324:
29:
20:
134:, which was itself lost in the 17th century. These drawings, although they are twice removed from the originals, show the variety of sources that the earliest illuminators used as models for manuscript illustration, including metalwork, frescoes, and floor mosaics. The Roman originals were probably fully painted miniatures.
37:
23:
The title page and
Dedication from the Barberini MS. The texts read: "Valentinus, may you flourish in God" (top), "Furius Dionysius Filocalus illustrated this work" (in triangles), "Valentinus, enjoy reading this" (main in placard), on the left "Valentinus, may you live long and flourish", on the
79:
is sometimes used to describe the whole collection, and sometimes just the sixth part, which is the
Calendar itself. Other versions of the names ("Philocalus", "Philocalian", "Codex-Calendar of 354", etc.) are occasionally used. The text and illustrations are available online.
218:, a list of Popes, and the Calendar of Filocalus, from which copies of eleven miniatures survive. Among other information, it contains the earliest reference to Christmas (see Part 12 below) and the dates of Roman Games, with their number of
198:
was the leading scribe or calligrapher of the period, and possibly also executed the original miniatures. His name is on the dedication page. He was also a
Christian, living in a moment that lay on the cusp between a pagan and a
277:
At AD 1: "Hoc cons. dominus Iesus
Christus natus est VIII kal. Ian. d. Ven. luna xv." – "When these were consuls, Lord Jesus Christ was born 8 days before the kalends of January on the day of Venus Moon 15" – is a historical
187:, most scholars, following Meyer Schapiro, believe Peiresc would have been able to make a correct judgement on its age. For a full list of manuscripts with copies after the originals, see the external link.
174:
that the Codex
Luxemburgensis copied by Peiresc was actually the Roman original has not been accepted. Peiresc himself thought the manuscript was seven or eight hundred years old when he had it, and, though
300:
Line 1: "VIII kal. Ian. natus
Christus in Betleem Iudeae" – "Eighth day before the kalends of January Birth of Christ in Bethlehem of Judea" – is the oldest reference to Jesus' birth as an annual feast
238:
Part 4: images of the seven planets with a calendar of the hours - 5 surviving miniatures. Copies of the emblematic drawings appear in a
Carolingian text that portrays Mercury and Venus in
323:
1500:
1165:
Nordenfalk, "Der
Kalendar vom Jahre 354 und die lateinische Buchmalerei des IV. Jahrhunderts" (Göteborg) 1936, noted in Schapiro 1940:270, reprinted in Schapiro,
1082:
166:
on long-term loan, is clearly the most faithful. After
Peiresc's death in 1637 the manuscript disappeared. However some folios had already been lost from the
107:
times, by the 8th–9th centuries. A number of copies were made at that time, with and without illustrations, which in turn were copied during the
Renaissance.
1617:
225:
The contents are as follows (from the Barberini Ms. unless stated). All surviving miniatures are full-page, often combined with some text in various ways:
1566:
Die spätantiken Kanontafeln. Kunstgeschichtliche Studien über die eusebianische Evangelien-Konkordanz in den vier ersten Jahrhunderten ihrer Geschichte.
1545:
1239:
56:
is a compilation of chronological and calendrical texts produced in 354 AD for a wealthy Roman Christian named Valentinus by the calligrapher and
1127:
in 1600, is illustrated in part with figures drawn from the Codex-Calendar of 354 (Meyer Schapiro, "The Carolingian Copy of the Calendar of 354"
1581:
1538:
1530:
455:
248:
Part 6: the Philocalian calendar – seven miniatures of personifications of the Months in this MS; the full set appears in other copies
1622:
440:
1174:
465:
1632:
1255:
This is a list of famous men (in no particular order) rather than a list of actual dictators. Only 10 names held the position of
123:
1637:
1349:
Reckoning from Severus' death. This calculation gives 16 December 211, probably referring to his attempted murder during the
285:
258:·XXX" – "Birthday of the unconquered, games ordered, thirty races" – is the oldest literary reference to the pagan feast of
1647:
486:
1642:
1366:
330:
308:
1076:
195:
83:
Amongst other historically significant information, the work contains the earliest reference to the celebration of
60:
841:
403:
232:
Part 2: images of the personifications of the cities of Rome, Alexandria, Constantinople and Trier - 4 miniatures
1424:
Severus abdicated in April 307 and was executed 5 months later. The author extends his reign up until his death.
