:
5630:
5624:
5618:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5595:
5589:
5587:
5578:
5577:
5571:
5569:
5566:Diaphoretickes
5553:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5537:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5513:
5507:
5505:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5489:
5483:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5455:
5447:
5441:
5431:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5423:
5415:
5409:
5407:
5394:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5377:
5371:
5365:
5355:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5325:
5320:
5314:
5312:
5299:
5283:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5271:Mesomycetozoea
5268:
5263:
5253:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5220:
5219:
5207:Diaphoretickes
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5171:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5164:classification
5160:
5158:
5157:
5150:
5143:
5135:
5126:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5091:
5089:
5083:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5062:
5060:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5050:
5037:
5035:
5026:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5000:Parallobiopsis
4988:Elliobiocystis
4979:
4977:
4968:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4939:Rastromonadida
4936:
4924:
4911:
4909:
4900:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4874:
4862:
4850:
4845:
4832:
4830:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4822:
4804:
4792:
4775:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4750:
4748:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4720:
4688:
4687:
4678:Prorocentrales
4675:
4657:
4639:
4610:With a theca:
4607:
4605:
4596:
4594:Dinoflagellata
4590:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4570:
4561:Alphamonadidae
4557:
4555:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4532:
4530:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4508:
4504:Chromera velia
4495:
4493:
4484:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4446:
4425:Schizocystidae
4422:
4380:
4368:
4365:Ophryocystidae
4353:
4351:
4345:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4335:Blabericolidae
4332:
4318:
4268:
4258:
4255:Uradiophoridae
4239:Didymophoridae
4235:Cephalolobidae
4224:
4213:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4188:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4118:Enterocystidae
4115:
4110:
4105:
4099:
4097:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4062:Meroselenidium
4048:
4039:Exoschizonidae
4035:
4033:
4024:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
3990:
3981:Mackinnoniidae
3978:
3960:
3936:
3927:Angeiocystidae
3923:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3898:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3862:Nephroisospora
3836:
3817:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3766:
3754:
3752:Caryotrophidae
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3691:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3663:
3651:
3639:
3627:
3623:Haemogregarina
3615:
3597:
3591:
3589:
3580:
3578:Eucoccidiorida
3574:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3558:
3545:
3543:
3534:
3529:
3523:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3496:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3469:
3456:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3432:
3420:
3411:Haemoproteidae
3408:
3395:
3393:
3391:Haemospororida
3384:
3371:
3366:
3360:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3331:
3329:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3280:Tracheloraphis
3266:
3241:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3211:
3199:
3181:
3169:
3151:
3139:
3109:
3097:
3085:
3067:
3055:
3046:Cariacotrichea
3043:
3030:
3028:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3008:
2996:
2994:
2985:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2963:Mesomycetozoea
2960:
2955:
2945:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2899:Diaphoretickes
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2820:
2813:
2812:
2743:
2698:
2679:(1): 203–232.
2656:
2621:(1): 115–130.
2599:
2572:(3): 185–212.
2549:
2512:Microorganisms
2498:
2421:
2386:(6): 498–504.
2364:
2319:(1): msad002.
2290:
2206:
2154:
2135:(2): 306–323.
2113:
2088:
2061:(3): 210–216.
2045:
2018:(3): 199–204.
2002:
1975:(6): 685–694.
1956:
1896:
1837:
1779:
1734:(1): 297–357.
1702:
1695:(in Russian).