1313:
1450:
481:
475:
433:
138:
1208:
is given as December 25th in considerably earlier sources, but this is the first reference to a holiday or
1226:
492:
450:
200:
155:
64:
57:
268:
1574:
Von Picus bis Licinius: historischer Kommentar zu den „Chronica urbis Romae“ im Chronographen von 354.
36:
122:, cod. Barberini lat. 2154). This was carefully copied, under the supervision of the great antiquary
1269:
975:
425:
1602:
1482:(The Transformation of the Classical Heritage 17). Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.
1063:
245:
Part 5: the signs of the Zodiac – no miniatures surviving in this manuscript; four in other copies
110:
The most complete and faithful copies of the illustrations are the pen drawings in a 17th-century
1213:
881:
857:
239:
215:
92:
1143:
A. L. Frothingham, who noted Botticelli's source, in "The Real Title of Botticelli's 'Pallas'"
1047:
Salzman, p. 3: "the earliest full-page illustrations in a codex in the history of Western art".
1577:
1534:
1526:
1466:
1205:
1170:
913:
889:
787:
732:
507:
1296:
1282:
1188:
929:
499:
384:
1560:
838:
799:
723:
689:
519:
414:
289:
171:
119:
28:
1480:
On Roman Time: The Codex-Calendar of 354 and the Rhythms of Urban Life in Late Antiquity
1369:
is largely speculative and unknown. No primary source collaborates any of these lengths.
1456:
1411:
1392:
1256:
743:
667:
445:
373:
219:
1522:
1518:
1611:
1434:
347:
176:
1433:
The original manuscript may have been written around 330, as there is no mention of
170:
before Peiresc received it, and other copies have some of these. The suggestion of
162:
The Vatican Barberini manuscript, made in 1620 for Peiresc, who had the Carolingian
1627:
1124:
679:
624:
366:
272:
259:
153:) who grasps a bound barbarian by the hair for his painting, traditionally called
103:
The original volume has not survived, but it is thought that it still existed in
1310:
829:
470:
184:
127:
104:
32:
Portrait of Constantius II, dispensing largesse, from part 7 of the Barberini MS
1350:
992:
957:
897:
869:
861:
810:
776:
264:
Part 7: consular portraits of the emperors – 2 miniatures (the last in the MS)
235:
Part 3: images of the emperors and the birthdays of the Caesars - 2 miniatures
142:
111:
19:
316:
Part 16: Chronicle of the City of Rome (a list of rulers with short comments)
1565:
1337:
1209:
1004:
921:
877:
807:
750:
596:
584:
334:
115:
84:
378:
1167:
Selected Papers: volume 3, Late Antique, Early Christian and Mediaeval Art
1388:
1384:
1333:
1243:
1152:
1024:
949:
905:
822:
818:
765:
712:
701:
619:
542:
531:
211:
1544:
On the problems with the edition part of this work, see Burgess, R. W.
1316:, who also gave Galba a larger reign ("nine months and thirteen days").
1177:
945:
656:
354:
207:
1195:(Yale University Press) 1984, ch. VIII "Conversions of intellectuals".
210:
as a calendar; it includes various texts and lists, including elegant
91:, although unique historical dates had been mentioned much earlier by
1116:
849:
645:
67:
is lost, but several copies have survived. It is the earliest known
1461:
1329:
937:
630:
608:
565:
460:
150:
68:
35:
27:
18:
558:
1546:"The New Edition of the Chronograph of 354: A Detailed Critique"
1501:"The Chronograph of 354: its Manuscripts, Contents, and History"
576:
553:
1589:
Le calendrier de 354. Étude sur son texte et ses illustrations.
1601:
Online text and images, full introduction and bibliography at
295:
Part 11: commemoration dates of past popes from AD 255 to 352
1150:.4 (October 1908), pp. 438-444, reidentified the subject as
1515:
Das Kalenderhandbuch von 354: Der Chronograph des Filocalus
962:
1096:
Hippolytus of Rome: Commentary on Daniel and 'Chronicon'.