1693:Parazitologiya
1672:
1635:
1553:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1432:
1422:
1407:Colpodellaceae
1403:
1402:
1401:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1356:
1355:Classification
1353:
1275:molecular data
1244:Chrompodellida
1240:chrompodellids
1212:, followed by
1198:Chromera velia
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1055:Dinoflagellata
1051:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1005:
1002:
1001:
998:
997:
993:
992:
989:
988:
984:
983:
980:
979:
975:
974:
971:
970:
966:
965:
962:
961:
957:
956:
953:
952:
948:
947:
944:
943:
934:
931:
930:
927:
926:
917:
912:
910:
907:
906:
903:
902:
892:
887:
885:
882:
881:
878:
877:
868:
863:
861:
858:
857:
854:
853:
849:
848:
845:
844:
834:
831:
830:
827:
826:
817:
812:
810:
805:
803:
800:Chrompodellida
794:
792:
789:
788:
785:
784:
777:
772:
770:
765:
763:
758:
756:
747:
745:
740:
738:
730:
714:apical complex
695:photosynthetic
686:
683:
647:isofucoxanthin
548:photosynthetic
531:
528:
412:
409:
389:apical complex
357:photosynthetic
344:
341:
298:photosynthetic
259:Chrompodellids
254:
253:
252:
251:
245:
239:
230:
229:
223:
222:
221:
220:
215:
213:Colpodellaceae
210:
205:
197:
196:
192:
191:
188:
179:
178:
172:
171:
162:
158:
157:
148:
144:
143:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
107:
106:
101:
94:
93:
91:Diaphoretickes
88:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
57:
56:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6694:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6659:
6657:
6640:
6635:
6631:
6627:
6622:
6618:
6614:
6609:
6605:
6601:
6596:
6592:
6588:
6583:
6579:
6575:
6570:
6566:
6562:
6557:
6553:
6548:
6542:
6538:
6533:
6527:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6518:
6514:
6506:
6501:
6497:
6493:
6488:
6484:
6480:
6475:
6471:
6466:
6460:
6456:
6451:
6445:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6436:
6432:
6428:
6423:
6410:
6407:
6404:
6400:
6398:
6394:
6391:¹traditional
6390:
6389:
6386:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6370:Mantamonadida
6368:
6366:
6363:
6362:
6360:
6358:
6354:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6339:
6337:
6335:
6331:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6316:
6314:
6312:
6308:
6302:
6301:
6297:
6295:
6291:
6289:
6285:
6283:
6282:
6277:
6275:
6271:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6264:
6258:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6231:
6227:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6200:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6191:
6187:
6177:
6176:
6172:
6170:
6169:Heterolobosea
6167:
6166:
6164:
6162:
6161:Discicristata
6158:
6152:
6151:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6141:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6129:
6126:
6122:
6117:
6113:
6074:
6073:
6069:
6067:
6066:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6044:
6040:
6038:
6037:
6033:
6032:
6030:
6028:
6024:
6018:
6017:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6007:
6005:
6001:
6000:
5992:
5991:Viridiplantae
5988:
5982:
5981:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5949:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5933:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5924:
5920:
5914:
5913:
5912:Microheliella
5909:
5908:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5896:
5893:
5889:
5883:
5879:
5853:
5852:Actinophryida
5850:
5848:
5847:
5843:
5841:
5840:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5820:
5818:
5816:
5812:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5788:
5784:
5778:
5777:
5773:
5772:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5763:Stramenopiles
5760:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5744:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5732:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5719:
5713:
5712:
5708:
5705:
5702:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5689:
5683:
5682:
5678:
5676:
5675:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5660:
5658:
5656:
5652:
5649:
5645:
5639:
5635:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5622:
5619:
5615:
5609:
5605:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5586:
5582:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5519:
5518:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5504:
5500:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5478:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5466:Ichthyosporea
5464:
5462:
5461:
5456:
5454:
5453:
5449:
5448:
5445:
5442:
5438:
5432:
5421:
5420:
5416:
5414:
5413:Rotosphaerida
5411:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5395:
5392:
5387:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5375:Apusomonadida
5373:
5372:
5369:
5366:
5362:
5356:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5300:
5297:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5258:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5244:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5234:Stramenopiles
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5197:(major groups
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5177:
5173:
5172:
5168:
5163:
5156:
5151:
5149:
5144:
5142:
5137:
5136:
5133:
5108:
5107:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5088:
5084:
5073:
5072:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5048:
5047:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5034:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5021:
5014:
5013:
5008:
5007:
5006:Thalassomyces
5002:
5001:
4996:
4995:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4983:Ellobiopsidae
4981:
4980:
4978:
4976:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4966:Protalveolata
4963:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4945:
4944:Parvilucifera
4940:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4908:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4895:
4884:
4883:
4878:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4866:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4854:
4853:Oxyrrhinaceae
4851:
4849:
4848:Ichthyodinium
4846:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4827:
4820:
4819:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4796:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4784:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4736:
4735:
4730:
4729:
4724:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4705:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4693:Gymnodiniales
4690:
4689:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4649:
4648:
4643:
4642:Gonyaulacales
4640:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4630:
4629:Ornithocercus
4625:
4624:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4612:Dinophysiales
4609:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4591:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4573:Voromonadidae
4571:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4550:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4536:Colpodellidae
4534:
4533:
4531:
4529:
4525:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4407:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4383:Lipotrophidae
4381:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4312:
4311:Stenophoridae
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4271:Stenophoricae
4269:
4266:
4262:
4259:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4247:Hirmocystidae
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4222:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4192:Siedleckiidae
4190:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4113:Diplocystidae
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4069:
4068:Selenidioides
4064:
4063:
4058:
4057:
4056:Merogregarina
4052:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4021:Gregarinasina
4017:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3999:
3998:Myriosporides
3994:
3993:Myriosporidae
3991:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3821:Sarcocystinae
3819:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3813:Sarcocystidae
3810:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3725:
3724:Pseudoklossia
3720:
3719:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3655:
3654:Klossiellidae
3652:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3568:
3567:
3566:Rhytidocystis
3562:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3549:Gemmocystidae
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3516:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3428:Leucocytozoon
3424:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3353:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3333:Colponemadida
3330:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3269:Karyorelictea
3267:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3257:
3256:Climacostomum
3252:
3251:
3246:
3245:Heterotrichea
3243:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3088:Muranotrichea
3086:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2998:Acavomonadida
2995:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2926:Stramenopiles
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2889:(major groups
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2841:
2836:
2834:
2829:
2827:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2747:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2702:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2603:
2600:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2502:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2443:(5): e96258.
2442:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2425:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2368:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2158:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2106:
2105:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2006:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1686:
1676:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1516:(4): 953–94.