1011:
980:
206:
The Chronography, like all Roman calendars, is as much an
137:
Various partial copies or adaptations survive from the
986:
1242:, who claimed ancestry from Marius and struck silver
684:
601:
1487:Late Antique and Early Christian Book Illumination
1017:
781:
613:
570:
24:right "Valentinus, may you live long and rejoice".
304:Part 13: bishops of Rome, the Liberian Catalogue
1513:Divjak, Johannes; Wischmeyer, Wolfgang (2014).
1294:Reckoning inclusively from his confirmation as
1216:had been celebrated for some time at this date.
229:Part 1: title page and dedication - 1 miniature
214:of the months. It also includes the important
1309:The writer most likely based his numbers from
281:Part 9: the dates of Easter from AD 312 to 411
71:to have had full page illustrations. The name
1078:Hippolytus and the Original Date of Christmas
419:
359:
8:
695:
650:
333:According to the Codex-Calendar of 354, the
298:Part 12: commemoration dates of the martyrs
1193:Christianizing the Roman Empire A.D.100-400
1238:The author probably confused Marcius with
968:
1029:
737:
672:
536:
408:
397:
770:
16:Roman chronological and calendrical text
1569:Gothenburg: Oscar Isacsons Boktryckery.
1134:.4 (December 1940, pp. 270-272) p 270).
1040:
706:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
717:
639:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1361:
1359:
1324:
1322:
1169:, 1980, Chatto & Windus, London,
391:
183:(1681), the first systematic work of
7:
1409:Reckoning from their appointment as
885:ruled 14 years, 4 months and 28 days
358:son of Mars and Ilia reigned for 38
1618:4th-century illuminated manuscripts
1603:Tertullian.org: Chronography of 354
1550:Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum
1489:. New York: George Braziller, 1977.
1336:'s reign seems to be reckoned from
1332:may have been a later addition, as
1064:Tertullian.org:Chronography of 354
909:ruled 5 years, 4 months and 20 days
853:ruled 1 year, 11 months and 18 days
845:ruled 5 years, 5 months and 29 days
1085:from the original on March 3, 2013
1075:Schmidt, Tom (November 21, 2010),
893:ruled 1 year, 4 months and 14 days
865:ruled 2 years, 4 months and 9 days
834:ruled 5 years, 5 months and 5 days
803:ruled 3 years, 4 months and 2 days
759:
441:Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
87:as an annual holiday or feast, on
14:
953:ruled 2 years, 11 months, 2 days
933:ruled 6 years, 2 months, 12 days
792:
524:
503:ruled 3 years, 7 months, 6 days.
337:could accommodate 87,000 people.
322:
145:adapted a figure of the city of
124:Nicholas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc
1285:(21 April 43 BC)
1272:(9 August 48 BC)
1145:American Journal of Archaeology
997:
547:
313:Part 15: Chronicle of the Bible
1119:, a Carolingian manuscript of
987:16 years, 8 months and 12 days
661:
635:
512:
1:
589:
1229:Q79, noted in Salzmann 1991.
696:18 years, 11 months, 14 days
602:12 years, 8 months, 28 days.
290:prefects of the city of Rome
1367:Crisis of the Third Century
1094:. Schmidt is translator of
747:ruled 10 months and 12 days
660:ruled 20 years, 10 months,
99:Transmission from antiquity
1664:
1576:Stuttgart: Franz Steiner,
941:ruled 10 months and 5 days
782:6 years, 8 months, 18 days
625:17 years, 5 months, 5 days
546:ruled 13 years, 8 months,
511:ruled 56 years, 4 months,
196:Furius Dionysius Filocalus
179:had not yet published his
61:Furius Dionysius Filocalus
1623:4th-century history books
1505:Journal of Late Antiquity
141:and Renaissance periods.
1478:Salzman, Michele Renee.
1240:Lucius Marcius Philippus
1156:and unruly civic strife.
493:Rulership of the Caesars
1633:Culture of ancient Rome
1572:Pfund, Günther (2021).
1451:On Weights and Measures
1212:being celebrated. The
917:ruled 8 months, 12 days
139:Carolingian Renaissance
40:Personification of June
1365:The chronology of the
1300:on 17 September AD 14.