1515:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1479:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1378:A.G.Alexeieff
1376:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1365:Alphamonaceae
1362:
1361:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1345:perkinsozoans
1342:
1338:
1334:
1333:Colpodellales
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1259:morphological
1256:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1193:
1191:
1190:sister clades
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1160:Colpodellales
1157:
1153:
1149:
1141:
1136:
1129:
1128:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1079:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1000:
999:
991:
990:
982:
981:
973:
972:
964:
963:
955:
954:
946:
945:
942:
941:
940:
933:
932:
929:
928:
925:
924:
923:
916:
915:
909:
908:
905:
904:
901:
899:
898:
891:
890:
884:
883:
880:
879:
876:
875:
874:
867:
866:
860:
859:
856:
855:
847:
846:
843:
841:
840:
833:
832:
829:
828:
825:
824:
823:
816:
815:
809:
808:
801:
798:
797:
791:
790:
787:
786:
783:
782:
776:
775:
769:
768:
762:
761:
754:
751:
750:
744:
743:
737:
734:
733:
729:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
696:
692:
684:
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
655:
650:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
611:
606:
602:
597:
595:
591:
587:
586:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
549:
545:
544:
539:
538:
529:
527:
525:
521:
520:
515:
511:
507:
506:percolomonads
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
470:ectoparasites
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
445:
442:
438:
437:
432:
431:
426:
425:
420:
419:
410:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
385:apicomplexans
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
342:
340:
338:
334:
333:Colpodellales
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
299:
295:
291:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
246:
240:
235:Apicomonadea
234:
233:
231:
228:
224:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
200:
198:
193:
186:
185:
180:
177:
173:
166:
165:Colpodellales
163:
160:
159:
152:
149:
146:
145:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
67:
62:
58:
54:
53:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
6667:Microbiology
6547:Colpodellida
6517:Colpodellida
6516:
6434:
6408:
6403:paraphyletic
6298:
6279:
6261:
6230:Malawimonada
6210:Anaeromonada
6205:Anaeramoebae
6197:
6173:
6150:Tsukubamonas
6148:
6070:
6063:
6054:Charophyceae
6041:
6034:
6027:Streptophyta
6014:
5998:
5978:
5974:Rhodelphidia
5932:Palpitomonas
5930:
5910:
5899:Pancryptista
5844:
5837:
5774:
5741:
5736:
5729:
5709:
5679:
5674:Foraminifera
5672:
5515:
5458:
5452:Tunicaraptor
5450:
5417:
5391:Opisthokonta
5327:
5256:Opisthokonta
5106:Platyproteum
5104:
5098:
5069:
5066:Chilovoridae
5044:
5010:
5004:
4998:
4992:
4986:
4948:
4942:
4930:
4918:
4880:
4870:Pronoctiluca
4868:
4856:
4839:
4836:Acrocoelidae
4816:
4812:Hematodinium
4810:
4807:Syndiniaceae
4800:Duboscquella
4798:
4786:
4757:
4754:Noctilucales
4734:Symbiodinium
4732:
4726:
4714:
4708:
4702:
4696:
4683:Prorocentrum
4681:
4669:
4663:
4660:Peridiniales
4651:
4645:
4633:
4627:
4621:
4615:
4576:
4564:
4553:Voromonadida
4539:
4528:Colpodellida
4514:
4511:Vitrellaceae
4502:
4499:Chromeraceae
4482:Apicomonadea
4452:
4442:Schizocystis
4440:
4434:
4430:Lymphotropha
4428:
4416:
4410:
4404:
4398:
4394:Farinocystis
4392:
4386:
4374:
4371:Gigaductidae
4299:Monoductidae
4265:Porosporidae
4261:Porosporicae
4243:Gregarinidae
4227:Gregarinicae
4195:
4169:Thiriotiidae
4164:Selenidiidae
4153:Zygocystinae
4137:Monocystinae
4133:Monocystidae
4095:Aseptatorina
4072:
4066:
4060:
4054:
4042:
4002:
3996:
3984:
3972:
3966:
3954:
3950:Defretinella
3948:
3942:
3932:Angeiocystis
3930:
3905:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3856:Hyaloklossia
3854:
3848:
3842:
3830:
3824:
3784:
3778:
3772:
3760:
3742:Barrouxiidae
3728:
3722:
3716:
3710:
3704:
3698:
3695:Aggregatidae
3669:
3666:Legerellidae
3657:
3645:
3642:Karyolysidae
3633:
3630:Hepatozoidae
3621:
3609:
3603:
3564:
3552:
3498:
3491:
3475:
3472:Theileriidae
3463:
3452:Piroplasmida
3438:
3435:Plasmodiidae
3426:
3416:Haemoproteus
3414:
3402:
3382:Aconoidasida
3336:
3327:Colponemadea
3318:Colponemidia
3302:
3296:
3278:
3272:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3223:
3217:
3214:Spirotrichea
3205:
3202:Protocruziea
3193:
3187:
3175:
3163:
3159:Chilodonella
3157:
3145:
3133:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3103:
3091:
3079:
3073:
3070:Litostomatea
3061:
3049:
3037:
3001:
2992:Acavomonadea
2983:Acavomonidia
2948:Opisthokonta
2762:
2756:
2746:
2713:
2709:Parasitology
2707:
2701:
2676:
2672:
2659:
2618:
2612:
2602:
2569:
2563:
2515:
2511:
2501:
2440:
2434:
2424:
2383:
2377:
2367:
2316:
2310:
2234:
2228:
2172:
2168:
2157:
2132:
2128:
2103:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2015:
2011:
2005:
1972:
1926:
1922:
1858:
1852:
1799:
1795:
1731:
1725:
1696:
1692:
1675:
1666:
1662:
1590:(1): 4–119.
1587:
1581:
1513:
1509:
1477:
1468:
1455:
1448:Vitrellaceae
1434:
1424:
1414:
1393:
1386:Chromeraceae
1372:
1358:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1313:phycologists
1291:
1284:
1278:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1251:Apicomonadea
1250:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1236:polyphyletic
1224:phylogenetic
1213:
1209:
1196:
1194:
1186:phylogenetic
1167:
1159:
1152:Colpodellida
1151:
1145:
1112:
1095:
1053:
1038:
1007:
937:
936:
920:
919:
895:
894:
871:
870:
837:
836:
820:
819:
799:
779:
691:apicomplexan
688:
674:
658:
652:
651:
642:
619:zoosporangia
608:
598:
590:violaxanthin
584:
583:chlorophyll
541:
535:
533:
517:
498:chrysomonads
467:
444:phagotrophic
434:
428:
422:
416:
414:
411:Colpodellids
401:mastigonemes
377:microtubules
361:phagotrophic
346:
332:
325:Colpodellida
324:
320:
309:phylogenetic
293:
287:phagotrophic
283:colpodellids
282:
275:polyphyletic
258:
257:
218:Vitrellaceae
208:Chromeraceae
182:
164:
150:
136:
110:
97:
84:
50:
29:
6582:iNaturalist
6541:Wikispecies
6459:Wikispecies
6294:Chitinozoan
6220:Parabasalia
6072:Embryophyta
6036:Chlorokybus
6016:Chlorophyta
5964:Glaucophyta
5938:Cryptophyta
5828:Pirsoniales
5795:Bicosoecida
5776:Platysulcus
5749:Perkinsozoa
5731:Apicomplexa
5704:Colponemida
5471:Pluriformea
5340:Archamoebea
5329:Eumycetozoa
5058:Chilovorida
5041:Algovoridae
5024:Myzomonadea
4994:Ellobiopsis
4975:Ellobiopsea
4950:Rastrimonas
4932:Phagodinium
4927:Phagodinida
4915:Perkinsidae
4898:Perkinsozoa
4877:Psammosidae
4788:Amoebophyra
4779:Syndiniales
4716:Karlodinium
4704:Gymnodinium
4698:Amphidinium
4603:Dinokaryota
4449:Syncystidae
4436:Machadoella
4295:Leidyanidae
4251:Metameridae
4209:Septatorina
4174:Urosporidae
4128:Lecudinidae
4123:Ganymedidae
3986:Mackinnonia
3968:Coelotropha
3944:Coelotropha
3894:Ixorheorida
3832:Sarcocystis
3683:Eimeriorina
3611:Dactylosoma
3605:Babesiosoma
3554:Gemmocystis
3520:Conoidasida
3500:Nephromyces
3368:Apicomplexa
3262:Blepharisma
3225:Stylonychia
3207:Protocruzia
3184:Prostomatea
3172:Plagiopylea
3129:Tetrahymena
3100:Nassophorea
3093:Muranothrix
3075:Balantidium
2716:(04): 502.
2518:(7): 1430.
1929:: 187–218.
1727:Protoplasma
1669:(304): 1–3.
1474:Patten 1936
1294:Apicomplexa
1255:flagellates
1178:Apicomplexa
1154:(under the
1137:Systematics
1098:Colponemida
1040:Perkinsozoa
781:Apicomplexa
605:life cycles
579:chloroplast
559:association
502:bicosoecids
478:myzocytosis
447:flagellates
393:flagellates
313:Apicomplexa
279:flagellates
241:Chromerida
6656:Categories
6465:Chromerida
6435:Chromerida
6375:Rigifilida
6274:Acritarchs
6199:Barthelona
6190:Metamonada
6175:Euglenozoa
6043:Mesostigma
5999:sensu lato
5980:Rhodophyta
5839:Ochrophyta
5800:Placidozoa
5711:Ciliophora
5681:Radiolaria
5598:Haptophyta
5493:Filasterea
5405:Holomycota
5100:Filipodium
5095:Squirmidae
5087:Squirmidea
5033:Algovorida
4841:Acrocoelus
4746:Noctilucea
4723:Suessiales
4671:Peridinium
4665:Pfiesteria
4623:Histioneis
4617:Dinophysis
4566:Alphamonas
4541:Colpodella
4491:Chromerida
4418:Menzbieria
4406:Lipocystis
4400:Lipotropha
4376:Gigaductus
4303:Monoicidae
4221:Fusionidae
4217:Fusionicae
4197:Siedleckia
4074:Veloxidium
4044:Exoschizon
4004:Myriospora
3963:Grelliidae
3902:Ixorheidae
3874:Toxoplasma
3774:Cyclospora
3769:Eimeriidae
3712:Merocystis
3706:Grasseella
3659:Klossiella
3647:Karyolysus
3635:Hepatozoon
3587:Adeleorina
3460:Babesiidae
3440:Plasmodium
3304:Myrionecta
3298:Mesodinium
3293:Mesodiniea
3177:Plagiopyla
3135:Vorticella
3123:Paramecium
3034:Armophorea
3017:Ciliophora
3003:Acavomonas
2359:Q124684358
2175:: e06974.
2083:Q124744550
2040:Q124751768
1891:Q124684077
1699:(1): 3–15.
1485:References
1426:Colpodella
1374:Alphamonas
1321:Chromerida
1298:eukaryotic
1286:Alphamonas
1267:Microvorax
1210:Chromerida
1203:Australian
1174:Perkinsida
1169:Colpodella
1114:Ciliophora
939:Colpodella
873:Alphamonas
627:schizogony
594:β-carotene
530:Chromerids
492:, such as
488:and other
482:alveolates
465:ancestry.