1225:University of Leiden,
1000:, 4 months and 15 days
309:14 regions of the City
212:allegorical depictions
201:Christian Roman Empire
156:Pallas and the Centaur
65:illustrated manuscript
41:
33:
25:
1638:Late Roman Empire art
1587:Stern, Henri (1953).
1525:). Wien: Holzhausen,
1214:feast of the Epiphany
777:Antoninus Elagaballus
404:L. Tarquinius Priscus
73:Calendar of Filocalus
39:
31:
22:
571:8 months and 12 days
168:Codex Luxemburgensis
164:Codex Luxemburgensis
132:Codex Luxemburgensis
1648:Early Christian art
1281:Reckoning from the
1270:Battle of Pharsalus
1268:Reckoning from the
969:21 years, 11 months
588:ruled 8 months and
426:Tarquinius Superbus
240:heliocentric orbits
77:Filocalian Calendar
1643:Specific calendars
738:11 months, 28 days
559:14 years, 5 months
537:8 months, 12 days.
343:Chronology of Rome
292:from 254 to 354 AD
216:Liberian Catalogue
93:Hippolytus of Rome
42:
34:
26:
1582:978-3-515-12875-9
1539:978-3-902976-30-7
1531:978-3-902976-29-1
1485:Weitzmann, Kurt.
1467:Menologia rustica
1328:The inclusion of
1206:Nativity of Jesus
1081:, chronicon.net,
1030:4 months, 16 days
1018:9 years, 8 months
814:ruled for 20 days
760:2 months, 15 days
707:8 months, 12 days
685:8 months, 12 days
673:8 months, 28 days
651:4 months, 27 days
543:Tiberius Claudius
508:Octavian Augustus
456:Valerius Pblicola
250:On December 25: "
181:De re diplomatica
1655:
1591:Paris: Geuthner.
1561:Nordenfalk, Carl
1555:(2017): 383–415.
1438:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1416:
1407:
1396:
1381:
1370:
1363:
1354:
1347:
1341:
1326:
1317:
1307:
1301:
1292:
1286:
1283:Battle of Mutina
1279:
1273:
1266:
1260:
1253:
1247:
1236:
1230:
1223:
1217:
1204:The date of the
1202:
1196:
1189:Ramsay MacMullen
1186:
1180:
1178:On line at JSTOR
1163:
1157:
1141:
1135:
1129:The Art Bulletin
1113:
1107:
1104:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1072:
1066:
1061:
1048:
1045:
1031:
1028:ruled 15 years,
1019:
1015:
999:
988:
984:
970:
966:
794:
791:ruled 13 years,
783:
772:
771:4 months, 2 days
761:
739:
736:ruled 17 years,
719:
708:
705:ruled 16 years,
697:
691:Marcus Antoninus
686:
674:
671:ruled 22 years,
663:
652:
649:ruled 19 years,
641:
637:
626:
615:
603:
591:
572:
560:
549:
538:
526:
523:ruled 22 years,
514:
500:C. Julius Caesar
451:Apulius Claudius
429:reigned 25 years
421:
410:
399:
395:
393:Marius Phillipus
388:reigned 32 years
385:Tullus Hostilius
380:
361:
326:
257:
253:
95:during 202–211.
90:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1608:
1607:
1598:
1533:(volume 1) and
1510:(2012) 345–396.
1499:Burgess, R. W.
1496:
1494:Further reading
1475:
1446:
1441:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1408:
1399:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1357:
1348:
1344:
1327:
1320:
1308:
1304:
1293:
1289:
1280:
1276:
1267:
1263:
1254:
1250:
1237:
1233:
1224:
1220:
1203:
1199:
1187:
1183:
1164:
1160:
1142:
1138:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1088:
1086:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
758:ruled 6 years,
683:ruled 7 years,
535:ruled 3 years,
520:Tiberius Caesar
482:Luius Salinator
415:Servius Tullius
345:
340:
339:
338:
332:
327:
299:
276:
255:
251:
249:
193:
172:Carl Nordenfalk
120:Vatican Library
101:
88:
63:. The original
54:Calendar of 354
17:
12:
11:
5:
1661:
1659:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1597:
1596:External links
1594:
1593:
1592:
1585:
1570:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1511:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1483:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1457:Roman calendar
1454:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1426:
1417:
1397:
1395:are all mixed.