463:phototroph
424:Alphamonas
418:Colpodella
387:, with an
321:Chromerida
294:chromerids
292:, and the
277:groups of
249:Guiry 2024
184:Colpodella
176:Type genus
147:Subclass:
18:Chromerida
6662:Alveolata
6215:Fornicata
6121:Excavates
5923:Cryptista
5846:Oomycetes
5823:Developea
5805:Sagenista
5692:Alveolata
5628:Telonemia
5503:Choanozoa
5380:Breviatea
5323:Tubulinea
5310:Amoebozoa
5251:Amoebozoa
5229:Alveolata
5217:Cryptista
5192:Eukaryota
5162:Eukaryote
5071:Chilovora
4920:Perkinsus
4907:Perkinsea
4818:Syndinium
4759:Noctiluca
4728:Polarella
4653:Gonyaulax
4635:Oxyphysis
4578:Voromonas
4454:Syncystis
4388:Apicystis
3850:Hammondia
3844:Besnoitia
3826:Frenkelia
3700:Aggregata
3671:Legerella
3595:Adeleidae
3477:Theileria
3399:Garniidae
3338:Colponema
3195:Holophrya
3165:Tokophrya
2943:Amoebozoa
2921:Alveolata
2909:Cryptista
2884:Eukaryota
2855:Alveolata
2847:Eukaryota
2807:Q83229299
2781:2050-084X
2738:Q54495349
2730:0031-1820
2651:Q34126892
2635:1434-4610
2594:Q54540793
2586:0932-4739
2493:Q28657955
2467:1932-6203
2416:Q34167276
2400:1066-5234
2333:0737-4038
2285:Q30662251
2259:0027-8424
2075:1995-0829
2032:1995-0829
1997:Q82839650
1981:1062-3590
1951:Q57761541
1943:0065-2296
1875:0022-3646
1774:Q47194626
1748:0033-183X
1630:Q57086550
1604:1066-5234
1548:Q24634634
1522:0146-0749
1436:Voromonas
1416:Chilovora
1309:Alveolata
1280:Chilovora
1271:Dinomonas
1220:myzozoans
1009:Squirmida
922:Voromonas
736:Alveolata
706:Alveolata
685:Evolution
677:produces
663:cytoplasm
623:zoospores
601:phylogeny
575:cell wall
472:, do not
455:rhoptries
441:predatory
436:Chilovora
430:Voromonas
365:Alveolata
290:predators
271:Alveolata
195:Families
117:Alveolata
78:Eukaryota
6677:Protista
6561:13075602
6532:Q5149302
6526:Wikidata
6450:Q5113799
6444:Wikidata
6397:protists
6393:kingdoms
6281:Grypania
6243:Imasidae
6144:Jakobida
5668:Endomyxa
5663:Cercozoa
5655:Rhizaria
5585:Haptista
5517:Animalia
5460:Bicellum
5335:Variosea
5318:Discosea
5296:Amorphea
5246:Amorphea
5224:Rhizaria
5212:Hacrobia
5202:Excavata
5187:Bacteria
5046:Algovora
4882:Psammosa
4858:Oxyrrhis
4771:Syndinea
4647:Ceratium
4412:Mattesia
4275:Acutidae
3907:Ixorheis
3868:Neospora
3786:Isospora
3730:Selysina
3531:Coccidia
3219:Euplotes
3081:Dileptus
3058:Colpodea
2938:Amorphea
2916:Rhizaria
2904:Hacrobia
2894:Excavata
2879:Bacteria
2803:Wikidata
2799:31418692
2734:Wikidata
2693:84323025
2647:Wikidata
2643:20643580
2590:Wikidata
2544:34361866
2489:Wikidata
2485:24797661
2436:PLOS One
2412:Wikidata
2408:12503687
2355:Wikidata
2351:36610734
2281:Wikidata
2277:25717057
2201:26175406
2149:22055836
2079:Wikidata
2036:Wikidata
1993:Wikidata
1989:20143628
1947:Wikidata
1887:Wikidata
1883:38245909
1861:: 1–15.