1393:Maximinus Daza
1371:
1355:
1342:
1318:
1302:
1287:
1274:
1261:
1257:Roman dictator
1248:
1231:
1218:
1197:
1181:
1158:
1136:
1108:
1106:cf. M. Salzman
1099:
1067:
1049:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1021:
1009:
1001:
989:
972:
954:
942:
934:
926:
918:
910:
902:
894:
886:
874:
866:
854:
846:
835:
827:
815:
804:
796:
784:
773:
762:
748:
740:
728:
720:
709:
698:
687:
675:
668:Antoninus Pius
664:
653:
642:
627:
616:
604:
592:
581:
573:
562:
550:
539:
528:
516:
504:
490:
489:
484:
479:
476:Quintus Fabius
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
446:Fabius Maximus
443:
431:
430:
422:
411:
400:
389:
381:
374:Numa Pompilius
370:
344:
341:
329:
328:
321:
320:
319:
318:
317:
314:
311:
305:
302:
296:
293:
282:
279:
265:
262:
246:
243:
236:
233:
230:
192:
189:
100:
97:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1660:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1559:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1437:(r. 306–334).
1436:
1435:Constantine I
1430:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1383:The names of
1380:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1246:in his honor.
1245:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1227:Ms. Vossianus
1222:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1175:0-7011-2514-4
1172:
1168:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1035:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1014:
1010:
1008:ruled 6 years
1007:
1006:
1002:
995:
994:
990:
983:
979:
977:
973:
965:
961:
959:
955:
952:
951:
947:
943:
940:
939:
935:
932:
931:
927:
925:ruled 88 days
924:
923:
919:
916:
915:
911:
908:
907:
903:
901:ruled 77 days
900:
899:
895:
892:
891:
887:
884:
883:
879:
875:
873:ruled 88 days
872:
871:
867:
864:
863:
859:
855:
852:
851:
847:
844:
843:
840:
836:
833:
832:
828:
826:ruled 99 days
825:
824:
820:
816:
813:
812:
809:
805:
802:
801:
797:
790:
789:
785:
779:
778:
774:
769:rule 1 year,
768:
767:
763:
757:
756:
753:
749:
746:
745:
741:
735:
734:
729:
727:ruled 65 days
726:
725:
721:
715:
714:
710:
704:
703:
699:
693:
692:
688:
682:
681:
676:
670:
669:
665:
659:
658:
654:
648:
647:
643:
633:
632:
628:
622:
621:
617:
611:
610:
605:
599:
598:
593:
587:
586:
582:
580:ruled 90 days
579:
578:
574:
568:
567:
563:
556:
555:
551:
545:
544:
540:
534:
533:
529:
522:
521:
517:
510:
509:
505:
502:
501:
497:
496:
495:
494:
488:
485:
483:
480:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
438:
437:
435:
434:The Dictators
428:
427:
423:
417:
416:
412:
406:
405:
401:
394:
390:
387:
386:
382:
376:
375:
371:
368:
365:
357:
356:
352:
351:
350:
349:
348:Kings of Rome
342:
336:
331:
325:
315:
312:
310:
307:Part 14: The
306:
303:
297:
294:
291:
287:
283:
280:
274:
273:Roman consuls
270:
266:
263:
261:
247:
244:
241:
237:
234:
231:
228:
227:
226:
223:
221:
220:chariot-races
217:
213:
209:
204:
202:
197:
190:
188:
186:
182:
178:
173:
169:
165:
160:
158:
157:
152:
148:
144:
140:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
108:
106:
98:
96:
94:
86:
81:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
59:
55:
51:
47:
38:
30:
21:
1588:
1573:
1564:
1552:
1549:
1514:
1507:
1504:
1486:
1479:
1449:
1429:
1420:
1410:
1345:
1305:
1295:
1290:
1277:
1264:
1251:
1234:
1221:
1200:
1192:
1184:
1166:
1161:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1139:
1131:
1128:
1125:Hugo Grotius
1120:
1111:
1102:
1095:
1089:December 29,
1087:, retrieved
1077:
1070:
1043:
1023:
1012:
1003:
991:
981:
974:
963:
956:
944:
936:
928:
920:
912:
904:
896:
888:
876:
868:
856:
848:
837:
830:
817:
806:
798:
786:
775:
764:
754:
751:
742:
731:The deified
730:
722:
711:
700:
690:
678:The deified
677:
666:
655:
644:
638:, 4 months,
629:
618:
607:The deified
606:
595:The deified
594:
583:
575:
564:
552:
541:
532:C. Gallicula
530:
518:
506:
498:
491:
487:Iuius Brutus
432:
424:
413:
402:
396:reigned for
392:
383:
377:reigned for
372:
369:for 5 years.