1832:28005870
1824:18288187
1770:Wikidata
1766:28875267
1626:Wikidata
1622:30257078
1544:Wikidata
1478:Vitrella
1470:Piridium
1457:Vitrella
1395:Chromera
1263:Algovora
1228:plastids
1182:Sporozoa
897:Chromera
839:Vitrella
822:Piridium
726:red alga
718:plastids
698:myzozoan
675:Vitrella
659:Vitrella
654:Vitrella
643:Chromera
610:Chromera
551:protists
543:Vitrella
537:Chromera
519:Chromera
510:ciliates
494:bodonids
490:protozoa
486:bacteria
459:plastids
397:flagella
353:protists
267:protists
227:Synonyms
123:Phylum:
74:Domain:
6626:5247640
6587:1121488
6574:9006619
6492:1008711
6479:2912531
6132:Discoba
5997:Plants
5969:Picozoa
5815:Gyrista
5722:Myzozoa
5575:Provora
5481:Filozoa
5437:Holozoa
5345:Cutosea
5261:Animals
5182:Archaea
4710:Karenia
3974:Grellia
3780:Eimeria
3718:Ovivora
3465:Babesia
3357:Myzozoa
3274:Loxodes
3250:Stentor
3105:Nassula
3063:Colpoda
3039:Metopus
2953:Animals
2874:Archaea
2790:6733595
2614:Protist
2535:8303630
2476:4010437
2445:Bibcode
2342:9847631
2268:4547307
2239:Bibcode
2192:4501334
2129:Protist
1804:Bibcode
1757:5756292
1613:6492006
1540:8302218
1446:Family
1405:Family
1384:Family
1363:Family
1341:Myzozoa
1305:emended
802:
755:
753:Myzozoa
724:with a
710:Myzozoa
704:within
635:mitosis
567:coccoid
526:stage.
161:Order:
133:Class:
127:Myzozoa
6639:591166
6613:877183
6505:591164
6405:groups
5787:Bigyra
5361:Obazoa
5239:Plants
5176:Domain
3404:Garnia
3189:Coleps
2931:Plants
2868:Domain
2805:
2797:
2787:
2779:
2736:
2728:
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1796:Nature
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1628:
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1610:
1602:
1546:
1538:
1531:372943
1528:
1520:
1317:phylum
1261:data:
1206:corals
671:sexual
667:conoid
592:, and
563:corals
546:, are
524:sexual
474:ingest
451:conoid
381:conoid
305:corals
281:: the
261:are a
6682:Algae
6634:WoRMS
6600:12911
6595:IRMNG
6500:WoRMS
6357:CRuMs
5419:Fungi
5266:Fungi
4829:Other
2958:Fungi
2758:eLife
2689:S2CID
2669:(PDF)
2169:eLife
2108:(PDF)
1828:S2CID
1689:(PDF)
1659:(PDF)
1232:clade
702:clade
631:cysts
561:with
555:algae
514:cysts
405:cysts
375:with
349:clade
301:algae
263:clade
111:Clade
98:Clade
85:Clade
6608:NCBI
6569:GBIF
6409:bold
5614:TSAR
2795:PMID
2777:ISSN
2726:ISSN
2639:PMID
2631:ISSN
2582:ISSN
2540:PMID
2481:PMID
2463:ISSN
2404:PMID
2396:ISSN
2347:PMID
2329:ISSN
2273:PMID
2255:ISSN
2197:PMID
2145:PMID
2071:ISSN
2028:ISSN
1985:PMID
1977:ISSN
1939:ISSN
1879:PMID
1871:ISSN
1820:PMID
1762:PMID
1744:ISSN
1667:2023
1618:PMID
1600:ISSN
1536:PMID
1518:ISSN
1347:and
1283:and
1269:and
1156:ICZN
716:and
603:and
540:and
508:and
453:and
433:and
329:ICZN
6556:EoL
6474:EoL
5888:CAM
5644:SAR
2851:SAR
2785:PMC
2767:doi
2718:doi
2681:doi
2623:doi
2619:162
2574:doi
2530:PMC
2520:doi
2471:PMC
2453:doi
2388:doi
2337:PMC
2321:doi
2263:PMC
2247:doi
2235:112
2187:PMC
2177:doi
2137:doi
2133:163
2063:doi
2020:doi
1931:doi
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1812:doi
1800:451
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