367:Titus Tatius
363:
353:
346:
269:list (fasti)
260:Sol Invictus
224:
205:
194:
180:
167:
163:
161:
154:
146:
136:
131:
118:collection (
109:
102:
82:
76:
72:
53:
50:Chronography
49:
45:
43:
1311:Cassius Dio
1115:The Leiden
976:Constantius
471:Cincinnatus
461:Sulla Felix
418:reigned 46
185:paleography
128:Carolingian
105:Carolingian
89:December 25
58:illustrator
46:Chronograph
1612:Categories
1473:References
1351:Saturnalia
1123:edited by
1121:Phaenomena
958:Diocletian
898:Quintillus
870:Aemilianus
862:Volusianus
795:and 9 days
561:, 28 days.
527:, 28 days.
275:to AD 354
143:Botticelli
112:manuscript
1340:'s death.
1338:Vespasian
1210:feast day
1153:Florentia
1020:, 6 days.
1005:Maxentius
971:, 12 days
878:Gallienus
800:Maximinus
788:Alexander
755:the Great
752:Antoninus
597:Vespasian
585:Vitellius
335:Colosseum
284:Part 10:
278:reference
254:·INVICTI·
126:, from a
116:Barberini
114:from the
85:Christmas
1563:(1938).
1523:volume 2
1519:volume 1
1444:See also
1389:Galerius
1385:Maximian
1334:Domitian
1297:augustus
1244:denarius
1083:archived
1025:Licinius
1013:Maximian
982:Maximian
964:Maximian
950:Numerian
906:Aurelian
890:Claudius
882:Valerian
823:Balbinus
819:Pupienus
811:Gordians
793:8 months
766:Macrinus
724:Julianus
713:Pertinax
702:Commodus
662:14 days.
620:Domitian
590:11 days.
548:27 days.
525:7 months
466:Barbatus
409:28 years
407:reigned
398:36 years
379:41 years
267:Part 8:
191:Contents
177:Mabillon
147:Treberis
130:copy, a
998:3 years
993:Severus
946:Carinus
922:Florian
914:Tacitus
842:Philips
839:The two
831:Gordian
808:The two
733:Severus
718:75 days
657:Hadrian
640:1 days.
636:5 years
355:Romulus
288:of the
271:of the
208:almanac
1580:
1537:
1529:
1412:caesar
1391:, and
1173:
1117:Aratus
1016:ruled
996:ruled
985:ruled
967:ruled
930:Probus
858:Gallus
850:Decius
780:ruled
716:ruled
694:ruled
646:Trajan
634:ruled
623:ruled
612:ruled
600:ruled
569:ruled
557:ruled
1462:Fasti
1330:Titus
1036:Notes
938:Carus
880:with
680:Verus
631:Nerva
609:Titus
566:Galba
513:1 day
420:years
360:years
151:Trier
69:codex
52:, or
1578:ISBN
1535:ISBN
1527:ISBN
1314:(63)
1171:ISBN
1091:2018
948:and
860:and
821:and
744:Geta
577:Otho
554:Nero
364:with
362:...
286:list
44:The
1628:354
978:and
960:and
614:...
478:(?)
301:day
75:or
1614::
1553:21
1548:,
1541:.
1521:,
1503:,
1400:^
1387:,
1374:^
1358:^
1321:^
1191:,
1148:12
1132:22
1052:^
436::
256:CM
222:.
203:.
159:.
48:,
1584:.
1517:(
1508:5
1415:.
1353:.
1259:.
515:.
252:N
242:.
149:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
